I agree. I ended up modeling my own and 3D printing. They come out way better than even the McFarlane terminators that just came out. They seem small and weak.
Huge THANK YOU for doing this video mate - Brilliant Work ! You give me confidence to try this on my own McFarlane Marine and also thanks in advance for any future Tutorial videos you'll be doing for these figures - MUCH appreciated !
Damn man you made that Marine look like his armor was overdue for some preventive maintenance! Your attention to detail is superb and you have inspired me to repaint the one I just got lol! Seriously, your Space Marine looks just how it should --- battle tested! I would definitely love to see more customized McFarlane Space Marines. Great job!
I know absolutely nothing about Warhammer 40K, I am just a fan of great looking action figures and you've done such an amazing job with this. I wish it was part of the line, I would love to add it to my collection!
Thanks for this series! Really helpful. Couple of tips I have from my quick experience... Drop the rattlecan primer. It's taking forever to dry because there's a reaction happening. Tends to happen with the softer plastic blends (they soak up the solvents). I used Vallejo waterbased, and it was good to go in a normal timeframe. And Q-tips work as good makeshift handles if you don't have dowels or other things around. Just stuff 2 in the socket if 1 is too small. Hope that helps some. There's a lot of time lost using that rattlecan to prime. Using a rattlecan topcoat likely WON'T give the same reaction because the coats should be MUCH lighter.
I agree. My first one ending up staying sticky after the primer. When I primed by brush using Vallejo primer and the spraying the topcoat is was fine. I also didn’t wash the guy in soap and water. That made a huge difference.
one thing i would like to add on one of mine the bolt rifle had a slight bend or sag at the grip end and it made the whole gun look slightly bent ..i held mine in boiling water for a few seconds the bent it straight and held it under a cold tap i now have a super straight bolt rifle and it looks so much better..
just some exp from gunpla. 😂 For 1:35 , I think maybe using different grits of waterproof sandpapers (800→2500) is more better to remove model line. Using knife to scrape model is hard for noob and hurt the accessories. Also, your fingers will become sashimi. For 2:23 , I think using some sticks like disposable chopsticks with double sides tape and insert them on the material like polyfoam or plasticine to fix them is more better. For 3:29 , humidity influence the effect of painting. The ideal painting humidity is below 60%. Hope these helpful to u.
@ Nicht Mark: I don't know if you can do this on the mcfarlane marine, but for regular GW models I use the blunt (rear) side of the blade to scape off mould-lines: It gives you the same end result (actually better, 'cos the knife blade doesn't dig into the bits of the model you want to keep) + also there's no chance of stabbing yourself. hope this helps? [el'sda2].
Hey, I'm new to your channel, and just picked one of these guys up; but what I know from customizing other figures when it comes to joint rub is to take the pegs out and sand them down. you'll then reconnect the joint with cocktail sticks and test the rub by posing the joint. And do that till there's no more rub.
Thank You for these videos and all the information they contain, i personally never played Warhammer but always loved all the designs and world building of the Warhammer universe, and with this new McFarlane line it is a great and kinda inexpensive way to experience the Warhammer universe, at least from the sidelines... Anyway, Thank you again, take care, be well and Cheers! :)
I recently 'de-lined' a McFarlane Adepta Sororitas and found using 280 grit foam sandpaper works very well in getting rid of lines on the gloves and rubber tubing. Takes some time as the sandpaper is so fine, but it definitely vanishes those lines!
Hi buddy just came across your channel. Your figure looks bloody amazing just awesome ive just bought one of those marines so looking for inspiration and yours fits the bill. Thank you for sharing mate. Cheers Gary 🇬🇧
Hello, I have two questions for you: 1° Do you know if the Reaver figure disassembles like the primaris?, 2° Do these figures need a primer coat or could I paint them directly with a Vallejo spray can?
I thought the model came primed? Ready to paint...? Anyways, awesome paint job. Looks amazing! I doubt I'll take mine apart when I paint it, probably wont end up looking as good as yours anyway. Subbed. I want to see if you paint more of these, like the Hellblaster that just got announced, or the Necron and the Battle Sister...
nice work dude. love how it turned out. and glad to been able to help with the disassembly tip. I've just started work on mine. but going with a basic clean ultramarine . have a 2nd one on the way and planning to go to town on that one.
Very good paint job and the rust effects is brillet. But i won't being doing that much rust effects i kind of imagine the armour as a Composite armour of materials to make it light to wear.
Thanks for this I was definitely interested in these but will bite the bullet with the Adepta Soriritas figures. Good to know you can dismantle it to paint. That was my big concern.
Hiya matey, I used over 30 different paints on this guy, from Vajello, GW and Army Painter to achieve this effect. I can help you with some of the colours, but honestly I didn’t film a lot of what I did. Which ones did you need help with?
I love these McFarlane figures. That’s why I got into 3D printing so I could customize my own. But I do wish the could pose more realistically in shooting positions and that their legs didn’t look so dumb when bent. May have to do what some others have done and cut them up, pose them and them sculpt the joints to look more realistic.
Ngl I know this will probably never happen but I’d love to see a rylanor figure or some other dreadnoughts that and a space marine figure that can hold the assault plasma incinerator with both hands
I’d like to see what you can do with the new terminators they released. I’m a bit disappointed in the look and proportions but maybe you can make them look good
So the best approach is to spray paint... I'm still trying to guage this up I have the primaris and the chaos marine, I have also bought the pre painted gene stealer lol so I am still figuring out how to do this as it is my first venture into painting a "model"
Two points: 1) Scrubbing the model in water only moves the oil around. If your goal is to degrease the model then you need to use some form of degreaser, not just hot water. Don't use any kind of dish soap that promotes "water sheeting off dishes" because the sheeting agent will cause fisheyes. I use TSP but that stuff is outlawed a lot of places. They make TSP substitute which works. 2) If you're spraying enough varnish to clog up the joints then you're doing it wrong. A mist coat and a light wet coat is all you need. After the solvents or water evaporates you'll have a very thin coat that won't interfere with anything. If anything is sticky then just moving it will free it up and it should stay that way. I love your rust. Looks great!
Hi after spraying with the Halfords primer did you apply more Halfords spray for the white? And did you just use the gw paints over the top after? Thanks!
I'm thinking of attaching the weapon hand to the gun before re-assembling because hand isn't easy to attach. The paint must crack or peel if the gun is removed and replaced more than once.
Does the boiling water technique to remove limbs work with the pre-painted figures? I've bought a small scale helmet from a custom helmet kit off etsy made to fit on those figures for the upcoming blood angel figure, but I don't plan on painting my own, simply painting a helmet to pop onto the existing figure. But I'm afraid that doing so could screw up the paint job. Edit: Just saw your video on preparing a pre-painted one, specifically the removing limbs part. So I'm good now.
I'd recommend getting yourself a cheap model kit first, can literally be of anything, get a cheap kit, try painting and testing some techniques out first. Depending on how that goes, then you'll get a feel for whether you want to paint up one of these
What kind of paint do you use? Do you use Vallejo and other acrylic miniature paint? How do you seal it so it doesn't chip when you play with the action figure
How hard would it to be able to turn the ultra marine version into a blood angel? Just worried about paint rub or ruining the figure. I have a friend painting/sculpting the unpainted one atm but I’d like to try to paint the smurf one 😂
when i first got into 40K, i remember thinking what an horrible world it must be to live in ... fastforward to 2021, and FFS it just couldn't come soon enough
Jesus Christ the paint here... it's fuckin' immaculate. I would LOVE to paint my artist proof but God, I can't paint to save my life. I bought it in hopes of getting the confidence to paint a Space Wolf (and find a beakie head sculpt if possible) but I know it won't ever look this nice lol. Do you take commissions at all? Truly incredible work here.
Listen trying to be a hero I sometimes don't even bother and take care of the mold lines because I'm already going to college and Lift University so I'm asking already stuck Wayne about more things having my own cards to show off my business Matthew Lane Studios so I got enough but definitely I hope you give us more checks on how did let paint stick to McFarlane toys because I have a hard time with the Warhammer action figures they produce
Question for ya mate, how did ya go about painting the joints? Everytime I paint a moving joint on a figure the paint always chips off after changing poses, even when I do a thin layer to them!
Yes, but I would al ssf o assy for those new to doing this with action figures, the plastic should be warm but not hot. If you've hated it to the point that it's hot to the touch, you're likely to damage the plastic. It should be warm enough to notice that the plastic feels soft and bendy, but not burn your hands hot. So with that said, I haven't noticed anything more egregious than some crazing on a top coated figure, but I don't do it often and I haven't since discovering that better materials exist. Like I was using cheap craft lacquer the last time I did it and I know action figure customizers who use liquitex gloss and matte coats all the time, before reassembling the figure, and they don't seem to have issues with going milky or crazing. It's especially necessary in joints where there will be rubbing friction from posing.
I will receive my McFarlane Ultramarine shortly : you said in a video that we can send it to you for re-painting but i didn't find how. Can you help me in that matter ? Much appreciated
Too bad they've stopped making the unpainted ones. Which is confusing, why did they stop selling the unpainted ones, but continued selling the ultramarine one?
Great tips... but 1. Do NOT buy a GW scalpel, buy a Swann Morton scalpel, Why? Well like everything GW wise theirs is 5 times the price and not as good! PS Swann Morton scalpels are what Doctors use to cut you up! lol Help!
Alex, what us the best way to reach you to discuss a commission?
Hi there, thanks for reaching out, if you drop me a message on Instagram, Facebook or froglanestudio@hotmail.com
“I just bought a scalpel blade from Games Workshop”. You’re obviously a man for whom money is no issue.
I know GW loves the primaris but I'd love to see a firstborn or a Terminator too.
I am thinking of trying to convert one of these with sculpy and such into a firstborn.
Tbh I love it because the primaris helmet is way cooler imo
Terminator squad for sure.
I agree. I ended up modeling my own and 3D printing. They come out way better than even the McFarlane terminators that just came out. They seem small and weak.
I would love to see a Mk VI Corvus Space Marine from the Virus Heresy
i can't believe this is the first actual paintup of one that i've seen. He looks GORGEOUS
one other guy allready did one in the Iron hands scheme
Huge THANK YOU for doing this video mate - Brilliant Work ! You give me confidence to try this on my own McFarlane Marine and also thanks in advance for any future Tutorial videos you'll be doing for these figures - MUCH appreciated !
THIS! Helped me make a buy decision -> thank you for showing the process as I was wondering how to taske it apart
I'm so glad!
I have the disassembly video on my channel too for you buddy
@@FrogLaneStudio Yeaaah!!! Soo right :D Thank you again!
Oh man, this is amazing (not saying you're other work isnt), but this scale really lets us see all the bloody details.
Madman painting it up white. Looks great!
Thanks for this that, rust on white looks amazing i'am going to try it on McFarlanes artist proof
Space Marine.
Have fun!
Just amazing work man.
Very nice. Can't wait to get mine
Really excellent work!!
Damn man you made that Marine look like his armor was overdue for
some preventive maintenance! Your attention to detail is superb and you have inspired me to repaint the one I just got lol! Seriously, your Space Marine looks just how it should --- battle tested! I would definitely love to see more customized McFarlane Space Marines. Great job!
I know absolutely nothing about Warhammer 40K, I am just a fan of great looking action figures and you've done such an amazing job with this. I wish it was part of the line, I would love to add it to my collection!
DM me on Instagram, we can sort something out 👍🏻
Thanks for this series! Really helpful. Couple of tips I have from my quick experience... Drop the rattlecan primer. It's taking forever to dry because there's a reaction happening. Tends to happen with the softer plastic blends (they soak up the solvents). I used Vallejo waterbased, and it was good to go in a normal timeframe. And Q-tips work as good makeshift handles if you don't have dowels or other things around. Just stuff 2 in the socket if 1 is too small. Hope that helps some. There's a lot of time lost using that rattlecan to prime. Using a rattlecan topcoat likely WON'T give the same reaction because the coats should be MUCH lighter.
top tips right there. thanks
I agree. My first one ending up staying sticky after the primer. When I primed by brush using Vallejo primer and the spraying the topcoat is was fine. I also didn’t wash the guy in soap and water. That made a huge difference.
one thing i would like to add on one of mine the bolt rifle had a slight bend or sag at the grip end and it made the whole gun look slightly bent ..i held mine in boiling water for a few seconds the bent it straight and held it under a cold tap i now have a super straight bolt rifle and it looks so much better..
Wow. This is amazing. Thanks for all the tips.
just some exp from gunpla. 😂
For 1:35 , I think maybe using different grits of waterproof sandpapers (800→2500) is more better to remove model line. Using knife to scrape model is hard for noob and hurt the accessories. Also, your fingers will become sashimi.
For 2:23 , I think using some sticks like disposable chopsticks with double sides tape and insert them on the material like polyfoam or plasticine to fix them is more better.
For 3:29 , humidity influence the effect of painting. The ideal painting humidity is below 60%.
Hope these helpful to u.
@ Nicht Mark: I don't know if you can do this on the mcfarlane marine, but for regular GW models I use the blunt (rear) side of the blade to scape off mould-lines: It gives you the same end result (actually better, 'cos the knife blade doesn't dig into the bits of the model you want to keep) + also there's no chance of stabbing yourself. hope this helps? [el'sda2].
Hey, I'm new to your channel, and just picked one of these guys up; but what I know from customizing other figures when it comes to joint rub is to take the pegs out and sand them down. you'll then reconnect the joint with cocktail sticks and test the rub by posing the joint. And do that till there's no more rub.
Oh my days!!! DUDE, this is fantastic!!!!!
Thank You for these videos and all the information they contain, i personally never played Warhammer but always loved all the designs and world building of the Warhammer universe, and with this new McFarlane line it is a great and kinda inexpensive way to experience the Warhammer universe, at least from the sidelines... Anyway, Thank you again, take care, be well and Cheers! :)
Glad you like them! It's my pleasure
35 hours is crazy, but it shows in the end product.
I recently 'de-lined' a McFarlane Adepta Sororitas and found using 280 grit foam sandpaper works very well in getting rid of lines on the gloves and rubber tubing. Takes some time as the sandpaper is so fine, but it definitely vanishes those lines!
Mind blowing work!!
Thank you so much 😀
Just picked up a reaver. Cant wait to start
AMAZING.
Hi buddy just came across your channel. Your figure looks bloody amazing just awesome ive just bought one of those marines so looking for inspiration and yours fits the bill. Thank you for sharing mate. Cheers Gary 🇬🇧
Varnish wont be so bad. Just make sure it's a really light coat. Those scratches and dents will still show.
Hello, I have two questions for you: 1° Do you know if the Reaver figure disassembles like the primaris?, 2° Do these figures need a primer coat or could I paint them directly with a Vallejo spray can?
Thanks for these, looks great, but seriously super gluing to those bases!!! Stick it into a pieces of expanded foam!!!!!
Great idea
As a white scars collector, this video hits sooooo hard ⚔️⚔️⚔️
Jesus Christ this was worth the wait !!
That hot water tip was spot on!
I thought the model came primed? Ready to paint...? Anyways, awesome paint job. Looks amazing!
I doubt I'll take mine apart when I paint it, probably wont end up looking as good as yours anyway.
Subbed. I want to see if you paint more of these, like the Hellblaster that just got announced, or the Necron and the Battle Sister...
It is primed but most people prefer their own primer
I just got the Hallblaster version. Amazingly good deal at only AUS$34 from Amazon. I'm relieved to find out it can be taken apart.
nice work dude. love how it turned out. and glad to been able to help with the disassembly tip. I've just started work on mine. but going with a basic clean ultramarine . have a 2nd one on the way and planning to go to town on that one.
Informative and highly skilled - Easy Sub
Very good paint job and the rust effects is brillet.
But i won't being doing that much rust effects i kind of imagine the armour as a Composite armour of materials to make it light to wear.
Been waiting for Warhammer figures for so long! Finally my wish has been granted!!
This is the first video I've seen of yours, amazing work. Looling forward to finding your tutorials. Just subscribed.
Welcome aboard!
Great job on That's action figure.
Awesome
Fantastic Vid Mr Frog!!!! 👍🏻🤛🏻🤘🏻
Much love buddy 🐸💚🐸
great video thanks, try putting your baking powder in a dropper bottle for easy application
Thanks for this I was definitely interested in these but will bite the bullet with the Adepta Soriritas figures. Good to know you can dismantle it to paint. That was my big concern.
Will you be doing a video where you say what colours you used? I absolutely love this!!
Hiya matey, I used over 30 different paints on this guy, from Vajello, GW and Army Painter to achieve this effect. I can help you with some of the colours, but honestly I didn’t film a lot of what I did. Which ones did you need help with?
Frog Lane Studio cheers for the reply matey. Did you use the Halford spray paint for the white? Was it a matt finish?
What an awesome video. Subbed and liked!
I love these McFarlane figures. That’s why I got into 3D printing so I could customize my own. But I do wish the could pose more realistically in shooting positions and that their legs didn’t look so dumb when bent. May have to do what some others have done and cut them up, pose them and them sculpt the joints to look more realistic.
Ngl I know this will probably never happen but I’d love to see a rylanor figure or some other dreadnoughts that and a space marine figure that can hold the assault plasma incinerator with both hands
Great video, I’m making a custom for myself and this has been extremely helpful. Subscribed!
Nice job on painting and effects, just one question, does ceramite rust?
Do you have a tutorial on how you painted this figure it looks awesome
It will be coming out next week. My other videos show the Rust Effects using spit blending
Bloody hell thats good.
The 7" figures are really good just started collecting them but I'm tempted to buy an unpainted one
They always say preparation is the art of good painting. Spend more time preparing your figurine the effort will be worth it.
I couldn’t agree more..... the 7 P’s.......
I’d like to see what you can do with the new terminators they released. I’m a bit disappointed in the look and proportions but maybe you can make them look good
So the best approach is to spray paint... I'm still trying to guage this up I have the primaris and the chaos marine, I have also bought the pre painted gene stealer lol so I am still figuring out how to do this as it is my first venture into painting a "model"
Two points:
1) Scrubbing the model in water only moves the oil around. If your goal is to degrease the model then you need to use some form of degreaser, not just hot water. Don't use any kind of dish soap that promotes "water sheeting off dishes" because the sheeting agent will cause fisheyes. I use TSP but that stuff is outlawed a lot of places. They make TSP substitute which works.
2) If you're spraying enough varnish to clog up the joints then you're doing it wrong. A mist coat and a light wet coat is all you need. After the solvents or water evaporates you'll have a very thin coat that won't interfere with anything. If anything is sticky then just moving it will free it up and it should stay that way.
I love your rust. Looks great!
Would appreciate if you could inform as to where the hammer or other accessories can be purchased from? Cheers.
Thanks! Awesome!
Glad you like it!
Brilliant work! But if you add a little more rust and dirt, it can become Death Guard)))
I rlly appreciate the small details like the cuts and rust. Love it
Hi after spraying with the Halfords primer did you apply more Halfords spray for the white? And did you just use the gw paints over the top after? Thanks!
Just straight paint over that, but I always use an airbrush
I'm thinking of attaching the weapon hand to the gun before re-assembling because hand isn't easy to attach. The paint must crack or peel if the gun is removed and replaced more than once.
Does the boiling water technique to remove limbs work with the pre-painted figures? I've bought a small scale helmet from a custom helmet kit off etsy made to fit on those figures for the upcoming blood angel figure, but I don't plan on painting my own, simply painting a helmet to pop onto the existing figure. But I'm afraid that doing so could screw up the paint job. Edit: Just saw your video on preparing a pre-painted one, specifically the removing limbs part. So I'm good now.
it should do buddy, as long as its made from the same sort of rubber
Would you guys recommend getting this thing and painting it if I have never painted a model before?
I'd recommend getting yourself a cheap model kit first, can literally be of anything, get a cheap kit, try painting and testing some techniques out first. Depending on how that goes, then you'll get a feel for whether you want to paint up one of these
@@gmoney1664 cheap model kit you say, I'm going to check into this. Good advice thank you
@@Barthedanz happy to help 👍
Absolutely superb! If you did commissions, how much would you estimate this would cost buddy?
I do do commissions mate, if you find me on Instagram and DM me I will give you a quote
@@FrogLaneStudio Thank you buddy 😊
Not a problem 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
What kind of paint do you use? Do you use Vallejo and other acrylic miniature paint? How do you seal it so it doesn't chip when you play with the action figure
I don’t play with them buddy, they are not meant for playing once painted, therefore I use acrylic GW and Vallejo paint and seal them with full coat
How hard would it to be able to turn the ultra marine version into a blood angel? Just worried about paint rub or ruining the figure. I have a friend painting/sculpting the unpainted one atm but I’d like to try to paint the smurf one 😂
I have a videonout tomorrow showing how to do this
@@FrogLaneStudio oh I can’t wait, I’m subbing up to 😁
Can I please ask where you got the decals for the shoulder pads. As I have just got one of these as a present, and it never came with any.
They aren’t decals, they are hand painted. Check my other videos to find out how to do it
Did you hand paint your logos ?
Nvm you just said it😂, I want to make my the astartes Retributors but idk if I need permission from the creator
Very impressive. You have a new subscriber :)
this is what these figures would've looked like had mcfarlane toys still put as much effort into painting and washes as they did back in the day.
when i first got into 40K, i remember thinking what an horrible world it must be to live in ...
fastforward to 2021, and FFS it just couldn't come soon enough
Jesus Christ the paint here... it's fuckin' immaculate. I would LOVE to paint my artist proof but God, I can't paint to save my life. I bought it in hopes of getting the confidence to paint a Space Wolf (and find a beakie head sculpt if possible) but I know it won't ever look this nice lol. Do you take commissions at all? Truly incredible work here.
TKS
I've just discovered your channel, can you tell me what paint you used for the white base coat, please?
Just messaged you in Instagram my man
Id really love some tyranids
I bought one and is it heretical if I paint in custodes color?
Listen trying to be a hero I sometimes don't even bother and take care of the mold lines because I'm already going to college and Lift University so I'm asking already stuck Wayne about more things having my own cards to show off my business Matthew Lane Studios so I got enough but definitely I hope you give us more checks on how did let paint stick to McFarlane toys because I have a hard time with the Warhammer action figures they produce
Question for ya mate, how did ya go about painting the joints? Everytime I paint a moving joint on a figure the paint always chips off after changing poses, even when I do a thin layer to them!
The thin layer is the problem.. unfortunately they are designed as action figures so you can’t get away with the paint chipping buddy
Oof thx though mate!
I’m stuck here do you have any suggestions for primer paint?
Use any acrylic spray my good man
In the US somepeople use Krylon primers
whats the type of primer used here? great work sir.
I just use normal acrylic primer, I get mine from Halfords in the UK
@@FrogLaneStudio thank you so much, im trying to custom paint a friends fig.
Would a hair dryer’s heat affect a lacquer topcoat?
Any heat would affect the paint job, with lacquer and heat you run the risk of it turning ‘cloudy’ if heated
Yes, but I would al ssf o assy for those new to doing this with action figures, the plastic should be warm but not hot. If you've hated it to the point that it's hot to the touch, you're likely to damage the plastic. It should be warm enough to notice that the plastic feels soft and bendy, but not burn your hands hot.
So with that said, I haven't noticed anything more egregious than some crazing on a top coated figure, but I don't do it often and I haven't since discovering that better materials exist. Like I was using cheap craft lacquer the last time I did it and I know action figure customizers who use liquitex gloss and matte coats all the time, before reassembling the figure, and they don't seem to have issues with going milky or crazing. It's especially necessary in joints where there will be rubbing friction from posing.
Ordered one of these and plan to start this week. Dropped a sub and a like as I'll be using your content for tips
I will receive my McFarlane Ultramarine shortly : you said in a video that we can send it to you for re-painting but i didn't find how. Can you help me in that matter ?
Much appreciated
check out the about me section - email froglanestudio@hotmail.com
How did you get the head off
My other video shows how to do this.
What was the primer you were using? 😒
How essential is it to disassemble the figure?
If you want to be able to paint all the hard to reach places easily, then I would recommend doing it, its easy enough to dissassemble and reassemble
I'm painting abepta sororitas battle sister the artist proof version
Too bad they've stopped making the unpainted ones. Which is confusing, why did they stop selling the unpainted ones, but continued selling the ultramarine one?
Anti-shine varnish....Varnish it and give it a dose of testors or the equivalent.
AVE IMPERATOR BORTHERS!
that White Scar was playing too long in the sandpit
Im gonna fuck this up wish me luck
I followed your advice on using water, but the hip joint came out, and now it won’t come back in. Any advice?
Hair dryer buddy, heat both parts
Hot water bath first.
Hair dryer last.
Got it
Great tips... but 1. Do NOT buy a GW scalpel, buy a Swann Morton scalpel, Why? Well like everything GW wise theirs is 5 times the price and not as good! PS Swann Morton scalpels are what Doctors use to cut you up! lol Help!
Why would you buy blades from GW? The price must be insane.