What is Cancer?
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- Опубліковано 11 кві 2014
- In this video Paul Andersen answers the very simple question: What is cancer? He explains how damage to the DNA can create uncontrolled cell growth. He explains how malignant tumors can spread the disease throughout the body and gives possible treatments.
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Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
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All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Asd.and.Rizzo. English: Cancer Cells Photographed by Camera Attached to Microscope in Time-Lapse Manner., July 23, 2008. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
BruceBlaus. English: Epidermis. See a Full Animation of This Medical Topic., January 29, 2014. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
"File:Thorax Pa Peripheres Bronchialcarcinom Li OF Markiert.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 23, 2014. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tho....
Häggström, Mikael. English: Image for Use in the Human Body Diagrams Project. To Discuss Image, Please See Talk:Human Body Diagrams, May 25, 2011. All used images are in public domain. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
Meyer, D. Glivec (Gleevec) Film Tablet Made by Novartis., July 2, 2006. Photo made by myself. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
Sponk, Difference_DNA_RNA-EN svg: *Difference_DNA_RNA-DE svg: English: DNA in Eukaryote Cell, August 5, 2012. This file was derived from: Difference_DNA_RNA-EN.svg Chromosome.svg Animal_cell_structure_en.svg. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
![The Cell Cycle (and cancer) [Updated]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/QVCjdNxJreE/mqdefault.jpg)
you're a joy to listen to. no "ah's" or "ums". thank you so much.
1:37 umm
5:20
@@kevinwang6490 the point is, compared to most teachers, this is almost immaculate.
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Didn't ask
Watching this has made me understand what cancer actually is. Thankyou for this video
Great presentation! Love how you add the animation to your discussion! Very easy to understand! Keep up the great work!
Youre so awesome! I love how well you explain things. I will definitely pass my classes thanks to you! :)
Thank you for that most lucid explanaition
Videos always rock Mr. Anderson!
Thanks for the video, you do this for all the right reasons so i want you to know it is appretiated
Very informative for a regular person like me! Thank you for doing this video!
You do much too good a job with these videos! Length is just right, the content is very focused, the excellent examples.
great video. finally understood this matter. flawless flow in speaking
I've just subscribed and I already love your explanation
Brilliant! The video was easy to understand. Thank you kindly for the video. I found it very helpful.
Thanks for describing cancer so easily for what my professor took 2 hours online and still failed. Thanks for such a great and smooth informational video.
STFU
@@bigmanaaron1639 thanks. Im gaining attention. 😂
Aamzing videos, so easy to understand! Thanks so much! keep posting 😊❤️
I like how he says very simple and then give a 6 minute explanation on what cancer is
Why can't the macrophages and killercells in the immune system kill this tumor? Please like so Bozeman can see this.
***** Thats right, one more point is the sugar markers. The sugar markers within the extracellular matrix vary in cancers calls. The immune system in some people is capable of seeing these markers. There are ways to expose cancer cells.
The answer is very complex. Think of it like a pest species such as mosquitos or bacteria. If you spray for mosquitos, you will kill millions of them each time you do. In that large, heterogeneous population, there will be mosquitos that have genetic mutations that render your spray useless. Over time, the susceptible population will be wiped out and replaced by those who are immune. If you try to reuse the same spray you had used previously, it will do nothing.
As you mentioned, many of our immune cells will readily identify and kill cancer cells. This represents perhaps the greatest selective challenge cancer cells face. Tumors, like the mosquitos, are a large, heterogenous population. As time goes on, cancer cells, which often have corrupted DNA repair mechanisms and an incredible rate of proliferation, begin to favor the survival of cancer cells that have mutations that prevent recognition and killing by immune cells. This process is called immunoediting. One of the primary mechanisms cancer cells are recognized is by presentation of antigens on MHC I complexes found on the surface of cells. Although mutations play a significant role, what really seems to be privileging cancer cells doesn't seem to be mutations at all; instead it is the reactivation of genes that they shouldn't be using. What governs this process is unknown.
Our immune system is a powerful tool to keep us same from harm, but often it makes mistakes. Collateral damage caused by the immune system can kill us. There are many tissues, particularly in the central nervous system and the human embryo, that are vital to our species and must therefore be protected from the immune system. Many of these cells present molecules on their surface that inactivate or even kill immune cells that try to target them. Cancer is evolution incarnate; not only are tumors and cancer cells constantly acquiring mutations upon which natural selection acts, but seemingly gain a key to the protein-encoding genes perfected over the last 650 million years of vertebrate evolution.
Because those cells belongs to our body our immune system does not attack our own cells even though it becomes a cancer cell because of the genetic constitution
@@KRAkil-cs4eh not necessarily true. We have a series of markers on cells that kind of provide a "window" into the cell that show what kinds of proteins it's making. If there are viral or mutated proteins being translated, these are viewed as non self
They kill some of the cancer cells but they cann't kill all of them.
Wish you went more into anchorage and density dependent inhibition because that's how it's characterized in AP Biology. But great video they're all so helpful!
Nice introduction, thanks!
Very well done and helpful.
Extremely informative video
Perfect detailed explanation
I love your teaching!!!
You are such a good bio teacher.
Thank you so much….! This is the video which I need now…
Very well explained!!!!!!
Wow! That was a great explaination
i am still in primary five i am watching those all day ,thanks for this :D
Very helpful. Thank you.
Explained it nicely
It was very helpful thank you.
Very helpful info
Great video!
Very helpful
Great inf thank you
Yes this was very helpful, still 6 years later :)
wery wery helpfull...thwnks
you are the best
tkank you so much ❤️
My A.P. Bio teacher loves you! Thanks for the review
me too, cause actually he do explain well
Yeah, that was very helpful.
great! thank you
Thank you.🥺
Yes it was helpful. I was recently informed of a large tumor that must be removed, and I will learn if it is cancerous in a few days. Therefore, this short informative video was a great refresher tool to remind me of the cause of tumors. Thank you!
Hey so was it? Hope you’re well.
Also hoping that you're alright!
@@Mustafa-rv8cl, Thank you. The tumor was successfully removed and determined as non-cancerous. Sorry for the delayed response. I just received a notification regarding this dated post. Weird!
@@ebonyleslie7122, Thank you. The tumor was successfully removed and determined non-cancerous.
The “walnut sized” tumor was removed from my nostril about ten weeks after it was discovered. Thanks be to God, the tumor did not spread into my brain, as suggested before its removal, nor did it have a lasting effect.
king of all subject
Well done, this is a good introduction video to tumor forming cancers (About 85% of all cancers)
We desperately need better ways to more accurately Grade and Stage cancers (Truly knowing early-on which mutations are really dangerous ones). Without good low-cost methods to measure the metastatic potential of a cancer the quality of expensive cancer studies has always been compromised.
Perhaps one of Mr Anderson students will be part of the solution one day. You have a really excellent teacher here.
Other obstacles have to be overcome,
Inefficient business models V's Passionate scientists being free to work together
Gains for Individual companies V’s Patient Impact
Publicly Funded Science for Sale (Behind pay walls V’s “True” Open Access
that was helpful thx
im studying medicine and i watching these kind of videos
Good job'...
Im amazed
wow, thanks
Will lots of exercise/workout greately decrease your chance of getting cancer?
Omg yassssss I'm so confident for my bio test yess
Thanks for the vid I never seen cancer and never know what cancer is! Thank you! 😁😁😁 and wow your smart smarter then me
I hope it stays that way
Ty I get it now
Thx
Are there any foods or drinks that help fight cancer?
you are the bestttt
In description box you've made typo.
Very helpful indeed!!
I know this is the standard explanation for cancer (ie, cell starts going crazy not listening to body and replicating). But from what I was hearing, a cell starts to out-compete other nearby cells at which point the nearby cells will start to ramp up to compete. Until we have a cancerous growth of many different types of cells. If it were just a cell multiplying then wouldnt it be a homogeneous growth?
Bozeman Science please tell me if this is incorrect in your opinion? I can link you to the studies if you are interested
You said one treatment of cancer is using ionizing radiation, but does ionizing radiation not cause DNA strands to break and thereby damage chromosomes... cause mutations that may trigger a tumour to develop in the first place ?. Seems contradictory, please explain.
IR will cause damage to DNA in both normal and cancer cells. Cancer cells replicate faster and if repair enzymes are unable to keep the DNA repaired and faithful cancer cells die more often due to replication errors.
How does uncontrollable cell growth lead to death of a tissue or organ? Is it because all the energy of that part of the body is being spent on the production of cancer cells & therefore not on the healthy cells?
Probably a bit of both. Also (this is just my guess, I hv no idea for sure), the cancer cells, if they divide enough, can restrict the function of vital organs. For example, if a cancerous mass were to occupy, say, the left lung, then, the bigger it grows, the more it restricts the function of the left lung, until, eventually, it takes up the entire lung and caused it to be completely useless, while restricting the amount of oxygen at the same time
A fine explanation of cancer, but it focuses more on therapy than on causes and prevention. In that sense, a corporate-friendly neoclassical explanation..
why not trying alkaline therapy due the the specific pH constitution of the cells hence neutralisation
Does the immune recognise cancer cells or when is the problem too big for the body to deal with. Thanks!
I think cancerous cells bypass the "normal" cell checkpoints, because they're mutants. And that's why it's hard for the immune system to detect a foreign antigen, because it skips specific parts of the cycle and they just replicate uncontrollably. (I think :))
Forgot to add, that's why cell apoptosis isn't effective :) because cancerous cells are mutated
Yes, the immune system removes neoplastic cells on a daily basis. It's actually amazing once you understand all the hurdles a neoplastic cell has to get over in order to survive in situ, metastasize, and then survive in the target tissue.
cool thanks for the answer!
Really Osm 🌸♥️
So it's like diminishing returns?
Cancer sucks :(
natural selction
STFU
Actually a study shown if your active through you 60ss and above less likely chance of cancer the more you exersice the more healther all the way around less chance of cancer
My baby couzin is going to die because of cacer I am so sad
But, isn't mutations which causes all cancers? You said that the causes are different, but cancers are the same. I'm a little confused regarding that
Ajaay Persaud Like Team Rocket said, environmental factors & health choices may lead to mutations. And these mutations will cause cancer.
Your channel :3
An interesting documentary was Forks Over Knives. Individuals discovered that a diet rich with fresh vegetables, and eating no meat, permit the body to heal from many illness. It's also interesting to see so many individuals Living to Prevent Cancer.
The best way to treat the cancer is the Mishin's coil device
Man... This is so familiar. Last year my grandfather had prostate cancer so he had to have prostate removal surgery, followed by about a years worth of radiation treatments. Do to the cancer being in his prostate a lot of my friends were giggling about it! Cancer is not funny, and cancer cells is absolute cellular psychopaths...
You didn't explain how uncontrolled cell growth is bad for the body
uncontrolled cell growth leads to formation of a tumour and then cancer
which is bad for the body
👌
anyone else think of the matrix when hearing "Mr. Anderson"?
Benign tumor stays in a particular location
The cells in the tumour are the same, aren't they? Because they are the progeny of one genetic mutational cell.
Though I thought the video was quite informative and overall well presented, your use of the word "tumor" is incorrect. It is more appropriate to call the collection of cancer cells a mass or nodule. "Tumor" refers to *any* abnormal swelling (bug bite, swollen stubbed toe, etc.) and is not remotely synonymous with cancer in a medical/pathological context due to its extremely broad/nonspecific meaning. The more correct way of defining cancer is "malignant neoplasia." It would serve those interested in understanding the differences of the following terms: hyperplasia, neoplasia, malignant, and benign.
Can you please go straight to the main points so I don’t get tired takings notes😂
ong
I killed bithic magma
Looks like I'm free.
Mr Anderson, you have a cool name
My explanation is slighthly different. Tumorigenesis is a complex, temporo-spatial, multistep phenomenon that begins locally in macromolecules at the level of quantum interactions during spontaneous thermodynamic fluctuations [Waliszewski P et al. On the holistic approach in cellular and cancer biology: nonlinearity, complexity, and quasi-determinism of the dynamic cellular network. J Surg Oncol 1998; 68(2): 70-78]. Macromolecules undergo deterministic chaotic oscillations caused by physical forces whose average value in time is zero. Some of those fluctuations lead to the irreparable DNA damage in protein encoding genes as well as to the altered function of DNA polymerases. Those alterations result in both qualitative and quantitative changes in non-linear, non-bijective, and quasi-deterministic dynamic cellular network composed of genes, their regulatory elements, RNAs and functional proteins. In particular, mutations appear in some critical genes during DNA synthesis and replication (compare [Tomasetti C, Lu L, Vogelstein B. Stem cell division, somatic mutation, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention. Science 2017; 355: 1330-1334.]). A novel cellular phenotype emerges. Since that process occurs random and parallel in different stem cells, malignant phenotype may appear in different tissue localizations. Usually, cells with the mutated DNA self-organize in a tumor, that is, a tissue structure composed not only of malignant cells, but also fibroblasts, muscle cells, and blood vessels. Although that lesion develops locally, phenotypically malignant cells spread over the body and colonize the distant organs as metastases. The metabolic influences of the local lesion change eventually metabolism at different levels of hierarchical organization of multicellular organism, from subcellular organelles up to the organism level. Those metabolic alterations lead to death of patients. Thus, a variety of interactions within that hierarchy determine the course of tumorigenesis as a disease.
Didn't ask
walter
Cancer is a Malignant Alien!!! 👾🧬
Just get the Tumour out then what’s stopping U from doing that
is that russell howard?
How to cure cancer: change your jeans
I’m sorry I’ll go now
EDIT: spelling
Wait just a second... correlation shows causation? I think not! C'mon Bozeman. I love your videos but that's a scientific no-no right there. (2:35)
What is cancer? Anime.
I have kids in my basement
LETS THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX AND POSSIBLY CONSIDER THE MENACE OF FUNGUS !!!
Greg Balteff what
L mans
Omg it’s me