The Virginia Colony (Part 2: Indentured Servitude, Slavery, and the 1622 Massacre)

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  • Опубліковано 25 гру 2024

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  • @bodhifyer
    @bodhifyer 8 років тому +33

    I don't understand how anyone could watch part 1 but not part 2, thank you for continuing the series!

    • @tomrichey
      @tomrichey  8 років тому +4

      To be fair, Part I had around 200 views already by the time I was able to post Part II. But I'm still keeping Part II private for now - only for those who reach the end of Part I like a special surprise at the end! Haha

    • @bodhifyer
      @bodhifyer 8 років тому

      I appreciate it, its like the secret levels on DOOM, only there if you are willing to find it.

    • @jerellrush7816
      @jerellrush7816 6 років тому

      same

  • @crystalsoriginals1772
    @crystalsoriginals1772 6 років тому +5

    My class of young learners are LOVING your videos! My class is k-6th and they feel so smart after sitting through a video and stumping their parents with what they learned. Thank you and keep them coming! Ms. Mandee and Ms. Crystal at Trinity Learning Center in Boise, ID!

    • @tomrichey
      @tomrichey  6 років тому

      Thank you so much for these kind words. Please say hello to your students for me!

  • @luciejezequel1766
    @luciejezequel1766 8 років тому +14

    As a french student in master degree I think that these informations ar e realy clear and interesting also, you should keep it up!

  • @fetengineer9151
    @fetengineer9151 5 років тому +9

    I am a African American of mixed race heritage who recently took a DNA test and the results were very interesting... it said my ancestry is from "early" Virginia pre-1776 (Northern area). It also shows our migration to "early" Kentucky territory to Richmond Kentucky then into Southern Ohio & Richmond Indiana. I have followed up with this and discovered my family are DNA descendants of a person who is among the original signatures of the July 4th 1776 Declaration of Independence...

    • @fetengineer9151
      @fetengineer9151 4 роки тому +1

      @:mee'chala all rights reserved Very interesting information thanks for sharing.
      According to my DNA results my haplogroups & ancestry are: my mother's side maternal is L3e1e (East Africa) and her paternal side is R-M269 (European) Irvine-Stone bloodline.
      And on my father's side is basically the complete opposite... paternal is E-M4254 (East Africa) and maternal is European female.
      I wish, I could make sense of all this but it's very hard with too much mixing but, I have found some very interesting people both black & white.

    • @KentPetersonmoney
      @KentPetersonmoney 2 роки тому +1

      That's pretty cool.

    • @kudjoeadkins-battle2502
      @kudjoeadkins-battle2502 9 місяців тому

      Your people may haved lived in Richmond, Virginia as well.

  • @lucaix2560
    @lucaix2560 5 років тому +4

    tom richey is a legend - got me through my a levels and now my degree

  • @kaylaslack9276
    @kaylaslack9276 7 років тому +32

    I can't help it. I saw Bacon's Rebellion and all I could think was Bacon's Rebellion: When Pigs Fight Back.
    Okay, back to my summer homework now.

    • @tomrichey
      @tomrichey  7 років тому +8

      +kayla slack LOL I'll never think about Bacon's Rebellion the same way again!

    • @tomiwabakare1982
      @tomiwabakare1982 6 років тому

      *lol*

    • @thecasualatvguy617
      @thecasualatvguy617 4 роки тому +1

      Bacons rebellion, the glazening

    • @Yermomdoesitbetter
      @Yermomdoesitbetter 3 роки тому

      Not far from the truth! Labor was viewed as pigs or something less than human anyway. Not much has changed...
      More on bacons rebellion though please. A united, multi cutural force of people fighting for equality. Had some gains then gave up the ghost. That is when white labor was elevated above all others and institutional african slavery really took hold in the colonies. This is where it all begins man! The unity of the masses was divided and compromised easily by appealing to most humans need to feel superior to other humans. The English Created the race issues here in the u.s.!

    • @terrydavis9319
      @terrydavis9319 3 роки тому

      Ha lol

  • @amandarugamas9127
    @amandarugamas9127 6 років тому +21

    literally saving college students lives
    rip :)

    • @donyahinawi8722
      @donyahinawi8722 3 роки тому

      frrr

    • @Yermomdoesitbetter
      @Yermomdoesitbetter 3 роки тому

      College!?!?! This is all middle school level information! Or at least it was in the mid 1990's... why are college kids not aware of any of this, what has happened to the state of our education? And seriously, if you are in college and just hearing this for the first time, stop! Dont take out any more loans. Leave higher education. Its not for you...
      That said. This is good stuff.

  • @smoodcruz
    @smoodcruz 2 роки тому

    This is a more concise explanation, thank you. Especially at 0:36.

  • @sarag1158
    @sarag1158 5 років тому +7

    These videos are free college courses! Thank you for sharing your knowledge.
    Remember when Discovery Channel actually taught you something?

  • @sarag1158
    @sarag1158 5 років тому +2

    I was curious about indentured servitude. I'm an indentured electrician apprentice. My ancestors were indentured servants, in exchange for passage. They ended up in Appalachia.

  • @kevindel5
    @kevindel5 8 років тому +6

    Great Video, and first time in my live i can say first comment. Even though i don't need this videos for academical purposes; It is a pleasure see how you devote yourself doing this, i watch this for solely amusement, i really enjoy them. Keep up the good work. And greetings from Colombia. PD: I hope if you please do a video about here someday, Dr. David Bushnell's book The making of modern Colombia, a Nation in spite of itself must be a good start. Bye Bye.

    • @tomrichey
      @tomrichey  8 років тому +5

      Thanks! I've still got this video unlisted and it's only there for now for people who watched the entirety of Part I, so I appreciate you watching the whole lecture! Very pleased to see that there is an interest in US History outside of the US. I'll likely be focused primarily on US and European History for the next several years, but at some point, I would like to delve into some Latin American history.

    • @kevindel5
      @kevindel5 8 років тому

      +Tom Richey i must say that i like all the history i could learn. that comes since i was a child. now that i am 20, even though i have been recognised for know many things about history among my classmates in Uni. I still think that there is still much more to learn. Your material and many things arround me works in favour of knowing new things and going deep in others; thus helping me into keep growing in this my everlasting hobbie. PD: Quite large than i expected. is my english going well? i think that yes, but an external impression i always welcome.

    • @tomrichey
      @tomrichey  8 років тому

      +kevindel5 Yes, very well. I did not understand "Quite large than I expected" but other than that, I understand you very clearly!

    • @kevindel5
      @kevindel5 8 років тому

      Sorry i bypass that message by error. I meant to say that i wrote more than i expected. Tschüss

  • @Dream-bebe
    @Dream-bebe 7 місяців тому

    Amazing History 1301 lecture. I am going to pass my final exam ! 😊

  • @angiejones3946
    @angiejones3946 2 роки тому +1

    Wish my professors had been this fun!

  • @aasemahsan
    @aasemahsan 2 роки тому

    0:08 Indentured Servants & African Slaves
    Bacon's Rebellion
    4:48 1622 Indian Massacre

  • @queentwilightsparkle4975
    @queentwilightsparkle4975 7 років тому +1

    Thank you so much Richey, this video is helping me to flesh out my Geneology. :D

  • @robertenglehardt9706
    @robertenglehardt9706 3 роки тому +1

    Very interesting- nicely done

  • @farmrgalga
    @farmrgalga 8 років тому +5

    If you are going to do the lecture on the indentured servitude and slavery, can you mention some of the circumstances that lead to the "servitude" of many Irish?
    There is a lot of discussion on that, and on whether they were slaves or not. Would love to hear your take on that.
    (To me, Cromwell's actions made a lot of it slavery, not indenture, as it was done at gunpoint, but that is my view)

    • @queentwilightsparkle4975
      @queentwilightsparkle4975 7 років тому

      Not a bad idea, it is said that 85% of Virginian Colonists were Indentured Servants. :)

  • @Untamed_ayla
    @Untamed_ayla 6 років тому +1

    Your videos are really good!! Thanks!

  • @triedntrueiam
    @triedntrueiam 5 років тому +5

    Those slaves arriving in 1619 werent Africans. They were West Indians from the islands captured by the Spanish and then taken by the Europeans at sea. Don't believe me....Research it or watch the videos by Kurimeo Ahau. He gives all the sources; not just stories. I have been digging into the Virginia history as my ancestors were there in the 1700s. All brown people aren't Africans. Look at the old maps 1500-1600s. They have bushy-headed natives, not the mulattoes ($5 indians). Africans weren't the ones with the knowledge of tobacco planting. I honestly believe the truth is being suppressed because nobody feels that brown people should get reparations or our land back. Just like South America has bigger pyramids than Egypt, but credit, nor explanation is given. America would be much greater if the true story of its original inhabitants were made known. It's not cool that people keep calling us Africans and black. We are Americans, point blank. We are still being schooled to be slaves. The slaves who did come from Africa basically went to the islands to be trained/disciplined; not to Virginia.

    • @justtruth5855
      @justtruth5855 5 років тому

      TrikkiNikki Treasures correct most of what are now called African Americans, where already in the lands. The Eygptions and travellers from Timbukto had already travelled to the America. Calfornia was from a Eygption Queen called Calif. The people of Israel were sent there as well by the Syrian's 1000's of years ago. The truth is coming out.

    • @johnrogers8978
      @johnrogers8978 4 роки тому

      Spot on

  • @ourlordpapajohn4370
    @ourlordpapajohn4370 8 років тому +1

    Hey Tom,I'm not sure if you'll read this comment but can you make a video on pre-Civil War America,the Lincoln-Douglas debates and all the good stuff in the era?

  • @AmoKey23
    @AmoKey23 3 роки тому

    make a part 3! 🙏🏽

  • @mac2brown
    @mac2brown 2 роки тому

    Do you have any early artists renditions of these Powatan indians?

  • @mclgolfandstuff
    @mclgolfandstuff 8 років тому +3

    I'm not even in APUSH or anything related but I really enjoy your videos. Keep it up

    • @maphone3500
      @maphone3500 8 років тому +2

      I'm not even on a US curriculum for school (I'm from the UK) and I follow his videos

  • @lizzydarcy7257
    @lizzydarcy7257 6 років тому +2

    Is there any information you could give about the irish convicts that were sent to the colonies during the early 1700s?

    • @cn4140
      @cn4140 5 років тому +2

      Hi Lizzy , I can help you with information I know
      look up..
      "Jacobite rebels" sent 637 Scottish and Irish to American colonies on slave ship year 1715
      They were forced to "voluntarily" coming to indentured servitude , and if they refused they were forced into it upon arrival.
      I just found documentation of this as my great Grandfather was one of the Jacobite rebel .. I had no idea nor ever heard of this in history

    • @vestty5802
      @vestty5802 3 роки тому

      Irish and British convicts were often sent to America

  • @beslanintruder2077
    @beslanintruder2077 4 роки тому +3

    The English learned a lot in how to deal with "natives" during the conquest and plantation system in Ireland.

    • @wildfire9280
      @wildfire9280 4 роки тому

      Speaking of English atrocities, concentration camps in South Africa! (and only *slightly* less evil as they were intended to keep civilians out of the way while the rest of the republics were ethnically cleansed)

    • @vestty5802
      @vestty5802 3 роки тому

      And the ironic thing is the Irish who went to colonial America did the same thing

    • @beslanintruder2077
      @beslanintruder2077 3 роки тому

      @@vestty5802 thats true, many Irish and Scottish land and slave owners in the Americas. Probably more than the Native American and Afro-American slaveowners in the southern United States.

    • @vestty5802
      @vestty5802 3 роки тому +1

      @@beslanintruder2077 yep. Something I found interesting was these forts set up by Irishmen on the frontier of America an example being fort Donnelly set up in West Virginia during the 1700s as protection against natives. The ulster Scottish settlers in Ireland set up many similar forts as protection against the Irish obviously Irish were not as primitive as native Americans but interesting irony

  • @zinnmarx
    @zinnmarx 8 років тому +2

    using in my class! thanks

  • @annatr1862
    @annatr1862 6 років тому

    Great video, very straightforward and easy to understand.))

  • @elainemarylee
    @elainemarylee Рік тому

    It's good to point out - In American History, the Irish were "never" slaves, but they were indentured servants. During that time, America didn't codify "slave codes" to legislate their "treatment". Also, they were considered 1/5 of a person and "property". They also could "work" for their freedom.

  • @shakespearaamina9117
    @shakespearaamina9117 3 роки тому

    Thank you for your informative videos 🙏

  • @Ruben-kc8fz
    @Ruben-kc8fz 5 років тому +1

    How did the colonists feel about religious freedom? Did they tolerate other religions? Or did they persecute other religions?

  • @economath8164
    @economath8164 8 років тому +2

    Might I recommend a source for when you do go deeper into the origins of slavery in Virginia? Law in American History, Vol. I by G. Edward White.

    • @tomrichey
      @tomrichey  8 років тому +2

      Thanks for the recommendation (and for watching the whole lecture). I'd definitely like to go deeper into the timeline of the institutionalization of slavery in the Virginia Colony at some point.

    • @economath8164
      @economath8164 8 років тому

      White's first two chapters would definitely be good for that. However, Paul Finkelman is probably the overall best authority on the topic that I know of.

    • @260kevinsutton
      @260kevinsutton 7 років тому

      Hey what about Anthony johnson slave

  • @aerodicus
    @aerodicus 4 роки тому

    (5:27) From what I recall the Spanish were on the extreme end with their brutal ways towards the natives in the Americas. One example would be "la monteria infernal".

  • @TylerWyss-rh5gm
    @TylerWyss-rh5gm 4 місяці тому

    This is very helpful

  • @loyalram4363
    @loyalram4363 4 роки тому +1

    Not bad, Tom. A couple of things. According to Edmund Morgan in American Slavery,American Freedom, the main reason that Planters continued with white Indentured servants until pretty much Bacon’s Rebellion was due to the high mortality rate and they were only half as expensive as slaves They rarely finished their indentures,especially in the seasoning year. Especially in the first 40 years, working as an indentured servant in Virginia, was often a death sentence and WAS as bad as anything slaves endured in later years. This is not a very PC thing to say these days, but it angers me when historians diminish their experience, to emphasize African slavery. Another reason for the “dangerous men, was that their masters would make a deal with their indentured servants to leave the contract a year earlier so that their Planter did not have to provide them with land, tools,,seed per the contract. they were so desperate to escape the situation, they would do this and then have nothing.
    During the same time frame, the black indentured servants/slaves were considered almost worthless by Sugar Plantation owners, who sent them to desperate continental planters. They were called Atlantic creoles. They were often literate, multilingual and they understood much of the white culture and its laws. They were a pain in the ass, in other words from the Planter’s POV. I recommend Many Thousands Gone by historian Ira Berlin. Berlin called them the Charter generation' and the Plantation generation with African “salt water” slaves totally submerged all of the meager gains made by the Atlantic creoles, which is a heart breaker. Anyway, cheers.

  • @blerinaabdula9311
    @blerinaabdula9311 7 років тому +2

    thank you, really helpful!

    • @dtacherra6063
      @dtacherra6063 6 років тому

      Blerina Abdula youre hot text me

  • @Yournamehere365
    @Yournamehere365 3 роки тому

    EVOLUTION OF SLAVERY AS AN INSTITUTION YES> WE NEED THIS VIDEO. thank

  • @cameronandmitten
    @cameronandmitten 8 років тому +1

    SO INSPIRATIONAL

    • @tomrichey
      @tomrichey  8 років тому +6

      +Cameron Yanez You may be the first person ever to be inspired by an academic lecture on colonial labor systems. ☕️😂🇺🇸

  • @brittnopsall
    @brittnopsall 6 років тому

    Wonderful video!!

  • @brettmacklin3650
    @brettmacklin3650 2 роки тому

    4:12 : This man said as a labor force the planters saw slavery to be more convenient work force as opposed to indentured servitude. You don’t say?!…then he proceeded to list some of the least obvious and minute reasons as to how those planters arrived at their preference. WOW!😂 I wonder if in part 3 he’ll shock us by explaining how many of the slaves chose and preferred work over death.

  • @CharlesHarper7596
    @CharlesHarper7596 2 роки тому

    My 9th Great Grandfathers indenture was sponsored by a Leonard Chamberlain. He left Scotland for Virginia in 1653.

  • @causeeffect7051
    @causeeffect7051 5 років тому +1

    According to a paper on the Stanford University website (web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/trade_environment/health/htobacco.html) "The History of Tobacco and Its Growth Throughout the World" by Jason Young, "Tobacco, one of the most important cash crops in American farming, is native to the North and South American continents. It first became known to the rest of the world when European explorers in the 15th and 16th centuries saw it being used as a medicine and as a hallucinogen by Native Americans.. . "in 1612, John Rolfe, an Englishman and the future husband of Pocahontas, planted seeds of a West Indian variety of tobacco that flourished and produced tobacco stronger and sweeter than the short, tough variety previously grown in the area." When you said John Rolfe introduced the cultivation of tobacco, I assume you meant it was the first time it was planted as a profit-making crop by Europeans. Is that right?

  • @jiihgy2716
    @jiihgy2716 6 років тому

    I took an ancestry Dna test and my genetic community is Africans in North and Central Virginia

  • @vivianaarantza2071
    @vivianaarantza2071 4 роки тому

    1:59 / 8:45

  • @Wonderwomantam
    @Wonderwomantam 4 роки тому

    Very interesting.

  • @578sundriedAZ
    @578sundriedAZ 5 років тому +4

    There were indigenous dark melanated already here which the reds captured as 'slaves' to be transported to the islands and europe. You cannot use the 1619 troupe to cast a brush.

    • @wildfire9280
      @wildfire9280 4 роки тому

      Smhing my head, this is not how you do Afrocentrism.

  • @5dpghproductions286
    @5dpghproductions286 11 місяців тому

    I love how you do not mention the terrorism ushered into the indigenous land of the Native Americans and the terrorism of chattel slavery

  • @aprilstar3572
    @aprilstar3572 4 роки тому +2

    Some of my realatives were indentured servents from Scotland. Funny as I don't feel anger towards the people who made them work their fingers to the bone during that time,Should I ?

    • @wildfire9280
      @wildfire9280 4 роки тому

      No, because they were servants, not slaves. Didn't they sign the contracts too (even if coerced)?
      You underestimate the moral evil of slavery in the Americas and compare it to indentured servitude. Do you believe indentured servants were often lynched and raped? Do you think their employers "owned" them, legally or otherwise?

    • @dragonchr15
      @dragonchr15 2 роки тому

      of course not, because they became free white men and women after their indenture ended and probably went on to buy property and buy some African slaves of their own.....
      such privileges were not available to people of African descent....

    • @vespa9566
      @vespa9566 2 роки тому

      No , only blacks and Muslims play the victim card for 400 years

  • @thenextshenanigantownandth4393
    @thenextshenanigantownandth4393 5 років тому +1

    Worth pointing out that many of these ''Indentured servants'' where Irish prisoner-of-war and penal transports forceably moved as labourer servants to the Chesapeake colonies after the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. Many where Children and Women, They didn't sign up to a contract to become Indentured servants.
    Miller, Kerby A.; Schrier, Arnold; Boling, Bruce D.; Doyle, David N. (2003). Irish Immigrants in the Land of Canaan: Letters and Memoirs from Colonial and Revolutionary America, 1675-1815. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0195045130.

    • @dragonchr15
      @dragonchr15 2 роки тому +1

      it's also worth pointing out that when color-based slavery was established in the American colonies, the ancestors of these indentured servants was upgraded to "white" and they enjoyed a better life in the New World than they probably would have had they remained in Ireland....

  • @michaelwoodsmccausland5633
    @michaelwoodsmccausland5633 2 роки тому

    It was developed in Ire

  • @KentPetersonmoney
    @KentPetersonmoney 2 роки тому

    I read African slaves were actually allowed to marry Irish indentured servants at first before they banned it.

  • @johnchapman6013
    @johnchapman6013 5 років тому

    Is Virginia still owned by the English Crown on a Lease type of Agreement ?

    • @dragonchr15
      @dragonchr15 2 роки тому

      lol...even if it was, it should be interesting to see them try to enforce the claim....

  • @boatman352
    @boatman352 Рік тому

    Not all indentured servants agreed to be indentured. My 7th great grandfather was a indentured servant. He was taken prisoner by the English put on a prison ship. Brought to Virginia and sold into servitude. He spent the rest of his life indentured. He was 14 when first sold. It took two more generations for my ancestors to finally be free from servitude. This story over looks more about servitude than it tells you. Indentured servants were charged for everything they needed clothes food medicine. All of this added years to the length of servitude. If you got married it could double had a child tripled have two children add more years to that. It was a snowball effect

  • @wendytracey9737
    @wendytracey9737 2 роки тому

    Not all were poor. Hence the gentleman title or few others. Those that came on the Supply with William Tracy were from gloucestershire and were mostly kin working to gain land as an agreement. I believe it was an acre a year after the first three years with a promise of no less than 10 acres for 7 years.
    Some were indentured as housewives or future brides. Most were farmers.
    The Supply ship was the "Money ship" the Mayflower was the supposed yo be the front ship to throw off the Spanish ships.
    The ship carried hundreds of plants and seeds and clothing many of the seeds and trees came from the Carter, Throckmorton estates.
    William did not believe in slavery of any man. He respected his workers mostly because they were kin and had the same goal in mind. Williams death and Powhatan death lead to the massacre and yet Williams dream lived on long after. The massacre did take half of the colonists that came with him on the Supply.

  • @Swagmachine02
    @Swagmachine02 6 років тому +1

    Any a y'all niggas playin that new spooderman game

  • @knoton-koi_601
    @knoton-koi_601 3 роки тому +1

    American Indian villages were destroyed, which caused the need for the new candidates to be placed in P.O.W. camps called in your history books - plantations. Early plantations - 1634 middle plantation (VA), and Lawne's plantation (VA). [African-Americans???]

  • @missjade2940
    @missjade2940 4 роки тому +1

    Weren't the first Africans on American soil indentured servants?

    • @vespa9566
      @vespa9566 2 роки тому +1

      Yes and all 20 survived and became freeman ,within 4 to 10years

    • @taypfk
      @taypfk 2 роки тому +1

      No we were sovereign and already established here on Turtle Island. The colonizers with racist whites and reptile people from the British,Spanish, French, Dutch etc came to pillage the land of our ancestors for all its resources. Egypt is modern day Memphis near the Nile Valley and Africa is basically the whole “North America” but the back side of Grand Canyon leads into the central Africa.

    • @vespa9566
      @vespa9566 2 роки тому

      @@taypfk
      If it wasn’t for the British, French and Dutch the entire continent of Africa would still be enslaved by the Muslims.
      100 years ago people were praising the colonizers .
      after 1400 years of Muslim rule.

    • @SandfordSmythe
      @SandfordSmythe Рік тому

      @@vespa9566 Documentation? Why free them?

    • @vespa9566
      @vespa9566 Рік тому

      @@SandfordSmythe
      You might want to read about Anthony Johnson

  • @aprilstar3572
    @aprilstar3572 4 роки тому +1

    Odd that this bit of history has been omitted from being taught to our children.

  • @tomosjacoborgan1058
    @tomosjacoborgan1058 2 роки тому

    1619 brought black servants, older historians say.

  • @matubbee
    @matubbee 5 років тому

    That picture is a picture of Indians doing what they were doing before the Europe arrived come on dude

  • @UshZebra
    @UshZebra 3 роки тому +1

    were they indentured servants or slaves? did they sign up for the deal or were their houses burnt to the ground before they were arrested and jailed for being vagrant and then SOLD? That happened to a great lot of so called indentured servants. Furthermore, James VI sold female and children MacGregor's in 1604 when 30 men were hung. "MacGregor clansmen, caught after refusing to renounce their name, were killed while the women were stripped, branded, and whipped through the streets before they and their children were sold into slavery in Britain’s new American colonies. when he outlawed MacGregors for poaching after he declared all the deer his own personal property". Put that in your history papers.

  • @dmitrianna
    @dmitrianna Рік тому

    They were not all endentured servants in 1619. Yhey were white english childen

  • @dmitrianna
    @dmitrianna Рік тому

    Oh and the 1 st black slaves came on a Portuguese ship

  • @whiteeyedshadow8423
    @whiteeyedshadow8423 5 років тому +2

    i would not call this video a lecture

  • @5dpghproductions286
    @5dpghproductions286 11 місяців тому

    Bless your racist heart

  • @michaelwoodsmccausland5633
    @michaelwoodsmccausland5633 2 роки тому +1

    Propaganda

  • @lottogod83h4
    @lottogod83h4 4 роки тому

    You have some free educated black that had some land they kept on changing laws on blacks and you know the old saying survival of the fittest

  • @KaskadiaJackassWatch
    @KaskadiaJackassWatch 4 роки тому +1

    There were East Indians brought in by the British as indentures at the start of the colony that ended up being slaves fairly quickly. At some point, its been said that East Indians outnumbered Native Americans in the region. There are dozens of cases of East Indians taking their "masters" to court to gain their freedom. Eventually they were classified as negro, mulatto, etc. losing all rights. My ancestors had several, in fact, at least 1 was my ancestor (proven by DNA).

  • @anon5091
    @anon5091 2 роки тому

    I found this site called runawaycatalog that has ads of a few runaways.