Correction: the intro was originally suppose to show trilobites and ancient fish (and one not hunting the other), but I completely forgot that ammonites wouldn’t evolve until the Devonian period.
Had that Asteroid entered Earth's Roche limit more than 400 million years before 467 million years ago, it would have coincided with the last period of the time when Earth had possibly purple-colored Oceans. If that happened, Earth would have resembled a child's drawing of a ringed planet with a purple-colored surface
An interesting explanation of the very high incidence of meteor strikes in part of the Ordovician. For those of you thinking this is being sold as unquestionable fact, you don't understand how science works. It's a hypothesis consistent with facts (location and age of the meteor impacts). It's not something "true", it's a credible hypothesis explaining what could have caused the pattern of the impacts.
Yes indeed , it's making a picture of a puzzle of which most pieces are missing as almost all science of the past Still , it's a good theory fitting neatly with uncontroversial facts
The more I look into it the more certain I am preservation/observation bias is the case. Especially the lack of truly comprehensive geological study. What stands out to me as well as the palaeographic reconstruction is that the craters are primarily found in North America & Northern Europe, which not only have some of the best exposure (which is what could lead to preservation bias) but also very well-established geological surveying & literature. India and eastern Russia also have good exposure but the published literature on them especially outside of their respective countries is lacking, and detailed study of solid geology is more recent. Australia is a funny case, we are reasonably well explored due to strong economic interest in mining, yet geochronology is lacking in many places due to it being expensive and less relevant to economic exploration than raw geology. Mines don't care about how old the ore is, they only care about the ore being there. Probably why all our craters are much more dubious in age. The maps for Africa and South America, together by far the largest extent of Ordovician rocks yet considered, drive this home. The only region I know of in either case to be truly, extensively studied is the area around the Congo. The mining activity means it is very well covered, and what do you know, that just so happens to be where the single potentially relevant impact is found. But to give you an idea of the kinda data paucity we're dealing with here, the reason this crater isn't included in the analysis is because its age is only constrained as "between 0 and 573 Ma", near meaningless. So we have a situation where some of the best exposed and most studied Ordovician rocks happen to have been at low latitudes, and the theory of a ring rests squarely on the assumption that despite this, the sample is representative of the entire globe at that time. I have no doubt their analysis of the available data is sound, though I remain entirely unconvinced that said data is nearly complete enough to draw such conclusions. Not to mention the issues with the craters themselves, and what it suggests about the ring and the body that produced it. A 54 km diameter crater, the largest in the study (but they're all several km across) would require a 480 meter-diameter vertical impactor moving at orbital velocity, and this is assuming a steep angle of incidence. For reference, entire near Earth asteroids get classified as potentially hazardous asteroids if they exceed ~150 m across. The initial body which broke up to form a ring capable of dropping multiple hundred-m sized bolides would have been enormous. De-orbiting debris would be shallow and slow, in order to produce the larger craters you'd need some impressively large chunks. On top of that, the material captured into orbit would be only a small fraction of the original body, because most of it would have simply sailed on out of the Earth's SOI as in most flybys. There are more exotic scenarios such as an interaction with the moon or a binary pair leading to capture and eventual disruption of the entire body, but at this point we're just stacking unlikely assumptions.
Who is regarding it as unquestionable fact? An hypothesis is the furthest thing you can get from an empirically established objective fact, (apart from a wholesale fantastical fabrication).
Cause it doesn't and probably never had, this is a wild theory based on very limited data. The ordovicium meteor strikes more probably were something like the Shoemaker-Levy-9 fragments hitting Jupiter or the Younger-Dryas-Impacts. Postulating a ring system lasting for millions of years is a giant leap and there would need to be a lot more research done before that can be accepted as probable.
What a really fascinating video! While it would be very cool looking to have a current day planetary ring system, the reality of having one with frequent meteors dropping down on our planet from the rings would be absolutely terrible! Thanks for this really fascinating video!!
@deanlawson6880 According to geologists, we actually do still have a ring. However, it is made up of dust too small to see. We also have human-made rings at various distances from the planet, consisting of satellites, the ISS, and debris from various space programs. Seems humanity needs to learn to clean up after itself! Of course, humanity has gained a lot of benefits from various satellites, the creation of unique materials from the space programs, etc.
I wonder if that distribution could have also occurred due to some bias in fossilization conditions. Like, perhaps the tropics were better for fossilizing meteorites due to slight changes in ocean chemistry or sedimentation patterns, or better yet perhaps the ice in polar regions at the time prevented fossilization of meteorites and prevented large craters from forming (and/or erased what was there through heavy erosion). I feel like the simpler answer of ice preventing preservation is far more likely than a ring, though its definitely a fun thought.
historical geology is probably my favorite. Living in Cincinnati we have tons of ordovician and devonian all over around here. I love seeing what was going on in the world at the time and how the plates were configured
I had no idea there were ancient strikes on earth outside the late heavy bombardment, and my understanding is there’s not much evidence of that left due to weathering. This is fascinating.
Earth is being hit daily and has been hit throughout all of its existence. Also the theory says that the number and severity of meteor strikes reduce over time. So nothing about meteor strikes 500 million years ago should surprise you.
Joe Scott released a video about 10 months ago talking about what it the earth had a ring system. It was pretty informative and had some really good graphics.
Back then, the farallon plate was still subducting under that area which created that volcanic arc. I heard those ancient volcanoes used to be as active as current day Indonesia. Then the farallon plate completely subducted underneath and took the fuel for those volcanoes with it.
Really interesting video. I had no idea about the Roche limit. Is it the gravitational tidal forces that are more significant at that altitude? Two points: - when you were talking about temperatures, the scale on the graphic was for deviation from an average, not an absolute scale which made the narration appear to not coincide with the display; - discussing CO2 ppm you used forty five hundred then said four thousand. Might have been clearer if it was four thousand five hundred and four thousand. But those are nit picky. Still an excellent video. Thank you!
How about an explanation of what is going on tectonically between the tip of South America and the Antarctic peninsular. The South Sandwich Islands seems like a pretty interesting place geologically.
This video was great. I really enjoy the astronomically related topics. Could you please cover beginning of the most recent ice age 200,000 years ago? I'm especially interested in what caused the ice caps to form. Thank you!
I would be interested in some discussion on the specific mechanisms of how sinking crust on a plate boundary produces melting and magmatism. You frequently talk about this being the cause of volcanoes, but not about how it actually occurs.
Please make a video about the Frank Church wilderness area in Idaho and the Sawtooth mountains. I saw a lot of very interesting rock layers there while on a family backpacking trip. Thanks for all the great content. Always happy when I see a new video posted!
Awesomely interesting theory! Timing of events is uncanny. Well done & thanks for doing the math! REQUEST- Imact Crater: "Gow Crater or Gow Lake" in Northern Saskatchewan, Canada. It even has an upheaval island known as "Calder Island". Crater is Approximately 5-6 Km across. You will do this justice for sure! Much gratitude & appreciation for all of You quality effort & world geologic updates. Cheers!
PLEASE COVER THIS TOPIC: How can geologists determine the speed, mass and angle of a meteorite impact? Intuitively, I would expect that only the total energy of the impact can be determined from the crater. It's always been a mystery to me how they get the other data.
One of the ways they can determine the direction, mass & composition of a meteorite is by looking for a 'strewn field'... as a meteor (or any object for that matter) enters Earth's atmosphere it becomes super-heated, and it starts to break apart into smaller & smaller meteorites which then follow their own trajectories as they are slowed down. If/when these smaller meteorites reach the ground they form a sort of 'breadcrumb trail', and by examining the size, composition & distribution of the pieces they can make general calculations about the original object's direction of travel, the steepness of entry trajectory, the part of the solar system it originated from, etc. If you have a relatively fresh strewn field you can even estimate the stats for a meteorite that breaks apart completely in-flight & doesn't leave an impact crater. There's also been huge leaps in our knowledge with the need to track & understand near-Earth objects (NEOs), thanks to the trillions of dollars of satellite infrastructure (and manned space stations!) orbiting the planet... and the more we learn, the more we refine the models for those calculations you're wondering about. If you're interested in a less-technical look at meteorite science while you're waiting for Geology Hub to do a video, I highly recommend a show called _'Meteorite Men'_ - the episodes are available on UA-cam, and it basically follows a pair of 'meteorite hunters' as they travel the world looking for space rocks. They are great at explaining & demonstrating the science (and business!) behind their hunting techniques, and they visit a whole range of fall sites - from million-year old craters to chasing a meteorite that fell the night before. It's a great light-hearted introduction to the fundamentals & really fascinating. 👍
@@medea27 Thanks! That's an interesting explanation. I didn't expect any strewn field can be found after millions of years. Especially in case of chondrites, which are considered to be prevalent type of meteorites. About Meteorite Men - I just watched the first episode but I don't like it much. It takes 45 minutes but everything important could be said in 5-10 minutes.
Actually, it was 468 million years ago. My grandfather said so. By the way, surely things like large asteroids fall to Earth due to gravity, rather than “disintegrate”? It’s the little ones that don’t survive the trip.
Appreciate your content a lot, also, would you feel the want to do a video on the earthquakes in Malibu, CA? There've been a lot of 3.0+ in the last couple weeks and idk if you had anything to say about them. Or if there's any resources that you would recommend so I can research myself, I would appreciate it :)
I still like the theory that Earth in its proto-stage collided with another body that exited as the Moon, and debris was orbiting as a ring which between them, eventually disappeared into both bodies, with geology, vulcanism and tectonics at work and erasing most to time, heat and pressure. And hypothesize , most of water was from comets or gases condensate (h2o).
Another excellent video. Thanks. I have a suggestion for a video, how did the Ogwen Valley form in the Snowdonia national park in north wales, Britain form?
How do the authors address all of the papers attributing the late Ordovician mass extinction to volcanism? I ask because of the extensive Ordovician metabentonites that exist in Kentucky where I live.
I think they just did a video on the moon formation in the past week or two. - yep. I just check. They did one eleven days before this video so approx September 10th.
Actually, it's a hypothesis. Theories are an attempt to explain a known fact. While it's a known fact that these fossil meteorites exist and temps and other climate data are fact, the ring system is not.
Theories are not an 'attempt to explain' something in science; hypotheses are an attempt to explain observed data. Theories or Laws are the very small number of hypotheses that have been extensively tested and are universally supported - with all alternate hypotheses rejected by experimental data - that have become generally accepted as likely to be true as far as we can tell at present. Theory of Gravity, Germ Theory, etc. are examples. A "theory" in science is very specific thing and the term has almost the opposite of the word's casual meaning in most other contexts.
And speculation is an essential part of the scientific method. 200 years ago, a lot of what we now know was mere speculation because we didn't have the methodology or means of proving the truth of those speculations. It wasn't all that long ago that many believed the sun went around the earth instead of the other way around!
Not that speculative. We’ve known for awhile that a large number of impacts during that period took place on land that was near or at the equator. It’s almost impossible to explain that discrepancy with random meteorite impacts, but if the source was a ring system in orbit around the earth, it explains the clustering of impacts on continents that were situated along the equator at the time perfectly.
Earth was a rogue planet for its first 5 mass extinctions from prior locations. FIVE other earlier (super)novas and loss of solar systems, flung the Earth out of its prior solar residency. The mass extinctions were caused by the rogue planet shooting through the cold expanses of deep space. Whether there was the upper heavens (stratosphere-troposphere of a watery boundary protecting the warmer Earth from the coldness of deep space remains to be solved. Any such comments about events of 465 Million years ago, the Earth was located far more inside the galactic arm and closer to the galactic core. We are almost at the end of the whole galactic arm, and with the loss of our Sun, we could be thrown out of this galactic arm, go rogue and wander until we are taken up by another galactic arm. Any such concept of Earth having a ring system would be in the early days of the Earth's accretionary theory, governed by electro-gravitic principles. Electro-gravitics is the only valid source of cosmic orogenies of stars, planets, and moons. Electro-statics, such as exists in cosmic "nurseries" of gas and dust clouds can only accrete up to 1 meter in volume - no bigger. Thus, these dust and gas clouds will never accrete into higher astronomical objects - unless an exterior electro-gravitic object, forces, fields, or gravity waves interrupting this stasis, and starts an accretionary process in that region. Thus, these gas and dust clouds could be as old or older than the Earth and its formation 465 million years ago. Earth and all of its other planets and moons of the cosmos, including second (and later) generations of stars from the time of the Big Manifestation, were from the first generation of super-stars, undergoing (super)novas and shattering their stellar engines and their superconductive, super-dense stellar cores (not gas, supersolid cores). Those star core fragmetns are what kick started the second generation of accretionary cycles of stars, planets, and moons. Further and further (super)novas created successive lesser and lesser generations of stars, planets, and moons from the explosive debris and surrounding cosmic dust and gas clouds in the region. Thus, Earth's core is not an atomic core of iron and nickel, but the very source of a star core supersolid fragment, that then accreted cosmic debris onto that core creating its various levels of the asthenosphere and magma, eventually cooling down the surface into the lithosphere of ~15-30 miles in depth. Anything of any ring cycle around the planet, would only be in its earliest of pre-lithosphere period. The Moon did not accrete FROM the Earth. The Moon was also a rogue object that was captured by the solar system and Earth. Its accretionary cycle and life story are completely separate from Earth's history. Any such ring debris around the planet would have eventually been accreted, or blown off and away by its solar parent on the solar wind. Most-especially after a stellar (super)nova, and Earth was blown away in a tangental direction, and any space debris around the Earth would have been scattered to the stars. Such concepts of having this solar system develop here in totality is sheer bunkum. The Sun was its own development, as well as the other associated Jupiter and Saturn systems of failed stellar evolution. They eventually came together, and with other sweeping up of the cosmos and surrounding areas, with other rogue planets as well, our current solar system is a hodge podge of original and immigrant rogue planets therein.
It's in the middle of a large plate, so no plate margin related volcanism, and has no hot spots at present, so no hot spot volcanism. It had both, long ago.
Correction: the intro was originally suppose to show trilobites and ancient fish (and one not hunting the other), but I completely forgot that ammonites wouldn’t evolve until the Devonian period.
Had that Asteroid entered Earth's Roche limit more than 400 million years before 467 million years ago, it would have coincided with the last period of the time when Earth had possibly purple-colored Oceans. If that happened, Earth would have resembled a child's drawing of a ringed planet with a purple-colored surface
off topic but how do scientists determine the colors of ancient oceans?
An interesting explanation of the very high incidence of meteor strikes in part of the Ordovician. For those of you thinking this is being sold as unquestionable fact, you don't understand how science works. It's a hypothesis consistent with facts (location and age of the meteor impacts). It's not something "true", it's a credible hypothesis explaining what could have caused the pattern of the impacts.
@@b.a.erlebacher1139 THANK YOU. A sane voice!
Yes indeed , it's making a picture of a puzzle of which most pieces are missing as almost all science of the past
Still , it's a good theory fitting neatly with uncontroversial facts
The more I look into it the more certain I am preservation/observation bias is the case. Especially the lack of truly comprehensive geological study.
What stands out to me as well as the palaeographic reconstruction is that the craters are primarily found in North America & Northern Europe, which not only have some of the best exposure (which is what could lead to preservation bias) but also very well-established geological surveying & literature. India and eastern Russia also have good exposure but the published literature on them especially outside of their respective countries is lacking, and detailed study of solid geology is more recent. Australia is a funny case, we are reasonably well explored due to strong economic interest in mining, yet geochronology is lacking in many places due to it being expensive and less relevant to economic exploration than raw geology. Mines don't care about how old the ore is, they only care about the ore being there. Probably why all our craters are much more dubious in age. The maps for Africa and South America, together by far the largest extent of Ordovician rocks yet considered, drive this home. The only region I know of in either case to be truly, extensively studied is the area around the Congo. The mining activity means it is very well covered, and what do you know, that just so happens to be where the single potentially relevant impact is found. But to give you an idea of the kinda data paucity we're dealing with here, the reason this crater isn't included in the analysis is because its age is only constrained as "between 0 and 573 Ma", near meaningless.
So we have a situation where some of the best exposed and most studied Ordovician rocks happen to have been at low latitudes, and the theory of a ring rests squarely on the assumption that despite this, the sample is representative of the entire globe at that time. I have no doubt their analysis of the available data is sound, though I remain entirely unconvinced that said data is nearly complete enough to draw such conclusions.
Not to mention the issues with the craters themselves, and what it suggests about the ring and the body that produced it. A 54 km diameter crater, the largest in the study (but they're all several km across) would require a 480 meter-diameter vertical impactor moving at orbital velocity, and this is assuming a steep angle of incidence. For reference, entire near Earth asteroids get classified as potentially hazardous asteroids if they exceed ~150 m across. The initial body which broke up to form a ring capable of dropping multiple hundred-m sized bolides would have been enormous. De-orbiting debris would be shallow and slow, in order to produce the larger craters you'd need some impressively large chunks. On top of that, the material captured into orbit would be only a small fraction of the original body, because most of it would have simply sailed on out of the Earth's SOI as in most flybys. There are more exotic scenarios such as an interaction with the moon or a binary pair leading to capture and eventual disruption of the entire body, but at this point we're just stacking unlikely assumptions.
@@xiphosura413 its age is only constrained as "between 0 and 573 Ma"....That's as good as "not a clue"
Who is regarding it as unquestionable fact? An hypothesis is the furthest thing you can get from an empirically established objective fact, (apart from a wholesale fantastical fabrication).
Tim, that is the first time that I have ever heard about the Earth having rings. Thank you.
It still has rings. They are dust rings. They arent often talked about but they do exist.
Yeah, same here! I never knew!
@@alanbiancardi2531 Perhaps the use of "possible rings" would be a better statement.
@@dralord1307 Zodiacal lights? "Gegenschein"?
Cause it doesn't and probably never had, this is a wild theory based on very limited data.
The ordovicium meteor strikes more probably were something like the Shoemaker-Levy-9 fragments hitting Jupiter or the Younger-Dryas-Impacts.
Postulating a ring system lasting for millions of years is a giant leap and there would need to be a lot more research done before that can be accepted as probable.
I've never contemplated the possibility of earth having a ring system. Fascinating video, thank you!
Really enjoyed this video! It's good to have a break in volcanic news so we can get these "evergreen" type videos.
btw, "evergreen" means a video that is not time or event specific so it is always fresh, no matter when it is released.
What a really fascinating video! While it would be very cool looking to have a current day planetary ring system, the reality of having one with frequent meteors dropping down on our planet from the rings would be absolutely terrible!
Thanks for this really fascinating video!!
@deanlawson6880 According to geologists, we actually do still have a ring. However, it is made up of dust too small to see. We also have human-made rings at various distances from the planet, consisting of satellites, the ISS, and debris from various space programs. Seems humanity needs to learn to clean up after itself! Of course, humanity has gained a lot of benefits from various satellites, the creation of unique materials from the space programs, etc.
This was especially interesting! Thank you! I’d like to hear more about the specific geologic periods. 😃👍
I wonder if that distribution could have also occurred due to some bias in fossilization conditions. Like, perhaps the tropics were better for fossilizing meteorites due to slight changes in ocean chemistry or sedimentation patterns, or better yet perhaps the ice in polar regions at the time prevented fossilization of meteorites and prevented large craters from forming (and/or erased what was there through heavy erosion). I feel like the simpler answer of ice preventing preservation is far more likely than a ring, though its definitely a fun thought.
Earth went through thousands of different stages, you could probably do a video "How Earth was a fist-sized rock in the beginning!"
Thanks as always, Geology Hub!
That was fascinating.
this was indeed a fascinating video, thank you so much!
historical geology is probably my favorite. Living in Cincinnati we have tons of ordovician and devonian all over around here. I love seeing what was going on in the world at the time and how the plates were configured
Thanks! WOW! This was a most interesting presentation. A ring around earth. Who’d’ve thunk it?
Cool stuff. Can you do video on artic subduction zones and why there seems to be a less than amount of subduction zones near the poles? Thanks
Seconded
@@Joe-j5j1u I'm sure it has something to do with the Earths axial spin and the barycenter of the earth moon common point of orbit.
This is amazing! Thank you for sharing the sources/citations. It is a great mind exercise. 🙂
I had no idea there were ancient strikes on earth outside the late heavy bombardment, and my understanding is there’s not much evidence of that left due to weathering.
This is fascinating.
Earth is being hit daily and has been hit throughout all of its existence.
Also the theory says that the number and severity of meteor strikes reduce over time.
So nothing about meteor strikes 500 million years ago should surprise you.
Joe Scott released a video about 10 months ago talking about what it the earth had a ring system. It was pretty informative and had some really good graphics.
Awesome video, this is really nice :D
That was very interesting. Thank you for covering this.
I like the theory! I wonder how more evidence could be gathered for or against it
Fascinating! More please!
you have some interesting theory Tim bravo. 👏👏👏
An explanation of the extinct volcano system in Big Bend National Park Texas would be interesting.
Back then, the farallon plate was still subducting under that area which created that volcanic arc. I heard those ancient volcanoes used to be as active as current day Indonesia. Then the farallon plate completely subducted underneath and took the fuel for those volcanoes with it.
Your knowledge is just amazing on geology, You have become my Encyclopedia Britannica on the issue..... Thank you for this channel.
Really interesting video. I had no idea about the Roche limit. Is it the gravitational tidal forces that are more significant at that altitude?
Two points:
- when you were talking about temperatures, the scale on the graphic was for deviation from an average, not an absolute scale which made the narration appear to not coincide with the display;
- discussing CO2 ppm you used forty five hundred then said four thousand. Might have been clearer if it was four thousand five hundred and four thousand.
But those are nit picky. Still an excellent video. Thank you!
Very interesting video. Maybe you can do more videos covering recent scientific papers?
Thank you for this video! ❤️
Very interesting and well presented
I really liked this episode.
How about an explanation of what is going on tectonically between the tip of South America and the Antarctic peninsular.
The South Sandwich Islands seems like a pretty interesting place geologically.
This video was great. I really enjoy the astronomically related topics. Could you please cover beginning of the most recent ice age 200,000 years ago? I'm especially interested in what caused the ice caps to form. Thank you!
I found today's video especially interesting.
Thanks for all the hard work on these videos!
Very informative and very glad you took on the complex math and not me.
Can you explain what happens to Pele's hair over time? What is the oldest sample found? Love your show!
If you have not, please cover the failed rift of Laurentia, still visible at the Great Lakes, et cetera.
Along with the New Madrid fault, which I believe is related?
Super cool topic. Thanks for the info and appreciate everything you do!
I would like to learn about cratons in on this channel please. 🙂
I never thought I would hear (or see) someone running out of Earth-Ring footage!
Thankyou, this was so intersting! Great work!
very interesting vid. thank you for sharing
It would’ve been so beautiful if they were still here. Also, it seems planets go through cycles of ring formation.
I found this video very interesting also I would love to know more about Volcanoes of the UK if that’s something you could talk about
He did a video on Glen Coe a couple years ago.
I would be interested in some discussion on the specific mechanisms of how sinking crust on a plate boundary produces melting and magmatism. You frequently talk about this being the cause of volcanoes, but not about how it actually occurs.
It's a good thing we don't have a ring system now. That might create some problems for our satellites.
@@peterway7867 Our satellites ARE a ring system, just not a naturally formed ring.
Please make a video about the Frank Church wilderness area in Idaho and the Sawtooth mountains. I saw a lot of very interesting rock layers there while on a family backpacking trip. Thanks for all the great content. Always happy when I see a new video posted!
Great video!
Thank you. Great work.
Great Video!!!
I still have my doubts but its a very interesting hypothesis.
Awesomely interesting theory! Timing of events is uncanny. Well done & thanks for doing the math!
REQUEST- Imact Crater: "Gow Crater or Gow Lake" in Northern Saskatchewan, Canada. It even has an upheaval island known as "Calder Island". Crater is Approximately 5-6 Km across.
You will do this justice for sure! Much gratitude & appreciation for all of You quality effort & world geologic updates. Cheers!
PLEASE COVER THIS TOPIC: How can geologists determine the speed, mass and angle of a meteorite impact? Intuitively, I would expect that only the total energy of the impact can be determined from the crater. It's always been a mystery to me how they get the other data.
One of the ways they can determine the direction, mass & composition of a meteorite is by looking for a 'strewn field'... as a meteor (or any object for that matter) enters Earth's atmosphere it becomes super-heated, and it starts to break apart into smaller & smaller meteorites which then follow their own trajectories as they are slowed down.
If/when these smaller meteorites reach the ground they form a sort of 'breadcrumb trail', and by examining the size, composition & distribution of the pieces they can make general calculations about the original object's direction of travel, the steepness of entry trajectory, the part of the solar system it originated from, etc.
If you have a relatively fresh strewn field you can even estimate the stats for a meteorite that breaks apart completely in-flight & doesn't leave an impact crater.
There's also been huge leaps in our knowledge with the need to track & understand near-Earth objects (NEOs), thanks to the trillions of dollars of satellite infrastructure (and manned space stations!) orbiting the planet... and the more we learn, the more we refine the models for those calculations you're wondering about.
If you're interested in a less-technical look at meteorite science while you're waiting for Geology Hub to do a video, I highly recommend a show called _'Meteorite Men'_ - the episodes are available on UA-cam, and it basically follows a pair of 'meteorite hunters' as they travel the world looking for space rocks.
They are great at explaining & demonstrating the science (and business!) behind their hunting techniques, and they visit a whole range of fall sites - from million-year old craters to chasing a meteorite that fell the night before. It's a great light-hearted introduction to the fundamentals & really fascinating. 👍
@@medea27 Thanks! That's an interesting explanation. I didn't expect any strewn field can be found after millions of years. Especially in case of chondrites, which are considered to be prevalent type of meteorites.
About Meteorite Men - I just watched the first episode but I don't like it much. It takes 45 minutes but everything important could be said in 5-10 minutes.
Very interesting, thank you 🙏
It’s neat it happened during the time of multicellular life. I wonder how ring systems affect the formation of life on other planets as well.
thank you,
very interesting.
What an intriguing idea! It will be interesting to see whether it can be verified 🙂
Elon Musk is currently creating the next ring system....
Could you cover the Libyan desert glass (or Great Sand Sea glass)? Or the Hypatia Stone?
Can you please cover the Grenville Orogeny?
Early in the video, me: Oooh, it would be cool to engineer a ring system again.
Meteor pummeling, me: Oooh, let's not.
whoa, fires up the imagination, and I see the bar graph mentioned the Glasford impact which is just several miles from my house
Actually, it was 468 million years ago. My grandfather said so. By the way, surely things like large asteroids fall to Earth due to gravity, rather than “disintegrate”? It’s the little ones that don’t survive the trip.
Fascinating!
Appreciate your content a lot, also, would you feel the want to do a video on the earthquakes in Malibu, CA? There've been a lot of 3.0+ in the last couple weeks and idk if you had anything to say about them. Or if there's any resources that you would recommend so I can research myself, I would appreciate it :)
Fascinating.
I still like the theory that Earth in its proto-stage collided with another body that exited as the Moon, and debris was orbiting as a ring which between them, eventually disappeared into both bodies, with geology, vulcanism and tectonics at work and erasing most to time, heat and pressure. And hypothesize , most of water was from comets or gases condensate (h2o).
Another excellent video. Thanks. I have a suggestion for a video, how did the Ogwen Valley form in the Snowdonia national park in north wales, Britain form?
Just have to travel back in time 467 million years to confirm this hypothesis.
Mars also had a ring system (and will gain another in the future) and eventually Saturn will lose its ring system.
Very cool video!
Why are there Basalt columns in northern Bavaria, Germany?
That would be a interesting video!
A video on how the radioactivity inside the Earth contributes to Earth's overall heat would be interesting.
If you're up for a more extraterrestrial topic: Are tectonic plates a thing on other rocky planets?
Anything geomorphology related or continental drift. Or space related
Yeah the very first thought I had when I saw the rings was that it would basically rain meteorites until the entire ring system had fallen to earth...
How about an in-depth look into "Stromatolites". Coming from Western Australia I has seen an awesome example of them there in Shark Bay.
Some people do sudoku. Some people calculate what Earth rings could have been like... for fun.
Geology hub could turn into astronomy hub
Interesting that historically CO2 decline always FOLLOWS dips in temperature, isn't it?
it still a theory, while after proto-earth collide with Theia 4,5 billion years ago, Earth have a ring that ended become a Moon.
This is a spectacular setting for a new subgenre of doomsday movies.
How do the authors address all of the papers attributing the late Ordovician mass extinction to volcanism? I ask because of the extensive Ordovician metabentonites that exist in Kentucky where I live.
That was terrific! Thank you. How and when did tge moon form?
I think they just did a video on the moon formation in the past week or two.
- yep. I just check. They did one eleven days before this video so approx September 10th.
Good
¿How robust is the data that supports the theory that the moon was created by planetary collision with Theia?
Gee, I thought it was 618 million years ago.
Had a feeling it was a meatball. 🍝
Hey, I'm wondering (I don't think you've done it before) but how disserent valuable crystals are formed and how they are found on the surface :)
I can't remember if you've covered it but can you do the mud volcanoes in the Andaman and nicobar islands?
Great if confirmed
How for out from the Earth did the rings go? Did the Moon have any effect on them? I had not heard of this before. It's interesting to contemplate.
The Volcano known as Mt Taranaki in North island New Zealand, history, chance of eruption.
Do you mean demon possessed rings of power?
Do you suppose that the Deniliquin impactor, should its existence be confirmed, was related to the ring system in some way?
A highly speculative theory.
Actually, it's a hypothesis. Theories are an attempt to explain a known fact. While it's a known fact that these fossil meteorites exist and temps and other climate data are fact, the ring system is not.
Theories are not an 'attempt to explain' something in science; hypotheses are an attempt to explain observed data. Theories or Laws are the very small number of hypotheses that have been extensively tested and are universally supported - with all alternate hypotheses rejected by experimental data - that have become generally accepted as likely to be true as far as we can tell at present. Theory of Gravity, Germ Theory, etc. are examples. A "theory" in science is very specific thing and the term has almost the opposite of the word's casual meaning in most other contexts.
And speculation is an essential part of the scientific method. 200 years ago, a lot of what we now know was mere speculation because we didn't have the methodology or means of proving the truth of those speculations. It wasn't all that long ago that many believed the sun went around the earth instead of the other way around!
Not that speculative. We’ve known for awhile that a large number of impacts during that period took place on land that was near or at the equator. It’s almost impossible to explain that discrepancy with random meteorite impacts, but if the source was a ring system in orbit around the earth, it explains the clustering of impacts on continents that were situated along the equator at the time perfectly.
Earth was a rogue planet for its first 5 mass extinctions from prior locations. FIVE other earlier (super)novas and loss of solar systems, flung the Earth out of its prior solar residency. The mass extinctions were caused by the rogue planet shooting through the cold expanses of deep space. Whether there was the upper heavens (stratosphere-troposphere of a watery boundary protecting the warmer Earth from the coldness of deep space remains to be solved. Any such comments about events of 465 Million years ago, the Earth was located far more inside the galactic arm and closer to the galactic core. We are almost at the end of the whole galactic arm, and with the loss of our Sun, we could be thrown out of this galactic arm, go rogue and wander until we are taken up by another galactic arm.
Any such concept of Earth having a ring system would be in the early days of the Earth's accretionary theory, governed by electro-gravitic principles. Electro-gravitics is the only valid source of cosmic orogenies of stars, planets, and moons. Electro-statics, such as exists in cosmic "nurseries" of gas and dust clouds can only accrete up to 1 meter in volume - no bigger. Thus, these dust and gas clouds will never accrete into higher astronomical objects - unless an exterior electro-gravitic object, forces, fields, or gravity waves interrupting this stasis, and starts an accretionary process in that region. Thus, these gas and dust clouds could be as old or older than the Earth and its formation 465 million years ago.
Earth and all of its other planets and moons of the cosmos, including second (and later) generations of stars from the time of the Big Manifestation, were from the first generation of super-stars, undergoing (super)novas and shattering their stellar engines and their superconductive, super-dense stellar cores (not gas, supersolid cores). Those star core fragmetns are what kick started the second generation of accretionary cycles of stars, planets, and moons. Further and further (super)novas created successive lesser and lesser generations of stars, planets, and moons from the explosive debris and surrounding cosmic dust and gas clouds in the region. Thus, Earth's core is not an atomic core of iron and nickel, but the very source of a star core supersolid fragment, that then accreted cosmic debris onto that core creating its various levels of the asthenosphere and magma, eventually cooling down the surface into the lithosphere of ~15-30 miles in depth. Anything of any ring cycle around the planet, would only be in its earliest of pre-lithosphere period.
The Moon did not accrete FROM the Earth. The Moon was also a rogue object that was captured by the solar system and Earth. Its accretionary cycle and life story are completely separate from Earth's history. Any such ring debris around the planet would have eventually been accreted, or blown off and away by its solar parent on the solar wind. Most-especially after a stellar (super)nova, and Earth was blown away in a tangental direction, and any space debris around the Earth would have been scattered to the stars.
Such concepts of having this solar system develop here in totality is sheer bunkum. The Sun was its own development, as well as the other associated Jupiter and Saturn systems of failed stellar evolution. They eventually came together, and with other sweeping up of the cosmos and surrounding areas, with other rogue planets as well, our current solar system is a hodge podge of original and immigrant rogue planets therein.
Why doesn't the East Coast of the US have active volcanoes?
It's in the middle of a large plate, so no plate margin related volcanism, and has no hot spots at present, so no hot spot volcanism. It had both, long ago.
How warm does it have to get to melt the ice caps and when was the last time the ice caps melted?
Look up the "Miocene".
Mass extinction events