Hello from Montreal! 🇨🇦 Keep going! Your vids are excellent.🌟 3:12 Lumen: “the inner light” Not only pass by: if you’re having salad you’re eating those indeed amazing PS2 machines. Taxonomy and toponymy and terminology is like a game. It’s never logical. Like the generation of stars, Gen I are the youngest, Gen III are the first stars that appeared... But renaming would be even more confusing. You use any hook, and the sillier the better. Famous one for classifying stars: “Oh Be A Fine Guy/Gal Kiss Me.” That’s what I did in my pharmacy tech classes to help me memorize 600+ meds!
I remember the star mnemonic continuing, "Kiss Me Right Now Sweetheart". But that was decades ago, maybe R - N - S have been reclassified and I missed the memo.
Well that means the world to me! Especially considering that I never would have figured out to resolve a model of the OEC or any of the reaction center without your active site tutorial for pymol! Those videos took me all the way from "fetch 1S5L" to this final 2d explainer!
I don’t usually comment but I just wanted to say that your explanation at the end honestly made me emotional. I majored in biochem because I knew it would be useful for other things I’m interested in, but the way you connected it to how everything in the world goes together so perfectly was brilliant, and I’m so glad I can see it that way now. Sending you and your channel lots of love and support
You made this comment during a time when I was working myself to death animating my ATP synthase video. I basically collapsed after that video--but I'm finally back to actually hanging out with people in comments. All I want to say is how much I treasure this comment--and how important it is to me that I helped you make that connection. Forgive me for the delay here.
Yeah, he sums up the importance at the end and adds the science. I added the first three videos in this playlist to emphasize that importance, that's it's way way more significant than "just breathing oxygen", it's everything we know because plants are primary consumers. ua-cam.com/play/PLgRoK-eyLjok8nAxTUy5IuKb_c3Qefwsv.html&si=j_ImGFHJgzw8jb4W
I know your comment is old and I just had a kind of weird question that maybe you could help with. Your person who's formerly educated. As a person who kind of dabbles into a lot of fields by watching videos like this. If you were to intuitively understand everything talk to you by this channel without a degree do you believe that you would be almost as qualified for a position as somebody with a four year?
@@hercules71185 Unfortunately, no :( There's so much stuff taught in tertiary ed that isn't intuitive, such as the history of the field, and exposure to research methods + statistics. You'd definitely be more interesting to talk to than your average person, though! And are more likely to understand other, related topics :)
As an avid forager, outdoorsman, and generally curious person, these videos complete the "holy trinity" of Spirit (being in awe of the world), Body (eating of the Earth), and Mind (understanding the perfect science of life).
It took me years of chemistry self-learning to only start appreciating this. Just imagine the sheer amount of heat produced when a tiny amount of sugar or gasoline burns - the ultimate products - the liquid and gaseous "ash" - are water and carbon dioxide - these compounds are so thermodynamically stable we actually use them to put out fires! And now imagine the humble plant takes these molecules and reassemble them back to energetic fuels able to propel a rocket ... using only sunlight ... at room temperature.
What an incredible video, can't believe i was shown it only now. Pleeeease, please don't stop making content - this kind of higher level, in-depth videos without dumbing down is so incredibly needed. I'm going to pester my colleagues to show their students.
Every video you do is incredible. I'm a computer scientist by trade, but seeing your work and the way you link this amazing machinery back to the incredible world we live in makes me want to go study biochemistry. It just fills me with goosebumps thinking about it. I'm here for this journey!!
I need to better serve the scientific community, and I pull that off by making the jump from 2d to 3d so I can better train the next generation of true biochemists. Im almost done my training. Stay tuned
3:24 For the stroma and lumen: stroma is “strong” so it can stay outside, lumen is “light” which you would need in a dark room. This doesn’t tell you much about them, but it’s what i could think of
Lumen. Pronounced, “loo-men”. There is a “in” sound at the end of word, so you can use that to remember that the Lumen is IN. By default that makes the Stroma have to be the outside.
This Glorious Clockwork haha! I have a terrible memory so I HAVE to come up with pneumonic/memory devices for everything. I am going to study biology my first year in the fall and just found your channel. Keep up the great work!
I just found your channel and I love it, you’re great at explaining complex ideas. So I’d like to pose a question. How do extremophiles do it? I’d be very interested to learn more about the evolution of them, more specifically the chemical and biological interactions that take place for them to survive. Seriously, thank you for making these videos, and thank you to all your supporters.
I just finished a semester of biology in college and this video went over exactly we went over. Im glad to see such enthusiasm for science posted on youtube. Grear work!
Hi from London. Just wanted to say thank-you for your work. There is a lot to learn and go back to, but as you say 'that's part of the fun'. I have zero knowledge of biochemistry but this seems to be changing a little thanks to your videos. I always like the philosophy bit at the end, it brings the whole thing together in a nice light (no pun intended) Please continue.
Absolutely wunderbar video mate. Keep up the good work! Genuinely one of the most helpful videos on this platform regarding this subject. Hyped to see the other stuff you make. Absolute W 🔥
Not 100% helpful with a minor flub explaining the Koch cycle. But when I take another crack at this in a few months -- that one's gonna shake things up for sure.
Thank you for making the super-complex mechanism so clear! However, I have a difficulty understanding the part at 12:26 , where you say, "It takes four charges of photon energy to turn FOUR water molecules into a SINGLE oxygen ATOM, four protons and four energized electrons". If it's hydrogen protons you're referring to here, the way you describe the process, it has to be two water molecules, not four, either with resulting two single oxygen ATOMS or a single oxygen MOLECULE. Am I missing something or was it just a slip of the tongue on your part?
I was searching for an answer to my question in photosynthesis for months, I have never seen such a great explanation ever before this is so great thank you so much and btw I am not able to find part two and three
Great video, I was looking for something a little more in depth and specific and couldn't find it, and expected that if I did it would be a typical dull and monotone or hard to process video. NOPE! Your tempo, rhythm and tone are perfect for me to mentally process (and your mic doesn't suck). Thanks.
New sub. I’m in med school but have a BS & MS in biochem and it’s nice to revisit these topics without cracking up an old text; plant biochemistry was always fascinating to me. Great video! Looking forward to more.
Long form takes time in the system! UA-cam waited until I announced season 2 was a month away to start pushing these videos. See you with fresh vids in June!
Hi! Just wanted to really thank you for this video. This explanation really made everything extremely easy to understand and reminded me why I'm studying these in the first place
Hello from Russia, your videos are interesting and informative, l'm PhD student in biotechnology sphere, but it's still important to see things from different points of view. Thanks
I miiiiiiight take a breather from Photosynthesis for the next video and do something on Mitochondria instead. But DEFINITELY getting a full playlist together soon!
my brother @clockwork , plz plz compare this with how our skin turns sunlight to VitD. it should be epic to see how similar we are with our other branch in the family tree. uve changed my life experience completely.
This is an amazing video and the way you are making these videos, it is going to be a great channel. Loved the fact that you put the effect of PSII in the perspective of the 'taming' of the earth. You just won a subscriber here
Im not sure if your animation of electrons moving to P680 was accurate. If I remember correctly, the electrons are not jumping from pigment to pigment, but are doing something much more interesting. The electrons are staying in their respective pigments, but are transfering energy to other pigments via "Förster resonance energy transfer". As a Biochem student, it is something I have never heard about other than in PSII, so take this with a grain of salt.
Yea friend, I've been dropping DEEP in a research hole trying to understand that and make a follow-up video that explains that better. Turns out it's a bad idea to use papers from 2003 as your primary source -_- BUT--at the very least, it's giving me an opportunity to talk about some wild science in a follow-up video! The physics here is genuinely brain-melting.
Even Archaeobacterias take energy from the sun, but very, very less direct compared to the usual ones. Thanks for the great video! EDIT: Seeing S2 - S3 gave me a lot of anxiety about those free floating oxygen atoms but I guess S4 resolves everything. It's like a composition that resolves in 4 movements. Pretty thrilling. Also that's basically a laser.
Great video! Really enjoyed it. I have to disagree with your point at 0:31 though, there's far more than just a few microbes living off chemosynthesis - there are whole ecosystems in the ocean thriving off of deep sea vents, harnessing the energy of the earth's core & never using sunlight. These include arthropods, giant tubeworms, vertebrates and many other weird & wonderful beings. Indeed, many think that deep sea vents are where life started, back before life on the surface was even possible. Fascinating stuff! 😊
"I know it's weird that Photosynthesis started with the 2nd Photosystem, but it's only called that because it was discovered after Photosystem I." You know how invalidating that statement is for the generation that grew up with the Playstation 2? Heh that was a terrible quip. This video made more sense than the paragraph explaining this in my high school biology book. That's good enough for me!
I really like your explanation and the content, as I can practice not only the Biochemistry, but English language too. I just study at school, but I'm really into such topics))) P.S. Thank you for the creating of this channel.
Excellent video! It takes a lot of talent and hard work to condense such a complicated topic into a digestible UA-cam video. The only thing I would add to the conversation is that the production of oxygen was not universally beneficial. The evolution of photosynthesis changed the redox balance of the entire planet and stripped the oceans of their aqueous iron. Had the mitochondria not evolved to utilize molecular oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain, photosynthesis could have ended life on Earth!
Awesome video, you got a new sub! I do have a question, though. At 12:30, you said: "It takes 4 charges of photon energy to turn 4 water molecules into a single oxygen atom, 4 protons, and 4 energized electrons." Wouldn't the yield be 1 oxygen _molecule_ , 4 protons, and 4 energized electrons, as outlined at 4:07?
I believe it also takes 2 water molecules. Each water molecule loses 2 electrons (e-) and 2 hydrogen atoms (H+), leaving behind the oxygen atom, which pairs with the other water molecule's oxygen atom to make a single O2 molecule. So shouldn't that line at 12:30 be: "It takes 4 charges of photon energy to turn 2 water molecules into a single oxygen molecule, 4 protons, and 4 energized electrons." I thought this video was amazing, and I am only trying to help. It's a lot to keep track of! :-)
Yea, and the insane part is that the line is written exactly like that in the script. I must have flipped the numbers while reading it. And then missed it during editing. And then missed it AGAIN during my final review. It's amazing the stuff you gloss over. Thanks for pointing this out and making it more accurate for people trying to use this to study! Y'all rule!
At 12:30 shouldn't it be 2 water molecules instead of 4? It takes four charges of energy to rip two water molecules into one O2 molecule , four e- and four H+, right? As one water molecule gives us a singlet oxygen, two protons and two electrons?
Wow, excellent video! I have a question: Can the 4 photons that enter the reaction be any 4 photons in the red and blue energy range or is there some specific sequence or quantity (like, 1 blue, 3 red) to function in the reaction?
Great Video.... Recall however that humans do receive light from the Sun and convert that energy for other uses. It's Vit D manufacture, the autotrophic process that makes humans plant like.
I gotta remake this whole series -- I messed up the koch cycle this bad AND I glossed over some of the coolest parts of the light reactions. Just gonna make a feature-length explainer someday.
It is incorrect to use the expression "hydrogen proton" (9:59). In Russian there is an expression "масло масляное (maslo maslyanoye)", which literally translates "buttery butter". It is used as an example of taftology, which, in fact, is the expression "hydrogen proton" It is customary to use either the designation "hydrogen cation" or just "proton", because, as explained further, a hydrogen atom is one proton and one electron, respectively, in the absence of the latter, only a proton remains.
Any chance melanin could be doing the same, given that it hangs out around mitochondria where such protons would be quite useful, and nobody has figured out the structure of melanin yet?
I'm probably oversimplifying. This sounds comparable to carbon monoxide with water, but with a reverse effect, namely that O-- ions are forcibly stripped from H2O to remake/make CO2 and the H+ ions are ejected along with the extra electrons. (This allows H2 formation, which is seen as an indirect result in this process.)
The author - please do not stop making videos. Though it is not so popular now - you will have fame among ancestors!... some of them are those being inspired of these videos =)
Beautiful, and the actual operation of light also fits in - actively resonant molecules must be very long. a 'photon' is not of course real, merely a representation of the energy exchanged by the FORCE of light.
Great video. I never understood the climate narrative focusing so largely on Co2 as the main issue as opposed to other types of pollution and waste like deforestation, sulfur dioxide, plastic, so forth. Since of course Co2 is exactly what plants use to create energy and therefore structure. Does it not make sense that an increase in co2 would also cause increase in plant life?
Have people attempted to create artificial molecules or mutating pieces of this process to increase solar energy capture? e.g., making the antennae longer or increasing the absorbable spectrum?
I have no prior knowledge of the Kok's cycle and this video prompted me to look into it a bit deeper. I found from this 2018 article (www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0681-2?WT.feed_name=subjects_photosynthesis#:~:text=Inspired%20by%20the%20period-four,clock%20or%20cycle1%2C2) that there are transient states between S2 to S3 wherein a new H2O molecule binds to the Manganese-Calcium cluster. So, in actuality, the cluster is not empty, eveb when the final electron is ejected in S4 . That is, if I interpreted the conclusions of the study correctly. Hope you do more vids as great as this one! Big thanks!
That IS correct! And it was genuinely infuriating on my end to realize that I was using such an outdated model of the Kok cycle the day before I published! You can use my visualization as a foundation, but then drill down into papers like this: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6763417/ Now, one thing this paper goes into is that we're still fuzzy on the exact configuration of S-4, but at the very least you're going to get a way higher res view of S-0 through S-3 here. This research shows how the Kok Cycle is way more of a 'cycle' and way less of an 'event.' Use my representation as a foundation, and then level up into this understanding. Thanks for pointing this out! You have no idea how much joy it brings me that I made something that inspired you to look into it more. That is 100% why I work as hard as I do to make these videos accessible. It's all about giving people the energy and focus they need to dig deep into the real science!
before other autistic ppl accidentally misinterpret my statement as negative i want to mention that i am autistic and that what i said was intended to be read in a positive tone.
Tobias ERB has found a way to synthesize sugars from carbon dioxide and sunlight, without chlorophyll. The process is much faster. Cai, Sun , and Mu. Have recently done the same thing with starches We’re gonna need an update
If the plant absorbed all of the phooton it would be black, right? It is interesting to compare the biochemist and the physicist perspective of the photon . In physics photons and electrons interact directly, but in biochem there seems to be alot of intermediate steps. It is ironic that it takes energy to gain energy and master energy.
![Lp. Сердце Вселенной #60 РОЖДЕНИЕ ЛОЛОЛОШКИ [Финал] • Майнкрафт](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/YoR0pAV9FVQ/mqdefault.jpg)
Hello from Montreal! 🇨🇦 Keep going! Your vids are excellent.🌟
3:12 Lumen: “the inner light”
Not only pass by: if you’re having salad you’re eating those indeed amazing PS2 machines.
Taxonomy and toponymy and terminology is like a game. It’s never logical. Like the generation of stars, Gen I are the youngest, Gen III are the first stars that appeared...
But renaming would be even more confusing. You use any hook, and the sillier the better.
Famous one for classifying stars: “Oh Be A Fine Guy/Gal Kiss Me.”
That’s what I did in my pharmacy tech classes to help me memorize 600+ meds!
Hello from Alaska 😊
I remember the star mnemonic continuing, "Kiss Me Right Now Sweetheart". But that was decades ago, maybe R - N - S have been reclassified and I missed the memo.
why is your channel so criminally underappreciated
because most people like that strange name-in a nutshel channel
I was about to comment similar
This is the photosynthesis video I’ve always wanted 😍
Well that means the world to me! Especially considering that I never would have figured out to resolve a model of the OEC or any of the reaction center without your active site tutorial for pymol! Those videos took me all the way from "fetch 1S5L" to this final 2d explainer!
I don’t usually comment but I just wanted to say that your explanation at the end honestly made me emotional. I majored in biochem because I knew it would be useful for other things I’m interested in, but the way you connected it to how everything in the world goes together so perfectly was brilliant, and I’m so glad I can see it that way now. Sending you and your channel lots of love and support
You made this comment during a time when I was working myself to death animating my ATP synthase video. I basically collapsed after that video--but I'm finally back to actually hanging out with people in comments. All I want to say is how much I treasure this comment--and how important it is to me that I helped you make that connection. Forgive me for the delay here.
Yeah, he sums up the importance at the end and adds the science.
I added the first three videos in this playlist to emphasize that importance, that's it's way way more significant than "just breathing oxygen", it's everything we know because plants are primary consumers.
ua-cam.com/play/PLgRoK-eyLjok8nAxTUy5IuKb_c3Qefwsv.html&si=j_ImGFHJgzw8jb4W
@@whatabouttheearthgreat list thank you for creating it!
I know your comment is old and I just had a kind of weird question that maybe you could help with.
Your person who's formerly educated. As a person who kind of dabbles into a lot of fields by watching videos like this.
If you were to intuitively understand everything talk to you by this channel without a degree do you believe that you would be almost as qualified for a position as somebody with a four year?
@@hercules71185 Unfortunately, no :( There's so much stuff taught in tertiary ed that isn't intuitive, such as the history of the field, and exposure to research methods + statistics. You'd definitely be more interesting to talk to than your average person, though! And are more likely to understand other, related topics :)
As an avid forager, outdoorsman, and generally curious person, these videos complete the "holy trinity" of Spirit (being in awe of the world), Body (eating of the Earth), and Mind (understanding the perfect science of life).
It took me years of chemistry self-learning to only start appreciating this.
Just imagine the sheer amount of heat produced when a tiny amount of sugar or gasoline burns - the ultimate products - the liquid and gaseous "ash" - are water and carbon dioxide - these compounds are so thermodynamically stable we actually use them to put out fires! And now imagine the humble plant takes these molecules and reassemble them back to energetic fuels able to propel a rocket ... using only sunlight ... at room temperature.
What an incredible video, can't believe i was shown it only now. Pleeeease, please don't stop making content - this kind of higher level, in-depth videos without dumbing down is so incredibly needed. I'm going to pester my colleagues to show their students.
Every video you do is incredible. I'm a computer scientist by trade, but seeing your work and the way you link this amazing machinery back to the incredible world we live in makes me want to go study biochemistry. It just fills me with goosebumps thinking about it. I'm here for this journey!!
You can actually make chlorophyll lase if a jet of it is pumped through focused sunlight. It lases at 730nm to 680nm in the red.
13:17 Photosynthesis is truly amazing its nature's version of quantum tunneling. The hole process is mind blowing.
This is my second consecutive day off spent watching creators like this one specifically. I can't help but be curious about every aspect of nature.
What a gold mine of a channel!!
I think it's criminal that you don't have at least 10x the number of subscribers (and at least 100x for views).
I need to better serve the scientific community, and I pull that off by making the jump from 2d to 3d so I can better train the next generation of true biochemists. Im almost done my training. Stay tuned
@@Clockworkbio That sounds promising! Really looking forward to it!
This channel is delivering the most understandable versions of these hard science topics. Hope to see more soon. ❤️
3:24 For the stroma and lumen: stroma is “strong” so it can stay outside, lumen is “light” which you would need in a dark room. This doesn’t tell you much about them, but it’s what i could think of
Beautiful Words. Our chemical machinery seems like magic, it's not magic, your illustrations help drive understanding. Thank you!!
Lumen. Pronounced, “loo-men”. There is a “in” sound at the end of word, so you can use that to remember that the Lumen is IN. By default that makes the Stroma have to be the outside.
I HAVE BEEN WAITING * MONTHS* FOR THIS COMMENT! That makes so much sense--thank you so much!
This Glorious Clockwork haha! I have a terrible memory so I HAVE to come up with pneumonic/memory devices for everything. I am going to study biology my first year in the fall and just found your channel. Keep up the great work!
It's just like how a concave shape has a part of it caved in.
Loom-in and Strom-out. Nice!
Oh damn, what a great video. I was hooked after the Short and I thought “no way I’ll sit through all the chemistry” but it was SO INTERESTING!
I just found your channel and I love it, you’re great at explaining complex ideas. So I’d like to pose a question. How do extremophiles do it? I’d be very interested to learn more about the evolution of them, more specifically the chemical and biological interactions that take place for them to survive. Seriously, thank you for making these videos, and thank you to all your supporters.
I just finished a semester of biology in college and this video went over exactly we went over. Im glad to see such enthusiasm for science posted on youtube. Grear work!
Hi from London. Just wanted to say thank-you for your work. There is a lot to learn and go back to, but as you say 'that's part of the fun'. I have zero knowledge of biochemistry but this seems to be changing a little thanks to your videos. I always like the philosophy bit at the end, it brings the whole thing together in a nice light (no pun intended) Please continue.
Absolutely wunderbar video mate. Keep up the good work! Genuinely one of the most helpful videos on this platform regarding this subject. Hyped to see the other stuff you make. Absolute W 🔥
Not 100% helpful with a minor flub explaining the Koch cycle. But when I take another crack at this in a few months -- that one's gonna shake things up for sure.
@@Clockworkbio Bet mate, super hyped for when you do it.
absolutely goated. i love everything about this channel
Awesome. Simply awesome.
Thank you for making the super-complex mechanism so clear!
However, I have a difficulty understanding the part at 12:26 , where you say, "It takes four charges of photon energy to turn FOUR water molecules into a SINGLE oxygen ATOM, four protons and four energized electrons".
If it's hydrogen protons you're referring to here, the way you describe the process, it has to be two water molecules, not four, either with resulting two single oxygen ATOMS or a single oxygen MOLECULE.
Am I missing something or was it just a slip of the tongue on your part?
I was searching for an answer to my question in photosynthesis for months, I have never seen such a great explanation ever before this is so great thank you so much and btw I am not able to find part two and three
Maaaaaaan your videos are cool, nano machines? pfff we already have em. For millions of years too actually! lol. I'm so glad I found your channel :)
Great video, I was looking for something a little more in depth and specific and couldn't find it, and expected that if I did it would be a typical dull and monotone or hard to process video. NOPE! Your tempo, rhythm and tone are perfect for me to mentally process (and your mic doesn't suck). Thanks.
New sub. I’m in med school but have a BS & MS in biochem and it’s nice to revisit these topics without cracking up an old text; plant biochemistry was always fascinating to me. Great video! Looking forward to more.
ClockWork your videos are amazing! Why UA-cam show me this gems so late?
Long form takes time in the system! UA-cam waited until I announced season 2 was a month away to start pushing these videos. See you with fresh vids in June!
@@ClockworkbioYay!!
What an amazing summary of a complicated topic! Very comprehensive and yet very eaasily digestible. Kudos!
Wow, one of the most interesting channels and really well animated. Got yourself a new sub.
Hi! Just wanted to really thank you for this video. This explanation really made everything extremely easy to understand and reminded me why I'm studying these in the first place
These are wonderful videos. It is clockwork without a watchmaker. The miracle of natural selection.
Hello from Russia, your videos are interesting and informative, l'm PhD student in biotechnology sphere, but it's still important to see things from different points of view. Thanks
Bless you
I love what your doing. I found your channel via the biocord and you style of teaching in a way that is fun and interesting got you a new sub
Great video! Concise and appropriate synthesized explanation. Can’t wait for more videos on photosynthesis!!
I miiiiiiight take a breather from Photosynthesis for the next video and do something on Mitochondria instead. But DEFINITELY getting a full playlist together soon!
@@Clockworkbio No worries, look forward to your next video regardless!!
my brother @clockwork , plz plz compare this with how our skin turns sunlight to VitD. it should be epic to see how similar we are with our other branch in the family tree. uve changed my life experience completely.
This channel is brilliant!!
Just found your channel and I’m in love! Thank you for what you do!
This is an amazing video and the way you are making these videos, it is going to be a great channel. Loved the fact that you put the effect of PSII in the perspective of the 'taming' of the earth. You just won a subscriber here
Im not sure if your animation of electrons moving to P680 was accurate. If I remember correctly, the electrons are not jumping from pigment to pigment, but are doing something much more interesting. The electrons are staying in their respective pigments, but are transfering energy to other pigments via "Förster resonance energy transfer". As a Biochem student, it is something I have never heard about other than in PSII, so take this with a grain of salt.
Yea friend, I've been dropping DEEP in a research hole trying to understand that and make a follow-up video that explains that better. Turns out it's a bad idea to use papers from 2003 as your primary source -_-
BUT--at the very least, it's giving me an opportunity to talk about some wild science in a follow-up video! The physics here is genuinely brain-melting.
This is great, wonderful and also fantastic content
Fantastic explanation. Thank you.
This is perfect, just what I need for revision, thank you!
I kept looking for Photosystem I !!!
But ooooooh yea what an experience this was! Thank you!
Oh man, thank you for this video. Absolutely amazing, thank you!
Even Archaeobacterias take energy from the sun, but very, very less direct compared to the usual ones.
Thanks for the great video!
EDIT: Seeing S2 - S3 gave me a lot of anxiety about those free floating oxygen atoms but I guess S4 resolves everything. It's like a composition that resolves in 4 movements. Pretty thrilling.
Also that's basically a laser.
Underrated channel!
Great video! Really enjoyed it. I have to disagree with your point at 0:31 though, there's far more than just a few microbes living off chemosynthesis - there are whole ecosystems in the ocean thriving off of deep sea vents, harnessing the energy of the earth's core & never using sunlight. These include arthropods, giant tubeworms, vertebrates and many other weird & wonderful beings. Indeed, many think that deep sea vents are where life started, back before life on the surface was even possible. Fascinating stuff! 😊
You brought that like a love story,... about nature.
"I know it's weird that Photosynthesis started with the 2nd Photosystem, but it's only called that because it was discovered after Photosystem I."
You know how invalidating that statement is for the generation that grew up with the Playstation 2?
Heh that was a terrible quip. This video made more sense than the paragraph explaining this in my high school biology book. That's good enough for me!
I really like your explanation and the content, as I can practice not only the Biochemistry, but English language too.
I just study at school, but I'm really into such topics)))
P.S. Thank you for the creating of this channel.
Excellent video! It takes a lot of talent and hard work to condense such a complicated topic into a digestible UA-cam video. The only thing I would add to the conversation is that the production of oxygen was not universally beneficial. The evolution of photosynthesis changed the redox balance of the entire planet and stripped the oceans of their aqueous iron. Had the mitochondria not evolved to utilize molecular oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain, photosynthesis could have ended life on Earth!
Yes! Oxygen is so energetic it is also highly toxic. We only love it because our bodies were able to harness it.
This is completely wild. Plants provide our food, and our air. They make everything that makes us who we are.
Don't forget cyanobacteria! The foundations of our biosphere are vast and incredibly diverse!
The explanation is simple, oohh my i will binge-watxh your playlist. But hope I just written keywords to better retain the understanding.
Awesome video, you got a new sub! I do have a question, though. At 12:30, you said: "It takes 4 charges of photon energy to turn 4 water molecules into a single oxygen atom, 4 protons, and 4 energized electrons." Wouldn't the yield be 1 oxygen _molecule_ , 4 protons, and 4 energized electrons, as outlined at 4:07?
I believe it also takes 2 water molecules. Each water molecule loses 2 electrons (e-) and 2 hydrogen atoms (H+), leaving behind the oxygen atom, which pairs with the other water molecule's oxygen atom to make a single O2 molecule.
So shouldn't that line at 12:30 be:
"It takes 4 charges of photon energy to turn 2 water molecules into a single oxygen molecule, 4 protons, and 4 energized electrons."
I thought this video was amazing, and I am only trying to help. It's a lot to keep track of! :-)
Yea, and the insane part is that the line is written exactly like that in the script. I must have flipped the numbers while reading it. And then missed it during editing. And then missed it AGAIN during my final review. It's amazing the stuff you gloss over. Thanks for pointing this out and making it more accurate for people trying to use this to study! Y'all rule!
these videos are so cool
At 12:30 shouldn't it be 2 water molecules instead of 4? It takes four charges of energy to rip two water molecules into one O2 molecule , four e- and four H+, right? As one water molecule gives us a singlet oxygen, two protons and two electrons?
Super Saiyen reference was epic
This was incredible, great job on this one man
Wow, excellent video! I have a question: Can the 4 photons that enter the reaction be any 4 photons in the red and blue energy range or is there some specific sequence or quantity (like, 1 blue, 3 red) to function in the reaction?
Discovered this channel recently, and darn it, I've been tricked into learning things! :)
Well dang if I don't love tricking people!
Great Video....
Recall however that humans do receive light from the Sun and convert that energy for other uses. It's Vit D manufacture, the autotrophic process that makes humans plant like.
Muy interesante... Excelente representación
Thanks for your work )
This is so exciting.
Why u stopped making videos? 😢
12:28 It takes two water molecules, not four, right? Whoops!
I gotta remake this whole series -- I messed up the koch cycle this bad AND I glossed over some of the coolest parts of the light reactions. Just gonna make a feature-length explainer someday.
I'll be here when it happens 👍
Thanks for video! go ahead
So this means most the water on earth surface are not old but being renewed everytime.
Thank YOU
No, Thank YOU
Спасибо за познавательное видео!
It is incorrect to use the expression "hydrogen proton" (9:59). In Russian there is an expression "масло масляное (maslo maslyanoye)", which literally translates "buttery butter". It is used as an example of taftology, which, in fact, is the expression "hydrogen proton"
It is customary to use either the designation "hydrogen cation" or just "proton", because, as explained further, a hydrogen atom is one proton and one electron, respectively, in the absence of the latter, only a proton remains.
3:23 don't have a stroma stroke when leaving the lumen? XD idk sorry
Any chance melanin could be doing the same, given that it hangs out around mitochondria where such protons would be quite useful, and nobody has figured out the structure of melanin yet?
I'm probably oversimplifying. This sounds comparable to carbon monoxide with water, but with a reverse effect, namely that O-- ions are forcibly stripped from H2O to remake/make CO2 and the H+ ions are ejected along with the extra electrons. (This allows H2 formation, which is seen as an indirect result in this process.)
The author - please do not stop making videos. Though it is not so popular now - you will have fame among ancestors!... some of them are those being inspired of these videos =)
Good one
Beautiful, and the actual operation of light also fits in - actively resonant molecules must be very long. a 'photon' is not of course real, merely a representation of the energy exchanged by the FORCE of light.
If P680 acts on only the 680nm light, what about the blue light, and other wavelengths?
awesome!
Awesome!!!!
Great video. I never understood the climate narrative focusing so largely on Co2 as the main issue as opposed to other types of pollution and waste like deforestation, sulfur dioxide, plastic, so forth. Since of course Co2 is exactly what plants use to create energy and therefore structure. Does it not make sense that an increase in co2 would also cause increase in plant life?
Yeah, you are right but it also heats up the planet
Nearly all life, as you mention, there are some chemotrophs. Also, physicists have given up on conservation of energy.
Have people attempted to create artificial molecules or mutating pieces of this process to increase solar energy capture? e.g., making the antennae longer or increasing the absorbable spectrum?
I have no prior knowledge of the Kok's cycle and this video prompted me to look into it a bit deeper. I found from this 2018 article (www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0681-2?WT.feed_name=subjects_photosynthesis#:~:text=Inspired%20by%20the%20period-four,clock%20or%20cycle1%2C2) that there are transient states between S2 to S3 wherein a new H2O molecule binds to the Manganese-Calcium cluster. So, in actuality, the cluster is not empty, eveb when the final electron is ejected in S4 . That is, if I interpreted the conclusions of the study correctly.
Hope you do more vids as great as this one! Big thanks!
That IS correct! And it was genuinely infuriating on my end to realize that I was using such an outdated model of the Kok cycle the day before I published! You can use my visualization as a foundation, but then drill down into papers like this: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6763417/
Now, one thing this paper goes into is that we're still fuzzy on the exact configuration of S-4, but at the very least you're going to get a way higher res view of S-0 through S-3 here. This research shows how the Kok Cycle is way more of a 'cycle' and way less of an 'event.' Use my representation as a foundation, and then level up into this understanding. Thanks for pointing this out! You have no idea how much joy it brings me that I made something that inspired you to look into it more. That is 100% why I work as hard as I do to make these videos accessible. It's all about giving people the energy and focus they need to dig deep into the real science!
i am incredibly excited to watch every video on this channel. im so autistic about biochemistry.
before other autistic ppl accidentally misinterpret my statement as negative i want to mention that i am autistic and that what i said was intended to be read in a positive tone.
These videos also rub my autistic side really Well 😊
Super!!! +500!! 👍
C'mon algorithm, recommend it to everyone.
* pokes with stick *
Doesn't entropy destroy energy ?
Bring out the Metabolic Maps 😬 oh so cool!
Thanks
Photosynthesis is an immense, mind-blowing process. This video covers the complex that starts it off: Photosystem II.
Tobias ERB has found a way to synthesize sugars from carbon dioxide and sunlight, without chlorophyll. The process is much faster.
Cai, Sun , and Mu. Have recently done the same thing with starches
We’re gonna need an update
If the plant absorbed all of the phooton it would be black, right?
It is interesting to compare the biochemist and the physicist perspective of the photon . In physics photons and electrons interact directly, but in biochem there seems to be alot of intermediate steps.
It is ironic that it takes energy to gain energy and master energy.
it doesn't absorb all. it only absorbs red and blue (not sure about the blue) that's why it's green
"100% energy comes from the Sun"
The entire Milky Way 🌌: I guess i don't have any more stars then
10:33 Ah yes, p680+ going *Super Saiyan* 😂😂😂
How about: Stroma like a stobe light and Lumen where light accumulates
In stride and out slide genious😂❤😅😊
Stroma like a stroll outside and lumen like the inside of a light