How to make benzene
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- Опубліковано 17 лип 2015
- In this video I will be synthesizing benzene from sodium benzoate and sodium hydroxide.
This procedure was taken from the ScienceMadness forum: www.sciencemadness.org/talk/vi...
The ratios of reactants used and the method of using the can was suggested by Organikum.
I forgot to mention in the video, but if you use glass, it does not conduct well and depending on how much you use, the glass can crack when cooling.
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Nile talks about lab safety: • Chemistry is dangerous. - Наука та технологія
Its pretty crazy seeing Nilered being such a sane chemist
I don't know how but this video feels wrong because it is from 8 year's ago
Yea
But nilered is a good chemist
>How to make benzene from substituted benzene.
Yeah. It's note really true synthesis. It's destructive extraction and distillation at the same time.
So? He never said it was true synthesis. The title is "How to make Benzene" which isn't incorrect.
@Wei Zhao Ok. Is that supposed to mean something?
@Wei Zhao Why are you mad lmao
@Wei Zhao I think you're the sociopath here.
Glad you are doing this! Not enough people are approaching dry distillation.
+sodrsnes Ill be doing another one on making pyridine from niacin at some point.
+sodrsnes Isn't it called destructive distillation?
john black It's the period comma dude again.. Chemistry seems sound. Portland cement does react with C02 but we've gotten way off goal. Ever think about short answers?
john you must kill the string of periods, makes it almost impossible.
Sorry about the old term. I learned 'chemie from very old material! It is from the older descriptions of making mineral acids.
Thank you, John for the description of the chemistry.
And,
Thank you Nile Red!!
I look forward to your synthesis of pyridine.
7 weeks of organic chem and i understand almost all of this video! knowledge is fun!
I studied chemistry, Could I know what do you study!?
exactly!! (it's been 2 weeks for me)
Yeahhh Tell usss????
7 weeks? My school would never give that much time :( was taught organic chem for 2 weeks maximum, and only 2 days to revise before having to sit for the exam.
Well, could you explain me the mechanism, sounds a little weird NaOH and Benzoate producing benzene
0:37 about that, biochemistry is weird. Nicotine is highly addictive and poisonous, but nicotinic acid or niacin is just a form of vitamin B3, which we need to stay alive.
Yess, It is a very fascinating concept! This actually also applies to drugs and there is a whole course dedicated to such concepts which is Medicinal chemistry. A cool example of this is with digitoxin and digoxin drugs which is a cardiotonic drug, they have essentially the same structure with just a few differences of chemical substituent on some parts but the difference is very much noticeable with digoxin lasting in the body for a day or less vs digitoxin lasting for almost a week!
These examples I get as they have different structural components, however, stereospecificity in biochemical systems I find even more interesting. Its crazy that one isomer will have no physiological response but its isomer that is the exact same structure except that it is the mirror image will and can be used for a therapy. Omeprazole is an example of this. It shows there is “handedness” in our biological systems.
Sodium is reactive metal that can explode when meets water, chlorine ia a poisonous gas.. yet we use sodium chloride for our foods...
A lot of chemicals are like that.
Methyl alcohol is POISON!
Ethyl alcohol is in your favorite drink
Propyl alcohol is not as toxic as methyl alcohol but still dangerous.
all CBSE students are here 😂😂
Chemistry is so difficult . The people who came up with the theories behind it must have been incredibly intelligent(and brave).
Imagine being the first guy to make TATP
@@BrianMusic12 😂😂😂 the structure is dangerous along with the uses too
Hats off to all the crazies in the middle ages with lead poisoning
and probably high
@@bryandeparsia1949 а сколько погибло химиков пока открывали HF ?
I absolutely adore your videos,man! Recently I got into chemistry needed for medical school and learned a lot from you!
Me, an Explosions&fire enjoyer: I remember benzene! Its back!
Yellow chemistry intensifies
@@johnmorrell3187 you never want your chemistry to be yellow
@@TheRandomshite123 me dissolving bismuth for uni: it's green why is it green uh at least it's not yellow, oh nuts it's gone yellow
Is there any one form 2024 ??
No
💀
💀
Yea, I’m learning chemistry so I actually know what he’s talking about lol
No
it is so interesting to see all these reactions that i hear about and use in class actually being made in laboratory conditions
I genuinely enjoy your videos.
I've been through most of them a couple of times now.
You pretty much inspired me to do chemistry courses now even though I just finished my degree on something that has nothing to do with the sciences.
You're great!
8 years have passed are you still interested in chemistry?
@@lxnst321 I genuilly like this question and I'm very interested in the answer
Me too@@hummppffkrt1692
ive got no idea what benzine is but now I know how to make it
It's the main component of gasoline I believe. It's the part that smells and burns.
its a ring of six carbons and six hydrogens with 3 C=C bonds
The main component of petrol is octane and isomers thereof. There is benzene, and benzene derivatives, in petrol but they are not the major component.
corn-dog lebron Not really. There aren't three double bonds in benzene, there's just one bond we call "delocalised". We indicate it with a circle.
really? i thought it had the formula C6H6 so I assumed it would need three double bonds.
A turbulator in your condenser makes it much 'longer' in terms of condensing power.
Its a twisted ribbon of an inert material installed inside the condenser that allows vapors to pass through, not to be confused with column packing media.
It breaks up laminar flow in the condenser: sometimes the vapor stream is cooled only near the condenser tube wall and you can lose vapors.
The turbulator also forces vapors to travel a spiral path down the condenser tube effectively giving them a longer condensation path, and the thing has a large surface area, increasing condensation performance even more.
*in Russia you just made moonshine*
More like Poland
That sounds safe.
Benzene is carcinogenic
I believe ethanol can cause cancer in the amounts used by an alcoholic as well. But seeing as I learned this from The Simpsons, it very well may not be true.
Lmao
Classic Nile-Tube synthesis. Outstanding.
It's great to watch how much better your videos are now
Interesting, I just did a decarboxylation of citric acid to make isopropanol (just for fun) and I too had a white vapor and a weird orange color. Although the orange impurity didn't make it into the receiving flask, it's still strange how similar it was to this.
dont know if this is useful to anyone in any way. but maybe thisll get viewed by someone who likes it... sorry if this is a bother to anyone:
Carbon monoxide combines with
potassium at 80° to form a salt of
hexahydroxybenzene, the latter being
liberated on treatment of the salt with
hydrochloric acid (Brodie, Journ. Ch.
Soc. [3] 12, 369; Ann. 118, 358;
Nietzki and Benckiser, Ber. 18, 1834). Hexahydroxybenzene gives benzene
(and diphenyl) on distillation with zinc
dust.
secure email, thanks for the information, im 58 and always loved chemestry but only took it seriouse the past 3 years and make my own fireworks now for my grandchildren, i havent got a clue what all that meant but it sounds good anyway lol
you take 3 blood oil and take them to your nearest fabricator
nice subnautica reference
eyyy subnautica
Hahaha
0:09 is related to thos comment
Omg The Crushing Of The Benzoate At The Beginning Is So Satisfying
I really enjoyed watching this very beautiful reaction. Thank you very much :)
Holy passive voice... Glad you improved this over the years
It sounds like he’s reading from like a lab write up, vs the more recent ones are like he’s telling you what he did in a conversation , I agree the conversational fits a lot better for youtube.
Thank you for your efforts! This is really interesting for me, a beginner chem guy. I like how you show us the formula too.
Hi NileRed! I have been subscribed for a while now and wanted to know what courses you took in high school and college? I’m interested in chemistry and your work with your apparatus to make useful and fun things really peaks my interest, thank you!
Wow !!! Ur way of explaining & doing experiments is awesome Sir !! Plz make more videos ...
Good night, my name is Gabriel. I write from Brazil and I work in organic synthesis and I find this channel wonderful. I'm starting the synthesis and I write down everything about your videos! I make derivatives of quinazolines and wanted to know more about this synthesis! I love your videos! 😍😍😍😍👏👏👏👏❤❤❤🌍
This was such a clean video, I loved it
siempre es un placer ver tus videos ,muchas gracias
The orange colour is due to the inner suface of the can. If you use the can more often the vapours aren' t cloudy anymore and the destillat is colourless. ( Sorry for the Bad English....i am from Germany)
Your English was better than some English people I know. Don't worry about it.
Do you need to use a can? Could a glass container be used instead?
@@MrKudmar I think it would work with a glass flask too but it could crack due to the high temperature.
@@stefanstark4575 thanks! I'm trying to teach myself, so every little bit helps
Tried several types of cans. Always come the orange stuff. Might be some bisfenol or other crap
*No CaO for the decarboxylation??*
Thank you,you helped me with my sience project
I've never worked with benzene but I recall a photo I saw years ago of an ice cube floating in a beaker of water, next to a benzene cube submerged sitting at the bottom of a beaker of benzene, with the caption explaining that icebergs float and benzenebergs sink.
You magnificent man, it's like you know exactly what I want to see! Also, I noticed a distinct lack of your normal warning, which I thought was a bit odd.
DFliyerz Sometimes I forget! :s
DFliyerz Well, hopefully anyone with the required equipment would know how extremely dangerous this could be - ie horrible death from cancer 20 to 30 years from now if you mess up.
I really should have put a warning...
Nile Red uuuhhhhhh, you did. i mean people are idiots after all, but you can only go so far out of your own way to protect an idiot from helping themselves to a darwin award!!!!!!! i say the cleaner the gene pool, the better!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
skydyverjym
Benzene is a genetic mutagen it'll dirty up the gene pool if anything
Do you know the temperature the reaction vessel needs to get to for the decarboxylation reaction to initiate and for the benzene to distill over? Or do you just heat it up as much as you can with the propane stove? I'm trying to see if it's possible to do this with a steel vessel wrapped in insulated heating tape, or if that won't get to the temperatures needed.
He said it was at medium heat with the camping stove.
That white vapor looks amazing
Thanks sir. It was very useful.
Using a forum for a references, gotta try that one in my papers😂😂
Thanks a lot for making such useful chemistry videos based on experiments. :)
Very nice preparation of benzene 👍
As an environmental tech, I spend a lot of time dealing with this one. It dissolves in groundwater and then is a problem for a very long time.
Ur a chemistry genius, I love ur way of explanation with the basic info.
..
U r my Walter white❤️
Thanku for explaining in such a dope method...
I watched so many new-nile videos that the safety part got me by surprise
I want to ask about toluene. If I have found paint thinner wich contains of isobutanol and toluene, what is the best way to separate the toluene from it? Through fractional distillation or by washing couple times with water and letting it stand, separating the water and isobutanol layer from toluene (because toluene is insoluble in water, but isobutanol is soluble)?
We have a family friend named Mark that use to do a lot of research in food science, one day we where fishing and I asked him how lab safety is different now than it use to be back in his time. He laughed, and said "Well, considering we use to wash our hands with benzene, I'd say its pretty dang different".
I got about exactly the same remark when asking the same question to a family friend who used to be an inorganic chemist for Philips hahaha
@@BeesKneesBenjaminI got several thousand dollars worth of lab equipment for 100 euros because someone from Philips had an early death. He had heart issues but I took all his equipment and chemicals and it included major carcinogens and stuff. Weird how scientists manage to die so quickly by being lazy counts with safety.
Benzen is actually the pronounce of car fuel in sweden
Falcon bensin
same in arabic, ironic i say
German too
@@johnapple6646 German is Benzin, not Benzene. Benzene in German is Benzol. (Or more technically correct Benzen, since -ol indicates an alcohol which Benzene isn't. Everyone calls is Benzol for some reason though.)
Falcon same in turkey
Thanks for this best explaination through experiment
Man you are very detailed!
Hey man, what camera are you using? I like the quality of your newer videos. Is the soft focus (sharp focus? shallow field of depth? not sure what to call it) of the background something intentional or just a property of the camera you're using to film?
+kjpmi It depends on what I am doing, but I like to keep the background defocused when i can. I am using a Canon 6D, but the lens is the 24-70mm F2.8. It allows me to make a pretty shallow depth of field and blurry background (when at f. 2.8).
Thank you, NileRed!
There are tons of people with videos on wood gasifiers. Their core problem is condensate containing tar. They all want to separate out the wood gas and reburn the condensate. (Worse they just want to throw the condensate on the ground. That stuff is poison!) I think that's the wrong direction. I'd like to get as much of the liquid condensate as possible and refine it. I can't find much information on what's in wood vinegar/pyroligneous acid or any of the other compounds resulting from destructive distillation of wood. (I think the Wikipedia articles are very incomplete, even wrong. Why don't the articles mention the word tar?) Any suggestions on refining the condensate?
@UVxtal76 Like refining crude..
Wow, I think this was one of the first NileRed vids I saw where he didn't feel compelled to taste what he made. Good call.
wow nice video! understood very well. I call this chemistry not just studying formulas!
I really like this reaction, but I never tried it. I don't like the idea of working with carginogenic compounds, that can evaporate. Nice presentation, as always :)
True story : carcinogenic compounds that can evaporate are the best of all. The worst are very dense and high-boiling point aromatic solvants like xylene. The horror ; you buy it thinking buying a nice non polar solvent for extraction. The liquid death...
I first thought of a process, that required easier materials, but wasmuch harder. I thought of using CaCO3, carbon and water. CaCO3 would need to be mixed with a right amount of carbon and heated. CaCO3 would turn into CaO and CO2. CaO would react with carbon and turn into CaC2 and CO. Then CaC2 should be dropped into water and it would produce C2H2 and Ca(OH)2. C2H2 would need to be collected in a big container with the opening on the bottom, (because C2H2 is lighter than air). When the tank is filled up with C2H2, in high pressure and low temperature it should turn into benzene.
what do you do with your water washing's, and how do you clean out your distillation glassware?
Very professional!
Why was i expecting it to be a hexagon💀
Brother you read too much theory
Btw jee Aspirant??
How did you clean the residue off of your glassware? What did you use?
I had a terrible time cleaning my glass afterwards.
I love this channel!!!
Very interesting method thank you sir
What was the orange liquid you distilled the benzene from?
bisphenols produced by various side-reactions
@@SuperAngelofglory you get a like
Blood oil from the blood kelp of planet 4546B(subnautica reference)
maybe try Friedel-Crafts alkylation with chloroacetone
Funny
You know, there are better ways for making P2P
@@ghostface4167 The above is, hands down, the easiest but one of the most unpleasant and dangerous. So what's a better procedure in your opinion?
@@alex6629227 Thats mostly what i meant, thats not best because its dangerous. Don't know really, maybe acetone enolate with halobenzen, or just FC or Gringard with acetic anhydride.
Then again, i'm not really too familiar with the topic that much :)
You are a genius Nile Red.
Good work!!!
Remember benzene? Its BACK
Bro gave nightmares once again to jee and neet aspirants😂
Good decarboxylation experiment. Thanks.
great video!!
I love that you colored the atoms in this vid. I'm often confused in your vids about where some atoms magically appear from. For example in the reaction graph you have a 3:25, where did the carbon come from in the final Na2CO3? I know that in this type of graph there are a bunch of carbons hidden in the hexagon but aren't all of those in the Benzene at the end? Where did the phantom carbon come from? Was it at the junction of the two Oxygen's in the Sodium Benzoate graphic? I know little about chemistry and love your vids, Thanks.
Yes, it was from the junction between the two oxygens.
The carbon was from the carboxylic grp on benzene
When I was a lad, we made our benzene by passing acetylene down a strongly heated cast iron tube.
It was, of course, really dangerous but we were teenagers and even tried to make our own TNT (via aniline).
I am a teenager and was wanting to make tnt too, maybe with toluene or something
Hey Nile, when you first distilled the powdered mixture of NaOH and sodium benzoate, did you distill as a fine powder or dissolve it in a mixture?
the best chem tutorial
Do you have a donation system to help fund these great videos? I'd love to help!
Darude Also, you should check out the reaction of iodine and hydrogen sulfide to form hydriodic acid.
Darude I will look into making a link tomorrow. I definitely wouldn't mind it!
What is that orange liquid left in distilling flask?
+LaFFle There are lots of bisphenols inside, as I've read somewhere. In any case, it's deadly, foul smelling and it's best to soak it on some tissue paper and burn it outside.
I have place it under IV light and it glows orange.
Bisphenols
Bisphenols are also a plasticizer that is being heavily phased out, for obvious reasons.
Derivatives of organic syntheses may involve compounds with a significant amount of unsaturated bonds (e.g. R2-C=C-R2, R2-C=O or R-N=N-R, whereas R is an organic substitute), as well as functional groups (e.g. R-OH, R-NH2, R-NR2) containing lone pairs of electrons. These compounds involve a lot of delocalized electrons which absorb light in the visible spectrum because they're easily excited by these wavelengths. Therefore, we see a certain colour.
70% yield with all those losses due to transfers! Bravo! The purified transparent benzene looks great!
We can form the benzene by passing acetylene gas from red hot iron tube (or) distillation of phenol with zinc also gives benzene
What are the best safety precautions to take? Often the dangers brought by benzene is hyperbolised greatly and so it is difficult to gauge exactly what the real danger is.
JMAPScience The real danger of benzene carcinogenicity, which generally comes from long term exposure. Avoiding benzene altogether is impossible because benzene is in tobacco smoke, car exhaust, gasoline, etc.
The other major danger is the obvious flammability of an organic solvent.
JMAPScience Simply filter your breathing air through a cigarette and you'll be ok.
E2qNX8btraQ3zRD6J7fc :D
+JMAPScience Don't inhale it, don't drink it, avoid any contact, don't release it into the environment and avoid any sources of ignition! Back in 1976 (when I was 14 and very active with my chemistry experimental kit) I rather easily could buy it in drug stores and some pharmacies. The chemist from the pharmacy did sell this stuff only to adults (my mother then), the drug store man did sell to me directly without any questions.
NileRed said it best. Carcinogenicity, but that's really from long term exposure in large doses (needless to say, like all such substances don't push your luck lol).
Hi!
I watched your video about making phenol from salycilic acid. I was wondering if it is possible to make phenol from benzoic acid,using same procedure, as benzoic acid is much easyer and cheaper to obtain.
Thanks :)
Nikola Jambrović benzoic acid is cheaper and easier to obtain than aspirin???????? holy shit, I thought I lived in a communist country!!!!!!!
Yes, because you just have to mix some benzoate (potassium ,sodium or even calcium) with pretty much any acid and there you go, you have benzoic acid :)
and getting aspirine from tablets and then converting it to salicylic acid - seems expensive and long way to me :/
skydyverjym 50 tablets, 0,5 g of aspirine each, cost arround 10USD, or even a bit more. So that's just 25g of aspirine for that prie. On the other hand, i can get 10g of sodium benzoate for arround 0,2 USD(i can get it in almost any store as food conservant), and 10g of sodium benzoate, combined with some hydrochloric acid yields up to 8,5g of benzoic acit. That was my point, this is much cheaper. So for same price (10USD) i can make more than 400g of benzoic acid :)
Whats the relative humidity in your lab? I'm surprised how dry your NaOH powder stayed. Whenever I weigh out NaOH is immediately starts pulling water from the air. But I do live in a rather humid area.
In your preparations of cadaverine and putrescine, you performed the decarboxylations using sodium bicarbonate. Here, you performed the decarboxylation using sodium hydroxide. Perhaps the hydroxide is too harsh to use in the earlier decarboxylations.
Hi, what could be fun since you have relatively quite pure benzene is to purify it even more by crystallization since benzene has a high melting point.
Who is watching this video now?
A tenth board exam student LOL 😂
I love glass lab gear so much. No clue why.
this is interesting to revisit after my town had a water crisis related to benzene(and naphthalene)
Webmd.com says that sodium benzoate reacts with vitamin C and turns it back to benzene in the soft drinks.
Wow, that's a trip...vapor from two powders=a petroleum distillate. What a round about way of getting your benzene, LOL! Thanks for the videos!
You are an awsome UA-camr 👍
Thanks U so much
- This Amazing!! ✨
Phenol+ Zn = Benzene + ZnO
Subnautica players: *finally*
I literally had an exam on this topic of preparation of Benzene, (although it was an entire chapter of organic chemistry - hydrocarbon) yesterday
Cool vid! Off to the next one :)
Man am I glad you stopped doing the passive voice later on.
Weird bong u got there buddy *but i like it*
Thanks bro!
That part of the video when benzene starts to distill was very cool.
How to make benzene, me :
/¯¯¯¯\
/ O \
\ /
\_____/
How the hell did you manage to grind sodium hydroxide without it sticking?? It's too hygroscopic
Legend has it that Canadian atmosphere is completely anhydrous
snowdaysrule2 Anhydrous due to the Canadian air being saturated with poutine and maple syrup vapour
christianvn1 which were proven to be exceptionally hygroscopic. 2001 Nobel prize in chemistry.
maybe it also mixed with rests of sodiumbenzoate in the grinder that coated the sodiumhydroxid and absorbed some of the moisture
Yeah! You r absolutely right. I've the same question.
great vids as always nile red thanks u for what u have show us already great stuff :)
+jon hoyles Thanks!
Please what kind of water pump do you use? I am curious about the necessary power for pumping enough water and compatibility with the hoses.
Very late to the "party". The benzene nucleus was already present in the sodium benzoate. I would have liked the alternate path starting with coal and limestone. Vigorously heating a coal/limestone mixture yields calcium carbide. Reacting the calcium carbide with water yields acetylene gas (C2H2). Passing the acetylene gas through a warmed tube induces trimerization, which is the desired benzene (C6H6). Rocks become liquid hydrocarbon.