Uncovering the Silicon: Demystifying How Chips are Built and How They Work
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- Опубліковано 7 чер 2024
- Windell Oskay walks us through the process of understanding what an Integrated Circuit looks like, and how it operates.
This booth at the 2019 Maker Faire Bay Area started by decapping a uL914 chip and looking at it under a microscope. From there, models were designed to explain the structure in a way that's really easy to follow.
Read the article on Hackaday:
hackaday.com/2019/05/20/integ...
Learn more about this exhibit:
www.evilmadscientist.com/2019... - Наука та технологія
incredibly slick presentation considering he gave it in real time
why is that exactly?
@@ahmetyusufsalim Because he has little hesitation and smooth, consistent data flow, complete with model demonstration and explanation.
Old school presentation. Ironic given the subject.
I would think that he gives this speech a lot.
Nerds are fluent in nerd speak
Never thought of such an approach to understand ICs. This is amazing! This model needs to be in every school and university :-)
^ Exactly what I was going to write. :-)
It could be done quite effectively in a 3D program as well; namely VR for the easier interactivity of it.
@@MsHojat Thats actually a good idea, such a simulation could also have visual elements to highlight stuff too, and I don't mean just components being highlighted from context in description, but also stuff like where there is current and how it travels when the user tries sending stuff into the inputs.
Exceptional video. Very dense with information yet clear. I can't believe it was only 5 minutes long. Most impressive, well done
Why couldn't I have these explanations/aids in college? Things would have been SO much easier. Great job man! Now do a 2-input NAND with a different metal overlay :)
Normal youtube comment would be "you dont want aids in college nerd... hehehe..." but I was thinking the same thing... i´ll see myselfe out.
That acrylic demonstration with the labeled Over is without a doubt the best example of how a transistor works! THANK YOU SO MUCH !!!
This video is so helpful you will never know how helpful this was.
Great video.
I think they know and it was the reason it was created
I love that people like this exist and are willing to prepare materials and lessons like this, SO GREAT!
Absolutely.
This is literally the perfect explanation. When I'm at university, this detail of explanation is nowhere to be seen. In my data logging module, we are taught that "programming language is x, y or z, computers understand binary and microprocessors are simply ""and"" or ""or"" gates".
Showing everyone this video is that crucial link between the theory and the practical. Well done, amazing video.
Dude, this video is so super-duper cool. I have been a electro-techie for over 50 years and wish I could have seen this video in the early 70s. Never too late, eh? Thanks a million !
I love the acrylic model... I'd like to see one of everybody's favourite the 555
The 555 probably has too many components to get a quick and simple grasp of basic chip construction. It's a very useful chip though.
@@maximosh Actually no, it's surprisingly simple. there's maker kits you can get of it that are jumbo IC (shaped) PCBs with nothing but discrete components. ua-cam.com/video/caisKBLessE/v-deo.html
@@RonLaws it is not at the same magnify factor of the acrylic model of not gates. There are too many components
Very nice job. I do failure analysis on IC's, so I decap them daily. Next time I have to explain what I do, I will reference this video.
Changing between images, shapes and diagrams gave a incredible depth in the explanation. Amazing!
I've been always searching for this kind of explanation on how ICs actually look in reality, but I never achieved to find this until now. Thank you! I hope you'll explain more of those basic ICs and then move over to some more complicated ones.
I have been looking for visualization like this for years, RESPECT!!!
Massive respect for making all those presentation formats just to explain a simple circuit! 💯
I mean this is one of the best videos out of all the videoa that i have seen on youtube
Brilliant. Possibly the best demonstration of an IC ever. Seeing it as a big 3D model really helps to understand it spatially.
Thank you for such a great video, need more of these. There is tons of effort that has gone behind the scene and all of that was presented brilliantly!!
Appreciate your efforts to help understand topics like this. There is a ton of work behind this short little presentation.
For me this is a super complex subject yet he explained it effortlessly with great clarity. Wow!
This is one of the best videos on youtube period
I always wondered how we've managed to miniaturise such complex circuitry into tiny ICs. Thanks!
This was one of the coolest electronics videos I’ve seen in a while! Amazing presentation.
This is such an amazing project, literally the most helpful explanation I've ever come across.
This is one of the easiest understand presentations I’ve seen on the construction of integrated circuits.
Incredibly simplified. Brilliant man at explaining these subject matter. Superb.
Excellent and really informative video. Much respect and appreciation from someone who was a young electronics hobbyist when this chip was released. Thank you Windell and to all who were involved.
Regards Kieron.
The best explanation I've seen about this. OMG. Makes me want to print my own chips now!!
Great video! I've never really been able to understand how silicon dice were built, but this gave me a good idea of how it works.
This was so well presented that I could actually pick everything up on the first view!
Amazing. I wouldn't expect an easier to understand explaination. Thank you.
Incredible work. Thanks for sharing. Great respect to Windell Oskay.
This is an amazing video. It shows concretely how transistors physically work to form the logic gates that are used for calculations.
Sir, you are a hero... such a clear presentation, I love it!
Best Physical Representation! Thanks, Keep up the good work!
Congratulations for your work!
The best approach to logic electronics I ever saw!
How did the brain create something like this.
It wasn’t one brain.
Psychedelics
@@connorjohnson3429yes. That and education.
That's exactly what I wanted to understand. Deeply thank you! Awesome job!
This is really neat! are the "Wire Bonds"/Pins glitter hot glue sticks with one end heated up and mashed down on the acrylic?
Yes!
Great work, congratulations ! I've never seem such clear and clever presentation lilke yours.
I don't think I can thank you enough for explaining this so clearly, but I will try. God bless you, mate.
You are awesome
After twenty years, I finally understood how it actually works!!!
Absolutely GREAT explanation.
This was frickin amazing. I’m going to watch this over and over until I can do and understand the presentation myself.
Brilliant brilliant.
Please do this for more circuits
Do enough and we could have a circuit party
Amazing presentation of a integrated circuit.
cant thank you enough!!!
very easy and very well to understand explanation!
Thank you again!
EFFIN INCREDIBLE , Why don't they teach like this in schools. I'm almost 60 years old and can't thank him enough for making it so easy and concise. Thank you sir
I grew up behind the Iron Curtain and studied electronics. I'm not sure whether it is due to the place I grew up or whether my teacher was exceptionally good, but this is almost exactly how I learned how chips are made.
If it werent for the yt algorithm, I wouldnt have seen this gem.
Very concise and crear!
Awesome explanation, thank you!
This is SO awesome! Please let's have this be an integral tool of every EE entry logic circuits laboratory course in academia
This literally hurt my brain. Well done. I have to re watch this a few times.
Amazing presentation. This definitely helps me for my Masters's courses.
This 3d plastic model is a next level breakdown.
Excellent props! This would make a great kit for a classroom, been searching online stores for IC teaching tools, or even bare IC's for use in scopes... Great idea to use an older, more simple IC for this. Thanks!
This is so good! I really learned heaps just now.
Thanks for putting this much effort to educate unknowns , I gained something from this ,tanx a lot.
Impressive. Gold medal of YT education for you sir.
This is awesome. I was wondering how these things functioned. It’s incredible how small these are
Words cannot describe how educational this video is. Thank you. Semper Fi, USMC.
You should learn more words. Some are quite useful - But I agree, it's exceptionally educational.
Wow thank you! This has to be the most wonderfully simple explanation of a silicone chip. You Demystified the inner workings thank you. Amazing to think most modern chips have over 1bn transistors.
What I would love to know is what goes on inside when something such as an EPROM is reprogrammed.
I can understand everthing now, This is impressive explanation about ICs, thanks.
Extremely cool! Great video. Thanks!
Great Demonstration of a monolythic layer model!
Working for Infineon Technologies so fair so say!
Great work, I want one of those models
plexi+glue gun + saw +time = profit
*starts knitting in swedish*
Loved the visualization and explanation, 😀😀
What was up with the arduino? I am very interested.
I am extremely curious as well. All it looks like it was doing was blinking at alternating intervals.
You will need SEM for that. Plus, you it wouldn't be easy to see actual transistors of the ARM cause it's covered by a lot of circuitry removal of which would be kinda tricky.
It seems that they have etched away the top portion of the microcontroller to show what the insides look like.
@@0lleman Good spot!
" In loose hand-waving terms..." That is now my favourite saying
This is pretty common saying in my university in europe and it was so funny to hear him say it in english lol
So, have you found the exact same chip but with different metal layer that uses the unused elements yet?
The leftover parts can be used by wiring up a different metal layer and you can create the uL900 (buffer) and a dual version as well. Also the uL915 (Dual 3-input NOR)
In fact, it looks like a lot of the RTL series from Fairchild could have been realized by the same chip with different metallic layers, keeping a lot of the process the same.
Thanks! I was wondering why there seem to be resistors sitting there not connected to anything. Thank you so much for the explanation. It makes such great sense that you could make, I wouldn’t call it a universal chip, but you could certainly make a chip that could be turned into a couple of different final chips based upon the metal layer.
What he said 🤯
Best explanation I've ever seen... cheers and thanks
Nice model and explanation. I'd love a follow up that explained the junctions and electron flow. Presumably the clear layer is not a dielectric but is part on an n-p junction; I can only visualise the function by mentally replacing the clear layer with doped material and even then can't quite map it to my rudimentary understandings of diode junctions in transistors.
I've seen people pick apart things like Ds'es in order to add new components and it honestly makes me confused and intrigued on how chips work. Maybe one day i can truly grasp it but you made a neat explaination.
Thanks for your work guys!
This will be my go-to video when trying to explain chips to someone. =)
Great video! What a cool and fascinating project. 👍🏻
If I just had this in school...
Awesome explained! Thanks.
That's an impressive presentation! Love it!
Brilliant idea to make knowledge accesible to people. Thank you so much
Brilliant video, learned so much in such a short time, well done!
Great video and easy to follow :)
Awesome explanation!
Why are there unused "components" on the silicon layer? Was this design used for multiple chips with different functions, selected by the metal layer on top?
It's a possibility. But to me it looks like they tried to cram in a third gate but gave up on it and never bothered to manufacture a cleaned up stencil.
Sometimes features are built into chips simply for testing to make sure the process is in control, a "quality control only" feature. I am uncertain that this is the case with this chip.
I also want to know what the unused components are for. Are they artifacts from the development process? Are they there for structural integrity? other?
I would also have liked a better explanation on what the transistors in the chip was made of. Like the "gap", the word implies its air or vacuum, but the model had something solid there which implies the real one does too, and I am unsure how the base would be held in place away from touching the collector if the gap wasnt solid and the base has air on all sides.
@@feha92 look up pnp and npn transistors on UA-cam. It's basically 2 different types of silicon duping, so the different layers of materials are basically just n silicon and p silicon.
@@feha92 One possibility is that the same silicon was used to make chips with different functionality. If you have enough transistors, etc., in the silicon, you can implement different functions just by changing the metal layer(s) that wire(s) things up. Making new masks only for one or two metal layers is much cheaper than creating a complete stack of masks for new silicon. (This is even more true today now that many, many layers of masks are needed and the bottom (finer) masks are much more costly to make than the top ones for the metal layers. Today's complicated silicon devices typically contain lots of extra transistors, gates so that if you are lucky, bugs can be fixed by only changing metal wiring.)
omg. I knew how to make transistors but I never really understood how to utilize their structure. I now have a full understanding of how it's constructed and I can now make any circuit *from scratch.*
It's not as complicated as people make it out to be. Sure it can get a little involved but a 10 year old can grasp these basics.
What a great video!
That was awesome. I’ve been watching a lot of videos trying to figure out how silicon chips work and this is the first one that I fully understood.
This is a remarkable demonstration
That explanation was excellent.👍
Very educational and nice presentation!
Outstanding work!
Impressive video.
I was always seeking such a demo, never nobody came with something like this. It is I believe best demo for all of us decapping ICs :) and for kids starting with techics "must see".
Absolutely great presentation and video
thank you - very helpful. amazing how complex these things have become...a true engineering a technological feat
Good presentation....building large scale models are great teaching aid.... they should operate and compute bits as well....
Outstanding video!
Very nice detailed explanation
Knew this was the Maker Faire before you said it... Would recognize those chain link fence booths anywhere haha.
Incredible model. Wish I could buy this somewhere
Very good concept
Thanks for the video, nicely done 👍
The best explanation, at last i can figurate it!!
Amazing work!
The incredible educational work!