Thanks for all the tutorials! Your channel has been a life saver. I’m a lighting designer currently learning projection mapping for a show in a 900 seat theatre. I’m projection mapping the walls, proscenium, stage, etc.
Great intro and tutorial here Georgia. I have no formal experience or knowledge on this side of the projection of visuals on objects, so appreciate your video here. Many thanks. D.
Credit where due... awesome work here. Great video. If I can pull it off I'll have 2 happy kids at xmas time when they see the house lit up. Great work here and many thanks for making this video.
Very clear, well described and at a manageable speed. Thank you. Your tutorials are better than the SW developers!, trying to learn most mapping SW programmes at the moment so this really helped
Thanks for sharing, doing my own projections right now. There is much more work then meets the eye when creating content. At least the mapping part, which is critical, is eased by your tutorials.
@@LumaBox I initially followed your original 5 part series (which are awesome BTW) and modified my workflow based on that. I am using After Affects, but it can get quite challenging at times. I looked into MadMapper and was intrigued how well it would fare to House projections. For example, masking sub layers and such.
@@LumaBox I first followed your tuts from A-Z using the guide method, I then decided to simply use outlines. I'll try MadMapper next using the free trial to see if I prefer it. Thanks again for your great work!
@@NicChap Thanks for replying. I'm keen to know how people are finding my tutorials. I definitely get the sense that more people are using the outline method. I want to make videos that will help the most people 👍
I have been rewatching this series and the series from 2 years ago. I love them so much. Any tips on projector positioning? My house is very small. I saw in one of your videos you recommended a tripod to tilt it down (I also have the Optoma 1080HD). I was experimenting with that today and it would require major keystone adjustments. It almost seemed like best position would be on the ground. Does that make sense?
Yes I know what you mean. It could get damp and dewy closer to the ground so I tend to prefer to keep mine a bit higher. Also I try not to cast too many shadows *up* into my main content areas. I use some adjustable laptop tripods that have made my life much easier. Like this but not this exact one because I bought mine in the UK amzn.to/3FdiF5E. Which mapping approach are you taking? The 'mapping' part adjusts for the distortion that happens from tilting your projector down (which you would conventionally compensate for with keystoning in a home theatre setting, for example)
@@LumaBox Good point about both the dew and the shadows. If I had it lower and cast up, that may cause unwanted shadows. Whereas raising it on a tripod and pointing down may give me better coverage. I do have one of those tripods. That's what I was experimenting with last night and noticed the skewing that occurred. I'm currently attempting the orthographic approach so I can focus on design. Using the test patterns on the projector, it looked awful, but you're absolutely right and I should be able to fix that in the mapping part. I'll give that a go. Cheers!
Thank you so much for this tutorial; it was so helpful in getting started with MadMapper! I have one question-how did you get the video playback of the various quads (L+R roof and L+R house) to all start at the same time? I have a project with 12 different quads that need to be synced up with music, and I can't seem to get them to start and stop together.
Amazing tutorial but im left wondering - whats the point? If you just projected your show onto the house via a video file from AE, would it look any different than using this program? Im struggling to understand the point of the program? I assume you did all the outline work in AE anyway
The corner pinning process is much more pleasant and user friendly in MadMapper than it is in AE. The former is proper mapping software whereas the latter just so happens to have functions that can be utilised for projection mapping. Also MadMapper makes working with multiple projectors a breeze whereas you would have to use a display splitter to turn two (or more) displays into one in order to do it in AE.
@@LumaBox What would happen if you created a flat video and just projected it onto the house. Would it look any different than if you used MadMapper? PS, I bought a bunch of your effects the other day - they are excellent! Thank you.
@@Ryan-rm6tj Awesome! Hope you enjoy the effects! MadMapper doesn't produce any visual different in terms of quality etc. Which mapping method are you using? ua-cam.com/video/Nc9Pq0mTT8I/v-deo.html MadMapper only makes sense if you're using the orthographic method.
@@Ryan-rm6tj That's a shortcut for the outline method. If you're doing that you don't need to do the stuff in this video in MadMapper. Your perspective is already baked into your outlines. Notice how my content in this video is flat so I need to put perspective in using MadMapper.
Amazing video series, thanks so much for making this. Quick question for you: I'm planning on embarking on a similar project, but I plan to use Processing rather than AfterEffects to create my animations. If I export a video from Processing (or any software for that matter) with an aspect ratio that matches the surface upon which I want to project, can I just bring the video right into MadMapper? Or will there be distortion that I'm not taking into account? The surface I'm hoping to project onto is just a flat wall with some edges that I want to cut around.
The angle the projector makes with the surface will produce distortion/skewing since you're unlikely to be projecting from 100% perfectly perpendicular. But that's where the corner pinning in MadMapper comes in which can counteract the skewing. And if your content aspect ratio matches your surface, you should be fine 👍
Did you create the entire show (such as the Thriller show) in a different program first to get a flat 1920x1080 video and audio, then bring that file in as a 'movie' and just map it to your house after that? I'm also assuming that you left the laptop outside plugged into the projector in order to play from MadMapper since there is no ability to export the mapped/distorted version as a MP4 for an external media player.
Another awesome tutorial, and btw I think you can narrate paint drying and it will still be worth listening to. However, your method seems like overkill to me, and requires way too much time outside in the cold, especially in Suffolk. LOL. Why not just use your initial house map, import it to After Effects. Map your show onto it in the comfort of your home, and then bring out the final product and make the final projector adjustments with MadMapper? Am I missing something?
"A skin has started to form and we can see the paint strokes starting to flatten. Note the slight craqueleur on the left..." 😁 I think I understand what you're suggesting, but I don't think I prefer your method. Why would I do that if I'm going to end up in MadMapper anyway? And even if no adjustment was needed, 1) the mapping tools in MadMapper are more user friendly (purpose-built for this task) and 2) I'd have to render my show again from After Effects whereas MadMapper does it real time.
Great tutorials. It would be helpful to create a workstream for outlined mapping methods. You have a video that walks through how to quickly create a house guide using madmapper demo in 15 mins but then there are no follow up videos for how/where to go from there? Do you take that final house guide to After Effects or Madmapper? If madmapper, then we have no choice but to use a paid version. I have AE, but all of your tutorials are using orthographic guides, not outline guides. It’s becoming a bit frustrating to translate orthographic tutorials on an outlined guide that already has perspective
If you watch that video about how to quickly make outlines using MadMapper demo to the end, I explain that you can then take it into, say, After Effects and design your content over the top ua-cam.com/video/tYV0R515rwk/v-deo.html. I might do a start-to-finish tutorial for the outline method, but as you might already know, I'm more of a fan of the orthographic method for reasons you might be starting to realise on your own - namely that designing in AE is more of a pain for the outline method in that you have to add in all the perspective manually using effects like Corner Pin or Power Pin.
This is great! Do you use the wapred image from Mad Mapper as a referece to make animation or do you use the orthographic image for animation inside After Effects? Thank you!
The second thing. I think it’s easier to animate without having to worry about warping at that stage - you can then apply warping wholesale to the whole show as a secondary step
Does mad mapper support scripted playback or just live shows? I see at the end you ran a "show", which implies you can save a show for later playback? Trying to figure out if mad mapper or after effects is the better solution. I like mad mapper because it appears simpler, particularly if you already have your video/animations content from other sources.
I'm not 100% sure on your question. MadMapper strengths lie on the mapping side of things - i.e. warping content to match on to physical surfaces. You can sequence a 'show' using the Scenes and Cues features (I have a tutorial) but I personally don't really get on with them and find them confusing so I tend to save a show with all its transitions already as a video file and play it with MadMapper.
Is the idea with this software that you just bring in your 3d content and apply it to the different zones that you want it in? It just makes mapping the house easier?
I can't thank you enough for this, BUT I am struggling with how I get the mapped house into After effects to design the show. I understand how to map the house with MadMapper, but I need the house broken down into a bunch of sections/masks so I can design the show to import back into MadMapper. what am I missing here? Thanks!
Hi Brian. Based on this question (and also seeing your question & responses in the holiday house mapping FB group) I think fundamentally you have things the wrong way round: MadMapper is the last step AFTER you’ve designed your show (in After Effects, if that’s your choice). Have you seen my 5 part tutorial series? It shows you how to create a flat guide of your house. You then take that into AE and design your show over it and export your show as a video. THEN as a final step, you bring the show into MadMapper and warp the flat content (input) to match the perspective of the house (output). Does that make more sense?
First I want to thank you for your tutorial video series. Since I really can't leave my projector outside after drafting the lines, I am trying to figure out another way besides adobe after effects to create my video mapping for Halloween this year. I have around 2 hours of video playback synced in with resolume arena but I am looking at the possibility of using madmapper. I see on the bottom with scenes and cues where you can allow the scenes to be automatically changed from left to right but only after video ends. I have around 2 - 3 videos playing at the same time with different lengths of videos. With resolume you can adjust to loop certain videos to match duration of another video. Is there a way to do the same thing with madmapper? I am a little confused but I am trying other alternatives with different options if you know what I mean LOL.
I think you would have to manually add the time for the loop - I don't think you can automatically link to the duration of another clip, but I might be wrong. I don't have off-the-top-of-my-head recall about those features any more so I'd recommend you check the documentation
What are the benefits of using this software? If we are using after effects to create our content like in your first 5 videos then paying for another subscription to use mad mapper? Do you need to get a new subscription every year to add new content? Equiptment? Or if you decide to move the projectors?
I personally prefer mapping with MadMapper over After Effects because AE isn't really designed to do that kind of thing (it's for animation) whereas that's MadMapper's bread and butter so the user experience is far nicer, I think. But if budget is your main constraint, you're right, you don't need MadMapper to do what AE can do (as I show in my main tutorial series)
@@LumaBox So I’m having big problems with regard3d and getting my house done, I do not have access to a windows machine. Will I be able to use MadMapper without creating a 3d view?
You can export your mapping if you buy a MiniMad (like a media player specifically for MadMapper) - that's the official method. Or you could do a screen record or record a syphon output - that's the unofficial method.
Hi. I’ve been house mapping with LF. I am limited in my projects unless I re-invest in another one of their units. (Which are unfortunately out of stock) I’m guessing that using the madmapper software might be as user friendly and probably more cost efficient. Do you have any experience with LF or have any insight towards the next steps I should take in this mapping journey?
It depends on whether you're happy using more generic effects in your projections. If you are, then Lightform is a good fit because it handles all the 'mapping' automatically and you have access to lots of cool, but generic, effects. It's not so good for you if you want to animate custom designs on to your house - that is a more manual process and can be done more cheaply without a LF system. But there is more learning involved.
Not quite sure what you mean by vector lineouts, but if you mean a kind of architectural plan, then yes! If you have that, that's the same as my outline guides.
@@jeffreyberces8005 Uh well you can't just make up the vector lines. They have to be accurately derived from the actual building. Have you watched this? ua-cam.com/video/VGPrrRG-2I4/v-deo.html
@@jeffreyberces8005 If you haven't already, you could maybe watch this ua-cam.com/video/Nc9Pq0mTT8I/v-deo.html There are two different approaches to mapping a house, one is easier than the other...
I prefer to design my animations flat and then do 3d mapping on the house. For that I use After Effects (mainly) to design content (Cinema 4D if I'm doing 3D) and then I like to use MadMapper to do the 3d Mapping which is what is shown in this video.
Thanks for all the tutorials! Your channel has been a life saver. I’m a lighting designer currently learning projection mapping for a show in a 900 seat theatre. I’m projection mapping the walls, proscenium, stage, etc.
Glad to have helped. Sounds like a great project to get your teeth into!
Excellent video, very easy to understand for someone who is brand new to the program and mapping generally. You're an excellent teacher, thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
You've sold me on this. Can't wait for the next tutorial.
Welcome to the church of MadMapper 😁
Great intro and tutorial here Georgia. I have no formal experience or knowledge on this side of the projection of visuals on objects, so appreciate your video here. Many thanks. D.
No problem at all. Thanks for your support! 🙏😁
Credit where due... awesome work here. Great video. If I can pull it off I'll have 2 happy kids at xmas time when they see the house lit up. Great work here and many thanks for making this video.
Best of luck for Christmas!
Very clear, well described and at a manageable speed. Thank you. Your tutorials are better than the SW developers!, trying to learn most mapping SW programmes at the moment so this really helped
Wow thanks! Appreciate your support 👍
You are súper clear, excellent tutorial... Thanks a Lot!!
You're welcome!
excellent clear tutorial, thank you very much :)
Glad it helped!
Such a helpful video! Thank you!
No problem! 😀
Thanks for sharing, doing my own projections right now. There is much more work then meets the eye when creating content. At least the mapping part, which is critical, is eased by your tutorials.
How are you getting on? On schedule I hope! Which workflow are you going for?
@@LumaBox I initially followed your original 5 part series (which are awesome BTW) and modified my workflow based on that. I am using After Affects, but it can get quite challenging at times. I looked into MadMapper and was intrigued how well it would fare to House projections. For example, masking sub layers and such.
@@NicChap I know After Effects can be challenging. Did you manage to make a guide for your house or are you using the outline method?
@@LumaBox I first followed your tuts from A-Z using the guide method, I then decided to simply use outlines. I'll try MadMapper next using the free trial to see if I prefer it. Thanks again for your great work!
@@NicChap Thanks for replying. I'm keen to know how people are finding my tutorials. I definitely get the sense that more people are using the outline method. I want to make videos that will help the most people 👍
thank you so much for this video.. you made it really easy to understand
You're very welcome!
I have been rewatching this series and the series from 2 years ago. I love them so much. Any tips on projector positioning? My house is very small. I saw in one of your videos you recommended a tripod to tilt it down (I also have the Optoma 1080HD). I was experimenting with that today and it would require major keystone adjustments. It almost seemed like best position would be on the ground. Does that make sense?
Yes I know what you mean. It could get damp and dewy closer to the ground so I tend to prefer to keep mine a bit higher. Also I try not to cast too many shadows *up* into my main content areas. I use some adjustable laptop tripods that have made my life much easier. Like this but not this exact one because I bought mine in the UK amzn.to/3FdiF5E. Which mapping approach are you taking? The 'mapping' part adjusts for the distortion that happens from tilting your projector down (which you would conventionally compensate for with keystoning in a home theatre setting, for example)
@@LumaBox Good point about both the dew and the shadows. If I had it lower and cast up, that may cause unwanted shadows. Whereas raising it on a tripod and pointing down may give me better coverage. I do have one of those tripods. That's what I was experimenting with last night and noticed the skewing that occurred. I'm currently attempting the orthographic approach so I can focus on design. Using the test patterns on the projector, it looked awful, but you're absolutely right and I should be able to fix that in the mapping part. I'll give that a go. Cheers!
Thank you so much for this tutorial; it was so helpful in getting started with MadMapper! I have one question-how did you get the video playback of the various quads (L+R roof and L+R house) to all start at the same time? I have a project with 12 different quads that need to be synced up with music, and I can't seem to get them to start and stop together.
I think I just responded to your email 😂 Check out this one ua-cam.com/video/rXennwOHXXQ/v-deo.html
Amazing tutorial but im left wondering - whats the point? If you just projected your show onto the house via a video file from AE, would it look any different than using this program? Im struggling to understand the point of the program? I assume you did all the outline work in AE anyway
The corner pinning process is much more pleasant and user friendly in MadMapper than it is in AE. The former is proper mapping software whereas the latter just so happens to have functions that can be utilised for projection mapping. Also MadMapper makes working with multiple projectors a breeze whereas you would have to use a display splitter to turn two (or more) displays into one in order to do it in AE.
@@LumaBox What would happen if you created a flat video and just projected it onto the house. Would it look any different than if you used MadMapper? PS, I bought a bunch of your effects the other day - they are excellent! Thank you.
@@Ryan-rm6tj Awesome! Hope you enjoy the effects! MadMapper doesn't produce any visual different in terms of quality etc. Which mapping method are you using? ua-cam.com/video/Nc9Pq0mTT8I/v-deo.html MadMapper only makes sense if you're using the orthographic method.
@@LumaBox Im using the method you described in your other video (taking a photo then using MadMapper to pull into shape).
@@Ryan-rm6tj That's a shortcut for the outline method. If you're doing that you don't need to do the stuff in this video in MadMapper. Your perspective is already baked into your outlines. Notice how my content in this video is flat so I need to put perspective in using MadMapper.
Amazing video series, thanks so much for making this. Quick question for you: I'm planning on embarking on a similar project, but I plan to use Processing rather than AfterEffects to create my animations. If I export a video from Processing (or any software for that matter) with an aspect ratio that matches the surface upon which I want to project, can I just bring the video right into MadMapper? Or will there be distortion that I'm not taking into account? The surface I'm hoping to project onto is just a flat wall with some edges that I want to cut around.
The angle the projector makes with the surface will produce distortion/skewing since you're unlikely to be projecting from 100% perfectly perpendicular. But that's where the corner pinning in MadMapper comes in which can counteract the skewing. And if your content aspect ratio matches your surface, you should be fine 👍
Okay great, that's what I figured. Thanks for your reply and thanks again for the videos you make!
Did you create the entire show (such as the Thriller show) in a different program first to get a flat 1920x1080 video and audio, then bring that file in as a 'movie' and just map it to your house after that? I'm also assuming that you left the laptop outside plugged into the projector in order to play from MadMapper since there is no ability to export the mapped/distorted version as a MP4 for an external media player.
Hi - yes to both
Another awesome tutorial, and btw I think you can narrate paint drying and it will still be worth listening to. However, your method seems like overkill to me, and requires way too much time outside in the cold, especially in Suffolk. LOL. Why not just use your initial house map, import it to After Effects. Map your show onto it in the comfort of your home, and then bring out the final product and make the final projector adjustments with MadMapper? Am I missing something?
"A skin has started to form and we can see the paint strokes starting to flatten. Note the slight craqueleur on the left..." 😁 I think I understand what you're suggesting, but I don't think I prefer your method. Why would I do that if I'm going to end up in MadMapper anyway? And even if no adjustment was needed, 1) the mapping tools in MadMapper are more user friendly (purpose-built for this task) and 2) I'd have to render my show again from After Effects whereas MadMapper does it real time.
@@LumaBox I knew it! Please make a "drying paint"-video asap! 😁
Great tutorials. It would be helpful to create a workstream for outlined mapping methods. You have a video that walks through how to quickly create a house guide using madmapper demo in 15 mins but then there are no follow up videos for how/where to go from there? Do you take that final house guide to After Effects or Madmapper? If madmapper, then we have no choice but to use a paid version. I have AE, but all of your tutorials are using orthographic guides, not outline guides. It’s becoming a bit frustrating to translate orthographic tutorials on an outlined guide that already has perspective
If you watch that video about how to quickly make outlines using MadMapper demo to the end, I explain that you can then take it into, say, After Effects and design your content over the top ua-cam.com/video/tYV0R515rwk/v-deo.html. I might do a start-to-finish tutorial for the outline method, but as you might already know, I'm more of a fan of the orthographic method for reasons you might be starting to realise on your own - namely that designing in AE is more of a pain for the outline method in that you have to add in all the perspective manually using effects like Corner Pin or Power Pin.
This is great! Do you use the wapred image from Mad Mapper as a referece to make animation or do you use the orthographic image for animation inside After Effects? Thank you!
The second thing. I think it’s easier to animate without having to worry about warping at that stage - you can then apply warping wholesale to the whole show as a secondary step
Does mad mapper support scripted playback or just live shows? I see at the end you ran a "show", which implies you can save a show for later playback? Trying to figure out if mad mapper or after effects is the better solution. I like mad mapper because it appears simpler, particularly if you already have your video/animations content from other sources.
I'm not 100% sure on your question. MadMapper strengths lie on the mapping side of things - i.e. warping content to match on to physical surfaces. You can sequence a 'show' using the Scenes and Cues features (I have a tutorial) but I personally don't really get on with them and find them confusing so I tend to save a show with all its transitions already as a video file and play it with MadMapper.
@@LumaBox Thank you, that answers my question. The Scenes and Cues capability is what I was looking for. Thank you!
Is the idea with this software that you just bring in your 3d content and apply it to the different zones that you want it in? It just makes mapping the house easier?
Hmm… I’d say the idea with this software is to take 2d (flat) content and ‘map’ it to 3d surfaces in a user-friendly way
I can't thank you enough for this, BUT I am struggling with how I get the mapped house into After effects to design the show. I understand how to map the house with MadMapper, but I need the house broken down into a bunch of sections/masks so I can design the show to import back into MadMapper. what am I missing here? Thanks!
Hi Brian. Based on this question (and also seeing your question & responses in the holiday house mapping FB group) I think fundamentally you have things the wrong way round: MadMapper is the last step AFTER you’ve designed your show (in After Effects, if that’s your choice). Have you seen my 5 part tutorial series? It shows you how to create a flat guide of your house. You then take that into AE and design your show over it and export your show as a video. THEN as a final step, you bring the show into MadMapper and warp the flat content (input) to match the perspective of the house (output). Does that make more sense?
First I want to thank you for your tutorial video series. Since I really can't leave my projector outside after drafting the lines, I am trying to figure out another way besides adobe after effects to create my video mapping for Halloween this year. I have around 2 hours of video playback synced in with resolume arena but I am looking at the possibility of using madmapper. I see on the bottom with scenes and cues where you can allow the scenes to be automatically changed from left to right but only after video ends. I have around 2 - 3 videos playing at the same time with different lengths of videos. With resolume you can adjust to loop certain videos to match duration of another video. Is there a way to do the same thing with madmapper? I am a little confused but I am trying other alternatives with different options if you know what I mean LOL.
I think you would have to manually add the time for the loop - I don't think you can automatically link to the duration of another clip, but I might be wrong. I don't have off-the-top-of-my-head recall about those features any more so I'd recommend you check the documentation
What are the benefits of using this software? If we are using after effects to create our content like in your first 5 videos then paying for another subscription to use mad mapper? Do you need to get a new subscription every year to add new content? Equiptment? Or if you decide to move the projectors?
I personally prefer mapping with MadMapper over After Effects because AE isn't really designed to do that kind of thing (it's for animation) whereas that's MadMapper's bread and butter so the user experience is far nicer, I think. But if budget is your main constraint, you're right, you don't need MadMapper to do what AE can do (as I show in my main tutorial series)
@@LumaBox So I’m having big problems with regard3d and getting my house done, I do not have access to a windows machine. Will I be able to use MadMapper without creating a 3d view?
No, not really. You need the guide. Maybe the 'outline' method is more for you at this point
How to export or save project as mp4 video in madmapper?
You can export your mapping if you buy a MiniMad (like a media player specifically for MadMapper) - that's the official method. Or you could do a screen record or record a syphon output - that's the unofficial method.
Hi. I’ve been house mapping with LF. I am limited in my projects unless I re-invest in another one of their units. (Which are unfortunately out of stock) I’m guessing that using the madmapper software might be as user friendly and probably more cost efficient. Do you have any experience with LF or have any insight towards the next steps I should take in this mapping journey?
It depends on whether you're happy using more generic effects in your projections. If you are, then Lightform is a good fit because it handles all the 'mapping' automatically and you have access to lots of cool, but generic, effects. It's not so good for you if you want to animate custom designs on to your house - that is a more manual process and can be done more cheaply without a LF system. But there is more learning involved.
@@LumaBox thanks for the advice. :-))))
I want a course for the projection program because I don't know anything
Hopefully my channel is a good place to start. Check out my beginner's MadMapper tutorial ua-cam.com/video/1Typv7KxBRM/v-deo.html
luv u
Mum?
I dont have picture of the building.. But i have vector lineouts.. It can be used???
Not quite sure what you mean by vector lineouts, but if you mean a kind of architectural plan, then yes! If you have that, that's the same as my outline guides.
@@LumaBox yes.. Vector lines.. So it will fit on actual building? Even i just draw the vector on my own?
@@jeffreyberces8005 Uh well you can't just make up the vector lines. They have to be accurately derived from the actual building. Have you watched this? ua-cam.com/video/VGPrrRG-2I4/v-deo.html
@@jeffreyberces8005 If you haven't already, you could maybe watch this ua-cam.com/video/Nc9Pq0mTT8I/v-deo.html There are two different approaches to mapping a house, one is easier than the other...
Which software do you use please?
I'm using MadMapper in this video and that tends to be my go-to software for most of the projection mapping I do.
Can you tell me video format do you save projection mapping file please
Wich one is the best software for mapping
Arena, after effect or any thing else
Can u help me
I prefer to design my animations flat and then do 3d mapping on the house. For that I use After Effects (mainly) to design content (Cinema 4D if I'm doing 3D) and then I like to use MadMapper to do the 3d Mapping which is what is shown in this video.
Where can i contact you faster than commenting here?? I have questions
There are plenty of links in descriptions and on my channel page for my socials, website etc.
Hello luma I really love your videos and I wanna learn more about projection mapping and I would like to reach out to you on Instagram
Hi - I found your message on IG and responded