3d Printed Compressed Air Turbine
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- Опубліковано 8 кві 2022
- In this video I'll experiment with some designs for a 3d printed compressed air turbine. I started this project because I wanted to research better designs for steam turbines without spending the time and money required to CNC the parts out of metal, and i got results that were almost good enough to be usable for a light duty shop tool. The highest power i measured with a simple 2D turbine on 50 PSI was 16.4 watts. I did all my power measurements with a magnetic dyno.
I also built an aftercooler to remove some moisture out of the air, because I eventually want to use a compressed air turbine for the expansion phase of a brayton refrigeration cycle for cryogenic cooling (if i can get the turbine efficient enough).
Both turbine designs i tried in the video use a 1/16" diameter nozzle insert that's CNC'ed out of aluminum. The results at the end of the video are both shown at 50 PSI.
STL Files:
www.thingiverse.com/thing:534...
Music:
Kevin MacLeod - Groove Groove
Eric Skiff - Underclocked
Kevin MacLeod - George Street Shuffle
The balls you have to grip that plastic turbine spinning at thousands of rpm with your bare hands are massive.
I’m drawn in to your channel as the thought process you exhibit along with your need for knowledge, solving each question along the way with yet another project or experiment using mostly the materials you have on hand
This need for knowledge and understanding of everything in our path is an addiction as much as it is anything else 😂🤦♂️
hi dieselsmiths, have you become a flat earther yet?
I like they way you keep track of data it's so professional
Totally underrated channel, obsessed with your high voltage builds! I’d love to see a re-vamped Tesla coil!
Man you have a CNC mill this whole time? You've been holding out on us!
This was a great production man, I'll be following, and thanks for all the hard work and documentation of that work and efforts. Just a wonderful job.
Nice video. I would like to give you some tipps for your next video since my studies included a lecture on turbomachinery.
At 0:40-1:00 you show a sketch of your first turbine design and while the rotor ist stationary it's great. The problem is that as the turbine spools up the angle of the incomming air is changing, if you view it from the moving reference frame of the rotor (imagine the blade at 1:00 moving upwards, from its perspective the air particles are comming in at a shallower angle, almost at 90 deg). This means that your first design produces optimal torque only when stationary, which is obviously not good for power. I think this is a major reason why the first design didn't work as well. Fixes include a steeper nozzle angle or a different blade geometry. I hope this helps you have even more success in your next video.
To expand on that idea - you could also try and add additional stages with static blades in between to correct the direction of airflow, like in a conventional steam turbine.
that eddie current clutch is an awesome idea really nice thought
Excellent video, nice quality, nice work
Impressive skills, thanks for sharing with us. Kudos Sir!
Great job! Very interesting! Thank you very much!
Very great and interesting Videos!
I think your channel is very underrated!! Keep going!
you are a genius scientist thanks professor
Fascinating stuff!!
Dude, you are a wizard
Nice work...im also working on different turbines and so far best result was closed up cetrifuge fan turbine...witch does not require complicated casing....it was 2 discs on shaft diameter 15 centimiters and one centimiter between. Inside 8 blades slightly bent..
When nozzle blows it uses a lot of forces including Venturi force to let air inside turbine...and as soon air traps inside it exits from all 8 sides spinning it even more....
Cheers from Ukraine
Great video. There is one thing I did not understand: the thermal issue you mentioned with the PLA. At the nozzle, the air actually expands, cooling down the air at that point. The heat is generated in the compressor. So, unless the air coming out of the tank is still very hot, you have nothing to worry about.
On a hot, humid day without the aftercooler the output from the regulator was still surprisingly warm, but I think that's because I was free-flowing it and the flow wasn't choked like it is in the nozzle.
The more important thing is to get rid of the moisture because (in my fantasy world) I'd like to use a turbine for a Brayton refrigeration cycle to liquify air
I initially came here to say this, too. Then i thought about it; if you have a load on the turbine, there will be pressure inside it (air still compressed/hot) and it will cool down only after it meets atmospheric pressure. Right?
I feel like the first rotor could be improve by changing the nozzle angle as speed increases. You could also change the radius of the scoops and change how the exhuast works
Since you are using compressed air already; have you considered using graphite|carbon air bearings? I realize the rotor will need to be dynamically balanced but after watching several hours of your videos I'm quite confident you've got the ability to make a balancer.
Very nice!
Neat presentation.
Great vid! Guessing it would be relatively simple to put a planetary gearbox on the nose. Retired and just starting to have fun with this stuff. Low cost of printers and software lets anyone get their foot in the door. Thanks for the share...
I build a similar turbine to run electric generators off grid in North Texas. I have solar panels hooked to small air compressors that slowly compress air into my 2,000-gallon receiver system.
My "turbine" is a brass spur gear running on shaft needle points, turning worm & down gear, driving a generator of my own design.
My generators priduce either house current or d.c.
They turn slowly (400ish rpm) because the exciter circuitry is held off center on a large moment arm. This reduces noise, heat and wear.
I like watching your pla printer though. But for me, I like to make things simpler.
I'm autistic. 😊
Really impressive. Very surprised 3d printed turbines can take that speed, had any explode yet?
No, but i try to keep body parts away from the plane of rotation just in case
Lol
@@HyperspacePirate its a matter of time!!!!
@@HyperspacePirate study delaval,,
@@HyperspacePirate you seems to be very skilled in this model building, i have one strange proposal for building model of internal combustion rotary engine. Rotor of the engine would be similar to the air turbine with three notches you showed in one of the videos, but instead being notches they should be cavities for the combustion. Air compression is achieved through snail like intake outside of the motor casing and place for intake in cavities is towards the base of the notches while outtake should be toward the outer end of notches. So this turbine is in circular shape because of the closed notches that creates cavities for combustion. You just have to figure out where to put all this intake injection spark and outtake phases in proportion to cavities rotation. And i think motor should start in higher rpm for better air fuel compression. Maybe this idea is bit off but i really wonder if is viable. Sorry if my proposal sounds kind of demanding, i saw that you like this various kinds of rotational system modeling so I thought that this idea might be interesting to you, if is not totally out of any logic.
i like the KSP music in the background
More destructive testing please :D
nice! So need to see if you can make some gear down (planetary gear) stuff to see if you can increase torque
Such a great build!
Looking forward to the multistage results
It would be really interesting to see the results of power between your static rotor balance and a dynamic rotor balance, which is much more sensitive. Dynamic balance isn't as hard as it sounds. I've done it with the trial and error method, where I mount the full assembly on a somewhat flexible beam, and then measured its vibration amplitude under rotation with a dial test indicator. move a test mass around on the rotor until amplitude is minimized. I would be very curious to see if the rotor was able to accelerate to a higher power.
Nice video. My suggestions would be to use a 3D-Printer Nozzle as your Nozzle-Insert.
And use more of them. Impulse turbines typically have an injection plate to balance thrust loads across the impulse wheel. Also using oilite bushings would improve high rpm performance by limiting friction losses and improving stiffness.
Extremely expensive and inefficient, but if the air is free it's free electricity.
80% of the world's energy is produced this way
Not with compressed air though
Well, of course the air is free, and the energy that is extracted with the air is easily added was merely adding much more electricity than will ever be extracted!
You could just hook it up to a bike pump or connect to a boiler and use steam
steam is free @@zer0her058
Super cool video! Can't believe you're not better known. Are you an aerospace engineer?
A real engineer
insane Engineering
For calibration put your rotor axis on the two parallel blades fom paper knife which leveled to the ground. It is will be better than bearings
Interesting results. Look like Catia for the 3D software a really powerful software. With the second design it look a bit like a pelton turbine.
Multiple nozzles, like 10 with a manifold for the compressed air and a LOT more volume of air for all the nozzles. That thing would pump out some power and then EXPLODE as it reached 250 to 400 thousand RPM. If your going to do that have some one who works with steel built a steel box to put around it. Needs to be 1/2 inch thick and be welded together by some one who knows how to weld at a high level. This is because when it goes BOOM you want that energy to be contained and not get to your body.
I don't know what the point of this is but that does not make it any less fascinating. Cool stuff man.
windmill driving a compressor could be interesting. Would be nice to see a bigger tank regulated down and how long it could run. Maybe charge a capacitor or battery bank with enough output.
this is very cool :-)
Excellent work! I think it shouldn't be too hard to convert this to a water turbine for a small "off-grid" generator.
The Kerbal music hits home
Have you seen inside pneumatic tools? The volume is maximized by allowing the flat blades to extend and retract with off-center rotation.
I would love to try this!
Is there anyway I can download these to print myself?
Awesome vide
I’ve subbed
Poppy
Hi Hyperspace Pirate, great video and data presentation!
if i may ask, how would the 2D air scoop turbine will perform compared to an air vane turbine?
i guess it will outperform the vane in terms of high rpm capability.
What if you made the outlets of the scooped engine be at an angle? With the straight outlets, the airflow has to make a sudden turn before exciting which I believe might reduce performance. And maybe offsetting the intake and exhaust could help boost the performance too!
Considering how much better the simpler 2D design performed, it might however be unnecessary to try to further explore that design
"I don't have a lathe for the moment"
Ohhh is that a cheeky little reference to a future project by any chance?
Dude, subscribed....
You can always use a hypodermic needle of set size as a liner
Magnets in the rotor. The eddy current will smooth out unbalanced vibration
would be cool to see a video modifying the cnc to be a lathe
Great video! I tried to build the turbine after your example. I got a question regarding that: How to do you fix the vertical positon of the rotor in its housing? The axis is mounted via two bearings on both sides but the axis can slip through lightly due to the strong vibrations until the rotor is colliding with the housing and comes to a stop... what am i missing?
This is promessing method for making a high flow low pressure air compressor suitable for sandblasting
If you use Laval nozzle, you can significantly boost the outlet gas velocity. Works for pressure ratios higher than 0.521.
Yes, definitely. I'm going to address that in part II of the video. At the moment, the reason I haven't used that type of nozzle is because I don't have the proper tools to make them the appropriate size
@@HyperspacePirate 3d printing is good enough for the compressed air. I've done similar turbine experiments with 8bar (116 PSI) and its was totally ok. I used ASA with vapor smoothing, but PLA should do the same job, if you set enough of perimeters.
The Tesla turbine design is possibly the best, though the difference between those two rotors is impressive.
The Pelton turbine model works with compressed air?
How much torque do you think it could produce under a load? What if you used a convergent divergent nozzle?
Great video pal. This is really interesting subject matter.. I've only just turned 50 bro and I'm getting into this stuff only now. I began with finding I had a real passion for woodworking and that brought me onto CNC machines and after 6 months of watching videos and trying to learn a little I'm going to attempt my own build now..
I have no experience whatsoever but I was watching a video last night which said these Arduino boards could only take 12V of power?
Do u know if that is true bro? I'm asking bcos I thought u may know that from the type of work u are doing. Is the voltage something that is very important going through these controllers bcos I don't want to burn them out.
I just saw the smoke coming off the resistors on ur board there.
I've began working for an electronics company a feww months ago. I have no experience at all but I'm beginnig to learn from the ppl there. I don't build boards or anything like that. Well they have a guy who designs the boards for them and then they get them made in China. How difficult are they to design? I only began to see that these boards have a lotta layers to them. U can visibly see that when u look closely at them which I wasn't aware of. I didin't really think about it before. Now I'm going to watch a video on this subject after I leave ur video man.
I think they work u do here is brilliant my bro so keep it up. I'm loving these videos bcos u actually explain what and why ur doing these things which makes it far more interesting than somebody speeding through their video with no explainations..
Thanks bro. Really enjoyed this video and how u CNC'd that nozzle too.. That was awesome to see the CNC doing that even though the lathe would be better I suppose? That's another thing I will be getting into my shop too. I used Lathe's many years ago but not enough to be expert in them. Love ur channel bro. Salute from IRELAND
airbrush adapters might help.
You don't want V2 to be smaller than V1! The component that's vertical on the picture changes sign. The larger that component is in V2, the more momentum has been transferred.
There is a lot of pressure loss in the long thin nozzle. The nozzle channel should be wide until it narrows to the final outlet diameter at the end. Yes it's hard to manufacture
I'm just entering the 3-D printing space and was wondering what filaments you recommend for loadbearing parts and also the types/brands of PLA you use?
Depends on the load conditions. Generic PLA is plenty strong if the parts are sufficiently dimensioned ;) but as far as I know, people tend to go for PETG if toughness is a concern.
The OD of the nozzle isn't "mauled" - it's "irregularly knurled" for a tighter fit 😄
Which 3D software Program are you using to design the turbine?
i just like the physics words
Can you recycle the flow and Only have one exhaust?
By the way, this tubine can work in both directions of air flow.
Did you measure air flow? How many liters per minute?
Hello All. I have a favor to ask: Is there a good text book or handbook I could read to learn the theory behind different types of blades? I want to learn more about compressing/pressurizing air. Thank you.
Love it. But that axle is humongous. It might be more balanced if the axle were fitted to the turbine.
Add a gear casing to increase torque
First rotor suffered from decrease in air pressure due to angle of input. Centralising input as you did with CNC rotor would have been better.
As would increase in inlet nozzles
Nice vid though
Air bearings would lessen friction though that's down the line!
rod doesnt need to be balanced better.. :D needs to be straight... awesome work anyway mate!
Cool. Well, you've got that genius mind. the scientist mind !
U gotta double check the linearity on the eddy current brake design. I haven't explored those, but the linearity is very sus ! Is it really that perfect ? I've done decades of science research and that is rare. super rare !! I suggest trying to alter the linearity to find the variables. Maybe throw a torch on the aluminum block to check that heat isn't effecting the drag >> it's eventually going to get hot. Magnetism is def affected by heat. I guess if it stays within a certain range it could be linear... I'm curious to know caz I would definitely use this technique :) Plus, i want to see you succeed :))
Also, you say "steam turbine." is this for electrical generation ? or are you literally going to make steam powered hand tools ? =wild =cool =steampunk?
If this eddy current >> gram scale dyno is linear. Woa that would be cool caz when using electromagnets/normal dyno the speed vs power output is no where near linear. It definitely tops off/has limit & is dependent on inductances of the circuitry. There are LOADS of variables... Another reason I think the linearity is sus is caz most magnetic forces follow the square curve. ya know the inverse square law thing...
Last thing is >> your mind is brilliant >> be careful you aren't going too deep in the details >> meaning >> you may have already reached your goal !! It's good practice to outline the requirements of the end device. 1.) How much rpm required? 2.) how much torque needed to perform the work ? 3.) size constraints ? 4.) Energy storage/efficiency requirements. When you have those outlined for the tools your going to make. Then all that is required is to get the turbines to fulfill those needs.
yadig ?
- Blessings & good luck -
why didn't you just mill the barb into the nozzle?
Hello, may i ask what size of bearing did you uesd? Or anybody have idea?
I've had that same meter forever.
I have that same meter for putzing around the house. 🤣🤣 It's certainly $10 crap but it works.
How many volts does it take to power an electric engine
I'm not up to speed on my turbine technology, but how would the efficiency of your designs compare to that of a Tesla turbine?
No idea. I don't really know much about Tesla turbines
Tesla turbines were not found to be extremely torque efficient at such sizes but had some advantages in being bladeless and not suffering the same wear. This design is a good one and closer to industrial blades. Best estimated average efficiency of Tesla Turbine I could find was from a Standford paper claiming around 40%, which could theoretically be increased by increasing the disc size surface area such as stacking more layers or using a larger geometry altogether. Best estimate of current micro pneumatic turbines are somewhere around 20% efficient, with some claiming upwards of 50%, at least when it comes to micro turbines used in precision spindle machining. Seems like that would put easier larger sized devices somewhere in the 50% range as well at best, with steam turbines being closer to 90% and above. You get the efficiency with logic controlled electric but the turbine won't burn out the same. So the less investigated realm of these seems to be around this size. Not quite micro but like small fan sized. Something which can be improved upon beyond the single disc bladed level for some kind of milling or other machining etc which is a pretty good idea.
@@Magneticitist search tesla turbine and look for the channel 'jeremiah' . That guy did some amazing work. The vids speak for themselves :)
Merhaba parçaların listesini ve ölçülerini paylaşa bilir misiniz thingiverse de
2:35 Kerbal is that you?
how did you couple the shaft to the motor?
It's a collet for a motor meant to grip a drill bit / end mill, but you could also just use a shaft coupler with a set screw
Try using a Curtis stage turbine
You should buy a taig mini lathe! Small and cheap and strong enough to turn aluminum and light steel
He'd be better off buying a used Atlas and converting it to CNC as a project.
@@kmoecub if he has the space, sure. An atlas will outdo most other accessible lathes. But they're big and heavy and annoying to move lol
👍
well looky here! yup! the key is sending the load, then offloading it with minimal friction! start a company!
What is ENOVIA? And how much is it? Solidworks user that is sick of the instability and the cost.
To the cost of a car... Annual license. Honestly I enjoy using fusion 360 more than Catia
what about a double scoop design like a pelton turbine
Works better for water/other incompressible fluids. Not so effective for gas turbines
How's that submarine going?
You forgot to measure the speed of the compressor as it moves over the floor.
Why not sure the design of a tesla turbine?
2:02 next project.
First, where bearing?
Fiirst terbine outlet is 2nd turbine in lete
why not you use tesla bladeless turbine ?
19+W... not bad for something that fits in the palm of your hand.. whatever happened to your multiple rotor project... can you "bump up" the Pressure and Output with this 3D Printing Concept to 4000PSi(???) ...20-30KW... Then one can run a CAV... Compressed Air Vehicle too...
Just found your channel that is very interesting DIY thinkering stuff. I did a full course on turbomahinery and a big part of it was how to calculate the blade geometry a.k.a. figuring out the velocity triangles. I may be able to help here if you have specifics in mind like hit some X amount of power using X GPM @ X psi. Let me know. Cheers.
i need your help
If u ll fit so many turmine in single presure
air driving turbine itself will cool down,no need to hv cooling coil.
I am looking for small air turbines for commercial use. Do you know of manufacturers making these. I would really appreciate any assistance.
You'd probably be best off with a pneumatic vane motor
Do you think this is better than a Tesla Turbine...?