The Early Evolution of Rhinos
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- Опубліковано 26 сер 2024
- During the Paleocene, many of the major modern mammal groups familiar to us today emerged after the K-PG mass extinction. One such lineage were the Perissodactyls, the so called odd toed ungulates. Only three families have survived into modern times, with these being the horses, tapirs and the subject of today’s video, the rhinos. Basal members of all three of these groups would have looked very similar in life, being small forest dwelling browsers that would have resembled trunkless tapirs. The first Rhinocerotoids were dog-sized agile animals such as Hyrachyus, while the gracile Hyracodontids were successful pony-like runners that thrived in the Eocene and Oligocene.
Meanwhile, the Amynodontids were larger and bulkier; some forms were tapir-like and possessed short trunks, while genera such as Metamynodon were semi-aquatic and superficially resembled modern hippos. The largest of all these early Rhinoceratoids were the Paraceratheriids, which filled a high browsing niche similar to giraffes or sauropod dinosaurs. Basal Eocene forms reached the size of horses, while Oligocene genera became truly enormous. The successful Paraceratherium was among the most massive terrestrial mammals of all time, weighing between 15-20 tonnes. All of these groups died out by the end of the Oligocene, due to a combination of climate change and competition with Proboscideans, leaving only the more familiar Rhinocerotids to persist into the Miocene and beyond.
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I love how Paraceratheium was basically evolution trying to build a new Brachiosaur from whatever there was and just happened that Rhino ancestors were pretty suited to making a super-browser out of. Giraffes sort of fill the same body plan, but the massive bulk of Paracerathetium made them a much more comparable animal to similar giant sauropods.
Don't forget Macrauchenia.
It's one of those body plans that wins out time and again in evolution, like the way the crab, wolf, cat, etc. Body plans show up in barely related groups.
I found your channel about a week ago and really love some of the content you've covered, not just in in your videos but also the prehisotiric fauna they're about, covering most of my favourites. I really enjoyed the videos but I found it a bit unfortunate that you had not yet covered one of my favs Paraceratherium, so seeing this video is very exciting! Keep up the great work, I really love people who shed light on some of the more lesser known topics that I really love.
Thank you so much! I’m glad you enjoy the main themes of this channel.
@@dr.polaris6423 hell I like the opening theme song. The video is like gravy.
Favorite animals bar none.
Mine too. I also have a bad eye sight and a large horn on my face.
I remember when I was a kid there was a paraceratherine called Balucatherium, or something similar to that, and it was called the largest land mammal known. No idea if that genus is still valid, like how Gastornis used to be called Diatryma.
The brontotheres were briefly mentioned and I hope they get their own video if they don't already have one.
Baluchitherium and Paraceratherium are synonymous genera :) Baluchitherium was described from fossils found in Pakistan's Balochistan province, but morphological analysis proved that specimen and the big bois found in India and China to be too similar to be distinct.
@@cayhill1311 Figured as much. Wouldn't surprise me if that one paraceratherine who's name starts with an "I" that I'd likely misspell is the same animal, too.
@@melvinshine9841 Indricotherium. Yes, it's indeed another synonym.
It's kind of incorrect to say that Gastornis "used to be called Diatryma". With very few exceptions (like Tyranosaurus), when two or more different species are put into the same genus, when previously they were not, the name that remains to be officially used is the older one. Gastornis as a genus name was coined years before Diatryma and it was the name chosen for the fossil specimens of Europe, with the holotype being G. parisiensis.. Diatryma was coined for fossils of giant anseriform birds found in North America. Upon later study, it was concluded that these North-American birds could also easily be put into the Gastornis genus, although they were distinct enough to be their own separate species. Thus, Diatryma became a synonim. So, only SOME species of Gastornis (as in definitley not all) used to be called Diatryma and G. parisiensis is not among them.
It’s amazing that rhinos tapirs and horses are related to each other
Wait till you hear about elephants, hyraxes, and manatees.
@@cameronjim2983 I know elephants hyraxes and manatees are related to one another
@@tyrannotherium7873 Tis meant to be a joke
@@cameronjim2983
What exactly is the joke in your first comment?
That hyraxes and elephants objectively look less alike than the perissodactyls
Evolution:Hey rhinos how weird do you want to be?
Rhinos:Yes
Elephants: “I want in on that action.”
Uintatherium: "You young whippersnappers! You call that weird? Back in my day..."
Love your stuff Dr. P! You're channel is one that inspired me to make a paleontology channel. We should do a colab someday! 🙂
I would enjoy this greatly
I love watching your vids man keep up the good work
Sounds like a great idea!
@The Philosoraptor Key and Peele?
The 'noice' is part of a Key and Peele sketch. Only reference I'm aware of. I live under a rock.
Good morning! Rhinos! What fun!
Great work mate! Keep the videos coming!
Thanks!
Thank you very much. Those are cool and I look forward to Permian synapsids.
Great video, can't wait for the next one, synapsids are my favourite.
this is the best openings music! always makes me smile. thanks for the upload!
Thanks for the video 📺🦏
Heres a thought about paraceratherines and size constraints; weaning. The infant needs to be able to reach the teat. So they have to be born big enough to get their heads up there.
Greetings Dr. Polaris, I once mentioned you this animal to make video about on your old videos, also I liked and watched all your videos, keep up the good work.
Dr polaris you are everything a great teacher should be.
Nice thanks
Thank you. One of my favorite channels.
Excellent vid
These videos are SO GOOD
My favorite polar-bear-based postgraduate paleozoologist!
permian synapsids sound interesting.
Thanks for your work👍
Great detail and species that I was not aware of....
Super cool, I love this stuff. Thanks for sharing G!
Good video
I myself have considered doing a video series on the evolution of rhinos as a follow up to the one I did with elephants
I'd like a video about Astorgosuchus and the other giant Cenozoic crocodile Purussaurus.
Rhino are awesome and this video was just so good
I wish y'all are having a good day
I always wonder how the noseless rhinos grew horns on their noses...
Jebus did a miracle
It always amuses me when the size comparison is that woman in print leggings.
I have an old book where Paraceratherium is compared to a VW Beetle.
Great video but omg that woman wearing the BTS t shirt 🤣🤣🤣🤣
Excellent.
great video
4.8m at the shoulder!
I love paraceratheriidae
my favourite example of a group of animals ending up with a body plan that perfectly suited their niche so early on that the whole group of animals basically looks the same
Stoked!!
This lineage has always interested me. Thanks for what you do. Here's a like and comment for the Almighty Algorithm.
❤️❤️
(Edited dumb typo)
It's incredible that rhinos and horses share a common ancestor. It’s a shame that mankind never tamed rhinos and used them as heavy cavalry. In a different timeline the Polish winged hussars drove back the Ottomans at Vienna on dim-witted yet formidable rhinos. Kind of sucks that rhino racing isn’t a thing either; imagine going on down to William Hill and putting a bet on ‘Quick-Horny-Boi’. This timeline sucks. Smh
Interesting ideas! Many extinct rhinos were also fast running slender animals, with the Hyracodonts even somewhat resembling ponies.
You watch the documentary 300 that shows the ancient Persian Empire's use of War Rhinos, specifically a giant domesticated Indian Rhino.
Rhinos have much worse vision than horses. That coupled with how notoriously skittish they are, I doubt it would have been possible to tame them as mounts. Not that it isn't an awesome visual and needed for cool alt-history fiction.
Are you gonna do a part 2 to this video ?
Right after the evolutionary history of Synapsids, why don’t you also get to make a suggestion to create the UA-cam Videos Shows about the Epicyons in just a couple of weeks to think about that one?!⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️👍👍👍👍
Hello again Dr. Polaris
Rhino.
Hardcore vegetarians.
I swear the intro tune is ripped from Crash Bandicoot hahaha
I do want to ask about Dzungariotherium's size compared to the Paraceratherium. Are they legitimately the same size?
According to the wiki page for Dzungariotherium, whilst its skull and teeth were 25% larger than paraceratherium, it was said that these were proportionately larger according to Dzungarotherium's total body size, where the outcome was that paraceratherium was slightly larger overall
What is the name of the species on minute 1:23 ?
It’s eohippus
who is Alexandra?
So many mammal groups seem to get replaced so quickly... Is this comparable to how dinosaurs first started out? Are we in ""Triassic"" times right now with different groups seeking which are the best designs?
There is no "seeking" or "best design" in evolution.
@@AlbertaGeek False.
I think you can only make such statements if you don't have any experience in for ex. zoology. The way hoofed animals have evolved to eat tough plant material is clearly progressive. Modern-day ruminants are at this moment the pinnacle of herbivory, having pushed many previous orders into extinction or smaller niches (e.g. odd-toed ungulates, *Equus* now feeding primarily on very poor, old vegetation).
Also: search for "The longest-running evolution experiment" by Veritasium on youtube. While some adaptations are very easy to evolve, other evolutionary paths are so long that progress is possible over very long timescales.
@@mistersir3020 No, whatever you are calling "the pinnacle" will eventually be out-competed and so on and so forth until whenever. "Pinnacle" by definition means there is no room for improvement. It's called natural selection, you may have heard of it.
@@AlbertaGeek I said "at this moment" they are the pinnacle. In a couple tens of millions of years who knows how they might evolve into still better digesters of grass.
The "Triassic" of the Cenozoic was the Paleogene (Paleocene + Eocene + Oligocene) that ended 23 millions years ago while we are still in the Neogene, the "Jurassic" of this era.
And then there were 5.........
Better title:"the hornless rhinos"
It’s eohippus
Their evolution is one helluva drug. Still not as complicated as giraffes’ evolution though
Please do a video about the evolution of ratite birds.
So I wonder if elephants tearing down trees and being destructive evolved asa direct response to competition with paraceratherium. Perhaps this contributed to the eventual extinction, alongside climate change.
ENGAGE RHINO.
Rhino but giraffe
Rhinobros, we’re eating tonight 🥴
>"hoovering"
Are there any facts in here or just theories.
all of this is mostly facts
which part of the video you are not sure about?
@@spatrk6634 mainly how nothing created everything. If it's not testable and repeatable it's just a theory. Now that's facts. 💯
@@botchman5947 where does it say that "nothing created everything"
@@botchman5947 wtf are you talking about
@@spatrk6634 there is no proof for evolution. Infact the further wr go back the more animals and the more complex animals we see. If u look at our so called oldest animals. They look exactly the same as they do now. There has never been a change of kinds. But literally if there's even one fact in this video. Please point it out. No-one there was to observe so everything......litterally everything ur saying it just a theory.
LOVE LEAVES.PRODONSUCHUS:ELVES