The Comanche Attack that Terrified the Spanish
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- Опубліковано 7 сер 2022
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As the troops and missionaries of the Spanish Empire trek north, they stumble into the orbit of a new power on the North American continent: the Comanche. An attack on the Mission of San Saba in 1758 terrifies the Spanish colonies, provokes the Battle of the Twin Villages, and ushers in an era of increased Comanche war raids.
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SOURCES
Gwynne, S. C. Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History. Constable, 2011.
Hämäläinen Pekka. The Comanche Empire. Yale University Press, 2009.
Weddle, Robert S. “Ortiz Parrilla Red River Campaign.” TSHA, Texas State Historical Association, 1995, www.tshaonline.org/handbook/e....
-. “Oyarzun, Juan Angel De .” TSHA, Texas State Historical Association, 1995, www.tshaonline.org/handbook/e....
Williams, Chad. “Battle of the Twin Villages.” The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society, www.okhistory.org/publication.... Accessed 8 Aug. 2022.
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Thinking about a Comanche sequel to this. What do y'all think?
History Dose, do a segment on that great Comanche chieftain, Quanah Parker.
Yes please and thank you!
Do it!!
History Dose it's hard to believe this is produced by such a small team - you two must work very hard! You're bound to keep raking in more views with such consistently stellar content across the board - from sound design to artwork to storytelling.
At this rate you could start to organize your content into playlists too, like video lists about native american conflicts, mongol invasions, WWII stories, etc. to more easily follow the overarching narratives you've been developing. Anyway, appreciate the amazing content as always!
plzz make vid of the 80yr war of spain vs holland 😁
With both this and the Zulu video, your tone of voice, pacing, and music, sounds less like a history lesson and more like a nature documentary. Almost as if you’re “listening” to history unfold, as it’s happening. Very immersive.
Great comment! Agreed :)
I concur. To add to that, with this style of reading a documentary which is nature like, this would even be great as a podcast. It conveys and surrounds you within the atmosphere, one can make up with their own mind of the setting of the landscape with how it is read. This is such a good piece.
Yes!
Black Legend crap: "The spanish masacreed millions..." trying to hide the REAL masacre that happened in actual USA and Canada were no natives can be seen in nowdays citys.
This is Not History. This is propaganda.
Beautiful description
Exactly!
Video Idea: Follow the Rus slaves conquered by the Mongols, sold by the Venetian slave trade to the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, who 20 years after their capture defeat the Mongols. One of the very few instances where the Mongols were defeated during their prime. As usual, amazing video! Best story telling history channel on UA-cam.
actually most of the Mameluke's in Egypt during that period were Circassian with the second most being Turkic, but Yes, also Rus, Georgian, Armenian, Greek, Albanian, Serbian and other balkan people's were Mamelukes
Baybars?
The Kazakh Baibars?
@@aburoach9268 I wonder is there significant European/half European population in Egypt because of this?
@@darren6564 Dude, that's Babar.
As a 5th gen Texan, I grew up on & traveling through, former Comanche territory. We even found a few old arrowheads @ former campsites. Until they got horses they were picked on by the other area tribes; afterwards they became quite the force to be reckoned with!
Just started looking into Native history but always knew about the Comanche’s badass reputation but never knew that. Kind of funny they got their hands on horses and said “revenge time” and became one of the fiercest tribes out there😂
We find arrowheads all over their are almost infinite of them everywhere, makes you wonder how many Real Americans were living in The Americas before columbus.
@@krono5el
I'm willing to bet Columbus still swore he was in India when he died. XD
They were the Mongols of our Hemisphere, no other people have adapted their society and culture around horses.
During winter Comanches raided Mexican ranches. They would drive the cattle and horses back to their territory. The raids almost reached what is Mexico City today. They were a wealthy and feared people. For more info read 'The Comanche Empire' by Pekka Hamalainen.
The Native American wars are pretty incredible things to learn about in the modern history of the Americas.
That's because most Americans aren't actually taught about how brutal my people fought back. You know, history is sadly written by the victors. I've heard the tales passed down from my grandparents and most conquistadors and manifest destiny punks took advantage of our kindness until we almost went extinct as a whole.
@@LOG4N98 calm down Logan
@@franciscomagallon3364 no. If everyone else is trying to stand up to inequality, my people deserve to have a voice too. I won't have some Italian or Spanish mf tell me to calm down when you haven't had your people almost eradicated.
@@LOG4N98
British Americans are illegals
-COMANCHE NATION
@@LOG4N98 preach
Pekka's Comanche Empire was one of my essential readings during grad school. I highly recommend it for everyone with an interest in American history (not limited to US history).
It’s a good one. A key source for this.
Also Empire of the Summer Moon by S.C. Gwynne is a brilliant read on the Comanche empire
DWhite- according to that book the tonka's we're driven to genocide by the Comanches due to the tonka's being cannibals.
mini pekka
I was gonna say pekka is a finnish name, turns out he is a finnish professor who wrote the book
We cannot overstate how incredible your storytelling is - we could watch and learn from these videos all day!
Thanks so much! Much appreciated :)
Black Legend crap: "The spanish masacreed millions..." trying to hide the REAL masacre that happened in actual USA and Canada were no natives can be seen in nowdays citys.
This is Not History. This is propaganda.
I was close again, I read a book called "The Revenant" by Michael Punke and he talked about certain tribes would wear red warpaint on the tops of there heads which meant that the person wearing the warpaint was a experienced fighter with a certain number of kills, with was also marked by the amount of feathers tied to his Chest and arms.
Edit: I would recommend making a video about the book I mentioned, it's a crazy good story, albeit it's not entirely true (the movie it does take some creative liberties to make the film more appealing), but the real story, in my opinion, is just as crazy of a story, would totally recommend the book and film, the character writing is excellent and I really think you guys could do something special with this story of vengeance and the sheer will to live and survive.
Probably the Arikaras or Pawnee or maybe Kiowa
The war bonnet that they gave the pope, is supposed to be for a war chief and each feather is supposed to be a kill I think
@@AntonioPerez-wf2lf that's what I said the feathers tied to there chest and arms marked how many kills they got in combat.
@@davidf2676 yea I watch the film too, pretty good film.
Read "Empire of the Summer Moon"....you will learn!
The Spanish conquered because the natives joined them in conquering. 80 percent of the invading force in Tenochtitlán were natives. The Tlaxcala natives helped conquer other tribes and even the Philippines.
That’s true, a lot initially viewed the Spanish as a chance to settle old scores. Things would often get worse after that though.
Very true, the Spanish would not have found success without their indigenous allies
@@dantecaputo2629 Worse? It get better after that. The black legend...
@@dantecaputo2629 No, it would only get better.
European colonization would not have been possible without willful native help.
Anything to do with Native Americans, Vikings, or Mongols are my favorites. But that's especially true when it's a one of your videos. Great work guys
All three cultures had amazing warriors.
As a Texan that has known both Comanche and Wichita folks, this was great piece on their history! Great job!
🙋🏾♂️ salute to you sir
Phenomenal topic, western natives deserve to have their history discussed at the very least, ik i speak for a lot of fans when i say im excited to this
I would love to see a part two to this and what happened to the Comanche Nation. You make excellent videos with wonderful art and a well-written script. Keep it up.
For that I would recommend you read the book "empire of the summer moon: the rise and fall of Quoana Parker and the Comanche, America's most powerful Indian tribe". It's my favorite nonfiction novel of all time and as you might be able to guess by the name, details the entirety of the golden age of the Comanche. They essentially would also go on to defeat Mexico, texas, and the United States over and over again in armed combat and are actually credited with being the reason for the formation of the Texas rangers. Eventually, it was not military defeat that forced them to succeed to the United States but rather starvation. Had the Buffalo not died out, the Comanche would have never surrendered. They never lost a single War
@@davidkimber4896 That is a good one and I have shared it with family. I would also suggest The Comanche Empire By Pekka Hamalainen. It is a more complete history of the Comanche.
@@roywoodrom9277 I haven't read that one but read the summer moon. I can't get enough books on comanche
They got owned by the English settlers.
@@tyrannywatch974 there were no more English settlers, ya doofus.
That last line gave me chills...A looming threat of a force that is so obsessed with progress that it will stop at nothing to achieve it.
@Jason Kopf and yet you people have yet to learn how to use soap and water to wash your arses.
Land was a natural right (Locke). Many Colonists left Europe as being poor meant no land for you to coming to the new world and finally make a name for himself. Imaging going through most of your life not being able to have the 1 very thing that would define you? That could turn humble to obsession.
@Jason Kopf No, that's what sedentary Americans do now.
Nice, I might have to come up with a random reason to put my kids in timeout so I can watch undisturbed :P If my wife comes after me, I'm blaming you guys!
Indeed, speaking during a History Dose premiere is itself grounds for a timeout
@@HistoryDose Lol too lenient! Spanking shall be the minimum punishment set forth!
Watch it with them.
Hey it’s your kids we ate the tide pods while you weren’t looking
@@tavernburner3066 The youngest is 2 so something tells me the wife wouldn't approve lol
Greetings from New Mexico! We were taught about these events to an extent in 7th grade. I enrolled in a dual credit course to hopefully learn more about it.
The Native tribes are still here, and I have actually been to one of the reservations in 2018. A very natural place I will say; as if humans had barely made their mark there. Lots of trees in a general larger land otherwise known for their sparsity.
1. School history classes are given with all the existing information on the event from primary to secondary. Unless you've lived in a country that puts a price on basic national knowledge.
2. The Indian reservation is a nice name for a concentration camp.
@@bvillafuerte765 1. I just said I live in the U.S. Learn to read.
2. I was referring to the land in the present day. I know that there used to be camps.
Fascinating. Another well done video thank you. A note about the end, the Maasai people are currently under attack by the Tanzanian government who want control over their lands. The Maasai are an amazing group of people their suffering now breaks my heart. They were the tribe that sent cattle to the US after 9/11 as condolences. Please if you all who read this could keep their fight in mind as this is what modern colonization looks like & spread awareness….thank you.
don't forget Palestine too, Free Palestine!!!
@@myproductions6225 no
Sending condolences to the masai
I'm so excited! I feel like there hasn't been enough on this channel covering the prowess of the native Americans after the viking and native American video, as well as the downfall of the plains Indians video. Sooooo pumped!!
What down fall
We are still here
-COMANCHE NATION
@@thechiefwildhorse4651 theres a few, most are sad drunkards. Fell off
You guys are on to something massive.
The quality of your work improves every episode.
Words cannot describe the feeling I get when I see a new video from y’all pop up. Thank you for all the work!
The warlike Comanches were so badass they prevented the Spanish from expanding up north. They unleashed devastation in(mostly northern) Mexico such that they unwittingly laid the foundation for the US conquest decades later.
Yeah raiding missionaries and unarmed people is so badass !!!
@@lucachanclagonzalez8087 Vikings did it, mongols did it, Romans did it and crusaders did it, I don’t see you mentioning them. Wonder why 🧐
@@Drahko12 bc in america the general narrative is animal loving nature living tribes killed by the white man when in reality they were just like everybody else like you said
@@Drahko12 cuz he spanish thats why.
@@lucachanclagonzalez8087 The Spanish did it too, in plenty of places in the world.
This was great as always. I’d love to see you guys do the death of Magellan, trust whole voyage was insane. He was betrayed, they abandoned people in Patagonia, they half starved to death and in the end he was beaten to death on a beach as he attempted to prove the superiority of the church. It’s a tale for the ages and you’d do a great job telling it.
This was one of the best history videos I’ve seen on UA-cam. I was totally transported to the time and place. The mood created completely made me feel like I was there
If anyone is interested in diving a bit deeper into the history here, there's a really good book called Empire of the Summer Moon that goes in depth into the history of the Comanche. Driving through Northern Texas had me really wondering how anyone could navigate those vast empty prairies.
Thanks for the recommendation... Did you read Killers of flower moon?
Thanks for the phenomenal videos. Very few history channels have been able to move me the same way some of your videos have.
More videos on the spanish in the Americas would be awesome!
Thanks Chris and Joe for another great video! You guys are truly underrated
These videos are legit some of the best ways to learn about history in a unique and entertaining way. I got chills watching this video, awesome job.
Glad to hear it!
Just gotta say, I got about a minute in and had to smash the like button. Enjoying the delivery, imagery, and how you use what story telling tools you have available effectively. Nice job sir
an incredible book that gives you tons of information about the Comanches from the start to end is "Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History" by S.C Gywnne.
I’ve read this book aswell. I recognized that some of the stuff in this video was also in the book.
Lmao not really that book is very weak in terms of actual Native American history.
@@byronseveright Seriously. I heard him on some podcast, can't remember which but he sounded like he didn't know anything beyond bare minimum facts.
The immersion is impeccable, thank you for bringing light to our indigenous histories. People tend to think that the indigenous were helpless against the colonizers. They are wrong, as stories like this show
lmao. yes you mean human beings as we all are though? lets try to humanize "the colonizers" after all they are our ancestors.
@@IsraelCountryCube what a comment and pfp combination
Colonizer. And that is intended as an insult.
This has slowly become my fav channel. The only youtuber id actually give money too, i love this stuff please never stop!!
Was excited about this one from the first artwork you posted. Few channels do a better job of telling history in such a rich way, that captures the micro and the macro in videos that are the exact right length. Amazing work, man, keep it up!
Thank you! Glad you liked it!
This, and your previous other videos (Zulu war, Malagasy pirates, etc) are some of the mythical-level of storytelling, not only do you capture our imagination but you manage to take us right into the historical event presented that not even GoT lore videos were able to. Great stuff!
Your videos does something that not a lot of history channels can do, which is the ability of immersion. The way you tell the stories I find it incredibly easy to put myself into the history a extremely powerful advantage in learning!
As a visual learner myself, I find the paintings and other visuals mixed with the immersive story telling to be the absolute best! If only my history professors expressed this much passion during lectures.
@@BarryB.Benson couldn’t agree more!
@@rhett1029
The music they choose to accompany the narration/artwork is also absolutely fantastic.
The last video re the Zulu Nation hit particularly hard, especially when he narrated what the Zulu King, Cetshwayo, said about his lands being invaded and him taken prisoner by the Queen's troops etc.
Don’t be believing every video as these will confuse you
You are honestly so amazing at what you do , thank you for making history enjoyable
I will forever be amazed by the art in your videos. Thank you all so much ❤
It's astonishing how the Spanish were able to expand their empire to such distances at a time when there were no steam engines or modern weapons. Even defeating fierce nations such as the comanches despite being so few in numbers. A true testiment to the reason behind the greatest feat in human history. The bravery and cunning of the Spanish were unmatched, a nation forged in a war of reconquest destined to become the world hegemon.
I’m Spanish and you are right, oír History is full of heroic Battles and brave soldiers, but the american conquest was a sign of aliance, out armys were madre of thousand of natives and just a few hundred or even 80 Spanish, the vídeo is wrong about the masacres, we libérate natives from the slavery of the other natives empires and they the crown prohibited the slavery of the natives, and the 80% of the gold never left the provinces
@@danielmorenosimancas7524 wild how people believe you, even your own king and queen were horrified at what your people were doing to the Indigenous nations of these continents
@@user-nv5sn3tb4e What the Spanish did to the Aztecs and Mayans was brutal and very much a betrayal of their trust, but they did make many alliances with underdog tribes all across South America, they were brutal to the tribes who were brutal, but kinder to those they found to be less "savage" to their fellow man. As a man who lives in a civilized society, that is an understandable decision to make.
@@sicsempertyrannis3782 imagine being so delusional as to think you have standing to judge other societies you know nothing about as being "civilized" or not. same mindset the conquistadors had.
@@user-nv5sn3tb4e i mean it depends if i were to explore an islamd for example and i found one tribe sacrificing kids to ensure their soil is good while they are basicly running around in dirt and badly constructed buildings. And one tribe with a clear democratic leadership that has well constructed buildings and an irrigation system. It would not take long to figure out who is more civilized.
NEVER STOP MAKING THESE VIDEOS PLEASE! Thank you.
Best intro ever for essentially what is a well delivered history lesson! Really liking this Channel. I grew up traveling & hunting some of their old territory in W. Texas. Great subject & well done! Awesome job!
This has quickly become my favorite history channel on UA-cam. The narration and artwork are first class!
The commanches as warriors and just as a culture in general are FASCINATING to me. I wouldn't mind if you guys released an hr long video on them with no artwork (although the artwork would be preferred), just to save time & money. This was awesome 👌
What a timing. Just saw the Comanches fight the predator in PREY and now the Spanish.
@Jason Kopf I’m sure you’d do sooooo much better
There is SO MUCH amazing production value in this video! The artwork alone makes me think I should be paying a subscription to watch this and other History Dose videos.
Loved how you guys incorporated shots of the landscape in between the painted images
Two days ago after watching Prey I was going to comment on one of your videos and request a Native American themed video as I knew you’d bring it to life brilliantly, and now I see this 😁
My absolute favourite history channel by far
the use of the audio effects combined with the movement of the illustrations really brings the story to life. incredibly immersive!!
Just watched the Maasai documentary you recommend at the end. Amazing piece thank you.
I know yall probably won't see this but your art work on the videos is absolutely amazing and perfect.
Genuinely excited by this I've been falling in love with your channel. Despite the relatively short length of these videos (compared to other channels) the quality is outstanding.
Beautifully presented. Thank you.
Okay the story telling was so delicious, spicy, sëxy, terrifying, thrilling, and divine that I subbed (and smashed the bell icon) immediately and then binged the entire channel… well done lad!
The artwork is improving with each new video, great job.
This is history how it should be told! Great work!
Phenomenal work as usual!
Great work guys, I love history. And I really love your guys style❤️🔥🤙🏼
Can't wait!
Amazing, just amazing quality yet again. Would love to see a video about the fall of the Aztecs or Inca. Such insane stories! Another great one would be the siege of Jerusalem 70 AD
The paintings in this are amazing. New to the channel so props to whoever the artist is. Really set the tone and atmosphere.
Oh my god the art on this one is wild, very well done. Never stop making videos like this
Thanks! Another Native American topic late in September
The sound design on these videos is insanely good!
A video on the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish or the Natchez Revolt against the French would be very interesting as well! Keep up the good work
Keep em coming mate, amazing work!
Love this! Very well executed! Thank you for sharing. ❤
Such a badass channel.
Very interesting and informative. Thank You for posting this. Well done!
Fantastic narrative style… very discerning. Thanks 🙏
Wouldn't be a history dose video without a reference to the Mongols. Love it
Love these videos. It's criminal how this channel is not over a million subscribers. Really enjoyed your Henry Avery video and I would love to see a video on the legendary privateer/pirate Sir Francis Drake.
Sir Francis Drake the English pirate was a murderer a thieve and a terrorist.
Much respect from San Antonio TX, this was especially good for me💯
Your videos gives me chills
I’m from San Antonio,tx.
I have Native American/Spanish acencestry.
There is such a vast amount of history on the soil I walk on everyday.
I recommend reading the book “Empire of the summer moon”.
Thank you for giving everyone a taste of history.
I didn't know about the comanche raid. I will research more about it. Thank you so much!!
Watch Prey 2022
New movie. It’s about them. Their last language
The raids were the reason the Mexican government invited foreign settlers into Texas. They wanted the foreigners to fight the Comanche.
I absolutely love hearing stories about history and seeing historic photographs. This is a very interesting story. Thanks for sharing!
Breathtaking presentation! Subscribed.
okay so i noticed you guys changed the cacti in the artwork of the front of the villages from the artwork you released a week ago, i don’t know if it was because i pointed out it was saguaro, but saguaros don’t grow in texas so good job changing it
Noticed it right after we posted haha, but good catch!
As others have mentioned, Empire of the Summer Moon is an essential read for learning of the Commanche
Your immersion style voice over is next level, great video 👏🏼
I got big chills this is such a awesome video!
Wow, the pieces you made for this video are beautiful and kinda reminded of a post-apocalyptic film, like “I Am Legend”, which fits well with the theme of how the Comanche seemed like an unstoppable force to the Spanish
The Spanish never actually thought that. The difficulty Spain faced was basically small numbers and supplies and a big geographical extension to control. Even in that situation peace was achieved. If you answer back, I'll answer tomorrow
@@holabuenas7200 yeah peace was achieved basically on the Comanches terms and they did have their own independent territory that the Spanish, Mexicans and Americans called Comancheria, I was referring to how during their war with the Comanche, they were formidable despite their small numbers, the Comanche came from the northwest after branching off the Shoshone and basically displaced most other peoples in the Southern plains of Texas, you should read the book Empire of the Summer Moon by S.C. Gwynne, it’s really good! I think you would enjoy it
@@DavidAguilar-wo6ho the Comanches had the numerical advantage on the Spanish, as well as geographical advantage, that's basically why the Comanches won for years against Spanish settlers, who, the majority of the times, were not even defended by soldiers, and had poor supplies. The Comanches avoided combat on open field, they based their actions on raids and surprise attacks involving several thousands, which were impossible to avoid by the settlers. Spain was always in disadvantage in that situation, It got to the point that Fermín de Mendinueta wrote to the Vicerroy of New Spain and considered abandoning New Mexico if he didn't recieve 1500 horses and powder for the soldiers. Things changed when Juan Bautista de Anza arrived in 1778. He gathered an army of initially 600 men made by soldiers, settlers and natives (not that much really) plus another 200 Ute and Apache in 1779. He eventually defeated Cuerno Verde that same year near the present day Colorado Springs. Anza was now prepared to negotiate peace. The Comanches were now devided in two groups, the ones that wanted peace, under the rule of Ecueracapa, and the ones that didn't, under the rule of Toro Blanco. Eventually, Toro Blanco was killed, and peace was achieved. The Spanish defeated the Comanches, they stopped being a threat, and in fact, the Comanche's power peaked after 1821, when Mexico became independent, and specifically in the 1840's, not when Spain was around.
@@holabuenas7200 you misspelled “divided” and seems like you really want the Spanish Empire to come back lol, have a nice day
@@DavidAguilar-wo6ho oh, wow, sorry, I misspelled a word in my third language, what a mistake. It happened because my autocorrect changed it to "devenir" and I didn't realize. What? What does that have to do with anything I've said? Where exactly am I implying that I want the empire back? Don't accuse me of random and unfounded things
One of my favourite book Iv read is Empire of the Sumer moon Quanah Parker and the rise of the Comanches
One of my faves too!
This was awesome; I'd hope to learn more about this in the future, great video!
Bro keep creating these bangers, I learn so much from you!
Reminds me of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 that doesn’t get a lot of attention outside of New Mexico. Revolt by Matthew Liebmann is a good book on the topic
The comanche would often raid into the apache lands as well
BEAUTIFUL! Subbed! Please make this a series!
Outstanding documentary. Loved it.
Reminds me of the book Blood Meridian, but that was the US Calvery and Spanish vs the Apaches
I only started watching your channel a couple weeks ago, but i think ive watched over half of it already. You do an amazing job of presenting these storys with wonderful artwork.
Thanks Alex! Should have another episode out this weekend :)
Great work on the video history dose.
Comanche : "hoorayy, we defeat spanish"
American : "let me introduce myself"
Hope you guys do China, India, Persia, and Ancient Mesopotamia one day!
Awsome Man great story ive not heard love it keep it up! 👍
unrivaled art and production, jaw dropping script and writing, stunning topics, Smooth buttery voice rivaling David Attenborough... how is this possible it's too good to be true.
babe wake up new history dose video dropped
I’ve always found those native to the plains very interesting. Such complex civilizations too.
Pray elaborate on the use of the words "complex civilizations" in this context. I don't want to be unpleasant, but to be honest it sounds like complete nonsense.
@@QualeQualeson Just look up any early native civilization in the United States, they had complex social structures, complete religions/mythology, the Mississippian Culture had entire cities, and the plains natives had very interesting housing structures.
@@PrestonFrankel Compared to what? Let's take the topical Comanches for example. According to Gwynne, they were nomadic hunter/gatherers on a near stone age level technologically. Culturally, they were fairly one dimensional in that they almost exclusively revolved around warfare. They were human, so there's a natural default complexity, but "civilization" by regular definition is hardly present. "Complex civilizations" is a comparative description. I'd like to know what/who you compare them with that elevates them so.
@@QualeQualeson please tell me unique civilizations too. Because every advance civ has writing, urbanization and blahblahblah
@@aurelian2668 Come again?
My Mind is ready to receive this
As usual, another great one!
I know for a fact that the Apache tribe I was around proved to me that back in the day they could drop 5 arrows on me before I fired 2 musket balls, and that was f'ing scary
Finally, my Spanish teacher taught us that the conquistadors encountered the Comanches long ago.