Hey, people! This series will cover all the major engagements of the Thirty Years' War, so we had to set up as much as possible. At the same time, you can be sure that you will see every conflict mentioned in this video on our channel in the future. If you are interested in the European religious conflicts, you have to see our video on the Hussite Wars: ua-cam.com/video/2ZQwkX3euFg/v-deo.html
Thank you sir for this great video Today i was learing History of Czech Republic Prague in General and came to know about those 27 crosses, thanks for letting me know the story of those crosses in detail
Frederick 1st, newly elected king of Bohemia is called Winter king in Czech republic. You might think its cool nickname and all but he got it after he ran away at this battle and never came back - he ruled for only 1 winter.
and afterwards wandered from protestant court to court for years, essentially begging, while his wife, the daughter of the english king, was his best diplomatic asset by far, at least securing a somewhat respectful treatment. Somewhat tragic character.
you need to spell it out completely then it sounds even cooler. "The winter king went into exile after the defeat at the battle of the white mountain". sounds fantasy as fuck. btw he is also known as the winter king in germany, in fact my family followed him into exile settling in a protestant part of germany later. their name gets mentioned in a list of "traitors" to bohemia who had their lands confiscated after this.
@@94Newbie It's infuriating that even a "Winter king" whose rule is notorious for it's briefness still hanged around longer that the literal embodiment of a longass winter, the Night King.
@@موسى_7 And you are an idiot.... who obviously doesn't know the difference between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.... so before you try with Russian baiting at least educate yourself on the subject so you don't make stupid statements totally out of context. Let me define Eastern Orthodoxy for you..... It is evangelical but not PROTESTANT, It is Catholic but not ROMAN CATHOLIC, its not nondenominational it is PRE-DENOMINATIONAL, and above all it is APOSTOLIC.... suggestion: start reading books (comic books don't count) and educate yourself on the subjects you want to comment on....
@@ihaveone6086 Ihave one Re-read Moses' comment. He said Russians are CHRISTIAN because they wanted to drink. Aside from being an obvious joke, there may be a few Protestant groups that refrain from alcohol but nearly all Christians don't. Hmmm. Is there a major religion that does refrain from alcohol? One that was involved in Russia history & wanted to convert Russians? Let's think about that for a bit, eh? And then fire off an angry and shit-for-attitude reply.
One of the most complex but most interesting wars I've ever written about. Fortunately for me, I didn't have to animate all of that glorious bordergore, can we get an F in the chat for the man who did? :^)
K&G: *starts new series on the Thirty Years' War* Hapsburg Fanboys: *sweats profusely* Bohemian Fanboys: *checks if the room has windows* Sweden Fanboys: *starts playing Sabaton* France Fanboys: "honhonhon this gon be good"
Italian Fanboys: *turning away in shame; feeling a sting to the heart when seeing their fractured mess of a peninsula; decides to make some art instead*
So pumped you guys are covering this war now! I just finished reading "Europe's Tragedy" by Peter Wilson. The history of the 30 Year's War is complex, but it sure is interesting!
He used both the Latin and the Greek version to translate. That's how differences between the translated version and the official catholic interpretation came to be.
The Catholic Church funded the printing press because of massive deaths among the scribes and the church contracted for 13 editions of the Bible in German 62 years before Luther.
@tacotony24 Don't about 14 but there were several which had multiple editions printed. However, it was never the Vatican's position that common people be able to read the Bible in their own language. Plus all printing of German Bibles were prohibited in 1486 by archbishop Berthold.
@tacotony24 That is not true, or quite misleading. Gutenberg never printed a German bible; the first printed German bible was published in 1466 by Johannes Mentelin in Strasbourg, and was not so much a translation as a word-by-word rendition of the Latin Vulgate. After that, a few others were printed - but against the stipulations in several papal bulls prohibiting the translation and use of bibles in national languages, and introducing censorship for printed works. They were certainly not (regularly or officially) used in church services.
Thank you for starting the Thirty Years War series, one of my favorite periods in history, make sure to cover both battles at Nordlingen, Lutzen and Rocroi, please and thank you
I live in Münster, Germany, where the "Westfälischer Frieden" (peace of westphalia) was signed. The 30 years war is a huge part of the local history . This video feels like a personal gift from you. Thank you for your great work, @Kings and Generals!
14:28 It's important to note that the Tercio was a permanent formation equivalent to a modern-day brigade and subdivided into ten companies which were of a single arm (pikemen or firearms) each. Originally they were intended to have 3000 soldiers each, but on the late period the number of soldiers per Tercio was halved as Spain lacked manpower and flexible forces. After the War of 1700-1714, the Tercios were reorganised into regiments with between 1000 and 2000 soldiers each, though many of those units retained the name of Tercios (mostly marine or overseas units). Currently, the Spanish army has a few regiments named as Tercios: two Tercios on the Spanish Legion (elite light infantry) and four Tercios in the Spanish Marines. For the period, the term Tercio was used not only by the Spanish army but also by their allies who copied the Spanish organisational structure though the training for the Tercios belonging to the Italian or Imperial allies was lower, thus making them of relatively inferior quality. They were also less standarized than the Spanish Tercios, which was another reason of their relative low success compared with the Spanish: the Tercios not only were organised around a backbone of well-trained veterans, but also were both standarized and flexible, being able to act the way the situation required.
These indulgences actually made Gutenberg's printing business lucrative after his initial idea of printing bibles was not very commercially successful.
Nice, I had finished reading Europe's Tragedy by Peter H. Wilson about 30 Years War just in time for this series to give me a refresher on this mess of a conflict.
For me that book was so boring at the beginning that i never got past the first 80 pages before i had to drop it There is another book about the war written by C.V. Wedgwood which i am told is much better but have not had the chance to start on it yet
@@ReZel80657 I'd be a bit worried about the historical accuracy and scholarship about a book written in the 1930s. Historical interpretations have evolved significantly since then and AFAIK Wilson's book is the most up-to-date general history on the war.
But the first 250 something pages of that book is just very dry background information and i had to strugle to not fall asleep while reading that and i gave up about 80 pages in, i dont mind a newer book but if its so dry and boring that its unreadable to me i would rather drop it and read something else
Well it did change your country forever... And we Poles like to think we had it rough, because our country was no- existent for 123 years... But every time i like to remind people how Czech people ended up, among other people, thanks to us Well, for all it`s worth, we still really get guilty, when we hear "Lisowczycy"...
@@crackerjack646 Well, their culture was on the decline, and many native elites were eitther chased, or kileld, basically eradicating their culture- more or less... But i think he should answer that for his own country... I don`t understand- what "sect" you are talking about???
@@crackerjack646 Why Poland ain`t orthodox? Because we were closer to Germans- meaning: location- wise, and much like EU these days(to be safe from Russia), to be safe from any kind of "Christianisation" actions our first rulers decided to become Catholics. And Ruthenians are orthodox, because ruthenian vikings brought that religion back from Byzantium But if one would really look into our history, you`d see, that we didn`t have much of a inquisition going, and that many jews could come here, without much of a fear of persecutions... So it is hard to tell, if we`d ever been in "sect". That maybe changed in XXth century, when Church was about only public organisation, that told commies to suck it, but earlier? Depends
Although that is a technicality that can usually be glossed over if it's not the focus; Ferdinand was already Roman King, and presided over the Diet of Augsburg and the negotiations about the religious peace. Also, if we're trying to be technical, Ferdinand did not become emperor in 1556. Charles abdicated; however, a new emperor had to elected, not appointed, and the electors only chose Ferdinand in 1558. And even then, pope Paul IV refused to acknowledge that election, and only pope Pius IV recognised Ferdinand as emperor in 1559.
I was hoping you would at least mention how the failure at White Mountain influenced Bohemia - the Habsburg's purge of the Protestants and subsequent colonization were quite catastrophic to Czech culture. But then again, you're focusing on a wider picture with this series. Anyways, as always, great job! I've noticed that this video was nicer graphically, at least that list featuring the outlook of the armies looked different.
But is this the case? This uprising was lead by german speaking nobles. The king would became Frederick V. If they won the battle that would mean Czech lands would be integrated into german speaking nations where czech language would hardly survive. Whereas they lost, that meant they became part of Habsburgs multinational empire where later in 19th century conditions for czech nation were much better.
@@rooby30 But Bohemia already was fully integrated with German world, it was part of HRE for centuries, Luxemburg dynasty spoke German, and some of the nobility as well. The difference is that with Habsburg victory, remaining Czech speaking nobility was erradicated, whereas with Protestant victory, not only would they remain, but Czech church would be a national one. Also, Habsburgs dominion didn't become this multicultural empire which allowed the native language to flourish instantly, it only happened centuries later.
Róbert Paluch Nation isn’t the point and it wasn’t important at the time. Religion was. And even then, rebels were led by both german and czech nobles like Jindřich Thurn
Well the counter reformation of Bohemia WAS a huge economic and cultural program with massive transformation of wealth away from both bohemian protestant bourgeois and nobility, to catholic monasteries and opportunistic nobleman like Wallenstein. Also, the counter reformation and the reparations Habsburg pressed out of Bohemia economically ruined the region for centuries to come, compared with its significance. The currency of Prague was one of the most stable and important of all of Europe and was consciously tanked to help the emperor with his war-time debts. Gigantic amounts of private wealth from the bohemian elites changed hands during that time. Forget all that religion crap, in the times of 30 years war it already was ALL about economy, with literally banking houses like deWitte speculating on outcomes of wars and creating figures like Wallenstein in the first place.
It was a nice introduction to the Thirty Years' War. The painting of the battle by the contemporary painter Peter Snayers (see Wikipedia) shows both sides arrayed in tercio-style formations, with the Habsburg side partly in bastioned tercios, which were preferred by the Spanish. Their opponents, presumably the Protestants, are not deployed in the Dutch formation but in simpler tercios, interspersed with cavalry. The plan of the battle from Theatrum Europaeum, also shown in the Wikipedia article, also has the two opponents arrayed in tercio formations. It is difficult to know how accurate these paintings were. On the other hand, I have not come across any other contemporary sources and I am not sure I have read elsewhere that the Protestants used the Dutch formation, even though that formation may have been occasionally favoured by Protestant armies later in the war.
We are entering to one of the most interesting and tragic events of European history we still have so much to see and people like Wallestein the king of Sweden the great Conde Turenne the cardinal infante Ferdinand of Spain Richelieu, this series can be legendary
I can't wait for him to finish this series because when he finishes a series, he puts it together and creates a video over 1 hour. Gonna be a movie to watch
@@brrrrrtenjoyer Sadly in other video whoever manages the channel said it is one of their least watched series so I guess that's why they have touched some very important events just briefly, Nordlingen (1634) did not even had a video of its own despite being one of the most important battles of the war.
The Thirty years war was one of the most tragic and needless wars in European History and the end result was a relatively indecisive victory for either side at the cost of millions it is a great shame we have learnt so little from these conflicts and how quickly they are forgotten. Thanks to Kings and Generals for giving such a fantastic video on such an interesting and tragic period of history.
This is a fantastic video i have been very interested in the 30 years war for a while but could never get into it because of how confusing and messy it was and this is much better presented then anything i have come across before
In that case, I would suggest reading some biographies on major figures of the war. For instance, Jean-Vincent Blanchard’s on Cardinal Richelieu, or TAD’s on Gustavus Adolphus. This way the information is more condensed and doesn’t sprawl out into a confusing mess. It doesn’t hurt that this period has some of the most interesting characters in history.
Something like 100-150 of those are just books about countries and i dont know if i am ever going to read those, going back to the Thirty Years' War i own two books one is by Peter H. Wilson and that is so boring its unreadable for me and the second is by C.V. Wedgwood which i am told is far better
Shilka I’ve heard the same. I have the Wedgwood one but it’s missing 40 pages. They’re not even ripped out or anything, they’re just nonexistent. I did it buy it at a gift shop for $1.40 though, so maybe I was asking for it. (It was also the only history book in the entire store)
13:19 I'm flattered that you attempted to use the Czech name of the White Mountain, but I suspect that you just took it from "Na Bílé Hoře", which is a locative grammatical case. Nominative would be "Bílá Hora", as you said correctly in the commentary. "Bílé Hoře" in nominative would mean "White Despair", which is somehow fitting also.
I've been binging older documentaries in anticipation of the new release. 1) You never disappoint. You have tackled topics that are hotly debated with wisdom, grace and moderation worthy of a Habsburg diplomat. 2) Speaking of this episode. It is remarkable how both the Bohemians and the Habsburgs basically Catch22'd themselves into a war that ultimately weakened Bohemia, Austria and HRE as a whole. All that could have been avoided if Bohemians got religious autonomy and a regent sympathetic to their cause. 3) On this point, can I just mention the act called The Warsaw Confederation (1573)? I think it is something worth mentioning that as large parts of the continent drowned in blood, Poland had already paved the way for true tolerance. 3) Having said all that - can we all take a moment to recognise the Habsburgs' amazing ability to bounce back? I mean, in Europe at least only house Capet with its cadet branches of Valois and Bourbon could claim to be more successful. A truly remarkable bunch (if only they knew about the dangers of inbreeding).
YES! I have always wanted a coverage of the 30 Years War. It is the quintessential early modern war, some of the last knights came to this war and died in it, Kings died in it, and generals were gods, but on the tail end of it it emerged the seeds of a truly modern Europe. Religious tolerance, the beginning of early modern (massed lined gunpowder) European military, and the concept of nation- states are all born here. I would love for you to cover the personages like Tilly, Wallenstein, and Gustavus Adolphus!
Wow! Having only recently discovering that I have direct lineage to Ferdinand V, your research into this battle has helped me uncover additional pieces to my family tree! Thank you!!
Hi guys from the Czech Republic, here are some more details to this battle. Frederick V, the Winter King, was also elected because of his wife, Elizabeth Stuart.The battle itself lasted for two hours. Frederick was having a banquet with the English ambassador when the battle started. When he decided to participate the battle, it was too late. He just saw escaping the protestant troops, who weren't also paid in time. This battle was a real turning point of our history. The large part of our aristocracy and intelligence left the country. The Thirty Years War is regaded the most devastated war in percentage of death number. It ranged between 40 - 60 % of population in some areas of Europe..
Covering this war over any prolonged period of time would most likely be a waste of resources, there are not that many people who find the topic interesting enough to follow it on a regular basis. I do hope, however, that they get around to cover the French Revolutionary Wars on the pattern of "six months per week" and they could wrap it up within a year. A week-by-week coverage of the Civil War would also be in demand, although I doubt that Indy & Co. would be willing to embark upon yet another multiple year-spanning project again after they're done with WWII.
For those who are going to get confused (and I can't blame you) this is essentially Protestants vs Catholics, (some) German Princes vs the Emperor and the French Bourbons vs the Hapsburgs - with the Danes, Swedes, Dutch, Hungarians and other countries sucked in as well. Also, there are a LOT of mercenaries involved, which only complicated this war especially towards the end. I applaud Kings and Generals for giving it a go.
Hungarian names not like the other europian names, they are in reverse order. For example Bethlen Gábor: Gábor is the first name, Bethlen is the last name.
Has man gone insane A few will remain Who'll find a way To live one more day Through decades of war It spreads like disease There's no sign of peace Religion and greed cause millions to bleed Three decades of war
Hurray! I love this period, can't wait when you'll reach it in the Ottoman series. As a Polish person and a total fanboy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, I feel a little bad about our Sigismund III sending the "Lisowczycy" light cavalry units to help the Habsburgs against our Hungarian friends and Czech brothers. In our defense, they were there more as mercenaries than the official troops of the Commonwealth, as the king would need the Sejm's (Diet) approval to actually join the war. Also, it was at least partially done to get the lot of them out of the country and busy with something, because once the Muscovite War ended (during which that formation was created) they become rather troublesome and infamous even in their own country. Later tradition romanticized them a bit, focusing on their daring exploits, but they weren't the most pleasant bunch, even for the contemporary standards.
Man sometimes, I hope that the Turks and Poles never had fought each other (and thus weakening themselves) which would lead to both of them crumbling against the Austrians and Russians :(
Jan II doomed Poland-Lithuania by refusing to ally with Sweden against Russia, directly causing the Deluge, from which Poland-Lithuania never recovered.
@@fatihyagar6038 Haha c'est marrant en effet, pour ma part j'ai des origines Alsacienne donc j'ai un nom de famille qui sonne Allemand xD Mais c'est génial qu'il y est des Huguenots un peu partout sur Terre !!!
i absolutely love when someone try to pronounce our words in czech :D btw, its true its called battle at white mountain, (bitva na bílé hoře) but when u try to give that name in infinitive like on the map in video, than its > Bílá Hora not bílé hoře. but great video as every other. love this channel. keep up at good work. :)
Some Czech language corrections on the battle map for "White mountain" 1)There should be "Bílá Hora" not "Bílé hoře", because the first is the infinitive and this form should be used on the map 2)When you already used Czech characters for "Bílé hoře" and "Řepy" then you should also use it for "Scharka" which should be "Šárka" 3)It is not "Ruzyné" but "Ruzyně" BTW I really liked the video, just trying to help as native Czech speaker
Yes ! The thirty years war ! One of the most interesting and conflict in history, that is so overlooked by people in our times, despite in EXTREME impact that it had in Europe and the importance of its lessons, that still shape modern diplomacy
I would love to see an Armies and Tactics video (or two!) about renaissance armies and their pike and shot tactics. It would go great with the Thirty Years War and Ottoman Wars series!
Well explained. This is a particularly complex period in history, and it's not that easy to understand the alliances, or the interests of the different parties.
The funniest thing, as I remember it, is that Martin Luther didn't want to found a new religion, he just wanted to reform and purify Catholicism of its corrupt elements. He was very against many of the people claiming to be his followers, iirc.
His translation of the Bible into German....with alterations, everybody seems to forget that last part, but it’s important to the few people who care about such things
This, the Church had very little problem with bibles being translated into the vernacular, but not when you cut out books from the canon, and what ever else Luther tried to do.
@@firmanimad How? How on God's Green Earth is Martin Luther even remotely close to a SJW? His objections were not based on tolerance or marginalization of minorities. They were based on corruption in the Catholic Church and theological issues with the entire idea of a Papacy. Martin Luther didn't give two flying fucks about minorities or the treatment of minorities in Catholic lands, or stratification in society or any of that shit. He was concerned about the fact that the Catholic Church was selling indulgences, that it was hoarding wealth, that its members were partaking in what he viewed as un-Christian practices. Modern political phenomena and ideological issues are not AT ALL applicable to historical issues or movements. This was a time when the very underlying principles of postmodernism which form the core of the modern SJW ideology weren't even comprehensible for intellectual discourse. This was an era before even the idea of the nation state. I highly doubt that thinkers from feudal societies had anything in common with SJWs.
Thank you for the Pike and Shot episode, Kings and Generals! I cannot wait for more Thirty Years’ War presentations. Hopefully, you have the English Civil War on the cue soon!
Hey, people! This series will cover all the major engagements of the Thirty Years' War, so we had to set up as much as possible. At the same time, you can be sure that you will see every conflict mentioned in this video on our channel in the future. If you are interested in the European religious conflicts, you have to see our video on the Hussite Wars: ua-cam.com/video/2ZQwkX3euFg/v-deo.html
Thank you for doing this episode. It's one of my favourite conflicts of history. Next please do seven years war.
awesome, this and the Italian Wars would be perfect.
8 million casualties must have been terrible as a proportion of the population in those times
Thank you sir for this great video
Today i was learing History of Czech Republic Prague in General and came to know about those 27 crosses, thanks for letting me know the story of those crosses in detail
Thank god you’re not covering cartoons anymore
A Thirty Years War series! A surprise to be sure, but a welcome one.
Reality can be whatever Kings and Generals want
r/prequelmemes ??
@@erwinrommel6561 The Desert Fox has spoken👏
I have been looking forward for this
What is it whit people here quoting and paraphrasing Prequels at every turn?
What's with Bohemians and throwing people out of buidings?
National tradition?
@@Vitalis94 Jan Masaryk wants to know your location.
Fun fact: Throwing people out of a window was even written down as a lawful punishment for breaking the Letter of Majesty as the catholics did :D
@@Saeronor I was thinking the NKVD and the StB wanted the information.
It's fun.
Frederick 1st, newly elected king of Bohemia is called Winter king in Czech republic.
You might think its cool nickname and all but he got it after he ran away at this battle and never came back - he ruled for only 1 winter.
and afterwards wandered from protestant court to court for years, essentially begging, while his wife, the daughter of the english king, was his best diplomatic asset by far, at least securing a somewhat respectful treatment. Somewhat tragic character.
you need to spell it out completely then it sounds even cooler.
"The winter king went into exile after the defeat at the battle of the white mountain". sounds fantasy as fuck.
btw he is also known as the winter king in germany, in fact my family followed him into exile settling in a protestant part of germany later. their name gets mentioned in a list of "traitors" to bohemia who had their lands confiscated after this.
@@94Newbie It's infuriating that even a "Winter king" whose rule is notorious for it's briefness still hanged around longer that the literal embodiment of a longass winter, the Night King.
That's better than not ruling for even 1 winter.
Luther: I promise I won't talk about religion too much tonight
*a few beers later*
*Writes the 95 theses
beers ? hell no
@@nantzstein3311 He's Christian. Russians are only Christian because they wanted to drink but that is besides the point.
@@موسى_7 And you are an idiot.... who obviously doesn't know the difference between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.... so before you try with Russian baiting at least educate yourself on the subject so you don't make stupid statements totally out of context. Let me define Eastern Orthodoxy for you..... It is evangelical but not PROTESTANT, It is Catholic but not ROMAN CATHOLIC, its not nondenominational it is PRE-DENOMINATIONAL, and above all it is APOSTOLIC.... suggestion: start reading books (comic books don't count) and educate yourself on the subjects you want to comment on....
@@ihaveone6086 Yes, Protestant, Catholic , and Orthodox are totally different
@@ihaveone6086 Ihave one Re-read Moses' comment. He said Russians are CHRISTIAN because they wanted to drink. Aside from being an obvious joke, there may be a few Protestant groups that refrain from alcohol but nearly all Christians don't.
Hmmm. Is there a major religion that does refrain from alcohol? One that was involved in Russia history & wanted to convert Russians? Let's think about that for a bit, eh? And then fire off an angry and shit-for-attitude reply.
I saw it and pushed like button without watching. The serial that I have been expecting has started. This channel is amazing. Thank you very much.
One of the most complex but most interesting wars I've ever written about. Fortunately for me, I didn't have to animate all of that glorious bordergore, can we get an F in the chat for the man who did? :^)
Nice comment. You gained one subscriber
F
F
F
F
Tercios finally make an appearance! My favorite fighting force for sure
K&G: *starts new series on the Thirty Years' War*
Hapsburg Fanboys: *sweats profusely*
Bohemian Fanboys: *checks if the room has windows*
Sweden Fanboys: *starts playing Sabaton*
France Fanboys: "honhonhon this gon be good"
Zekram Nordran and the British fanboys start on becoming one country and setting up the foundations of the Empire.
Scots Fanboys: Fight everyone, get paid, go home, fight each other
Italian Fanboys: *turning away in shame; feeling a sting to the heart when seeing their fractured mess of a peninsula; decides to make some art instead*
dutch fanboy: "FREEDOMM!!"
Greetings from Czech Republic :). Thank you for making videos from our history!!!
Thanks for watching!
Coming back to one of the classics. Kings and Generals is the best.
There need to be a compilation of all the sieges against Vienna throughout it
s history
vienna is like constantinople 2.0 except it actually doesnt fall
It did - to Napoleon
@@bobbulat1393 Twice, at that
@@lepredator1789 well Constantinople didnt get help. (Or at least i dont think it did, idk i never read much about that part of history)
natan kol Venice Sent them ships and other Christians tried to distract the Ottomans but didn’t succeed
So pumped you guys are covering this war now! I just finished reading "Europe's Tragedy" by Peter Wilson. The history of the 30 Year's War is complex, but it sure is interesting!
Small mistake there, Luther translated the Latin version of the Bible into German, not the older greek version.
He used both the Latin and the Greek version to translate. That's how differences between the translated version and the official catholic interpretation came to be.
If made a mistake and the transation was from hebrew and greek
The Catholic Church funded the printing press because of massive deaths among the scribes and the church contracted for 13 editions of the Bible in German 62 years before Luther.
@tacotony24 Don't about 14 but there were several which had multiple editions printed. However, it was never the Vatican's position that common people be able to read the Bible in their own language. Plus all printing of German Bibles were prohibited in 1486 by archbishop Berthold.
@tacotony24 That is not true, or quite misleading.
Gutenberg never printed a German bible; the first printed German bible was published in 1466 by Johannes Mentelin in Strasbourg, and was not so much a translation as a word-by-word rendition of the Latin Vulgate.
After that, a few others were printed - but against the stipulations in several papal bulls prohibiting the translation and use of bibles in national languages, and introducing censorship for printed works. They were certainly not (regularly or officially) used in church services.
Thank you for starting the Thirty Years War series, one of my favorite periods in history, make sure to cover both battles at Nordlingen, Lutzen and Rocroi, please and thank you
I live in Münster, Germany, where the "Westfälischer Frieden" (peace of westphalia) was signed. The 30 years war is a huge part of the local history
. This video feels like a personal gift from you. Thank you for your great work, @Kings and Generals!
14:28 It's important to note that the Tercio was a permanent formation equivalent to a modern-day brigade and subdivided into ten companies which were of a single arm (pikemen or firearms) each. Originally they were intended to have 3000 soldiers each, but on the late period the number of soldiers per Tercio was halved as Spain lacked manpower and flexible forces. After the War of 1700-1714, the Tercios were reorganised into regiments with between 1000 and 2000 soldiers each, though many of those units retained the name of Tercios (mostly marine or overseas units). Currently, the Spanish army has a few regiments named as Tercios: two Tercios on the Spanish Legion (elite light infantry) and four Tercios in the Spanish Marines.
For the period, the term Tercio was used not only by the Spanish army but also by their allies who copied the Spanish organisational structure though the training for the Tercios belonging to the Italian or Imperial allies was lower, thus making them of relatively inferior quality. They were also less standarized than the Spanish Tercios, which was another reason of their relative low success compared with the Spanish: the Tercios not only were organised around a backbone of well-trained veterans, but also were both standarized and flexible, being able to act the way the situation required.
Selling indulgences became corrupt??? No way!
These indulgences actually made Gutenberg's printing business lucrative after his initial idea of printing bibles was not very commercially successful.
Sounds like a modern day death tax and carbon tax to me.
It was also to help finance the huge beautiful construction of the St Peters Basilica in The Vatican. Something we all go and appreciate today.
It was corrupt since the second it became a thing...
@@12vscience Virtue signaling.
Nice, I had finished reading Europe's Tragedy by Peter H. Wilson about 30 Years War just in time for this series to give me a refresher on this mess of a conflict.
For me that book was so boring at the beginning that i never got past the first 80 pages before i had to drop it
There is another book about the war written by C.V. Wedgwood which i am told is much better but have not had the chance to start on it yet
@@ReZel80657 I'd be a bit worried about the historical accuracy and scholarship about a book written in the 1930s. Historical interpretations have evolved significantly since then and AFAIK Wilson's book is the most up-to-date general history on the war.
But the first 250 something pages of that book is just very dry background information and i had to strugle to not fall asleep while reading that and i gave up about 80 pages in, i dont mind a newer book but if its so dry and boring that its unreadable to me i would rather drop it and read something else
Me, a Bohemian (czech):
My ancestors are smiling on me, imperial. Can you say the same?
Wait you are Czech and Buddhist?
počkej fakt? Viděl jsem od tebe pár videí, ale nikdy bych neřekl, že jsi čech :D
@@Alaryk111 Yes :)
@@dobyvetel255 No vidíš to :D
@@DarkBuddhist That's quite uncommon combination! Also nice response time xD Pozdrawiam.
YES! I was waiting for this!
I'm so glad we finally reached the 30 years war. Such a major conflict in European history. First video is done and is excellent. Good job guys
This was exactly what I was looking for! Nicely done.
Hello from Czech republic. This battle is still a big thing in our history.
Well it did change your country forever... And we Poles like to think we had it rough, because our country was no- existent for 123 years... But every time i like to remind people how Czech people ended up, among other people, thanks to us
Well, for all it`s worth, we still really get guilty, when we hear "Lisowczycy"...
@@crackerjack646 Well, their culture was on the decline, and many native elites were eitther chased, or kileld, basically eradicating their culture- more or less... But i think he should answer that for his own country...
I don`t understand- what "sect" you are talking about???
Yeah as an Austrian i can tell you that you shouldn't have messed with us ;)
@@crackerjack646 Why Poland ain`t orthodox? Because we were closer to Germans- meaning: location- wise, and much like EU these days(to be safe from Russia), to be safe from any kind of "Christianisation" actions our first rulers decided to become Catholics. And Ruthenians are orthodox, because ruthenian vikings brought that religion back from Byzantium
But if one would really look into our history, you`d see, that we didn`t have much of a inquisition going, and that many jews could come here, without much of a fear of persecutions... So it is hard to tell, if we`d ever been in "sect". That maybe changed in XXth century, when Church was about only public organisation, that told commies to suck it, but earlier? Depends
@@paulhamminger4436 cringe
Nothing feels better but to wake up to a new K&G video!
Finally, a UA-cam channel that I enjoy does the Thirty Years War.
A history channel who is much better than Extra credits
That's a pretty low bar.
@@dildoshwaggins4134 Heeeey, something should be done about normalizing religious wars in this video...
Lmao look at those triggered nazis, facts dont care about your feelings
@@NoobLetsPlay98 Application of cultivation theory leads to facts these days? *Lysenkoism intensifies*
@@NoobLetsPlay98 says the person with a hammer and sickle for a pfp, go starve somewhere else
Finally, Gustav Adolphus will be introduced by kings and generals
*Lion From The North starts playing*
Sabaton fans spotted hi
*LIBERA ET IMPERA*
ACERBUS ET INGENS
Gott mit uns
02:22 No, Ferdinand became Emperor in 1556, when his brother abdicated. Charles V was still on the throne !
that's very true, gj on spotting it
@@akhon8452 Thanks !
Although that is a technicality that can usually be glossed over if it's not the focus; Ferdinand was already Roman King, and presided over the Diet of Augsburg and the negotiations about the religious peace.
Also, if we're trying to be technical, Ferdinand did not become emperor in 1556. Charles abdicated; however, a new emperor had to elected, not appointed, and the electors only chose Ferdinand in 1558. And even then, pope Paul IV refused to acknowledge that election, and only pope Pius IV recognised Ferdinand as emperor in 1559.
This channel would be pure gold if they double-checked at least some of the crap they put into the first and apparently only draft of the script.
I asked you guys to make video on 30 years war last week and you guys uploaded a video today thanks you so much
I was hoping you would at least mention how the failure at White Mountain influenced Bohemia - the Habsburg's purge of the Protestants and subsequent colonization were quite catastrophic to Czech culture. But then again, you're focusing on a wider picture with this series.
Anyways, as always, great job! I've noticed that this video was nicer graphically, at least that list featuring the outlook of the armies looked different.
But is this the case? This uprising was lead by german speaking nobles. The king would became Frederick V. If they won the battle that would mean Czech lands would be integrated into german speaking nations where czech language would hardly survive. Whereas they lost, that meant they became part of Habsburgs multinational empire where later in 19th century conditions for czech nation were much better.
@@rooby30 But Bohemia already was fully integrated with German world, it was part of HRE for centuries, Luxemburg dynasty spoke German, and some of the nobility as well.
The difference is that with Habsburg victory, remaining Czech speaking nobility was erradicated, whereas with Protestant victory, not only would they remain, but Czech church would be a national one.
Also, Habsburgs dominion didn't become this multicultural empire which allowed the native language to flourish instantly, it only happened centuries later.
Vitalis You are making it look more important than it really was.
Róbert Paluch Nation isn’t the point and it wasn’t important at the time. Religion was. And even then, rebels were led by both german and czech nobles like Jindřich Thurn
Well the counter reformation of Bohemia WAS a huge economic and cultural program with massive transformation of wealth away from both bohemian protestant bourgeois and nobility, to catholic monasteries and opportunistic nobleman like Wallenstein. Also, the counter reformation and the reparations Habsburg pressed out of Bohemia economically ruined the region for centuries to come, compared with its significance. The currency of Prague was one of the most stable and important of all of Europe and was consciously tanked to help the emperor with his war-time debts. Gigantic amounts of private wealth from the bohemian elites changed hands during that time.
Forget all that religion crap, in the times of 30 years war it already was ALL about economy, with literally banking houses like deWitte speculating on outcomes of wars and creating figures like Wallenstein in the first place.
Dude iv got a degree in RE and you show really brings some epic moments back to me.
The Bohemian Crown: *It’s free real estate!*
Exactly my thought during my studies. :)
hell yes I waited for this forever, finally a comprehensive animated documentary of one of the most complicated conficts of the 1600s
It was a nice introduction to the Thirty Years' War. The painting of the battle by the contemporary painter Peter Snayers (see Wikipedia) shows both sides arrayed in tercio-style formations, with the Habsburg side partly in bastioned tercios, which were preferred by the Spanish. Their opponents, presumably the Protestants, are not deployed in the Dutch formation but in simpler tercios, interspersed with cavalry. The plan of the battle from Theatrum Europaeum, also shown in the Wikipedia article, also has the two opponents arrayed in tercio formations. It is difficult to know how accurate these paintings were. On the other hand, I have not come across any other contemporary sources and I am not sure I have read elsewhere that the Protestants used the Dutch formation, even though that formation may have been occasionally favoured by Protestant armies later in the war.
This is one of your best videos yet; not necessarily graphically but in terms of a topic that is hard to explain as well as you have. Thank you!
We are entering to one of the most interesting and tragic events of European history we still have so much to see and people like Wallestein the king of Sweden the great Conde Turenne the cardinal infante Ferdinand of Spain Richelieu, this series can be legendary
I can't wait for him to finish this series because when he finishes a series, he puts it together and creates a video over 1 hour. Gonna be a movie to watch
@@brrrrrtenjoyer Sadly in other video whoever manages the channel said it is one of their least watched series so I guess that's why they have touched some very important events just briefly, Nordlingen (1634) did not even had a video of its own despite being one of the most important battles of the war.
The Thirty years war was one of the most tragic and needless wars in European History and the end result was a relatively indecisive victory for either side at the cost of millions it is a great shame we have learnt so little from these conflicts and how quickly they are forgotten. Thanks to Kings and Generals for giving such a fantastic video on such an interesting and tragic period of history.
This is a fantastic video i have been very interested in the 30 years war for a while but could never get into it because of how confusing and messy it was and this is much better presented then anything i have come across before
In that case, I would suggest reading some biographies on major figures of the war. For instance, Jean-Vincent Blanchard’s on Cardinal Richelieu, or TAD’s on Gustavus Adolphus. This way the information is more condensed and doesn’t sprawl out into a confusing mess. It doesn’t hurt that this period has some of the most interesting characters in history.
I will look and add some books on my to read list on goodreads but i already got 467 books on that list
Shilka You don’t understand how relatable that is, despite you having quadruple what I have. Yet even 114 books in the waiting is...a full agenda.
Something like 100-150 of those are just books about countries and i dont know if i am ever going to read those, going back to the Thirty Years' War i own two books one is by Peter H. Wilson and that is so boring its unreadable for me and the second is by C.V. Wedgwood which i am told is far better
Shilka I’ve heard the same. I have the Wedgwood one but it’s missing 40 pages. They’re not even ripped out or anything, they’re just nonexistent. I did it buy it at a gift shop for $1.40 though, so maybe I was asking for it. (It was also the only history book in the entire store)
13:19 I'm flattered that you attempted to use the Czech name of the White Mountain, but I suspect that you just took it from "Na Bílé Hoře", which is a locative grammatical case. Nominative would be "Bílá Hora", as you said correctly in the commentary.
"Bílé Hoře" in nominative would mean "White Despair", which is somehow fitting also.
Překrásně řečeno.
Would it mean "To White Mountain?"
@@Kilinho98 Nope, “to White Mountain” would be „na Bílou Horu“ (going there) or „k Bílé Hoře“ (going towards it).
White Grief rather then Despair, I believe.
I've been binging older documentaries in anticipation of the new release.
1) You never disappoint. You have tackled topics that are hotly debated with wisdom, grace and moderation worthy of a Habsburg diplomat.
2) Speaking of this episode. It is remarkable how both the Bohemians and the Habsburgs basically Catch22'd themselves into a war that ultimately weakened Bohemia, Austria and HRE as a whole.
All that could have been avoided if Bohemians got religious autonomy and a regent sympathetic to their cause.
3) On this point, can I just mention the act called The Warsaw Confederation (1573)? I think it is something worth mentioning that as large parts of the continent drowned in blood, Poland had already paved the way for true tolerance.
3) Having said all that - can we all take a moment to recognise the Habsburgs' amazing ability to bounce back? I mean, in Europe at least only house Capet with its cadet branches of Valois and Bourbon could claim to be more successful. A truly remarkable bunch (if only they knew about the dangers of inbreeding).
Undoubdtedly, your graphics are outstanding
YES!
I have always wanted a coverage of the 30 Years War.
It is the quintessential early modern war, some of the last knights came to this war and died in it, Kings died in it, and generals were gods, but on the tail end of it it emerged the seeds of a truly modern Europe. Religious tolerance, the beginning of early modern (massed lined gunpowder) European military, and the concept of nation- states are all born here.
I would love for you to cover the personages like Tilly, Wallenstein, and Gustavus Adolphus!
Only for Woodrow Wilson to try to dismantle its legacy...
Wow! Having only recently discovering that I have direct lineage to Ferdinand V, your research into this battle has helped me uncover additional pieces to my family tree! Thank you!!
Probably an illegitimate connection...
Hi guys from the Czech Republic, here are some more details to this battle. Frederick V, the Winter King, was also elected because of his wife, Elizabeth Stuart.The battle itself lasted for two hours. Frederick was having a banquet with the English ambassador when the battle started. When he decided to participate the battle, it was too late. He just saw escaping the protestant troops, who weren't also paid in time. This battle was a real turning point of our history. The large part of our aristocracy and intelligence left the country. The Thirty Years War is regaded the most devastated war in percentage of death number. It ranged between 40 - 60 % of population in some areas of Europe..
Thank You providing 30 years war series. This war scale from number of victim so huge but very little spotlight of it. You at least give it a light
I wanted to know about the thirty years of war . thanks for introducing it
My Sunday just got better!
Ah, the thirty years' war. One of the major clasterfucks in European history.
www.spectator.co.uk/2018/03/simplicius-simplicissimus-and-the-horrors-of-the-thirty-years-war/
This was actually so much worse than World War 1.
Mega Potato clusterfuck, shurely?
Thirty Years War, YES!!!! Very much looking forward to the series.
Imagine Indy Neidell and team producing a week by week series on the 30 Years War.
(Also love the use of Empire: Total War music.)
Indy is already in his fifties so there's a decent chance he'd die before it ends. Man, this war is long.
@@Oxtocoatl13 What would have merit is a week by week series on the 100 years war...
Covering this war over any prolonged period of time would most likely be a waste of resources, there are not that many people who find the topic interesting enough to follow it on a regular basis. I do hope, however, that they get around to cover the French Revolutionary Wars on the pattern of "six months per week" and they could wrap it up within a year. A week-by-week coverage of the Civil War would also be in demand, although I doubt that Indy & Co. would be willing to embark upon yet another multiple year-spanning project again after they're done with WWII.
Thank u king and general,I've been waiting this vid. Since the last 8 months.
For those who are going to get confused (and I can't blame you) this is essentially Protestants vs Catholics, (some) German Princes vs the Emperor and the French Bourbons vs the Hapsburgs - with the Danes, Swedes, Dutch, Hungarians and other countries sucked in as well. Also, there are a LOT of mercenaries involved, which only complicated this war especially towards the end. I applaud Kings and Generals for giving it a go.
not really i mean French are Catholics during that time
An overlooked war. Thank you!
Hungarian names not like the other europian names, they are in reverse order. For example Bethlen Gábor: Gábor is the first name, Bethlen is the last name.
Yes, it's Gábor Bethlen in other languages
So orban is the first name and Viktor is the last
@@cv4809 No, he is Viktor Orbán in english.
Fucking weebs.
@@elzian4975 It was always so in hungarian
Glad too see others love history as much as myself.
Has man gone insane
A few will remain
Who'll find a way
To live one more day
Through decades of war
It spreads like disease
There's no sign of peace
Religion and greed cause millions to bleed
Three decades of war
Keep’em coming Kings 👍
Hurray! I love this period, can't wait when you'll reach it in the Ottoman series.
As a Polish person and a total fanboy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, I feel a little bad about our Sigismund III sending the "Lisowczycy" light cavalry units to help the Habsburgs against our Hungarian friends and Czech brothers. In our defense, they were there more as mercenaries than the official troops of the Commonwealth, as the king would need the Sejm's (Diet) approval to actually join the war. Also, it was at least partially done to get the lot of them out of the country and busy with something, because once the Muscovite War ended (during which that formation was created) they become rather troublesome and infamous even in their own country. Later tradition romanticized them a bit, focusing on their daring exploits, but they weren't the most pleasant bunch, even for the contemporary standards.
Man sometimes, I hope that the Turks and Poles never had fought each other (and thus weakening themselves) which would lead to both of them crumbling against the Austrians and Russians :(
Jan II doomed Poland-Lithuania by refusing to ally with Sweden against Russia, directly causing the Deluge, from which Poland-Lithuania never recovered.
Pull your head out of your ass and stop living in the past.
@@blaisevillaume9051 you’re in a history channel? What do you expect??
This may become my new favourite series :)
As a french protestant who don't know enough about religious wars i can only say: THANK YOU !!! (ou Merci beaucoup !! ^^" )
Bonjour, are you a Huguenot?
@@fatihyagar6038 haha oui pourquoi ? ^^"
@@sitrakamatthieu Nous en avons beaucoup en Allemagne. Ils ont toujours leurs noms de famille français.
@@fatihyagar6038 Haha c'est marrant en effet, pour ma part j'ai des origines Alsacienne donc j'ai un nom de famille qui sonne Allemand xD
Mais c'est génial qu'il y est des Huguenots un peu partout sur Terre !!!
yeeeeeeessssssss I've wanted this series for years, thank you for making my wish a reality!!!!!!!!!
Great video as always. Thank you guys :) ,but it was actually a Third defenestration (second was in 1483).
best youtube channel ever. keep up the good work
AFTER all those years the Dutch are now also part of Kings And Generals. There is so much more Dutch militairy history I hope to see.
Oh man, getting home after 5 days in the hospital to a new Kings and Generals video?? Gods' yes! :D
Hope you are feeling better!
@@KingsandGenerals Thanks!! I am!
i absolutely love when someone try to pronounce our words in czech :D btw, its true its called battle at white mountain, (bitva na bílé hoře) but when u try to give that name in infinitive like on the map in video, than its > Bílá Hora not bílé hoře. but great video as every other. love this channel. keep up at good work. :)
Hi from czech republic, very nice video, really dramatic, this is one of the saddest event in our history. I look forward for next episodes.
The great northern war would be a great series in the future!
Starting up on the series! Hope to finish by later this morning.
Some Czech language corrections
on the battle map for "White mountain"
1)There should be "Bílá Hora" not "Bílé hoře", because the first is the infinitive and this form should be used on the map
2)When you already used Czech characters for "Bílé hoře" and "Řepy" then you should also use it for "Scharka" which should be "Šárka"
3)It is not "Ruzyné" but "Ruzyně"
BTW I really liked the video, just trying to help as native Czech speaker
The infinitive forms applies to verbs, not nouns (as in "to be" is the infinitive of "are"). You meant the Nominative case.
@@yarpen26 yeah probably :D, ... it's been a while since I finished the school to remember the exact terminology
¡Por fin! THANK YOU SO MUCH. ITS SUCH AN UNDERRATED CONFLICT THAT SHAPED MODERN EUROPEAN DIPLOMACY.
What sources did you use for the army composition? Im having a hard time finding as detailed info as you guys.
Love the video btw.
This is gonna be quite a ride! Thanks for the new series, K&G.
30 years war is nice, but 80 years war would be even better!!!
The Netherlands demand it :D
*S P E C E R I J E N!*
I as a Dutchman agree! 👍👍
Nah
As a person of Spanish heritage I disagree.
A rematch maybe? Just kidding, it was a damm bloody war.
30 and 100 years war series are always welcome. Great part of history! 😍
Me: Huh 30 years is a very long time for an entire war
(Sees 80-Years War at 3:08)
Me: O_O
What about the hundred years war
Yeeeees thirty years’ war have been waiting for this so long. Awesome!
Its *Kings abd Generals time!* :)
Yes ! The thirty years war ! One of the most interesting and conflict in history, that is so overlooked by people in our times, despite in EXTREME impact that it had in Europe and the importance of its lessons, that still shape modern diplomacy
Another brilliant video :) However, I am going to keep suggesting a series on the Russo-Turkish wars ;D
I would love to see an Armies and Tactics video (or two!) about renaissance armies and their pike and shot tactics. It would go great with the Thirty Years War and Ottoman Wars series!
As a Czech, I THANK YOU SO MUCH!
Zdravím štěpáne
@@martinvyslouzil2163 Taky zdravím.
Well explained. This is a particularly complex period in history, and it's not that easy to understand the alliances, or the interests of the different parties.
So, an entire continent experienced 30 years of war because of a shitpost? Dayum...
That is why I always say - don't meme too close to the sun.
@@KingsandGenerals lmao. Also,
OMG, SENPAI REPLIED TO ME!!!
[fangirling intensifies]
The funniest thing, as I remember it, is that Martin Luther didn't want to found a new religion, he just wanted to reform and purify Catholicism of its corrupt elements. He was very against many of the people claiming to be his followers, iirc.
Why do you think Hillary was so afraid of that green frog known as "Channel 4"?
@@HeyImLucious green frog? I thought it was just some hacker backed by Moscow (totally)?
I’m learning about this in my 7th grade history/ social studies class and it’s actually and interesting topic.
His translation of the Bible into German....with alterations, everybody seems to forget that last part, but it’s important to the few people who care about such things
This, the Church had very little problem with bibles being translated into the vernacular, but not when you cut out books from the canon, and what ever else Luther tried to do.
The 30 Years War is super interesting. I'm looking forward to this series.
Please do the battle of Rocroi next !
Montjoie
The one where the tercios lost?
@@su_morenito_1948 Yes.
Montjoie
Well rn he’s covering the ottoman wars and the 30 years war so yeah it won’t take him a lot
Very interesting new series! I was already doing more research into the Reformation and the wars between Catholics and Protestants!
Martin Luther is the greatest shitposter of all time. Change my mind.
Maybe, but the Curia & College of Bishops did mostly have their heads up their asses for a while.
When you post your shit posting on the door of some old church and accidentally start one of the bloodiest periods of human history
He's more of an SJW
@@firmanimad He was quite the anti-semite later in his life, so nah.
@@firmanimad How? How on God's Green Earth is Martin Luther even remotely close to a SJW? His objections were not based on tolerance or marginalization of minorities. They were based on corruption in the Catholic Church and theological issues with the entire idea of a Papacy.
Martin Luther didn't give two flying fucks about minorities or the treatment of minorities in Catholic lands, or stratification in society or any of that shit. He was concerned about the fact that the Catholic Church was selling indulgences, that it was hoarding wealth, that its members were partaking in what he viewed as un-Christian practices.
Modern political phenomena and ideological issues are not AT ALL applicable to historical issues or movements. This was a time when the very underlying principles of postmodernism which form the core of the modern SJW ideology weren't even comprehensible for intellectual discourse. This was an era before even the idea of the nation state. I highly doubt that thinkers from feudal societies had anything in common with SJWs.
Ahh... it been a while since I heard the Empire Total War soundtrack..such music to my ears...Would love to see the continuation of this series...
Bohemia: can i have christianity?
Austria: we have christianity at home
Finally, can't wait for the next episodes! Great as usual!
Started with a single shitpost ended with 8+ Million people died
Now behold the power of butterfly effect
Been waiting for this. You didn’t disappoint one bit!
All shall tremble when the LION OF THE NORTH arrives! GOTT MIT UNS
This is great. Can’t wait for the next installment. Thank you!
7:50
Me: Why is Milan in Spain?
Habsburger: YES
Milan was one of the Italian territories owned by the Spanish crown at the time. It had been taken by Carlos I.
Thank you for the Pike and Shot episode, Kings and Generals! I cannot wait for more Thirty Years’ War presentations. Hopefully, you have the English Civil War on the cue soon!