What is a heart attack? Heart Attack explained.

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What Is a Heart Attack?
A heart attack, medically known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a portion of the heart muscle is blocked. This blockage is typically caused by a buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) in the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart. When the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen for an extended period, it begins to suffer damage and may die, leading to potentially life-threatening consequences.
Effects on the Heart
Muscle Damage: Prolonged lack of oxygen damages the heart muscle, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively.
Scarring: Dead heart tissue is replaced with scar tissue, which doesn't contract like normal muscle tissue.
Arrhythmias: Damage to the heart's electrical system can lead to irregular heartbeats.
Heart Failure: Severe or repeated heart attacks can weaken the heart, leading to chronic heart failure.
Increased Risk of Future Events: After a heart attack, the heart is more vulnerable to additional cardiac events.
Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack
Chest Pain or Discomfort: A feeling of pressure, tightness, or squeezing in the chest, often spreading to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, even while resting.
Nausea or Vomiting: A feeling of queasiness or actual vomiting.
Cold Sweats: Sudden and profuse sweating.
Fatigue: Unusual tiredness, especially in women.
Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Feeling faint or unsteady.
Not everyone experiences all symptoms. Some people may have "silent" heart attacks, especially diabetics or older adults.
Immediate Actions for Treating a Heart Attack
Call Emergency Services: Dial emergency medical help immediately (e.g., 911 in the U.S.).
Help the Person Stay Calm: Encourage the person to sit down and rest in a comfortable position to reduce strain on the heart.
Administer Aspirin: If the person is not allergic, give them an aspirin (typically 325 mg). Aspirin helps thin the blood, improving blood flow to the heart.
Use Nitroglycerin (if prescribed): If the individual has been prescribed nitroglycerin, assist them in taking it as directed.
Perform CPR (if necessary): If the person becomes unresponsive and isn't breathing, begin CPR. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest, maintaining a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
Use an AED (if available): If there's an automated external defibrillator nearby, follow its instructions to deliver a shock if needed.
Preventing Heart Attacks
Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking.
Manage Medical Conditions: Keep conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol under control.
Regular Checkups: Routine medical checkups help catch issues early and prevent complications.
Taking prompt action during a heart attack can save lives and reduce long-term damage to the heart.

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