History of Lisbon : From the beginning to christian siege in 1147
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- Опубліковано 12 вер 2020
- Lisbon is one of the oldest European cities.
Its history started in the Neolithic Period with the presence of Iberians and Celts, but historians estimate that the city was founded on 1200 BC by Phoenicians, probably by people from Tyr in the South of Liban.
The site is perfect to become a trading post, both at the mouth of the Tage, the longest river of the peninsula, on a natural port and on the road from the Mediterranea to the Atlantic.
Phoenicians would then travel for tin up to Cornwall to make bronze. They would exchange precious metals, manufactured goods, salt, salted fish, horses.
Around 400 BC, Carthage takes over. 200 years later, they are chased by Romans during the Second punitive war.
The city is fortified against Celts then are built a big roman theatre, thermal baths, temples dedicated to Jupiter, Diana, Cybele, a necropolis, a forum.
Lisbon used to export garum, a very popular salted fish sauce, wine, salt.
Les Vandales envahissent la ville en 408, puis c’est le tour des Alains et les Wisigoths.
Vandals invaded the city in 408, then it is the Alans and the Wisigoths’ turn.
In 714, Lisbon became muslim for 433 years. The city fell under the Omeyyades from Damas’ domination, then the Berber Almoravids. A part of the residents converted to Islam, which saved them from paying taxes, without however opening them social opportunities. Christians and Jews had to pay tax.
The city recovered her splendor and in around 900 was one of the most populated cities in Europe with Constantinople, Salonique, Seville and Crodoue with a population of around 100 000 inhabitants.
The Moors improved farmland irrigation allowing several harvests per year.
They built a big mosque, a castle, a governor palace, a medina, the Alfama District, a fortress on the Tage’ south bank to protect the city and a new outer wall.
The Arab city is submitted to Viking and Christian attacks.
In 1147, the siege of the Portuguese and the “Holy warriors” take the city over. Massacre, raids and 30 000 people reduced to slavery.
The big mosque becomes a cathedral. The body of St-Vincent, the Patron Saint of the City, berthed on a small boat pulled by 2 crows.
The surviving Muslims are confined in the district of Mouraria under the hill of St Georges’ Castle, opposite the district of Alfama.
Lisbon turned another leaf in its history. She was Phoenician for 800 years, Carthiginian for 200, Roman for 600 years, German for 300 years and Muslim for 400 years before soon becoming the capital of Portugal.
More about Lisbon in french :
// Lisbon travelguide : bit.ly/Visiter-Lisbonne
// Map of Lisbon : bit.ly/Carte-Lisbonne
// Itineraries for a weekend : bit.ly/Itineraires-Lisbonne
// Places to stay : bit.ly/Hebergement-Lisbonne
Stay tunes :
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Lived in Lisbon for a few years. Beautiful, fun city!
Very interesting video! 💙
Forget that thing about Phonicians... they arrived to the place in the late Bronze Age, and there was allready a fortified settlement... if you have any questions about it just check this:
- chalcolithic fortified settlements ,"Castros", must have their roots in late Neolithic settlements, and they spread all along the Lisbon and Setúbal Peninsulas, to the South and North of Portugal, starting from around 3200 BC
- they consist of up to at least 3 lines of fortifications and small forts around the settlement itself, on flat hills, controling the places below, having easy acess to fresh water, usually navegable, and fertile fields
-please do remmenber that Lisbon is one extremely hilly city, with at least 7 hills... checking a geological map we can see extrusive igneous rocks (basalts) that made up the extremely rich soils for agriculture and with the hills comes rivers...
-the chalcolithic period gave rise to the Bell Beaker complex, starting around 2900BC in Lisbon and Setúbal peninsulas also, with its "Castros" of Leceia, Zambujal, Vila Nova de S. Pedro, Chibanes, and many many others being the epicenter of a movement that changed early European history
-one of the reasons for Bell Beaker complex started in those penisnulas was the river Tejo and the river Sado, cos rivers in pre-history are considered the highways of today, bringing to the settlements near the ocean goods and metals, in exchanged upriver settlements received other goods fine pottery, handcrafted metal tools and weapons, and SALT!
-what we have in now days is the develepment of the place that turned out being the capital and the biggest city of Portugal, its foundations bellow many layers of history, some of them can still be seen like the roman streets, port and theater
- one has to remmeber that "the people that came after used what was there before to build their future"
We can only see the outskirts, the Castros mentioned above, of what could be the place of power in this region along time ago...
Thanks for this!
I loved this video,than you for the info
#901 subscribed and enjoyed watching it. Great potential and wishing you all the best in your channel growth 👍🏻
Thanks !
Nice video
I actually went to Lisbon Museum in Lisbon and learned about the severe event that happened to them with the tsunami flood, fire and earthquake. They made it feel so real.
Very interesting but I think one thing the depictions of the community from Roman times onward that get missed is the virtual certainty that the house and even the public buildings were likely painted with bright and even garish colors! From the Egyptians to the Phoenicians to Greeks and Romans the ancients LOVED colors and even colored their statues. Of course, over time paint faded then got washed away however even today the city has many buildings using tiles as well as pigments so I have no doubt it was also that way from very early .
MUITO BOM
0:53 wow that map is so exagerated
I saw one video stating that English crusaders settled in Lisbon during the southern expansion of the Portuguese state. Is that true and if so how many english settled there? Thanks.
I don’t believe that is true, if so it wasn’t a lot at all . The majority of people in Lisbon don’t have English ancestry or cultural connection, it’s mostly Arabic, North African, Italian, and Iberian. I hope this doesn’t offend anyone but I noticed Portuguese people do like saying that as they have a complex about being Mediterranean people. They seem to desperately want to be Northern/Central European.
There were a fair amount of English crusaders helping Dom Afonso Henriques take the city. They were convinced to fight the crusade in Iberia instead of going all the way to the Holyland. After the siege, Dom Afonso made Gilbert of Hastings, an Englis monk, the first Bishop of Lisbon.
@@capeverdeanprincess4444 Lol, where did you get that from? I think you might be confusing with Celtic or Visigoth heritate....which portuguese people DO have a lot of. But even the Visigoths and later on the family that ended up being the first royal family DID come from Central Europe/France&Germany region.
I'm sure there are people with complexes, but you'd be hardpressed to interview portuguese on the street and find people with such a complex.
@@jeanlundi2141 They actually DON’T have have a lot of visigothic heritage at all. Portuguese people in fact have more North African dna than visigothic.
@@capeverdeanprincess4444 That may well be true. I wouldn't know for sure. But that would imply the imprint after the Umayyad conquest of the peninsula is more significant than what happened before, which I have trouble believing. The muslims stayed for over 500 years in present day Portugal, but the Visgoths and the Suevi stayed for a while too.....and the Celtic tribes and tribes like the Lusitanians go even further back and were there even before the Romans for quite a few centuries.
Maybe you are yourself trying to spin the narrative Portugal has huge ties with Africa (which is a huge and varied continent in itself) in response to what you perceive to be some complex.
In terms of culture itself, the Visigoth impact was for sure bigger, because it was the beggining of the christian culture that prevailed in the region. Now if it's purely DNA origin you are talking about....North Africa is still not the whole story, because the Ummayad empire started in the middle east.
what would portugese people say are the similarities between istanbul and lisboa ?
None . . . but a lot of similarities between Lisboa and _Constantinople._
More pourtgal history
Who were Narmens ?
How christians/ france, turned them towards muslims?
Wat Abdul Rehman..Abdul Karim n
Ismael bin Musa did with normens, to safe christians...
They couldn't last in the long run . . . *Qur'an 3:106:* “On The Day, some faces will turn _white,_ some faces will turn *black.* Those whose faces turn black, Did you disbelieve after your belief? Then taste the punishment for what you rejected."
*Qur'an 39:60* “On The Day of Resurrection you shall see those who _LIED_ against Allah with their faces turned *black.* Is Hell not vast enough to provide a room to the vainglorious?”
*Sahih Muslim 30:5777* “Did you see Allah's Messenger (May Peace Be Upon Him)?
He said: ‘Yes, he had a WHITE _handsome_ face.’”
*Sahih Muslim 5:2334* “The Messenger of Allah (May Peace Be Upon Him) says: ''The most hateful among the creation of Allah is one Black man among them.”
*Ishaq 450* "We brought them to the pit. Hell was their meeting place. We collected them there, Black slaves, men of no descent.”
*Ishaq 243* "The Apostle (Peace Be Upon Him) says: “Whoever wants to see Satan look at _Nabtal_ (a Black man)"
*Mishkat al-Masabih 119 book 1 hadith 112* "The Holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) said: ‘Allah created Adam when he created him. Then He stroke his right shoulder and took out a White race as if they were seeds, and He stroke his left shoulder and took out a Black race as if they were coals.
Then He said to those who were in his right side: Towards Paradise and I don't care. He said to those who were on his left shoulder: Towards Hell and I don't care.’"