The Impressive Training of Alexander the Great's Army
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- Опубліковано 28 кві 2024
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This video covers the training and recruitment of an army that conquered the known world in one of the most famous historic campaigns; The Macedonian Army of Philipp II and his son, Alexander the Great. This video compiles everything we know about the impressive training and preparations done by the famous infantry phalanx and elite Companion Cavalry, among whom would be Alexander the great himself, in order to get their recruits up to warrior status! Due to their everlasting fame, their methods and training would be heavily studied and interpreted by many people for centuries to come, like the Romans and Persians, among others.
Sources:
- Austin, M. M. The Hellenistic world from Alexander to the Roman conquest: a selection of ancient sources in translation, 2nd ed, Cambridge, (2006): 252-7.
- Gauthier, P. and Hatzopoulos, M. B. La loi gymnasiarchique de Beroia. Athens, 1993.
- Hammond, N. G. L. “Royal Pages, Personal Pages, and Boys Trained in the Macedonian Manner during the Period of the Temenid Monarchy.” Historia: Zeitschrift Für Alte Geschichte 39, no. 3 (1990): 261-90.
- Hammond, N. G. L. “The Continuity of Macedonian Institutions and the Macedonian Kingdoms of the Hellenistic Era.” Historia: Zeitschrift Für Alte Geschichte 49, no. 2 (2000): 141-60.
- Hammond, N. G. L. “The Various Guards of Philip II and Alexander III.” Historia: Zeitschrift Für Alte Geschichte 40, No. 4 (1991): 396-418.
- Hammond, N. G. L. “Training in the Use of a Sarissa and its Effects in Battle”. Antichthon, Volume 14, (1980): 53-63.
- Hammond, N. G. L. “What May Philip Have Learned as a Hostage in Thebes?” . Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, vol. 38, No.4, (1997): 355-372.
- Heckel, W. “The ‘Somatophylakes’ of Alexander the Great: Some Thoughts.” Historia: Zeitschrift Für Alte Geschichte 27, no. 1 (1978): 224-28.
- Rinaldi, S. Les hétairoi, compagnons guerriers et amis, images et réalités politiques d'Homère à Alexandre le Grand. Soutenue le 15-12-2009 à Paris 10 , dans le cadre de École doctorale Espaces, Temps, Cultures (Université Paris Nanterre).
- Taylor, M. J. Soldiers and Silver: Mobilizing Resources in the Age of Roman Conquest. University of Texas Press: Austin. 2020. - Розваги
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Can you talk about the Macedonian Phalanx on how do Thin Pikes from a 2nd-3rd row protect men from arrows?
What was the purpose to use Pelta shield if it requires to use both hands to hold a sarrisa?
Speaking of Pelta, what's the point for skirmishers to carry shields if they're not engaging in close quarters combat?
And he wasn't even greek
Tgis Warriors school is a prof tht a multi ethnical state doesn't work and culture should like religion be one. Then comwsthe topic of race. Noone who isn't a patrot wll do good for his country
After Alexander's death, these dudes, most of whom were in their 30s, would end up ruling over their own slice of the known world. Wish we had more written records from this period, these men lived fascinating, hardcore lives.
Shout out to Ptolemy's incest dynasty.
@@oddish2253 *hits pipe*
@@oddish2253 He was only keeping in line with the prior Egyptian tradition lol
Eumenes was done dirty
@@herbthompson8937
Not really, if you consider the position of the Silvershields in Eumene's war. (One of the Diadochi Wars)
A unit that has served both Philip and Alexander, undeniably the most grizzled and veteran unit in the world with its last wish being to finally retire in peace.
(These men reached 60s-70s like King Leonidas)
The unfortunate ransack of their booty along with their families was the last straw.
How much would you be willing to fight for a leader who is only utilising you to the extreme and postponing your retirement just for his maybe righteous but yet selfish ambitions?
(No matter his name)
Especially after your family and earnings get at your enemy's hands. You as a soldier have nothing to fight for anymore, but just for glory in which you have already gained enough throughout your career. I do not blame them, Eumenes was incapable to finish a job, twice he had the chance to destroy Antigonos, twice he reached an indecisive conclusion in his last battles, its not the Silvershields fault. And in contrast he even dared to curse them and indeed Antigonos due to their "treacherous" and dreadful reputation of prowess dispatched them across his Empire to die in the most dangerous/hardest to live areas, (destroys them) guarding random settlements.
They literally mutinied to Alexander at India and were about to be released off duty after another mutiny of the new recruits at Opis several months later. Until Alexander died and Diadochi Wars broke out...and anyone commanding them like a wild card had the advantage. Since they guarded the huge collective treasury across the conquered lands plus baggages and their families as followers.
Such a tragic story for the most Elite Warriors this earth has ever seen.
''The Greeks could rule the world, Alexander did. He took a Greek army to the far Indus there was nothing left to conquer. The world was his.''- Total war Rome Greek intro
Africa. America. Northen europe. East asia.
?
@@shichilaofa It's hyperbole.
@shichilaofa America? WTF are you talking about? America and the rest of the world that you speak of consisted of local tribesmen at that point. He captured the part of the world that actually mattered. No other army at any point in history penetrated as deeply and decisively as Alexander's army.
@@shichilaofaI see what you mean. But what Alexander had achieved was and is still truly remarkable. And at the time the Greeks believed the world was far smaller than it actually is. And in the mind of the Greeks at the time. Alexander did conquer the majority of the world.
But I think it’s also pretty important to point out whenever possible. That Alexander’s army was not made up of just Greeks or Macedonians. But many different peoples from all over the empire. And even though technically these non Greek troops would be considered Greek after Alexander brought their homeland into his Macedonian empire. In reality they weren’t and the fact that Alexander was able to bring all these different troop types together to form what is undoubtedly the greatest fighting force the world had ever seen at the time.
Sounds like quite the conqueror to me
Too many think of Alexander as the greatest conqueror in history. He was amazing, he did a lot, but the tools he needed to do such things were already there, provided by his father. History's other great conquerors did not have their path to greatness forged for them. Phillip deserves more credit.
That's not entirely true.
1. Phillip is underrated. He was a diplomatic mastermind. But this was a massive weakness for the complicated web of Alliances he created (with Macedonia as hegemon), because the glue holding it together was Phillip's genius. And it would require someone greater than him to prevent that complicated mess he created from collapsing like a house of cards upn his death.
2. Alexander inherited a hot mess of a situation that was near impossible to salvage.
The fact that Alexander managed salvage things as he did, with the speed and effectiveness he did, making it look easy, is in itself a testament to Alexander's greatness.
Just Alexander's initial local campaigns and stuff was enough to cement him as one of the greatest.
3. Alexander didn't use the Macedonian army to conquer Persia. He used the Corinthian League.
Most of the Macedonian army stayed with Antipater.
Only 25%of Alexander's army was Macedonian. And even that Macedonian core wasn't completely Macedonian.
E.g. Ptolemy, Perdicass, Craterus, Pausanias, Antiochus, etc were all Orestians (a sub tribe of Mollosians...Epirots)
4. Phillip's kingdom was on the brink of financial disaster. It couldn't afford its own army.
The reason Alexander seems so desperate for battle, was because he was...for financial reasons. He was always a few months away from everything collapsing the moment he was unable to pay Phillip's professional army.
It's why the Thebans were sold into slavery. It bought Alexander a few months breathing room.
It wasn't until the successes in Anatolia that Alexander could breath easy for the first time.
5. In other words, Alexander wasn't playing on easy mode. He was playing on a ludicrously hard difficulty level.
It's Alexander's ability to make the impossible seem easy that makes him underated in many was as well.
Some of his own generals made that same mistake and they learned the hard way. When Perdicass took control of the royal army, he was killed by the army for seeming incompetent compared to Alexander. He wasn't incompetent at all, just compared to Alexander (who made things seem easy) his failures seemed like incompetence.
True he lost an eye unifying the great Heliade, but Alexander is the greatest because he had the greatest training, he wasn’t the 1st born, he was the most humaine of them all and he conquered his entire world by the Age of 32.
@@tylerdurden3722 Sounds like you just be narrating this video.
Od say Ghengis Khan was the greatest conquer in History. Alexander inherited his army, he was highly educated by the best scholors, trained since he was young to fight war. Ghengis Khan was a son of an unimportant cheif. He was made a slave at a young age, he managed to escape and took revenge on his captors, then united the mongol tribes into an incredibly well disciplined army that went on to forge the largest land based Empire in history. Three times the size of Alexanders.
@@ianwilson4841 Exactly my opinion. At one point his "empire" consisted of his mother, a few horses and a land full of enemies. Seems like comparing a trust fund baby to a self made millionaire.
I have read that the elite Macedonian infantry were called the Hypaspists (shield bearers) and seem to have been the "special forces" of the army being used in a variety of ways to support the pike armed Phalanx as well as the cavalry. Very interesting subject matter!
Yes they had shorter spears and were armed more akin to the old Greek hoplite fashion, and were used to guard the flanks of the phalanx or in sieges because they were more flexible.
These guys would basically do anything the king required, at any time. During campaigns, not only would they indeed protect the flanks of the phalanx while in battle, they would also serve as bodyguard to the king by setting up their tents in a ring around the king's quarters back in camp. They would also serve as assault units during sieges, using their superior training and grit to break the ennemy's defences. We have multiple records of Hypaspists climbing first the walls of a forteress, for example the time when Alexander himself climbed the wall of a citadel in India accompanied by his Hypaspists and got stranded there with only two of them, who gave up their lives to defend him until the rest of the army breached the gates in a frenzy to save their king. Another one from later times, during the reign of the last Macedonian king, Perseus, tells how his Peltasts (the equivalent of the Hypaspists of Alexander on the battlefield, as Hypaspist had become a court title by then) stormed a citadel during the Third Macedonian War.
The Hypaspist would undertook a variety of assignement, including political assassination sometimes, as was shown by the execution of Parmenion, the assassination of Perdiccas, the arrest of Eumenes. No doubt they were given some secret assignements as well, as shown by the way Antigonos Monophtalmos got rid of the old Silver Shields (the name the legendary Hypaspists of Alexander would be called by the time of Alexander's death), he would sent them on various dangerous missions accross his territory until they would all die out.
They could also fight much like any phalangite. During the battle of Pydna, the Peltasts actually led the charge against the Romans. They wielded a shorter version of the sarissa in order to charge with more impetus. They managed to push back the legions, no one could stop them. And when the battle was decided and the Macedonian army routed, they were the only one to hold their ground. They fought to the last man.
@@praiza1481 In short, it sounds like they did pretty much everything except ride the calvary.
Interesting to note that all Macedonian military terminology is purely of Hellenic origin much the same as today's military terminology.
@@AKRITAS365 Well that's not surprising, the ancient Macedonian language is either a dialect of ancient Greek or a separate language but still of the Hellenic family, depending on who you ask.
As for the terminology, since the Macedonian adopted hoplite warfare since the Classical period at the very least, it's no surprise they would use the same words such as syntagma or lochos. And since Philip was raised in Thebes as a hostage, that's double the reasons for him to adopt such terminology.
Alexander the great is still viewed as the Greatest Greek of all time amongst the Greeks..
greek?
yes sir@@juliancarax4797
Gianiss in 4 🥱
Hellenic ==>> means Greek!
DEFINITELY NOT SLAVOBULGARIAN!!
Yes every college professor around the world who has the degree in history where they be from Oxford University or a university in India Japan they're going to say Alexander the Great was Greek there's only a handful like four or five like Peter Green and Eugene Borza that challenge that however even Eugene Borza never believed that the current macedonians or so-called Slavic macedonians the people from the former Yugoslavia had anything to do with the ancient macedonians and before you spew crazyness you can look it up and it will show you that.
Wow, these guys at 18 were part of the elite macedonian cavalry and im here at 27 eating McDonalds complaining why life is hard 😂😂
Wow
Hahaha feel you bro
all becomes clear in comparison isn't it
Well the average lifespan was like 40 and people became parents at like 16 back then, so...
@@silverchairsg"Average" counting infant and early childhood mortality. If you made it to puberty, good chance you could hit 60-80 depending on your class and lifestyle.
And even still I'd say 40 years of thorough education, hunting game, being in nature, appreciating art and literature, marching all over the known world, and forming unbreakable brotherhoods is infinitely better than 85 years of Twitter, Ubereats, and making some sociopathic merchant a dollar for each of your pennies.
We hope you all enjoy this latest instalment to the training series. Let us know what historic athletes/armies we should cover next, we are all ears!
Genghis Kahn’s Mongols Training and Recruitment
Something spicy and usually not being portrayed. Either the Ali'i's armies of Hawaii or the Datu's armies of the Philippines.
More on the Companions training
Persians at different times
The historic Assassins. To blend seamlessly into any army in any position would take something special.
Please cover either the Varangians or the Eastern Romans of Justinians army or the themata of the Macedonian Dynasty 🙏
Impressive indeed. Over 2000 years later we're still talking about them and holding the Macedonians up as examples of the perfect citizen soldiers so I would have to say they were fairly successful.
That's why West Bulgarians try to steal this history from us the greeks, its just too impressive and cool
the army of alexander consisted of different greek ppl not only macedonian, except spartans which refused to go.
Actually, even though alexander is the best general, the perfect citizen soldier is without a doubt the Spartans. But of course all greeks were super high quality soldiers , and that includes the Macedonians so you are not really wrong.
Sitting around young Greek Nobles learning from Aristotle with a future Alexander the Great & Future Pharoah of Egypt Ptlomey would be one of those "if u could go back in time moments!"
To think that Alexander, Ptolemy, Phillip, Aristotle, Seleukos and Diogenes could've all been in the same room at the same time
".. do not forget Greece, Alexander ..It was for her sake that you launched your whole expedition, to add Asia to Greece .."
Arrian [Anabasis of Alexander 4.11.7]
«.. τῆς Ἑλλάδος μεμνῆσθαί σε ἀξιῶ, ὦ Αλέξανδρε ἧς ἕνεκα ὁ πᾶς στόλος σοι ἐγένετο, προσθεῖναι τὴν Ἀσίαν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ..»
Ἀρριανός [Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἀνάβασις 4.11.7]
🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷
i thought Greece didnt really like Macedonians. sus
@@juliancarax4797 "The ANCIENT MACEDONIANS WERE GREEKS, THEIR LANGUAGE WAS GREEK to judge by their personal names, and by the names of the months of their calendar."
George Cawkwell, Emeritus Fellow, University College Oxford
"That the (ancient) Macedonians WERE GREEKS by race there can no longer be any doubt. They were the northernmost fragments of the Greek race left stranded behind the barriers of mount Olympus. However isolation from the Aegean had withheld them from progress in the arts and civilisation."
[Benjamin Ide Wheeler, 'Alexander the Great' p. 10]
@@vangelisskia214 not what greeks thought lol, they said macedonians were half barbarians because their culture are only half similar to thr greek one
@@juliancarax4797 "Ancient allegations that the Macedonians were non-Greek all had their origin in Athens at the time of the struggle with Philip II. Then as now, political struggle created the prejudice. The orator Aeschines once even found it necessary, to counteract the prejudice vigorously fomented by his opponents, to defend Philip on this issue and describe him at a meeting of the Athenian Popular Assembly as being 'ENTIRELY GREEK'. Demosthenes' allegations were lent an appearance of credibility by the fact, apparent to every observer, that the life-style of the Macedonians, being determined by specific geographical and historical conditions, was different to that of a Greek city-state. This alien way of life was, however, common to western Greeks of Epirus, Akarnania and Aitolia, as well as to the Macedonians, and THEIR FUNDAMENTAL GREEK NATIONALITY WAS NEVER DOUBTED. Only as a consequence of the political disagreement with Macedonia was the issue raised at all."
Errington 1994, p. 4:Errington, Malcolm (1994). A History of Macedonia. Barnes Noble.
That is quite an incredible training regimen, infact I wish we as a modern people would also teach morals like bravery , humility, commitment and respect to our current youths, there is a lot we can learn from the ancients and in many ways their societies were much better than what we have today.
They had telos. We have survival. Aristotle would have taught the boys to live for a 'chief good' that's an end in itself. We are taught to chase wealth.
@@kurremkarmerruk8718 Truly, a shame and due to this focus on greed above most all else in our societies- it is leading to some of the worst exploitation and lack of purpose in human history...
Ahhhh... If only our academia wasn't founded for the purpose of creating obedient worker drones. Society as a whole would be much better if instead of the current method of teaching we instead used critical thinking, philosophy and the exploration of what it means to be human... To teach the joy of learning and to understand one's own nature and the nature of the world around us...
Instead of simplistic, dull and eventually meaningless/pointless regimen of learning where we are forced to study under a strict set guidelines of a topic which is usually boiled down to remembering singular answers to pass memory tests.
@@WelcomeToDERPLANDThe wars of history have ended, and the merchants won.
What was once a constant struggle culminating in many junctures of satisfaction and personal growth is now tepid ease and dissociation. All our practical external problems like hunger and safety are guaranteed solved at the expense of the most spiritually and mentally sick century in history.
The worst part is many people have been deluded into thinking superficial comforts and indulgence are preferable to satisfaction and reaching personal potential. They'll insist we live in the best time in history because the CEOs and the state that own them as cogs told them to think that way... but the sheer scale of antidepressant/anti-anxiety use, drug and alcohol addiction, suicide, and hysteria says otherwise.
Sorry but the World Wars ended any possibility of that and gave western civilization ptsd. Also we are ruled by the merchant class not the warrior class so the values that are favored are applied accordingly.
@@TaRAAASHBAGSIndeed, but most people don't want to say or even hear, who these merchants are.
The Thessalians also had a cavalry based military.
Are privates in today's greek army still called hoplites?
@@oddish2253 Yes they are.
@@oddish2253
The very word "Hoplon" from which the name Hoplite roots from means "Weapon" in Hellenic.
So yeah, anyone who carries a weapon can be called Hoplite, since its essential and most direct meaning is basically translated to "Weaponbearer" .
@@something4179 I understood it means something like 'tool' or 'equipment.' So a stone mason would have their hoplon. Even something like a ship would have hoplon, with all its rigging. But yeah, in a military context, that word would be referring to weapons.
@@something4179Echoing "gladiator" as a bearer of a gladius, or sword in Latin.
This was really good! I could listen to all these new little details that I havent heard before for hours, thank you for making this and sharing it with us all!
phalanx vs legion battles, the roman legions never penetrate the phalanx in a frontal assault, actually some battles the phalanx actually hold off the legion and pushed it back until it got outflanked by the romans, thats why historians say the macedonian phalanx with proper flank protection is invincible.
Thank you brother! Your channel is the best!
The video I've been waiting for a while on UA-cam. Thank you so much! So much advanced policies and training.
Great vid. Very interesting to see aspects of warfare not often seen in UA-cam videos.
Also Macedonians fostering that feeling of companionship to improve their military performance is a 5head move. You won't see many armies encouraging companionship between a rider and his horse.
Excellent work here Sir and your Team
This video is so unique in the genre of history UA-cam !
Amazing video ! This is the first time I have heard things broken down to such an extent - especially how Alexander and the nobles grew up ! Their lives sounded truly noble. It may have been birth and not true merit or talent that set them apart in the beginning, but it was apparently strict regimented living, training, etc that made them noble of spirit !
Outstanding Presentation! Thank you for making and sharing this.
I am also commenting to help your channel with the algorithm.
I love this kind of video, especially the Spartan one. So much information, nice pace, and well-edited.
Greetings from Brazil.
Thank you very much!
One man held the empire together. Glorious.
I think what made Alexander so special was the fact he wasn’t a bloody ruler like the Romans or other kings. He used sat traps and was liked by the people he conquered
This is really interesting, you always see this about rome's army but never Alexander's. Thank you for this
I have long thought about just how hard these soldiers had to be to march from Greece to India, fighting everyone along the way, never losing, with minimal creature comforts... I bet any ordinary infantryman who made it to India in one piece would be tougher than any Special Forces soldier alive today.
Big Time Facts!!!! 💯
300 BC all on Foot & Horse, with no modern Luxuries, not even Stirrups for their Horses! Fighting dozens of Battles & Sieges with Spear, Sword, & Shield!!! Those Dudes were ELITE. Especially the Silver Shields: Argiroaspides !!! ✊🏻
Amazing audio visual analysis!!!
Impeccable content as usual.
Thank you for making this
Fantastic. Learning the culture of ancient empires is fascinating.
Thxx for the video man
the Greeks were Amazing "Liberty and Equality are not associates but rather in complete opposition" ~Solon In todays world our leaders spout liberty and equality all the time while nothing ever gets done if we only learned from the Greeks we would know that what they claim to want is actually impossible to achieve.
This channel is just like a Messiah to me
What a brilliant and organized video!
New Alexander the Great content on UA-cam? Ok I’ll watch and see if they say something I don’t already know or have heard 10000 times before 🙏🏻🤣
Humility Respect Commitment
Your video was very educational and fascinating and also extremely motavitive; it didnt bore me the slightest so thank you for historic video. Please do a video about the Rashidun empire.
Thank you.
Very Good Job. Thank You.
Could you do a similar video on Samurai?
Awesome video
I would like to see how the gallic military was organized, structured and equipped. I know there aren't maybe alot of sources. But there has to be alot to say about the gauls. I love playing them in RTW btw. They were far more civilized than other celtic tribes. Livy tells us that the celts f.e. at Cannae fought naked "from the Navel up". With a long blunt tipped sword.
Read Caesar's Conquest of Gaul to get a sense of how they fought. Though Caesar wrote it its still considered accurate to this day.
Cannae is probably the most amazing victory, without the direct help of God involved, that I have ever known.
@@josephkelly6681 I did. And i still would like to see a video about it. You mean that the fact that i can "look it up" means that there's no reason for an in depth video? And there are more sources than ceasars account. (Which i think is mostly true, because....why would he lie about minor things, and what would he get from changing small facts?).
@@josephkelly6681 read how Alexander conquered Tyre, a heavily fortified sea city far from the coast
could you do a video of gothic, or ostrogothic/visigothic training and equipment?
Pretty sure the quote of Alexandros saying that his father Philippos wouldn't "leave him anything" referred to leaving him anything else to conquer. It was pronounced after one of Philippos' many campaings, in a sort of half joking, half complaining way, since from a young age Alex saw it as his duty to surpass him.
Yes, to my knowledge you are correct.
Robert Fabbri started a series about Alexander (as novels, not as strict historical books) and he gave this famous line of Alexander in the same context as you did.
Leaving nothing in the meaning of being afraid there would be nothing left to conquer.
And this seems to be way more in line with Alexanders character. Alexander was interested in conquest and glory - material goods where obviously necessary for achieving fame, glory and conquest. But he wanted glory, not plunder.
@@wedgeantilles8575 The eloquent Peter Green shares the same idea Fabbri has, and Green wrote the most comprehensive biography of Alexander.
Subscribed!
By concentrating on the cavalry, you ignore the most important of Philip's innovations. This was Combined Arms; using the cavalry & infantry TOGETHER as hammer & tongs. Not until much later was this re-discovered. The Romans, and even the Greeks after Alexander, never got the knack.
Also, the Macedonian phalanx with long Sarissas, could have been more unwieldy than the Greek phalanx with shorter spears. But Philip drilled his infantry to such a degree that his formations were more adaptive than any other infantry until the Roman legions turned up.
Conditioning, conditioning, conditioning... and they did it to perfection.
Can you do a video on persan and a video on veneti (gauls that fought ceaser) can you do a video on there navil ships
Very Good!
You have to have good cavalry when the name of your king means "friend of horse" (Phil + ippos).
Also, Paris in Iliad is referred as "Alexander"! His humiliated defeat against the duel with Menelaos, and the fact that he fights with bow and arrow (and didn't respond to the sarcastic offer of Diomedes to come and fight in front of him like a brave soldier) I think made Alexander III to not like him, even though they had the same name (Alexander means "protector of men" in ancient greek language).
Thessalia also had good cavalry, because the Thessalian fields was rich enough to grew strong and big horses.
Incredible
New vid,lets goo
They did not build a brotherhood despite of but because of those harsh rules imposed upon them, it is a tactic used in militaries even today, and whoever has served knows that the best friendships you build are done in the military.
Awesome video, when will the sources get posted?
I posted them just now!
@@HistoriaMilitum thank you so much for the sources, i loved the video
Should do a video on the harsh training from Al's uncle Lykourgos, a very intensive tutelage. Uncle Lyk. lives up to his name's history.
This series reminds me of the shows on the History channel that I used to watch many years ago
we need alexander’s workout routine
I love this but in a divergent focused military advancing
In a plane field the Macedonian phalanx or any pike formation for that matter was unbeatable head-on, but they couldn't maneuver well and we're slow . It was by exploiting these weaknesses that the Macedonian army was beaten by the Roman. A great commander like philip the second would have make sure not to expose the weaknesses of the phalanx, but the later commanders allowed themselves to be lured into such unfavorable position
The romans won bc they had better leaders,more rss and men and were better at politics.Macedonian phalanx inflicted a lot of defeats on the romans.
I swear to god there is not a single video on the macedonian phalanx where you won't find someone in the comments talking about the legions and how they managed to exploit the gaps.
there we're the other gaps, mainly, the more nimble Roman legionary is ideal to raiding Macedonian settlements. Can't stage a pitched battle against the Romans if your economic base is torched left and right while the Macedonian phalangite, has to ditched their pikes just to fight raiding Romans who can bring their huge shield with them.
Philip's phalanx was impossible for the Roman army to deal with because it was well trained
It's just that, 200 years later, the Romans faced a phalanx of loose flattening where again with the help of the Aetolians they defeated
Pyrrhus, when he faced the Romans, had a small phalanx of infantry where the Romans attacked
The Roman general Aimilios Pavlos in the battle of Pydna had said that the most terrifying thing was to see the movement of the Macedonian phalanx
Υοu will be (but should not be) surprised to learn that in the Roman-Greek battles (not just with Macedonians but also the rest of the Greeks) the Roman legions performed each time very poorly and their victories came invariably due to the independent movements (under their own leadership) of their pro-Roman Greek allies such as the Aetolians and the Pergamians.
This training was insane, the Macedonians were really not playing around
very interesting
Imagine that goofy friend you had in highschool that was like a brother to you and fast forward 20-25 years and now he is the pharaoh of egypt.
That was a strange thought
great vid. could we ditch the music please? thanks x
I thought this was going to be some work out training routine for some reason
The most fascinating military general of all time, my opinion!
Alexander was worried his dad would conquer everything and there would be nothing left to conquer
Hey can you do a video about legion 5
Crazy how such a small nation conquered so much.
One of the greatest militarily campaigns of A King & his army/ mobile court in history! Unfortunately his men were simply wore out after the Battle in India.
Great times to be a man!
This is marvelous!
amazing
I think there is some kind of curse of a great army.
At first, the army is so strong and effective, yet it is efficient meaning that it does not take much to build and maintain an army.
As the time passes, great army become prestigious and is now more expensive to build and maintain and they are now burden of state.
What's the source for their physical training? I'd like to read.
The sources were just posted in the description :)
@@HistoriaMilitum Thank you for your creative work!
great video, but the example of Cleitus in the middle of the story, afraid, don't qualify. Cleitus was good 20 years older than Alexander, and in no way he could be thought of as his "childhood buddy". the true reasons of the guards being passive during the fatal quarrel in Marakanda were different.
Please do of spartan next
The training of the Spartans was already made :)
dziękuję
The now famous title “the great” is actually derived from the original translation “Alexander with great hair” as you can easily see in the thumbnail.
What you're saying is that when macedonians read about Achiles they tought "I'm literally him"?
Hi, how about the training of the frankish soldiers of king Clovis, father of France. Thank you in advance
ALEXANDER the Great's speech before the battle of Issus: "...We Macedonians are to fight Medes and Persians, nations long steeped in luxury, while we have long been hardened by warlike toils and dangers; and above it will be a fight among free men and slaves. And so far as GREEK will meet GREEK, WE shall not be fighting for like causes; those mercenaries with Dareius will risk their lives for pay, and poor pay too; WE on the contrary shall fight for GREECE and our hearts will be in it."
"As for our FOREIGN troops - Thracians, Paeonians, Illyrians, Agrianes - they are the best and stoutest soldiers in Europe, and they will find as their opponents the slackest and softest of the tribes of Asia."
Arrian, "Anabasis of Alexander" Book II, Ch.7, par.4,5 Cambridge, Massachussets, Harvard University Press
Well, they did inherit Alexander's empire for sure.
Can we get videos on the military units and logistics of Ancient China, please?
I would have loved to see how Alexander would have done against the manipular legion.
Similar to what Hannibal did against it, only better, and with no trickery or armbushes. Hannibal won the flanks in every battle, giving him the oppertunity to outflank, altho his infantry were on several occassions loseing ground to the Romans. Rome's weakness was it's cavalry and lack of it. Alexander would have exploited this big time, and used flexible troops with the cavalry to ensure outflanking and crushing the flanks. Manipular Legions would have had a hard time going through Alexander's Sarrissa pikemen, supported by shieldbearers and hoplites, along with light troops. As they did not go through Pyrrhus pikemen, but rather his allied infantry troops. Alexanders army did not have any weakness, and it was the best representation of the Sarissa Pikemen, all professional troops, not like the later pikemen that Rome faced in the Macedonian wars. Pyrrhus is a good way of looking att it, he had far less resources than Alexander, his army is not as professional as Alexander's but his Epirote troops, that he takes with him from Epirus to Italy, are superior to the Romans, but he does not have enough of them, and so he is forced to relly heavily on allied italian/greek troops, who Rome has fought against before, and know's how to beat. And even tho his allied troops ran from the battles, Pyrrhus was still able to defeat Rome in 2 battles, because of his well trained Sarissa Pikemen, Superior cavalry, Elephants and his tactical abillities. Alexander would have had far more resources, over twice as many cavalry, better light troops and more of them, more pikemen and support troops, a Professional force that would be far more decisive than what Pyrrhus could be with his army, since he had to worry about the weakness of his army and plug any gaps that occured. Alexander did not have those worries and was always on the offensive leading the decisive moves that won him every battle with little casulties.
@@janmartinsen2820 that sounds quite plausible. Also, towards the tail end of his conquest of the Persian empire, Alex incorporated a lot of light cavalry horse archers that Rome seemed to struggle against, like at Carrhae. Rome would have been in the middle of the second Samnite war when Alexander would have invaded, making his job significantly easier than Pyrrhus or Hannibal’s
@@bostonteapartycrasher Yes, he could have invaded Italy before or after his epic conquests east. And i don't see Rome being able to beat him, his ability to completely crush armies decisivly, and take cities and fortresses, something that Hannibal struggled with. Alexander's stayed to his strategy of cutting the Persians off from the mediterranean, as he did not have a fleet to match theirs, his logistics were second to none. So while Hannibal marched up and down italy, Alexander would have defeated the Manipular armies and taken every city in his way to Rome, securing logistics and comunications.
That is also one of the main reason's Hannibal failed, he lost vast numbers of troops going through the alps, he would have lost far feawer fighting a battle and entered italy along the mediterrean coast, and then secured cities in the north, so when his brother came with a army to support him, it was destroyed by the Romans, as it was cut of from Hannibal. Hannibal had originally a very large army, but by the time he enters italy through the Alps, his numbers are so reduced that he has to take out Roman Legions in ambushes, as he can't risk much losses, so he needs troops from the galls, and the southern italians who he thinks are all gonna switch sides. I think Hannibal and his army were not very adebt at taking walled cities, so his strategy was to take out the Roman armies instead, but that strategy failed, and Rome recovered.
After the Persian conquest's Alexander's resources are so wast that he could have invaded with such a force that only Logistics would have limit it. Alexander understands this greatly, as he don't use more men than he needs, too large of a army is also a hindrance. And im basing this on his Indian campaign, where he could have invaded with a much larger force, but his forces were more than enough to crush Porus, and the indian's south to the sea.
@@janmartinsen2820 "he lost vast numbers of troops going through the alps, he would have lost far fewer fighting a battle and entered italy along the mediterranean coast, and then secured cities in the north"
Damn, I've never actually thought of that. He didn't plan on crossing during winter, but he was significantly delayed in getting there. He knew just how powerful the element of surprise can be (Alexander's winged soldiers at Sogdian Rock). In addition to being delayed, he was spotted by Roman outriders, ruining the surprise. What confuses me is why he decided to stick with the plan and go through the Alps anyway. Hannibal must have considered the possibility of changing course and discussed it with his officers. They obviously ended up deciding that staying the course was the best play.
Maybe traversing the coast could have opened him up to a possible pincer attack. IDK that's my best guess.
@@bostonteapartycrasher Well he did set out late, during Autumn, probably to make the Romans think he werent coming before spring, you generally did not campaign during winter. The element of surprise did not count for that much against the Romans, who could raise new Legions pretty fast, and you had to take quite a few cities before you got to Rome. What it did perhaps buy him was time to ally the Gallic tribes in Northern Italy. But he also left his siege equipment to cross the alps. Yes it's strange that he went for the alps after being spoted by the Romans, he could have attacked that force straight away, before any Legions could be shipped away to his rear. His whole gamle seems to have been to get the southern Italian cities to his side against Rome, but in doing so he is cut of from Iberia and Chartage. He also knew of Pyrrhus exploits, and the southern italian city states were the last to fall to Rome, and a few did join him if i remember right, but it was not enough. Crazy to think that this war lasted for 17 years..
bạn có thể làm video về thức ăn của những người lính HY LẠP thời cổ đại không?😊😊😊😊
Sounds like a nearly perfect society. The values sound like Falange in Spain or even Fasci. ❤
Got a question here there long spears being used in battle say that the army fighting them got passed those how do they defend them selves i know they have a short sword
We need bzyantine ,Persian and Mongol army version of this
What a privilege it must have been to live in an era where masculinity and virture were encouraged over victimhood currency and celebrity narcissism.
Only after WWII this was really abandoned, by the people who won the war.
@@redsimonDENah the nihilism set in after WW1 because being brave enough to run into machine gun fire is admirable but a bad idea. The dreams were crushed and new ideologies set in. Modern day morality is from the 60’s though but could have evolved into a very different thing
@@badart3204 Modern day morality was developed and spread by the Bolsheviks already in the 19th century. Their side won WWII and crushed the last powerful opposition, which is why the world is in the state it is today.
.. umm , you mean 🤔🤔. rampaging murder , invasion m rape and slavery of conquered , and any who couldn’t protect themselves.. that’s not .. MASCULINITY..
@@badart3204 You think people were running into machine gun fire? Lol. I could understand a suicide Banzai charge, but... :D Which dreams were crushed? That's why I always warn people to not to watch WW1 "anti-war" movies, because they paint a very unrealistic picture. People in those time knew what they were fighting for. Axis powers fought for the survival of their own nations, and Allied powers fought for greed because they couldn't allow Germany to prosper especially. It was always France's goal to see a disunified Germany, divided into barronies and kingdoms, without any unification. And England feared that they were slowly losing to German commerce which was cheaper and had better quality. Modern day morality started from late 19th century, thrived and prospered after WW1, which Germany became the sin capital of Europe, and after a short rest, it came back after WW2. First nudity included movies started to publish for the rest of world, in the name of "education".
UA-cam really needs to get its copyright striking issues under control. I put this in my "watch later" and then it was gone by the time it was later.
The video isn’t under a copyright strike, so that’s strange..
One Detail. Without stirrups ( not yet invented) and on poor saddles, the efficiency of cavaly compared to footsoldiers, was rather limited. That is why the Romans abandoned cavalry altogether and left the task to auxiliaries
Before Alexander there was Philip II of Macedon.
Basically well educated Spartans
Basically "Spartan Agoge" but to a greater extend that even includes Cavalry training and tradition, "Macedonian Edition".
Originated by Philip, tutored by Theban Nobility/Strategists (Pelopidas/Epaminondas) that themselves were inspired by Thessalian mixed unit tactics and innovative strategems, in a world and era where head to head clashes of hoplites where pure superior prowess was key to victory, ironically like a fair and friendly sport.
No wonder why Spartans viewed Athenians as soft and cowardly by utilising more Skirmishing than head to head clashes to the last man standing like a brute.
3:14 it's not slingshots, it's slings
Philip the second of macedon was ten times the ruler,administrator and strategist his son,alexander ever was.
Imagine, Philip II conquering the west and Alexander on the east.
@@aurelian2668why would you imagine that? It was Philips plan to take over the Persians
Thanks for making this very insightful video. I will definitely take on board the training regiments and try to apply it to my life. This is the type of training that young men need, especially in this time of crisis of masculinity and radical feminism going apeshit in Western societies.
Zeus be with you!
"Historical accuracy" in World of Tanks?! You also mean those Sci -Fi tanks they introduced lately? #paytowin
Totally get why I was taught so very young to be a hunter and horse rider.. ❤
I imagine most of Alexander's training involved kegels and gritting his teeth...
This is why professional armies are better than conscripts.