Why We’ve Been Ignoring These Brain Cells | Great Minds: Ben Barres
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- Опубліковано 29 чер 2022
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Neurons often get all the credit for running the brain, but the work done by Ben Barres at Stanford University proved that glial cells are far more crucial to brain functioning than we had previously realized.
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Sources:
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med.stanford.edu/news/all-new...
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_cell
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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/ph...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/ph...
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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/il...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/ph...
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For a long portion of the video, I thought this was sponsored by Airtable…
I would stop ignoring my brain cells if I had any
Just be my friend, between the two of us we'll have one functioning brain cell
I feel ya.
Same
That's okay you don't have any to ignore
@@bagochips834 bro that's a great idea
I had never heard of Dr. Barres before; but damn, he seems like he was a super cool and perceptive individual. I'm glad to know of him now at least!
World is Big and Harsh nowadays.
So especially if you care to be informed:
Keep yourself updated with the amazing Problem-tackling UA-camrs Illumainugthii, knowing Better, and Some More News.
These 3.
Whetever its Crops, Water, Hate, LGBT, Ukraine, they cover so much and more.
This video is exactly why I LOVE SciShow soooooo MUCH! Thank you for enlightening the world in all areas of life!
If you want to know more about Ben barres, he wrote an autobiography called “autobiography of a transgender scientist”. It’s an easy read and a very moving insight into his life. In addition to being transgender he also identified as asexual/aromantic.
I'd been "ace" for many years. Once stress in my life let up, I found some interest again. But... the lack of respect I received, the pressure, it was gross.
Now, I have a son who may be ace, of some degree. And a Bi (maybe pan - she's just 12) daughter. Their father identifies as bi and I as pan, (we are split). The trend of USA right now... 😱
I kinda wish we could get out of USA. Since I can't get out, I'll work and fight like hell to get things turned around here. I'm immensely grateful to all those who've already fought, like Dr Barres.
Thank you for the tip about the book! Both my kids are voracious readers - I'll just have to get this in the house and it'll be consumed 😁
Agapé 303
I honestly thought for a moment that you said he identified as aromatic
Yuck
@@roosh2927 identifies as smelly..?
oh that's so cool!!
I learned about Dr. Barres during a seminar at my university (the speaker worked closely with him) and I have so much respect and admiration for Dr. Barres.
glad to see that you're not ignoring any brain cells there.
@@melanieortiz712 No. Him. I’m not going away you prunny bat. Stop gatekeeping and Deadgendering.
I can really relate to the male-female discrimination in STEM subjects. As a girl, I was consistently told 'women don't need maths' by my own teachers! Without a good grounding in maths, I really struggled with physics and chemistry - thankfully, I seemed to have a natural knack for algebra, which helped. I ended up doing a B.Sc in Psychology at one of the top universities in the UK - and yeah, maybe it's not a 'real science' 😣😂 but it did involve using statistics for research purposes. I'm still proud that I managed to pursue some form of science degree. I now work as a primary school teacher and the girls in my classes always do just as well as the boys in all subjects. The school now analyses the class results to check for gender bias. 👌
Funny, I sucked at math and aced every other subject, but learning chemistry helped me to finally learn math.
@@tiffanyvalencia8415 same
Yes it is a real science, and don't let anyone tell you otherwise.
@@tiffanyvalencia8415 Ah. That's encouraging. I keep trying to get my STEM skills up to scratch, maybe I could try doing it that way around instead. I'll have a go. :)
@@buffster948 yes, because that level of math actually became APPLICABLE via chemistry!
I'd like to hear even more about glia, synapses and neurons.
Read 'The Other Brain' by R. Douglas Fields.
SciShow Psych has an excellent episode on microglia.
I was upset to not learn anything more than I already knew because they wanted to turn this episode into trans promotion.
@@tiffanyvalencia8415 I am similarly disappointed that you seem to have misunderstood the thesis of this video. The purpose was to highlight the life's work of Ben Barres and give an overview of the major contributions that he made to his field-which he largely invented-and the greater whole of science. So it would've been incredibly disingenuous to ignore his advocacy for representational equity.
However, if your complaint is that you simply must know more about glia. May I recommend over a dozen foundational papers on the subject listed on his Wikipedia entry and dozens more available for free on CORE. If you absolutely must have the information in video format, there's a wealth of videos on the various glia, their known functions, and recent discoveries a few key presses away right here on UA-cam.
@@tiffanyvalencia8415
so if we talk about a cis woman and her fight for our equality and representation it's...
cis promotion? 🤔
Dr. Barres was the mentor for my PI when he was in school, we study Microglia too!
Our sincerest thanks to Ben Barres for all his work, in and out of the lab.
He balling, swag.
@@CosmicErrata oo
ooo
9
@@jtchannel6926 ua-cam.com/video/xoMgnJDXd3k/v-deo.html
Dr. Barres was an incredible scientist and human! A huge loss for neuroscientists (glioscientists) and most important, for society. Gender inequalities are present everywhere, and he faced it from both sides, the woman and man perspective's. In their seminars was always present his concern about this growing issue. He opened the discussion!
I'm wondering if there is equality anywhere when you look closely enough. Maybe equality is only a theoretical concept and doesn't really exist.
@@melanieortiz712 no. He.
@@ArawnOfAnnwn pushing back against false negative stereotyping is good and more people should do it.
@@ArawnOfAnnwn also, don't call people "it". Would you ever want to be treated so disrespectfully?
BLM ✊🏿
this episode was so lovely but also the idea of being in that situation of having someone praise my work over my "sister's" and being able to deliver that absolute smackdown? delicious. worth outting myself, depending on context. (idk what he did in that scenario and realize I'm saying this from my POV in 2022 in a place where i can reasonably assume i won't be hatecrimed in my day to day).
Read to many revenge plots, i'm on your bus, where to?
This made me happy as a trans man, both to hear of a trans person who thrived, and the sensitivity with which you talked about him. ❤️
Me too, especially as a trans man interested in going into chemistry or physics!
❤️
👍 for the open mind of Ben Barres!
Presuming someone can’t solve a problem because of their gender is ridiculous and I’m glad people speak out about it.
Being told your more recent work is better than your previous work is probably expected.
I think academic applications for admission, along with scientific papers, should be done on pseudo-random generated pseudonyms to avoid gender, name recognition, and racial biases. Once accepted for publication, papers should be published under initials (at least for given names) to avoid some of those issues as well.
Sad that a system like this is needed, but apparently it is. It's disgusting that so many people are still stuck in the Victorian era in their thinking. All symphony auditions should also be blind because there is a huge problem of misogyny there too. Some men must be forced to see that they are not inherently superior if they are unwilling to to stop being biased on their own.
I think what's far more sad is his own brother took his class, and not only didn't recognize him, but criticized his work
@@martletkay That is exactly how the symphony works. When auditioning for the symphony, you are behind a curtain and are judged solely on how well you play your instrument. It's why the symphony has as much diversification as it does now.
No it's not - that was also overt misogyny.
Do you think people regularly tell scientists (of any gender) your current self is much better than your previous self (work)? 🤔
(it's not your colleague/superior feedback evaluating your work, it was uninvited student's comment, if I didn't misremember it for a couple of minutes since it was mentioned)
@@al.the. the student said that the teacher's work was better than the student's sister's work. That student's sister was the teacher before transitioning. Making the student her brother.
I knew from the title that this would be interesting, I didn’t realise obviously, just how moving it would be too.
Watches video... " cool subject, cool guy, this is going to trigger some people "
Reads comments... " yup "
@YouAre Cancer Yup - how rude of him to assume their identity - they can be anything they want, including square circles...
Yesssss I love everything about this! You were a real one Dr. Ben Barres! 🙌🥰
Nowadays in America, I can't find not one white person that'll be somewhat honest and say that they're racist even just a bit, just to be socially accepted by their friends and the normalized community.
Black Power Man 🤣🙋🏿♂️
I'm a nonbinary person who wants to do a PhD in neuroscience. I was also discouraged from STEM as a kid because I'm afab.
It's so nice to see others like me contribute to the field I love so much.
I remember seeing Ben Barres as a part of Lynn Conway’s “Successful Trans Men” website when I was a teen, and felt inspired by his transition. Now I get to hear about his life’s work! Thank you Ben for all your work. And thank you to SciShow for highlighting his work!
Wow i had no idea how big of a contribution Dr. Ben Barres had made in the field of science. Thank You for this video. To more research in the places most overlooked!
So nice to learn about the person behind glial cells. My neuro psychology book obviously just presented what we know of the cells.
I am doing my PhD now, and I still remember moments from school where I'd 'logic' my way to an answer and my maths teacher would assume I had simply guessed. Although the answer was corrected. He could have calculated the odds of my being right.
Not saying I was great at maths, it isn't my field, but I distinctly remember that feeling when teachers didn't believe me when I got something right on maths tests. it still hurts.
Dr. Barres' autobiography is a good read if you can find it
Gave me an idea to use in computer neural networks. If a glial cell doesn't send the right chemical message, a neuron can't send signals. Applying that to to computer networks, you could disable certain neurons at certain times, forcing stricter paths in different situations. That would affect both training and using the network. Might have some interesting results
Yes these results would be decreased accuracy of prediction.
@@WsciekleMleko Not necessarily
@@DylanMatthewTurner explain me how disabling most weighted neuron in any layer will not decrease acc of model?
@@WsciekleMleko It's not permanently disabled. You store multiple versions of the net. One with all enabled and some with various random neurons disabled. Just like the non-neuron cells sending different chemical signals will enable/disable the neurons in the brain.
Another interpretation: If you think about layering each version together, then I suppose you could think of it as an extra dimension as well
@@DylanMatthewTurner ok you disable neurons copy then what? Retrain entire model? Other neuron will take same function over time. All you do is wasting computing time. Btw comparing progress and randomizing weights is already implemented. Why dont you gain basic knowledge about topic instead? This way you wont waste time on thinking of something that already exists or will have no real reason to exist.
got this in on the last day of the month you have to respect the hustle
A theory… almost all aspects of the human condition and pursuits will benefit from having an open minded approach 🍀👍💚
Thank you for highlighting this scientist. A fascinating person with such an important perspective! Keep up the great work!
Scishow: Here's a person who saw things differently, and how their life probably impacted that, and what they brought to science.
Bigots: God dammit scishow, this isn't a normal video. What the hell?
@@melanieortiz712 nobody is denying Ben's chromosomes here. We're talking about his gender identity being male, not his biological sex.
@@melanieortiz712 bigotry: obstinate or unreasonable attachment to a belief, opinion, or faction; in particular, prejudice against a person or people on the basis of their membership of a particular group.
Your belief is that your simplistic view of biology is correct. The point of being transgender is not a "I am a man/woman despite biology," it is feeling so absolutely terrible about _not_ being a man/woman/enby that you would do _anything_ to fix it.
@@melanieortiz712 gender is a social construct, not biology. biology is not heteronormative, our minds and culture are.
So, which cells are the ones responsible for calling up those awkward, cringe-inducing memories of past situations at the wrong moment? :P
Since there are dendrite cells, maybe there are dend*wrong* cells too and they're responsible for all that. 🤔
Real answer: idk lol
What a loss for both the scientific world and the LGBT community
Ben would certainly not feel that way today.
Thank you Ben Barres.
Thank you for telling us about ben.
I liked learning about Ben Barres. We need more transmasc role models.
"he transitioned in 1997" that's sounds like the absolutely opposite of a good time
no kidding. Must've been terrible
IIRC, it wasn't as bad as you would expect, according to his book. It was still really hard though of course
@@melanieortiz712 he
Dr Barres was such an amazing person, inspiration and hero, my hero! thank you for all you have done, paving the way for equality in the science field. You were an amazing person Dr Barres, thank you for all you have done. I hope your parents know just how amazing the man they raised. Rest in peace Dr Barres🕊
The optimist in me wants to believe that the papers did come off more intelligent then previous papers written as a women because of knowledge gained over the years but the realist in me knows it's purely gender equality
Thank you Scishow. I've loved learning about the brain and neurons and glial cells from this channel and scishow psych over the years, I've learned a lot and this video is no exception. Learning that another trans person like me had a huge role in the research makes it so much more interesting and inspiring!
This whole channel is GOLD for learning new things 😍 Thank You !
What an interesting person!
My admiration to the incredible work of Dr. Barres. That's tough and respectable work on so many fronts.
What a delightful surprise in the middle of my morning routine. New science hero!
Thank you for keeping compassion and curiosity in all that you do.
as a trans person:
im crying because im so happy you used all the right terminology, didnt misgender Ben even when talking about him before he transitioned, didnt deadname him, and took note that reducing barriers to entry and encouraging diversity are actually very beneficial things.
Ben Barres is an idol and you did a fantastic job of honoring him
@@melanieortiz712 most major psych and medical organizations publically disagree with you, and very few, if any, agree.
@@melanieortiz712 I hope your pupusas aren’t as sad and bitter as you are. Bye Felicia 😂
@@melanieortiz712 your chromosomes define *what* you are, not who you are.
@@melanieortiz712 you say, "real help" but getting real help is transitioning. That is by far the most effective treatment for people who do not feel right in their assigned gender. It's what works. It's what keep trans people alive, happy, and productive. Maybe you should consider more why you are so uncomfortable with people being different from yourself.
@@melanieortiz712 yes bitter and sad because YOU decide how ANYONE should live their lives?! You are a Filistine. And I pray you see the error or your ways. I’m sad for you. You are sad. Take this as a sign and look at yourself and the Sty in your eye.
Great video. I always knew there was more than just neurons but never knew exactly what. Not that I know more about them, I want to learn better of how to help my cells out. Thanks a lot. Any videos you make on the health and what nutrients these glia require would be fantastic...or anything more on glia for that matter. Thanks for the video!
Thank you for highlighting such an amazing person. I would not have known about him if you hadnt.
as per usual a lovely video!!
A collection of neurons and glial cells studys neurons preferentially because of the shape of the wad they create
Thank you so much for this! When I transitioned to female I noticed my accomplishments were noted much less and my intelligence doubted much more . Generally this effect is even worse if people know I'm transgender. I think trans people have a unique perspective on gender equality that I wish the world would acknowledge more often. We can learn a lot from the story of dr. Barres (and his work on glial cells!)
I thought the title said overclocked brain cell, I was like HHHHWWWWWHHHHAAAAAAAAAATTTT?!?!
I'm glad that wasn't just me 😅
Excellent vid before pride month ends. Im also a transman and I loved seeing this. ; w ; thank you.
Edit: Didnt include this earlier but I do wanna say, this pride month in particular has been hard on the entire LGBTQ+ community. There's been a lot of recent attacks on transgender health and transgender children in particular in the US and its important not to forget that we're here and we matter. The T matters just as much as the LGBQI and A. Going forward, we will need everyones consistent support to weather the fight against us, inside and outside of the scientific community.
You go on King with ur bad self! Know u r loved!
Here in the UK too, the rise in transphobia is insidious and terrifying.
I love how sci-fi the Glial cells look. It's amazing. I love discovering new discoveries by looking at already known things in new ways with new perspectives and sometimes you realize we were overlooking a important thing right in front of us this entire time...
Yet another giant of science we've never heard of.
World is Big and Harsh nowadays.
So especially if you care to be informed:
Keep yourself updated with the amazing Problem-tackling UA-camrs Illumainugthii, knowing Better, and Some More News.
These 3.
Whetever its Crops, Water, Hate, LGBT, Bias, Ukraine, they cover so much and more.
I needed to know he existed, thank you SciShow...
Rough segway to your sponsor but u pulled it off. Lol
Is it bad that I only see this as another term that us machine learning scientists will adopt for labeling newly novel node params/algos?
It is, since that will only serve to perpetuate the illusion of the truth of physicalism
The Other Brain by R. Douglas Fields is an excellent book on Glia.
I appreciate your videos, the videos are of great quality and wonderful information.
Thanks, I know some images when I listen to TWIN. This week in neurology.
So, essentially glial cells and astrocytes are there to maintain & form synapses of neurons?
Plz confirm or correct me by replying.
That is one of the jobs of astrocytes, but they do a lot more than just that.
They also form myelin sheaths and provide immunitary defense functions.
@@antonioscendrategattico2302 Thanks for informing
@@Its_just_Avi No problem.
Isn't it up to my brain cells to engage with me? What good is a brain if I have to do everything!
Rosa Cao is a philosopher at Stanford who has done a lot of work considering alternatives to the neural basis of consciousness, including studying how glial cells (e.g. astrocytes) fit a lot of how we think neurons contribute to consciousness.
Big respect for Dr. Barres ✌️
cried a little bit, very inspiring, s/o ben
Damn, what a badass! I'm glad he pursued researching glia. Little construction managers of the brain! And using his position to champion equality to a captive audience? Oh! Love it! What a beautiful and strong member of the trans community. May his memory inspire others to strive ever forward.
That thumbnail is a new meme template
What’s the logo on his shirt from?
Thanks for highlighting the work of Dr Ben Barres in Neuroscience. We transgender people are often overlooked and ridiculed and it's really wonderful to see our contributions to science getting the positive acknowledgement they deserve. After all, we're people too..just trying to live our best lives.
What a great story!
@@melanieortiz712 oh, I’m sorry that some of the world’s most accomplished individuals don’t live the lifestyle you approve of 🤣🤣 He certainly won’t be the last
I'm interested to know which brain cells don't replace themselves when they get old. With new senolytic drugs to clear damaged cells it would be good if more cells could replace themselves after damaged cells are wiped. Would hate to delete my memories in the cleaning process.
I vaguely remember learning as a child in the 80s that Einstein had a smaller than average brain but far more glia cells.
I really like that SciShow gives good layman's understandable meaning to terms and their functioning. As for me (a bone-head) I need that. Other technical reports, I generally just get lost and confused.
Could you please do an episode on which is better for the planet - cans or pouches - for shoppers trying to be green.
They did one on different shopping bags ie plastic vs fabric etc. Best practice is reduce reuse recycle in that order
@@The_Cyber_System I’m aware of that one. My question pertains to things like tuna in a can vs tuna in a pouch, or cat food ditto. The one on shopping bags showed me that intuitive choices aren’t always right, and I’d like to have a better idea where to put my money.
@@kassywilson7292 I suppose that's a good point. Intuitive choices aren't always right. I've also not honestly heard of it being in a pouch. I'd never heard of it at all until I saw your comment. Would you be able to share a link where I can see an example? Is it like taking a pouch with you to the supermarket and taking the amount you want like a deli meat, or is it more like the packaging the tuna comes in?
or glass bottles and jars. they can be returned to be refilled.
Aa a trans people I hadn't ever heard of Ben Benner but I'm glad he's getting some recognition I'm really inspired as I too want to research in physics more specifically
One question, are astrocytes the white blood cells for the brain or not 🤨🤔
I was a neuro major and I never learned about his personal life, despite being very familiar with his findings.
That's a bit unfortunate. (Ramon y Cajál is the only one who's personal life I learned about)
stars in my brain!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! internal stars that regenerate my brain cells!!!!!! this just really gets me hyped up cus imagine the kind of problems that could be solved by studying non neuronal brain cells closer!!!!!! that and ben really paved the way for openly transgender scientists today and it really hits home as a trans man myself. in my opinion opening up about your gender identity and becoming more familiar with who you really are is an additional benefit that trans scientists have.(especially neuroscientists) we understand changing our physical bodies externally and internally and accepting that change is something that can be extremely useful and helpful. i feel like transitioning opens the mind to digging deeper into the way our brains really work, and these kind of studies are super important to me.
Great video! Thanks for being awesome!
Lake lyn rock waterfalls ? 😂
That shirt makes me think of Q-Bert.
I’d say glial cells being responsible for a very large chunk of malignant tumours in and around the nervous system makes for a good counter argument that we’re (out of necessity) not in fact ignoring glial cells
Well, now we aren't. But back then we were.
Our brains cells are ignoring our brain cells?
1:42 Lookin' like a Biblical Angel there.
I didn't even know we had brain cells.
Don't feed the trolls, y'all. They want you to engage. Report, down vote, ignore, and engage with the quality comments instead. Replying gives their hate air - starve it of attention instead.
And who is "them", exactly?
I was trying to figure out why it struck me as "wrong" when you say oligos myelinate neurons, and then I realised that I was thinking of Schwann cells, which do the job in the peripheral nervous system. It's so bizarre to be that a core component of how neurons work is provided by another cell, rather than generated by the cell itself. Think about how synchronised the development of the two cell types would have to be for them to function correctly at the right time. And think about the fact the only reason you can think about that phenomenon is because it somehow works!
AND FOR PRIDE MONTH? Love to see it, Scishow 😘
Braincells illustrations looks like from hp lovecraft.
Glia are so important! I read glia can be born in the body with the Imprint of pain in them in the body. I hope that is wrong!
Dr. Ben Barres is a legend in multiple ways. rest in peace, man
Here's an idea of a topic for a future video: the science behind transitioning.
That is an awful idea that is guaranteed to piss of literally everyone. I imagine both trans rights activists and militant transphobes would be filling the comments with vitriol.
I'm afraid that won't do, since it will scare many people away from doing it
Probably, the reason why glial cells are often overlooked is also because they are trans :D
Glia is often considered an immune cell, and it reacts to and produces various kinds of immune signal. So the best way to describe their function in the past is by describing them as "immune cell that eats bacteria and somehow feeds the neuron."
It becomes even more confusing after we add..
"....and also controls synaptic potentiation, depression, synaptogenesis, and pruning. They also react to neurotransmitter (neuron communication chemical), produce neurotransmitter, and gets affected by immune response. So don't blame them when they cut too many synapse when you have a fever!"
Ben Barres beautiful human being
neurons are still cooler than glia. ben barres is a legend tho
🏳️⚧️❤️ thanks Dr. Barres. thanks scishow
SciShow needs to put out a hot scientist calendar. Ben Barres gets my vote for January
Did hank get new glasses
king slayed 💅
I read "overcooked brain cells" 😶😶
A neuron is also called a nerve cell.
no such thing as ignorex or overx or lookx or etc or not
So even in science fields where everybody is super smart and observant women are still seen like this, I had no idea