Researchers Discovered New Time Crystals 😳
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- Опубліковано 10 чер 2024
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In this video I discuss New Photonic Time crystals and its potential applications.
The paper "Metasurface-based realization of photonic time crystals": www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
Timestamps:
00:00 - Introduction to Time Crystals
01:52 - First Experiments
02:32 - Quantum Time Crystals
05:19 - New Photonic Time Crystals
07:50 - Potential Applications of New Time Crystals
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Greetings. Do you intend to work in Avengers in Hollywood? The thumbnail indicates that you would be highly suitable.
Does this mean the Tardis exists or can exist.
About the mirror example, when light is reflected on it, the energy will not be exactly the same, since perfect mirrors that reflects 100% of light is impossible. However, there are dielectric mirrors that can reflect around 99.999% of the light's energy.
PS: The cat purring at the end was very wholesome.
No denying crystals have very accurate and constant frequency's ! A good example is the quartz used in watches which oscillates at 60 hrtz which keeps the accuracy in check !
@@scottymoondogjakubin4766 Yea, that's how CPU clock works as well
Quartz crystals oscillate between on and off output state when given an electric current, that's how CPUs and other high frequency chips iterate, because capacitors do really suck at this
You truly have a gift in explaining this very complicated subject. ❤. Please keep up the GREAT work.
Extremely interesting! This video is so addictive. I love videos on the border of engineering and weird physics😊
Same. Just sub'd after watching a few videos. Good stuff
The line dividing science fiction and science fact gets blurrier every week! Glad Anastasi's cat made a contribution at the end.
I still don't quite get time crystals, but your presentation brings me a few steps closer. Photonic computing has been promised for decades. It's good to see that it is creeping toward reality.
So they're difficult to understand because there really isn't a non- quantum (classical) analogue. You can think of this as a consequence of certain rules in quantum mechanics that "break down" when you try to explain it classically. There are other effects that are more familiar but appear to violate the laws of thermodynamics if you try to think about them classically: two well-known effects would be superconductivity and superfluidity.
Superconductivity allows you, for example, to create a current in a loop of wire that experiences no resistance and, so long as the material stays cold enough, would flow indefinitely. We know that for most materials, their resistance decreases as they cool down, but classically, there's no way to realize a material that has perfect conductivity. It's not that superconductors have extremely low resistance, they exhibit absolute zero resistance when the temperature drops below a certain point, a value known as the critical temperature, and this point is different for each material. The explanation for their behavior requires understanding quantum mechanics.
Instead of electrons behaving as individual particles, in superconductors, below the critical temperature, they form what are called "Cooper pairs" due to an attractive interaction mediated by lattice vibrations (phonons). These pairs of electrons behave collectively and move through the lattice without scattering, leading to the phenomenon of superconductivity.
Each Cooper pair is formed from two electrons with opposite spins and momenta, making the total spin zero. This allows them to behave like bosons, a type of particle that doesn't have the limitation of the Pauli exclusion principle, unlike electrons which are fermions. A multitude of these bosonic pairs can share the same quantum state. As these pairs are in the same state, it becomes impossible to distinguish one pair from another as they share the same quantum numbers describing their properties.
Above the critical temperature, when the material is not superconducting, the individual electrons that move around the crystal lattice of the conductor disrupt the positions of the individual atoms due to their charge, and the energy that is released when the lattice re-equilibrates is dissipated as heat. However, below the critical temperature, Cooper pairs form a state with lower energy than the normal state of individual electrons, with an energy gap to excitations. This energy gap prevents the breaking of Cooper pairs into individual electrons, and since there are no available states for Cooper pairs to scatter into, superconductivity with zero resistance is achieved. The "quantum" part that matters that is required for superconductivity to work as it does is that idea of an energy gap: there's a finite difference between the energy state of the Cooper pairs and the next lowest energy state, which is the splitting of the pairs back into individual electrons.
In classical physics, one of the underlying assumptions is that certain quantities (like energy, time, space, momentum, etc.) are continuous, meaning that one could add an infintesimal amount of energy or momentum to a system whereas quantum mechanics says that no, when you get down to really look at the particles, they can only jump between discrete values of certain quantities, energy being one of them.
As an analogy, consider rolling a ball up a ramp vs. rolling a ball up a staircase: if you put a tiny bit of force into the ball to push it up the ramp, it will move up a little bit, no matter how tiny the force is, and that is how energy behaves in classical physics. On the other hand, the staircase behaves like quantum physics: if you try to push the ball up a staircase, you need to apply enough force to push it up a whole step, or it won't move up at all.
OK, back to time crystals: so time crystals don't have an "energy gap" that prevents them from dissipating energy, but rather have two different "ground states" that osscilate back and forth based on how the system is driven. The interesting part is that although the system is being driven by an external force (like a laser), and seems to be doing something that requires energy to do (switch between two states), it doesn't actually absorb any energy from the driving force, rather it interacts with that input in a way that changes the ground state of the system (so the time crystal and the driver have their own quantum wave functions, but when those wave functions interact, the time crystal's ground state changes despite the interaction not transferring energy to the time crystal. Again, there is no analogue in classical physics, as any interaction that would change the behavior of a system requires some sort of exchange of force/energy/momentum.
Freezing light using very low temperatures and a kind of aerogel which blocks light in a container for 10_15secs light can't move but can it transmit information,we are looking to blocking light atleast 45mins
1:30 the way you giggle after saying the universe in general moves towards chaos
has got to be the cutest thing I ever heard ❤
What explains this phenomena is actually what's required of all explanations of physics. That is: all quants are the most fundamental entities, you can't divide them, you can only witness extra entities appearing in communications with other entities, and, well, all non-quantum entities such as all particles except for electrons and up/down-quarks, as I believe now, are simply sustainable patterns in, yes, spacetime. And what's important to realize is that this much of these patterns appear because the universe is, truly in fact, a product of logics, with lots of harmonics and exponential laws (Zipf's law is especially interesting in real life) and other simple math formulas. Presisely this number of elements in our periodic table simply comes from the fact that our universe is three-dimensional in its geometry (Laguerre polynomials & spherical harmonics). The universe ain't hard, undersanding it is a matter of looking at many sources of thoughts though. Academias don't help much.
That purring was quite something wearing headphones 😄
I'm not smart enough to grasp all of that, but i could listen to you explaining things for hours...😊
Best way I can explain, you shine a light on a mirror but the reflection is brighter! The mirror is a material that we humans created and is not found in nature.
Awesome video and an amazing way to explain something this complex.
It would be cool with a video where you explain the difference between some quantum computers. Like IBM, Google, IONQ
Great video!
The thing about the Second Law of Thermodynamics is that is isn't really a law, in the true sense of the word. That's because it describes the results of a statistical probability of a particular outcome. Ergo, it can be broken and if it can be broken, it can't be a law (of physics).
Extememly unlikely that we would ever observe this directly because the statistical probablities pile up with scale and we're just way too big. On a quantum level though, it gets broken all the time (pardon the pun).
It is this statistical probability of outcomes that governs increasing entropy and most probably the direction of time. Therefore, time needn't always move in the same direction, on the quantum scale.
The clip from Dr Who Dr punching his way through a mountain of diamond over 2 billion years was one of the most profound moments in the series.
Anything that expands our understanding of our scientific laws like the creation of time crystals are equally profound. This is exciting news.
I'm so glad that you Actually put a link to the paper!
It was easily accessible and I had no problem saving it into my digital library!
You got multiple snorting giggles out of me on this one. Thank you for your time.
If I understood correctly, this eliminates clock cycles from computer memory as there is no energy cost for storing information, it is a pure state engine. If you wanted to make a TARDIS, this technology would be necessary.
It's like being beside Plank when he found a fix to the Ultraviolet Catastrophe... his very small and so famous constant... not understanding why it works and not knowing at the time it was the start of a great revolution...
Fabulously interesting and exciting subject, new to me, that you presented so clearly and with excitement. From what I have gathered from researching the subject after watching your video, a time crystal ground state exists as two values and oscillates between them without needing external power. It does not violate the laws of Thermodynamics as no power is drawn and none can be extracted, but it can be used, as you show, for potential applications in quantum computers. In some ways these time crystals are like atoms that, according to Maxwell's equations, can not exist as the electron orbitals should radiate energy and decay, but there are no lower energy states and so atoms do exist. Thank you so much for drawing my attention to this subject which is extremely fascinating.
Happy 100k! Been following you since your 10k, congratulations! I'm glad you're getting better!
Thank you
@@AnastasiInTech no worries, let's keep that counter going up!! Have a beautiful day!
I've tried reading long, confusing articles about quantum time crystals, but they were dull and I didn't learn anything. But you have a gift for making complex things simple and easy to understand. I can't thank you enough!
I think it should be mandatory you have kitty cat in every video. :)
I also think it would be fun if you do a more personal video maybe sometime? Like answer questions about what got you excited to go into computer architecture, Where have you already gone to school, how many languages you speak? What is name of kitty cat? ... just fun life questions about you that do not give away any personal security, but things about you that help us to know you better? Do you have any other websites? It would be nice to know more about this amazing super girl that tells us all about technology things! :)
When someday there’s an application published about this, it must be an extremely expensive application, only a big company with huge capital can afford it in the first place.😅
Thank you for explaining how time crystals work. 😊😊
This UA-cam channel is just amazing I'm telling you ❤
This is a really amazing discovery. Thanks for the video!
I’ve followed you since you had a few hundred subscribers! I’ve loved watching your progress and your awesome passion for the sciences!!!! ❤
Thank you ☺️
Your chanel is certainly underappreciated, good job as always 👌
Next, I am asking Chat CPT to explain the Time crystal in simple language.
Thanks for a great topic Anastasi
Cheers!!!
Time crystals were also featured on *Star Trek: Discovery* with respect to the story of Captain Christopher Pike (Anson Mount).
Plasma torroids and time crystals are going to be nuts
Wow, this is soo cool and insane in the same time!
Thank you for your updates 👍
Metamaterials arent simply materials that cannot be found in nature. They are materials which have a structure within them that is uniform throughout the material. The structure is responsible for additional material properties in addition to the properties it has based on it's atomic or molecular composition.
Experiment on this stuff will be amazing thanks
Thanks again Anastasi for another brilliant movie on mesmerizingly interesting research - and again it is the first time I've heard about this quantum variant and it's most likely game changing applications. I've subscribed to your channel for 2+ years and I really do not understand why you still only have 100K subs?? It's ALOT of people by any measure, granted, but there are litterally no contributors to tech news that cover these topics at all - Some of them seem to have millions of subs while way less interesting than most of your work. ..To me that's Nuts.
at least 1 fraction missing from the riddle is the content here is not really commercially applicable to consumer goods, so even the YT algorithm struggles in increasing its own subscription model, but groundbreaking scientific disruption will always threaten what already exist to fulfill new creations and even so, Anastasia shall keep on walking their path to the unknown...
Very deep high quality content. Keep it up!
I always felt the conception of aromaticity as the flow of electrons between resonant structures adding to the stability of the molecule bordered on work for free, but in a ridiculously small way. Off topic comment, I apologize.
edit: Thanks for the vid letting us know about this paper. It's great to see you be so excited about these really amazing structures. Keep up the great work!
You migth be right. I would ponder and suggest that the chemical being "smelled" modulates the structure of the nerves electricity flowing. This shift is what is interpreted as the presence of a specific chemical. That is why any particular smell is related to a specific molecule. Smell are like inprints of the chemical structure onto another more "maleable" stream of energy (the electricity flowing through the nerves).
@@NeuraLevels Ahh, ic. In this case i meant aromaticity in the chemical sense, where adjacent carbons in a ring share electrons at two different energy levels (long way to say carbon double bonds where the one bond uses resonance structures to smear electron density around the molecule; like in Benzene
Great video. Good explanation. Thanks!
So do those time crystals just oscillate between two states or can we use them to compute like we do with a reversible cellular automaton? To make things simple, can we make a linear feedback shift register (with about 15 or so bits, and to make things simple, let's just use the primitive polynomial x^15+x+1 so we only need the minimal number of taps) go through 100 cycles with those time crystals?
Yes, now get on it
@@robertmartens7839 Do you have a source?
You have changed the way I view and think about supercomputing. I hope to see more new and updated material on quantum computers and photon quantum computers as well. We need to jump start this new reality today.
Thanks for your great content, simply brilliant break down of these advanced concepts.
Your videos are exceptional. They are indepth, concise and entertaining. I must admit that I do get distracted because you are just unfairly beautiful and your voice is like music. I keep looking for telltale signs that you are a computer program but I don't see graphics. I think you will probably outgrow this platform and take the world by storm one day possibly not even in a related subject matter but whatever you do the world needs more of it. Thank you for this content you are a star Anastasia.
:)))
Wireless communication enhancement will be great impact of time crystals as the waves are highly inefficient with existing tech.
Great video , can't wait to build a home photonic computer,
Its still energy the moment osculation occurs. Being composed of light its already composed of a form of energy. So when reviewing the subject they are not creating energy or putting more energy into the structure because its already present in the structure. Its like the fallacy of the "double split" experiment here the methods used to "observe" essentially splits a proton into two protons causing it to seem to be in two places simultaneously and it simply recombines being at the same frequency back into its original singular state.
Its like the error or misleading images we are shown with electrons as some spheroid isolated object when in reality its actually more of a shapeless haze with a negative charge but becomes a positron if has a positive charge. A photon is similar (light particle) being itself composed of electromagnetic waves but lack mass or charge. That's why its not actually a violation of physics. Its just another property of the same physics.
As stated they use a laser to change spin which occurs with quarks. Causing that change of spin doesn't have to result in entropy because its not being done in a way with the intention of destroying the structure. If the structure were to be "destroyed" or broken apart then entropy (chaos) occurs as a result of fragmentation.
Amazing and kind of weird. The realities of nature keep surprising us. Thanks for sharing Anastasi. Love your channel
Klingons had time crystals...
Enterprise also has it, isn’t it?🤔
@@willykang1293
The Enterprise has dilithium crystals.
It's almost like scientists don't have much creativity and they're all geeks!
Had? Have the lost them? Isn’t the point that they last over time?
@@willykang1293Why do they say "beam me UP!" though? Why UP?
I love your voice! It is very relaxing.
Time crystals sound something like neutrino oscillation. No net energy change, but there is a state change.
Congratz for 100k!🥳🖖
Thanks for the explanation
you are so beautiful. and your voice is heavenly. the joy you exude when discussing topics which you care about, emanates such warmth. Much love to you.
I agree, photonic time crystals and photonic quantum computing are the game changers for the humam race and AI. But more importantly, that gray cat in the video is a beauty : )
Thank you!
Congratulations 🎉 with the 100K subs!
always very interesting and engaging videos,congratulations.
Thanx for another great video! Waiting for the next one. ;)
Atomic weapon at the end of the video! Btw I started reading about time crystals maybe 2 years ago, initially didn't sound like something interesting.
Your information, analysis and explanations are greatly appreciated.
There is something extremely attractive about someone who shares their knowledge and does it very well. You are very beautiful and appreciated.
My question… are these time crystals just theoretical for now?
You said they have been made in a quantum computer. But does that mean that it is a tangible thing that has been made? Or is this like another quantum computer simulation of what time crystals would be if they did exist?
My first thought when you mentioned the in phase amplification of photons was also lasers.
Another question… if a photon can interfere with itself to amplify itself… does that break the first law of thermodynamics? Would that system have more energy after this amplification than when it started? Where does the amplified energy come from?
Super interesting topic.
Thanks
And the cat purring is excellent.
The smaller 3D thing the closer it to 4D wich is energy itself.
My mind is blown with this info. Soon you will break 100k. Well deserved for your hard research. Thanks
Oh wow love and light, with beautiful emotions.
It seems that the crystal repeats a sequence of arrangements in time ad infinitum from just an initial input of laser energy. But does the crystal's behaviour produce energy? Could you 'slow down' the time crystal by interacting with its process and create heat for example?
Photonic Time Crystals defy entropy, when we can produce them in the 4th dimension then all humans will truly have the potential to do virtually anything.
Anastasi, this is a fascinating concept. This phenomenon in nature, coupled with technology in my opinion hypothetical could be more rooted in the basis of principles and conditions reality truly functions under. Thank you for video! Chow!
It's certainly interesting. Seems a bit like we're just in the observational stage of understanding at the moment, but hopefully our knowledge of this and it's applications will increase with time. Seems like there's a lot to unlock here that will expand our knowledge about the universe. The parallel closest to the level of understanding would be like how we once thought the world was flat, but now know it is round. I think the discovery of these time crystals are like the first time someone noticing the curvature of the horizon and postulating that all is not as it once seemed.
The world was flat before and it always will be flat. How could the earth go from being flat to suddenly being a sphere? Use your brain
congrats to 100k 🎉
If at any time I have to read a paper on why these work and the author is like... "Well, magic?" I'll just have to nod to myself and think, "For the ever-growing list of irrational stuff that I guess shouldn't work but it just does, this is as good a reason as any at this point... 🤨"
( my personal list kicked off with particle-wave duality and irrational numbers, then somehow got even weirder... )
bonus kitteh ftw =] , always appreciate the sounds of a cute purr-box
If you agitate / resonate two dissimilar objects or people or pets, to a point where they reach a shared harmonic. Quantum entanglement / morphic resonance take place within this region…
Wow, super interesting! Hard to wrap my head around it though xD
It was cool to hear you say your name, and Sophie ASMR too
Time crystals! I ponder what else they can make now? If they can create new molecular photonic meta materials can you imagine the reduction in overall size of ALL tech equipment , if it goes main stream? Wow!
I know meta materials have been around for awhile. Not so surprisingly they have been used in camouflage for military applications. Literally for "bending light around mass" to create an illusion of invisibility!
Great post and thanks for mentioning they exclude the actual production methodologies! Trade secrets I would think they want to protect...
I genuinely appreciate the time and quality of your work!
Always wishing you the best of everything!
A subscriber :-)
Thanks for the update on photonic light-time crystals. It's not surprising that science can't explain how the crystals appear to oscillate with no energy, however, the limitations of our observation ability are likely to blind us from what's happening. we'll see what ai comes up with in the near future!
This is a very exciting new technology ideas for computing like making synthetic diamonds instead of using Quartz crystals ! Piazo..😎👍
Just love hearing this young woman speak! I'm signing up now!!! 💕💘💯
That Google quantum computer has an archaic steampunk look to it - it reminds me of the U. Pennsylvania ENIAC (cutting edge at the time, but looking so different to modern PCs while being essentially the same as them save for the speed / size / memory capacity and power consumption). In regards to time crystals - whether you consider it strange re the lack of power consumption / laws of thermodynamics stuff all boils down to what you mean by 'change'. I mean, is any 'mass' actually being accelerated through 'space'?
What about a large macroscopic system like a solar system, whose constituent planets & moons are in motion, having periodicity without energy input?
*How is that different from a "time crystal"?* ❓
So cute 😊❤
Thank u for the video , did not know about this .
1:35 "...moves towards chaos." I think Rochester, New York RIT etc. is invested in photonics. It considers itself the "image capital of the world" because of its history with Kodak, optics and lasers.
That is truly fascinating. I could see it changing the world just like AI is doing now.
Please post more also I’m going to try your pateron
Super cool! 🎉 Scientists discover and engineers build amazing things, but not even in the age of AI anyone touches the hard problem of consciousness 😢
Even though there has been some advancements on neuroscience and philosophy of mind. There's still no current scientific method to measure consciousness or sentience. That's why is called "hard problem" in the first place.
@@martiddy Yes, really sad. I wish more ressources were spent on the hard problem.
I tend to believe the consciousness it’s just an emergent property. “Consciousness just might be an emergent aspect of of complexity” John Dr KnowitAll.
@@trent_carter It's plausible, its also plausible that we will see actual proof of this soon.
@@trent_carter This is the reason why I believe that AI can and will become a sentient being one day. However, once is created, I don't think we will realize that is sentient immediately, because is a hard thing to measure.
Congrats on the sponsership. @anastasi you are a great educator, and content creator! Keep up the great work!
I admit that I'm prone to flying off into fits of science fiction, but ever since I heard about time crystals back in 2012, I've had it in my mind that if you simulate a time crystal on a quantum computer... it would actually create a time crystal. :D Probably not - but I can't shake that gut feeling. LOL The reason I think this... as the quantum computer runs the algorithm to simulate a time crystal, it will per force create a sequence of superpositional states that recur in space and time. I know, I know... I'm crazy. :D
If Quantum Computers can create reality the consequences would break the AI singularity before you had time to turn it off and on again.
Honestly, it wouldn't really be creating anything. It would just be manipulating its qubits in a way that emulated a time crystal. The qubits would already exist. Heck, the time crystal-like behavior wouldn't even be the same as the time crystal being simulated. Though, since I'm given to flights of wild conjecture, it could be that this hypothetical artificial time crystal may be a fractal in which you could find all the states of the simulated crystal at any given point in time. You know - like taking the Mandlebrot set and finding the Julia set within it (again and again and again).
I love the fuzzy kitten!
I really appreciate your content🎉
This repeating pattern is related to wave function collapse? Greetings, Anastasi, Ciao!
Very interesting, love photonics
If time is a dimension, the idea of structures being built using that dimension seems reasonable.
Possible to stack few cristals to create time ripples as a way of sending information back and forth?
There's a desktop conversation piece. It's like a roller coaster, at the end it pops up, and into a funnel to repeat with no extra energy input. Kinda like a time crystal????
If you think about it matter just seems like crystalline light. Someone was talking about a theory based on this idea. I believe the matter we observe are bubbles that rise up out of the quantum foam in the quantum field theory.
What happens if we create a light amplifying loop? If on each pass, the light is amplified, do we promptly violate thermodynamics?
Time crystals, photonic cpu's, AI.. this is mind blowing, i havemy first 8bit computer ...
I've spent a lifetime trying to figure out basic computation devices. I may not live to see the benefits of time crystals but if they hurry the development, can it be used to revert me to a younger age? ;-)
I bet time crystals will never actually be used, but the theoretical quantum version where data changes with time and accessing the timestamps is an interesting idea, you are totally right though there are tons of applications to this discovery, including a physical model using kinetic energy, could be interesting. Anyways I hope you read this, I would like to say you seem like you would be a good inventor. Your video was awesome, I literally absorbed the knowledge and will consider the implications and come up with some ideas for myself. Thanks
If you have time crystal that switch between two states with no energy input, and input energy that is in coherence the oscillation of the time crystal, it could be used to amplify energy in cascading series of waves. A time crystal made of meta material could process data, and power it's self at the same time. Okay, that doesn't make sense. What am I missing?
LASER bounces backwards and forwards so like Teslar said about frequency
It is extremely interesting! Also, I wonder if they could be found in nature as well. Especially in connection as attracktors in the electric fields over cell-collectives etc
Have no doubt these crystals will add to our research on very real ways...incidentally a preemptive congratulations on reaching the 100k subs. Looking forward to the next...and that lovely cat. Cheers
We need to have a conversation from a difference from a time crystal from a time particle
Quatum computer is sooo interesting!!! Im really hoping it also gives us more real time control to scale resolving fluid simulations to, not just for aerodynamics, but you can create analogs with fluid dynamics and quantum physics/cosmology.
P.S. these topics are interesting af, subbed 💪💪