We made a couple of simplifications for this episode. The first is the structure of dioxygen (0:31), which is shown with a valid Lewis structure-but oxygen actually has diradical character itself! Read more at the link below. At 10:09 we show a mechanism with orbitals. The “p-orbital” we refer to is technically an antibonding π* molecular orbital, which is an advanced topic that we haven’t covered in this series. Thanks for watching! chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_Structure_and_Reactivity_in_Organic_Biological_and_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Schaller)/V%3A__Reactivity_in_Organic_Biological_and_Inorganic_Chemistry_3/04%3A_Oxygen_Binding_and_Reduction/4.01%3A_Introduction
I also wish for SN1/SN2/E1/E2 reaction mechanism and what factors there are to spot which reaction it is. That's the main issue I have with Organic Chemistry and I still don't get it :((((
1. You forgot "Crash Course Organic Chemistry #19" in the title 2. Be less shy and include your names in the doobly doo (dooblidoo?) I had to turn on captions to finally put the presenters name with correct spelling into my brain :) I am thoroughly loving the content, hope you're as proud of it as you should be!
I also wish for SN1/SN2/E1/E2 reaction mechanism and what factors there are to spot which reaction it is. That's the main issue I have with Organic Cheistry and I still don't get it :((((
@@sana_speranza So first you have to just understand the order in which each of the reaction schemes occurs. Then it becomes clear that only reaction that have the most "stable" intermediary step can occur (difference between 1 and 2 type reactions). Like "tertiary" carbocations are very stable, thus the halogen can leave by itself without being forced out. On a primary site, a carbocation would be unstable, so a simultaneous step is needed such that in the intermediary is a situation both the incoming and outgoing groups are 'attached'. The last thing to learn is the difference between Elimination and SN and which is 'favoured' when, this I found the most Tricky since there is nuance. E1 is similar to SN1 (often both occur, leaving mixtures), where E1 requires more energy, i.e. heat (since the intermediary is less stable, it requires more energy to get to it). E2 can happpen with secondary sites, and ofcourse both E mechanisms can only happen when there is something to take the hydrogen. No BASE no E. Also consider how the molecule "looks" in a 3D sense. You can then get more into the nuances. Like is the "attacking" group a "strong" attacker, which is a energy thing. This simply means that the attacking group is much stabalized by forming an intermediary, meaning it will do so. Whereas a weak attacker is kinda "happy" in solution. So in order of general importance: - is there a suitable leaving group? - how is the leaving group itself, will it be happy in solution by itself (Cl- is very happy for instance, but depends on the solvent) and how is it in the solvent. - Identify the substitution site. - Primary, secondary tertiery? how stable would an intermediary be? - Is there a Base or a nucleophile? - How "strong" is the "nucleophile" (attacking group?) or the Base. - are there bulky (sterically 'big' groups) that might shift balance. (you cannot "attack" a group from behind (like SN2) when there is no space) - is there heat (E doesn't like cold) Are more than 1 mechanisms possible, then you likely have competition. Hope this helps!
youtubers "The Organic Chemistry Tutor" and "Leah4sci" have good videos explaining nuances and the general mechanism once you get into it a little more.
Is anybody else confused by the explanation for why the difference between Bromine and Chlorine results in different proportions of final radical products? I still can't wrap my head around that part...
We made a couple of simplifications for this episode. The first is the structure of dioxygen (0:31), which is shown with a valid Lewis structure-but oxygen actually has diradical character itself! Read more at the link below. At 10:09 we show a mechanism with orbitals. The “p-orbital” we refer to is technically an antibonding π* molecular orbital, which is an advanced topic that we haven’t covered in this series. Thanks for watching!
chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_Structure_and_Reactivity_in_Organic_Biological_and_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Schaller)/V%3A__Reactivity_in_Organic_Biological_and_Inorganic_Chemistry_3/04%3A_Oxygen_Binding_and_Reduction/4.01%3A_Introduction
Oh, I was thinking about other types of radical reactions - you got the timing just right
I also wish for SN1/SN2/E1/E2 reaction mechanism and what factors there are to spot which reaction it is. That's the main issue I have with Organic Chemistry and I still don't get it :((((
Hahaha
After all the stuff that has happened today, it took me a minute to realize radical reactions was referring to organic chemistry
I know, I had the same exact thought. Wow.
"Radical Reactions", what a time for this title to hit the upload queue.
I love how I learn more here than history class
Whoa. That was a lot to digest.
Radical reactions was definitely the right topic for today
1. You forgot "Crash Course Organic Chemistry #19" in the title
2. Be less shy and include your names in the doobly doo (dooblidoo?)
I had to turn on captions to finally put the presenters name with correct spelling into my brain :)
I am thoroughly loving the content, hope you're as proud of it as you should be!
I also wish for SN1/SN2/E1/E2 reaction mechanism and what factors there are to spot which reaction it is. That's the main issue I have with Organic Cheistry and I still don't get it :((((
@@sana_speranza So first you have to just understand the order in which each of the reaction schemes occurs. Then it becomes clear that only reaction that have the most "stable" intermediary step can occur (difference between 1 and 2 type reactions). Like "tertiary" carbocations are very stable, thus the halogen can leave by itself without being forced out. On a primary site, a carbocation would be unstable, so a simultaneous step is needed such that in the intermediary is a situation both the incoming and outgoing groups are 'attached'.
The last thing to learn is the difference between Elimination and SN and which is 'favoured' when, this I found the most Tricky since there is nuance. E1 is similar to SN1 (often both occur, leaving mixtures), where E1 requires more energy, i.e. heat (since the intermediary is less stable, it requires more energy to get to it). E2 can happpen with secondary sites, and ofcourse both E mechanisms can only happen when there is something to take the hydrogen. No BASE no E. Also consider how the molecule "looks" in a 3D sense. You can then get more into the nuances. Like is the "attacking" group a "strong" attacker, which is a energy thing. This simply means that the attacking group is much stabalized by forming an intermediary, meaning it will do so. Whereas a weak attacker is kinda "happy" in solution.
So in order of general importance:
- is there a suitable leaving group?
- how is the leaving group itself, will it be happy in solution by itself (Cl- is very happy for instance, but depends on the solvent) and how is it in the solvent.
- Identify the substitution site.
- Primary, secondary tertiery? how stable would an intermediary be?
- Is there a Base or a nucleophile?
- How "strong" is the "nucleophile" (attacking group?) or the Base.
- are there bulky (sterically 'big' groups) that might shift balance. (you cannot "attack" a group from behind (like SN2) when there is no space)
- is there heat (E doesn't like cold)
Are more than 1 mechanisms possible, then you likely have competition.
Hope this helps!
youtubers "The Organic Chemistry Tutor" and "Leah4sci" have good videos explaining nuances and the general mechanism once you get into it a little more.
Thank you for being such good friend for us 🇺🇸
Genius comedic timing
Thankyou crash course for making an app!!!!
Is anybody else confused by the explanation for why the difference between Bromine and Chlorine results in different proportions of final radical products? I still can't wrap my head around that part...
Organic Chemistry is important.
"Radical reactions"
Hehe political timing.
Ye
Why don't the solvated electrons continue filling the other empty p orbitals and turn the alkene into an alkane?
Grade for this video : Excellent 🔥🔥🔥
Me and my husband were discussing how capsaicin reacts in our esophagus and were wondering how it can cause a tear in the tissues
I keep hearing R o U S and thinking "I don't think they exist."
.the free radicals topic is new to me but I know a little about alkanes and the different types
the thumbnail made me think of the song "Renegades" by the Ambassadors
I thought the title involved Richard Hammond, boy was I wrong.
Love this!
Great to hear some science about anti-oxidants, but why did Deboki have to end the party?
Amazing!
*“HAMMOND!”*
Omg Hank green
I dont even study chemistry. I just come here to feel stupid
Thanks
Hammond's Postulate in a channel called Crash Course makes me think of a hamster.
Ok so mind-blowing
thank you
Sir
I am from India (Kashmir)
Plz help me in maths
Oi Hammie, this exhoost fume tastes kinda funny.
"Weird" Chemistry
First...
At least until I refresh.
👍👍👍👍👍👍
that was really fast
Correct it or die.... even our cells are dramatic af
Bump
great
Petition for a Music Theory Crash Course
Not really the radicals I'm trying to neutralize today
Radical Reactions lmao
first
Awesome 😍💋 💝💖♥️❤️