Authentic Recordings of Biblical Hebrew
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- Опубліковано 11 лип 2024
- Study with David: www.biblicalculture.org/hebrew
Contact: BiblicalCulture@gmail.com
Academy of Hebrew Language website with hundreds of recordings (Hebrew): hebrew-academy.org.il/אוסף-המ...
Pronunciation traditions: Samaritan Hebrew; Babylonian Hebrew; Yemenite Hebrew; Italian Hebrew; Sephardi (Portuguese/Amsterdam) Hebrew; Ashkenazi (Lithuanian) Hebrew.
Rabbi Dr. David Moster is the director of the Institute of Biblical Culture and an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Hebrew Bible at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City. He is the author of "Etrog: How a Chinese Fruit Became a Jewish Symbol" and two Biblical Hebrew reference cards currently in press. He received his PhD in Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) from Bar-Ilan University in Israel, and holds degrees in Bible, Education, and Rabbinics from Yeshiva University and New York University.
Public domain images from WikiMedia Commons and the Jewish Virtual Library. Paintings in the public domain: Jewish wedding, Marco Marcuola; Interior of the Portuguese Synagogue in 1695 by Romeyn de Hooghe; Napoleon Orda, Kaunas Old Town in 19th century; Bernard Picart: Passover Meal Among Portuguese Jews.
Thank you! I've been learning both biblical hebrew and Aramaic.
just learn Arabic, they're just derivatives of it.
@@rhetoric5173
It may be noted that Arabic is mother of all languages not any other Hebrew.
@@abdulmalik767 We have evidence it's the oldest "semitic" language, as for the Nostartic language hypotheses, that's a different conversation. Though DNA does show Arabs being the Basal Eurasians from which the rest split.
@@rhetoric5173 Hebrew and Aramaic are older than Arabic by like 1,000 years what do you mean "they're just derivatives of it"?
@@Item1948 how are pidgin older ?
As someone who grew up in a Muslim culture, Yemenite Hebrew interests me profoundly. Because to me, it sounds the closest to Arabic both in pronunciation and melody when reciting the holy texts.
Some consider it as closest to original pre-babylonian hebrew. Rabbi Bar-Chayim of Machon Shiloh institute believe every letter had it's own sound except aforementioned ,,begadkefet" and shin which would have double pronounciation with palatalised ,,s" [ ʃ ]/ [ɕ] since there is allready ,,S" (samech) and ,,ʕS" (ʕsaadi) like in arabic. Check out his channel, might be resourceful.
That's pretty interesting, I am American, but I can actually hear what you mean in the recording.
Yeah the intonation or melody sounds like my grandmother reciting the Qur’an
Wtf is a “muslim culture”!?? Islam is a religion not a fucking culture
@@NestaSimbaSautiwhy do you call it Babylonian and not Aramaic or Assyrian?
Yemenite jew here, very nice hearing the differences between the ancient pronunciations, my grandparents sounds completely different from the Sanaani pronunciation- but still nice seeing some form of original Yemenite accent ! תודה רבה
If you check out the site they have recordings of readers from other places in Yemen.
@@BiblicalCulture nice! I am half Yemenite Jewish and half Ashkenazi Jewish - sadly I never met my ashkenazi grandfather so I don’t have a clue what his pronunciation was like
I would love to visit your country and literally drink coffee every single day of my visit. God bless you
What havara do you grandparents have? From Sa'ada? That region at least?
Actually quite a number of Israelis still use this accent and others like it in liturgy and otherwise.
Me: "haha, can you imagine the italian hebrew sounding completely stereotypical?"
(Recording begins)
"Oh..."
It's funnily remarkable that the italian jew has this beautiful opera voice and own manner of singing
מרגש לשמוע את הצדיקים האלה …מנוחתם עדן ,קולם ישמע ויהדהד לעם ישראל עד בוא משיח בן דוד אמן סלה
I understand about half. Something about hear the ritchous and the return of mashiach Ben David ??
@@daleknight8971 "it is exciting to hear these tzadikim (dont know how to translate it)... RIP, may their voice be heard and resonate to the people of israel until the coming of messiah son of david amen" thats the translate
@@Daniel-ln5yh thank you .תודה
אני איתך, נס שיש הקלטות של כול האנשים האלה
Guys, HERE is The Savior
YaH The Heavenly FATHER HIMSELF was Who they Crucified/Pierced for our sins and “HERE IS THE PROOF”
From the Ancient Egyptian Semitic:
"Yad He Vav He" is what Moshe (Moses) wrote, when Moses asked YaH His Name (Exodus 3)
Ancient Egyptian Semitic Direct Translation
Yad - "Behold The Hand"
He - "Behold the Breath"
Vav - "Behold The NAIL"
What a great video! Thoroughly enjoyed this! Particularly that of the Yemenite Hebrew & Samaritan. Yes I have a bias as my lineage is half ashkenaz and half Yemenite. I grew up speaking with an Ashkenazi accent. It's so wonderful to hear Hebrew in so many different ways.
I’m glad you enjoyed!
@@BiblicalCulture podaa punda
@@BiblicalCulture oombu
They sound melodic, this is beautiful.
Agreed!
@@BiblicalCulture You missed that the oilam on lithuanian hebrew is ei instead of the modern ashkenazi/hassidish is oy. The former is almost extinct. for example real litvaks would say simches tairah instead of simches toirah which is the shtam way today
I absolutely LOVE this! Only recently I learned of my family's Jewish heritage...I can't learn enough or fast enough! So, thank you for helping me as I learn of who I am and where I came from! I'm so happy I found your channel!
Welcome!
Jew girl?
Thank you for making me discover this site! I've always loved Sephardic and Mizrahi pronunciations and now my ears can feast on those recordings!
This is absolutely fascinating! I'm very glad to have access to this kind of content from someone who can actually highlight the differences... Because as a student of Hebrew I always wonder how the prophets and the great people of the past pronounced their words, and I believe that this kinda traces us back to how Hebrew used to be pronounced... thanks a lot for such invaluable content!!
Thank you Arthur I’m glad you enjoyed
Thanks alot this was really lovely and hebrew sounds more than what I imagined and it was a soul touch as they recite ❤️
Glad you enjoyed it!
Congratulations on this wonderful video. I loved listening to it.
Great to hear Jack!
This is such a truly valuable and beautifully done presentation. I especially feel moved by the photos, which help make clear that each group has its own appearance, clothing, and identity. The voice of the Samaritan means so much to me because the story of the Good Samaritan is my most cherished of all. Thank you for your remarkable work and gift.
You are most welcome Susana!
Yes, i agree about American speakers. I feel they CAN do better. Especially they USUALLY are weak in pronouncing the letter ח (chet)
Such a great piece of work and video. Such a joy to hear these.
Absolutely beautiful.
Great. I enjoyed it. Was learning biblical Hebrew 7 years ago, but gave up due to time constraints. Look forward to starting again.
Glad to hear SAK. If you’re interested my next class begins January 18th www.biblicalculture.org/hebrew
@@BiblicalCulture Thanks
I have noted the date.
Regsrds
This is cool, you can see local influences.
Yemenite Hebrew sounds like an Arabic accent.
Italian Hebrew sounds like opera.
Well Arabic is older than hebrew so, the older forms ought to correspond
@@rhetoric5173 They're similar in age, actually. Hebrew is about 3000 years old, wheras Arabic is about 2800 years old. Not much of a difference.
@@rhetoric5173 no, the first arabic inscriptions are from 300c.e. Hebrew is from 1200b.c.e, it is 1500 years older than arabic.
@@catecurry48 No. Arabic at a minimum twice as old as that, about right for Hebrew though.
@@M4th3u54ndr4d3 lol no. And no.
These recordings are an absolute TREASURE!!!!
I have been around the Ashkenazi pronunciation my whole life, that's home!!!
Fascinating. I've always liked the Mizrachi sounds over the Ashkenazi sounds as they seem much less changed from ancient times.
Well, they stayed in the near eastern region while the Ashkenazim migrated further north into Europe explaining the dramatic changes in pronunciation
How could you say Mizrahi sounds "less changed"? We don't know how did Ancient Hebrew sounded. Also, there were many Ancient Hebrews, since the language kept evolving and there's a huge time fram between the first temple and the destruction of the second. While the early Hebrew might have been influenced by Egyptian and Canaanite languages, the one spoken after the Persian exile had Persian and Aramaic influence.
To finish, Ashkenazi and Temani both have some similarities Sephardic doesn't have, like Tav/Sav and kammatz aleph pronounced as "o".
@@user-fi9ub6ry1g
I don't think I could say it better than the comment above with the ancient Hebrew signature line. The Mizrachim remained thousands of mile closer to Ancient Israel. Plus, although not many, there are people whose families never left Israel, never exiled. Their Hebrew and the Hebrew of those who have been in Israel for many, many generations sound closer to Mizrachi than Ashkenazi. Lastly, even if it's not closer it definitely sounds far more Middle Eastern which to me is a more pleasant and more authentic sound
@@shevetlevi2821 first of all, most Jews were expelled from the land of Israel. Then, many other languages came to influence Hebrew, like Persian, Greek, and Arabic. By the way, Arabic is a Southern Semitic language, while Hebrew is a Levantine one. The Hebrew spoken in Yemen was influenced by local variants of Arabic, as was the Hebrew of other parts of the world. True, it was influenced by a Semitic language, but you cannot say is "pure" as there's no "pure Hebrew", as the language was always influenced by other languages. The Hebrew spoken by Salomon was definitely a different one than the spoken by Hebrews in Sinai and after the Persian exile, and the one spoken in Talmudic times... Languages always evolve
Of course languages evolve. And obviously we were exiled from Israel long ago. But some remained, and some were exiled to not far away. In any case this isn't a linguistics thesis, and you're being pedantic. I'm just saying that RELATIVE to Ashkenazi Hebrew Mizrachi Hebrew sounds closer to the source. I've had many native born Israelis tell me that. And that aside I like the sound better. You okay with that?
I am not jewish for a long time ago I was obsessed with the authentic sound of Hebrew, and did a lot of researches on it. Seeing this video now for me is amazing.
Shabbat Shalom from Jamaica 🇯🇲! Plz teach me. Shabbat Shalom
On a more basic level: very interesting and thank you!
The transformation of v into b is a common phenomenon in the history of the Portuguese language
I think the recording from Florence shows a strong influence of Italian, especially the vowels.
This is fascinating! I so want to learn biblical hebrew!!! I recognized the Tohu wa bohu. Rabbi was reciting Genesis 1! Beresheet!
Glad you enjoyed. If you’re interested my next class begins January 18th www.biblicalculture.org/hebrew
It’s a major pet peeve of mine when people say “Yemenite” when it’s only Sanaani pronunciation. Just because it is the most common pronunciation doesn’t mean it’s the only one.
Would love you to elaborate.
That’s why I specified exactly where each reader came from, writing “Yemenite (Sanaa)” instead of just “Yemenite.” There are recordings from other places in Yemen too.
My rabbi is from Sharab. They pronounce the holam like livaks, long a
SHALOM Ariela, yemenite Jews left Israel 400 befor TS. And I speak fluwenly classic arabic. Jemenites atleast pronouncing Hebrew in a old Semitic way and are yousing ancient words.
There was a huge village of in Yemen that did not live in Sana
11:50
what's also unique about the (Spanish &) Portuguese pronunciation is that they differentiate between the Gimmel with and without the dagesh (dot). Without it's similar to a French 'r' or the modern Hebrew 'khav'. With a dagesh it's the same as modern Hebrew. This is similar to some north African countries, some Yemenite and Babylonian (Iraqi).
Additionally, they pronounce the Hé with a dagesh as extending the noun of the preceding letter, i.e. 'Shemah' (her name) would be pronounced as 'Shemaha'. This is called in Hebrew grammar the 'Hé mapiq'.
Wow this is so interesting! I've always wondered does ancient Hebrew have different dialects and sound variations. Thanks for the upload!
I wish the mizrahi pronunciations became more mainstream
I think they are well on their way!
Ohh man, your video referencing that great site is sooo valuable. Even if all souls are familiar with hebrew letters (some rab said), this is great. Thnx you!
Extremely interesting and cool video. Thank you deeply for this!
Totally agree with: Mizrachi sounds over the Ashkenazi sounds as they seem much less changed from ancient times - Ashkenaz means Germany, while Mizrach/Egypt has a very close and crucial Biblical connection to the development, so the names define the proximity to the true sound, in my opinion
Mizrach means east, not Egypt. That's mitsraim
Intresting seeing that Persian and especially Yeminite Hebrew is more similar to Ashkenazi pronunciations than other Jews from mizrach countries
eastern sound effected by andalusi- the golden era of judaism in muslim spain///
It's a lot more complex than that. There were different pronunciations throughout - the Tiberian Hebrew for example was different to the Babylonian, and to the Eretz-Yisraeli. And some of these differences manifested themselves several times in history, since. It's not as easy to delineate along Ashkenazi/Sephardi/Mizrachi lines.
Ashkenaz is the region around the river Rhine, not just Germany, it's more specific than that.
This is very fascinating. Thank you for sharing.
Glad you enjoyed it!
@@BiblicalCulture we will see where Hashem leads.
Fascinating, thank you!
Glad you enjoyed
You could add a note, the last Ashkenazi reading was not done with the "trup" but the typical Ashkenazi learning sing song still heard today when a Dvar Torah is given. My second comment would be , to add the polish or Hungarian pronunciation.
Good points, thanks Avremel.
GREAT VIDEO. I understand for another video that ilatian dialect is a sephardic variant. I hear in this video that the italian cantor said nang'omi (nang'ami) for na'ami instead of na'ongmi, same use of NG' in the word ra'av, he said like raNG'av. But, remember that he is singing and not reading or speaking, when a cantor sing he change same vowels for the note sometimes.
Very cool. If only there were recordings from 3000 years ago.
In Cantillation, Yemenites omit final syllable stress when the word is conjoined to the next word. This is prescribed by the cantillation system, as can be gleaned from B. Kleiner's study published in 2017 and 2019. Coincidentally, this old Ashkenazi recitation with its shift of emphasis for some words ends up having some of the same rhythm as a Yemenite chant, though the disjunctions are recited as pauses instead of melismas.
@@flat-earther Yemenites follow all of the cantillation signs. You can read Kleiner's 2019 article for the demonstration. But the 2017 article is easier to read.
In fact, Yemenite believe that other Jewish traditions ignore the cantillation signs, because they stress syllables that are supposed to conjoin to the next word!
incredible to get all of these perspectives. i'm just a beginner in biblical hebrew, but have the aid of ge'ez, amharic, and tigrinya hearing. do you have any guesses as to what could be the original? I would love to hear the djerba island tunisian biblical hebrew hearing. my bet is on them!
Djerba had a private Torah trope for schoolboys that was structured like Sephardi cantillation but sounded like Ashkenazi Torah chant.
Might be super old!
You have Ge'ez and Amharic? Are you familiar with either the Ethiopian Jewish liturgy or the Tewahedo Orthodox liturgy? They both seem like very deep branches, to me, musically.
I haven't had the privilege of hearing many examples of Ethiopian Psalmody, but one that I did hear in group chant on UA-cam had the same melody as a solo Romaniote (Jewish) Psalm from Greece, except that it was sung slower.
@@Yamikaiba123 i wish to learn of the bete israel (eth jewry) more in person one day, i am an ordained minister of the tewahido orthodox and know the liturgy. peruse my channel or just search "misbak" on youtube and you will find our renditions of the meezmor dawid.
I liked the Italian recital because the guy reciting it can sing and he sounds melodic which I believe the people of Biblical times were very capable of reciting the scriptures melodically.
Very true. (I study Hebrew Cantillation academically, and early Judaism and Christianity as a hobby.) Gentile tourists would come to Jerusalem during the High Holy Days to listen to Jewish music and watch both dances and prayers. It was a cultural capital drawing on the artistic tastes of an entire Diaspora with EACH year. For many, that would produce the ancient equivalent of our world-class taste in music because of the internet: an international music literacy.
Italian cantillation is the only tradition to preserve Hebrew names for the Psalm cantillation signs (i.e. the "dta-'amei eameatth") and also is said to have stubbornly protected their style of chant from adopting the extremely melismatic flourishes of the Roman Christian church like other branches of Judaism did.
Guys, HERE is The Savior
YaH The Heavenly FATHER HIMSELF was Who they Crucified/Pierced for our sins and “HERE IS THE PROOF”
From the Ancient Egyptian Semitic:
"Yad He Vav He" is what Moshe (Moses) wrote, when Moses asked YaH His Name (Exodus 3)
Ancient Egyptian Semitic Direct Translation
Yad - "Behold The Hand"
He - "Behold the Breath"
Vav - "Behold The NAIL"
@@Yamikaiba123 - OK .. If that's the case then
Can we have more please ? 😊
@@joedee1863 UA-cam lately auto- removes my comments when I write in links. I don't practice the Italqi tradition, myself, but a rabbinical musicology student recently sent me their Thesis on Italian-Jewish Torah chant to get my opinion. So I expect to know more about it soon.
@@Yamikaiba123 - yes YT is a tyrant and i have experienced it first hand. Any thing you can share with me that enhances my appreciation for the musical content evident in the scriptures would be gratefully received.
Thank you.
Fascinating. Thank you.
awesome vides! glad to have found this channel!
Welcome Ian!
This was very informative and amusing! Thank you very much for your efforts and the valuable content!
Thank you for sharing this it was very interesting and informative
Glad you enjoyed it
Beautiful. Thank you for sharing.
You’re welcome Abo!
Just like Jews all over the world eat different food, we have slightly different culture, whether Sephardi, Italkim, Romaniote, Ashkenazi, Mizrahi. *Am Yisroil Chai!*
One lineage, different parts of the world 👊🏼. We still live!
Wow 😲 super interesting. Thanks 🙏🙏
Glad you enjoyed
The proper pronunciation of tachas/tachat is with the accent on the first syllable. This is seen in printed versions where the cantillation mark is on the first syllable and when it has an etnachta/esnachto or sof pasuk, the patach of the first syllable changes to a kamatz. It's usual in Hebrew for two syllable words when both are vocalized with a patach. It's also the way it's pronounced in modern Hebrew. The fellow from Kovno made other shifts to the penultimate syllable, though, so your point is well taken. It's interesting than he didn't read it with the trop/cantillation. His pronunciation is similar to mine and my father's. Among many Ashkenazim, that accent shift is found during study and often prayer, but for the public reading of the Torah the proper accents are observed. Since he didn't use the cantillation, he was probably not a ba'al korei (one who does the public reading), and, unused to stressing the correct syllable, read with the colloquial accent of study and prayer. Thank you for this.
I worked at a business where our customers were from all over the world. I noted that while English speaking people from other countries could communicate, there were differences in our "common" language. Same thing in Hebrew.
Good work!
YHWH BLESS THESE PEOPLE
We, the Jewish people, don't Reay write out the name of the almighty as you just did and under no circumstance do we pronounce it. We usually say HaShem in informal speech, Adonai or Elohim in more formal ones.
While you concentrate here on the pronunciation of the words, I found the differences in the way the _trop_ (cantillation) sounds fascinating, too. Imitating the former is easy enough, once you learn the rules. (A quick glance through an _alef beis_ primer can do that.) But learning the _trop_ is quite a bit more involved. (The _Litvak_ skipped the _trop,_ and the Italian wasn't reading _Chumash;_ of course _Rus_ sounds very different.)
Agreed, the musical aspect varies just as much the pronunciation.
I'm reading a thesis on Italqi Torah chant. I heard from a researcher that they don't have tropes but that their Torah recitation is more free (albeit structured) and works more like Psalmody. The reading tradition may be what Torah chant was like before the Tiberian Masorah! But, I think different peoples had their own traditions going back to those times, too. They just adapted them differently with the times.
תודה! מצויין
"Sound recording was an exceptional achievement in 1857. Thomas A. Edison (1847-1931) Edison's phonograph was also extraordinary. Not only did it record sounds, it allowed them to be reproduced at will."
👇
Origins of Sound Recording: The Inventors - National Park Service
If the Masoretes scribes have already created a Nikkudot system in the pronunciation of Biblical Hebrew, it proves that in their time there was a change in the pronunciation of Biblical Hebrew words and because of that they thought of having a standard before 920 C.E. If recording had been invented in the 19th Century, there would have been a gap of 900 years from their time that there would have been a greater change in pronunciation in speech.
The recording from the 19th - 20th century cannot prove what is the original pronunciation especially if the few people being filmed or voice recorded do not have a background reference to their origin.
In comparison the 10th century scribes who recognized what the original pronunciation was more credible than 900 years later.
Hello. Can you please provide links to the cantillations that appear in the video?
amsterdam portuguese pronunciation also differs from modern hebrew quite a lot more than described in the video. Along with the differences from modern hebrew already mentioned, ג without dagesh is pronounced like a (guttural) khaf sound, a he mapiq הּ is pronounced by doubling the preceding vowel, tzere and seghol are pronounced like a french é and close attention is payed to pronouncing the shewa na’ and nah
Yes. I only focused on a few differences and these are the ones I though most related to the recording.
The different pronunciations reflect the local languages and countries in which the Jews interacted for many generations. For Jews from middle eastern countries and Iran, one can distinctly single out the accent and pronunciation of the local language and dialects, Yemenite, Babylonian/Iraqi, the Maghreb region, etc. The same goes for the Ashkenazi pronunciation, which was influenced by Yiddish, German, and Slavic languages.
Looks interesting, Just subscribed!!
Welcome
A few points you missed out from some of the recording's. But I want to look specifically at the Ashkenazi one, he says yainkov or more specifically yainkiv as opposed to Yaakov, that extra "n" may seem out of place to americans or Israeli's but it would seem that this is very much from tradition that even tho they lost the "ayin" or Oinyin that the Samaritan's had they still kept the trace of it in some words like Yaakov I'd assume probably because it's a common name, so even tho over the millennia or two they lost the full pronunciation (probably because it was so different to the native countries they are in) they still kept that word due to using it do often.
I'm really curious on the 'ches' and 'hei' like did the Germans cause their "ch" to come into the tongue of the Jews or was 'ches' always In Hebrew (or at least for 2500 years) but the other's lost it because it was so hard for them, and so different from their native languages. I've never seen anything on this, but I'd be very interested if there is anything.
Anyway I really enjoyed this video, I hope to check out some more from your channel. Thank you very much!
Very intereting video!
This is really cool!
The most mind blowing thing is that Yemenite Hebrew sounds like ashkenaz and Sephardic combined
Interesting and informative clip and the recordings are beautiful and priceless.
Some notes:
1. While you showed a wide variety of pronunciations of Jews from Islamic countries and accordingly, the pronunciations of Ashkenazic Jewry probably has less of a variety, but it is too bad you didn't include the Galicianer/Chasidic pronunciation - where they pronounce ברוך אתה as "booreekh atu"; i.e. the קמץ as "oo" as in "tooth", the שורוק as an "ee" as in "teeth" and the חולם as an "ay" as in "play".
2. I would call your "American Ashkenazi" accent an "American Modern Orthodox Ashkenazi" accent, since the "American Misnagde Charedi" accent has one noticeable difference, the חולם pronounced as an "oy" - my guess, taken from the German dipthongs "eu" and "äu" and used to distinguish from the "aw" or "oh" of a קמץ.
3. My guess is that the Yemenite Hebrew pronunciation does not include the Modern Hebrew vowel of "eh" since Arabic only has three vowels ("ah", "oo" and "ee") though the Yemenite pronunciation DOES include the צירי. The Yemenite pronunciation also mirrors Arabic in בגד כפת, though the Yemenite pronunciation includes the "p" and "v" sounds in the "ו" and "פ" with a dagesh. Some Yemenites pronounce "ג" without a dagesh as "gh" (the Arabic ﻍ) and the "ג" with a dagesh as "j". The letters of "ד", "כ" and "ת" without a dagesh are "kh", "d" and "th" - as in "thing" (the Arabic د, ﺥ and ﺙ) and the letters of "ד", "כ" and "ת" with a dagesh are "k", "th" - as in "this" and "t" (the Arabic ﺫ, ﻙ and ﺕ).
4. My guess is that Ashkenazic pronunciation changed the ת without a dagesh from "th" to "s" due to the fact that German has no "th" sound. (See second 32 of this clip ua-cam.com/video/0MUsVcYhERY/v-deo.html).
5. The Amsterdam Portuguese pronunciation of "המערה" as "המנארה" is interesting and may have had something to do with the Yiddish pronunciation of יעקב as יענקב and the nickname Yanki?
6. My guess is that Modern Hebrew was built on the fact that there are no similar pronunciations in German, Polish and Russian to the Arabic (ﺡ, ﺙ, ﺫ, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, ﻍو,و and ﻕ). As a result, "ו" and "ב" without a dagesh became the same, as did "ת" and "ט" as did "ח" and "כ" without a dagesh, "כ" with a dagesh and "ק", as well as "ג", "ד" and "ת" whether with or without a dagesh.
So re: no. 3 aside from the obvious borrowing of a j from the Arabic jīm used as the gimmel with a dagesh and the qof being pronounced as a gof (in certain yemenite dialects just as the local Arabs would've pronounced it too) it's actually the closest dialect to Tiberian Hebrew outlined in the masoretic texts.
Re: no. 6, no modern Hebrew vowels comes from the pronunciation reform that took place after the Alhambra decree and subsequent Spanish inquisition that forced a load of Sephardi Jews south to north Africa and eastwards to Greece and most importantly ottoman Turkey. It was in ottoman Turkey that their rabbis decided to simplify their vowels to make them all the same length just as the Turks had with Turkish (which we can still hear in modern Turkish)
And modern Hebrew was the combination of those standardised Sephardi vowels with Ashkenazi letters aside from the tav in order to simplify the language for new immigrants from central and eastern Europe, predominantly
Re: no. 4, could be true but German also had a 'th' sound (at least in the early middle ages). It's also a natural consonant progression for a th to become a s or vice versa as we see in Spanish for example
Well Arabic is older than hebrew so, the older forms ought to correspond
where can I find a Tanakh with the Hebrew and transliteration like this? referencing minute 12:16
Thank you its fascinating
You’re welcome Simon!
Thank you
Fascinating! Where can I find more recordings of Rabbi Shalom Kohen? Or more information about him?
Could you tell me your thoughts on the Yanuka rav Shlomo Yehuda ty
You should do another video like this and add the Kavkazi Jews. There is a video of them on UA-cam it is a very old recording of mountain Jews.
They also recited Hebrew with the Arabic pronunciations like the yemenites. Amazing.
Reminds me of Aramaic so much!
Very close languages
Fascinating
Thank you
Anyone have the link to the full recording from the first 10 seconds of the video 0:00 - 0:10?
When I listened Ashkenazi pronunciation I can hear the influence of pronunciations from Russian and Lithuanian languages.)))
Which is very beautiful.)))
Very beautiful and interesting video indeed. Thank you.))))
great video
Thank you Victor
Anybody know the name of the first recording? The introduction one i mean..
I'll be waiting. Please reply if you know.
Was that a version of L7's Pretend We're Dead at the end of you video? 🤨😆
Beautiful!
The Italian Hebrew sound beautiful.
waw this stuff is interesting
Beautiful ❤🙏
at 2:26 *are they pronouncing yhwh or omitting it*?
He says Shema שמא which means “the name” in Aramaic. Jews say Adonai אדני which means “my Lord.”
@@BiblicalCulture oh ok. So it is true they don't utter the name
Amazing, shkoah
Thanks Daniel!
This is a great sample. However the link to the Hebrew Academy is not working.
It’s still working for me on both phone and computer
In the Shomroni reading I did hear the ב without the dot it's like v. Also, he has proper ח though it is not as strong as modern Hebrew. I believe is reading is influenced by Arabic. The ה when it is at the beginning of the word sounds like el which is probably an Arabic influence for example instead HaHetzroni he read El Hetzroni
Interesting observations. Some ח‘s do sound like ה but others are completely absent. I didn’t mention it but the ל at the beginning of words is more of an “el” compared to “le”, which as you mention is similar to Arabic.
So, I'm trying to learn the language, but there are so many instances but the different pronunciations make it so hard. Even apart from different dialects... just listening to the same person pronounce the same words completely differently (even in the same conjugation).
Is tree "ets" or "eyts" or "aiets" or "rayts?" I dunno. Is this letter a "Tav" or a "Tev" or a "tuf?" Is "Good" "Tov" or "Tuv" or "Toiyv." The vowels make such a difference, yet so many just kinda pile them in there.
This is difficult.
Yes. That’s why modern Hebrew has so much appeal. Millions of people speaking in the same way.
@@BiblicalCulture Millions of people believed the sun revolved around the earth - and, according to you, that was correct.
@@victorsasson1911 hey bro didn't say which one is the most "correct" just said why modern Hebrew has more appeal, and more importantly, in biblical times there are multiple pronunciations, it's even written in the bible, people from the tribe of Ephraim didn't know how to do the 'sh' sound and people from the north, in the galilee region didn't know how to pronounce guttural sounds (just like Ashkenazis) unlike people around the area of Jerusalem (their pronunciation is more similar to various Yemenite ones), some scholars claim the sound of vav (ו) isn't v or w, but both are valid because both existed in the biblical era in different times and places, so fighting over this subject and getting annoyed by it, is just silly
This is interesting
Awesome.
Thank you
Thanksfor this very interesting and informative video. I just would like to suggest a correction: at 7:17 the "daleth" without dagesh is pronounced as the Arabic equivalent ذ "dhaal", not like ث (tav without dagesh) "thaa".
I didn't realize how unique the modern Hasidic pronunciation is. Where did this come from?
(It wasn't shown in the video, but I speak it.)
As Yemeni Jew this is exactly how we recite
Thanks for sharing
Greta video.
Idk why, but I pretty sure that the word תהום should be read as Tehom even in ashcenzi, since it start with a ת
Thanks. There’s no dagesh (dot) in the ת because the previous word ended in an open syllable, meaning it ended with a vowel. That’s why in this case it’s “sehom” instead of the expected “tehom”.
In some of few of the recordings the pronunciation of צ differs from modern Hebrew as well, sounding more like s or th.
Are there any recordings of someone actual pronouncing the tetragrammaton?
No.
@Yakov Shani according to Jewish tradition. Not according to scripture itself. I've heard the Jews at the western wall call on the name during Yom Kippurim, and there are numerous scriptures that that claim otherwise.
@Yakov Shani according to Exodus 20:1-2, Moses heard YHWH Himself speak it. Moses spoke it to the Israelites when they asked Him the Name of the Elohim of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Too many texts mentioning those who called upon His name. I'll take scripture over man's opinion each and every day.
@@makermarx Yahuah
@@lookup4183 allegedly. Let's hold to this walk and then, on that great day, all will say, HalleluYah...
great work bruv
@@flat-earther give the wheel to The Father fella
8:16 Like singing an opera 😃
😃. in some ways even betta tho opera great and beautiful much more depth here even opera would agree
Sounds like he's going to make me a loving pizza or soap me up and give me the best shave I will ever have.
The Yemenite reading here is very influenced by Arabic, which does explain his pronunciation of gimel and qop. His melodic reading is also very reminiscent of how Muslims read the Qur'an.
Thanks for sharing this 🙏🏻
There are different Yemenite pronuciations. Some pronounce it as Jimmel and Guf, and others, such as the Sharabi dialect, its pronounced Gimmel and Quf, which is like Aramaic as well.
It is reasonable and somewhat self evident that all the respective dispersed and segregated communities were being affected by the land place language where these Jewish communities maintained their domicile. Thus we hear the influence of Yiddish in the pronunciation of Hebrew of the Lithuanian community. And thus we hear the influence of Arabic with the "wa" pronunciation in the Hebrew of Iraqi Jews. The most unique of all the communities, I find, in this regard and perhaps having a true link to the last Judean pronunciation is the Italian Jewish Hebrew.
"it's voiced in the nose if that's possible" oh man, wait until you hear the polish letters ę and ą Wich is all nose, no clue how they do it.
Thanks for sharing this בת המלך, I’ll look out for those
I really like the one around 6:30.
But he failed to do the Qoof as the old Hebrews likely did
His dotted gimmel was a j, when it should be the same gimmel pronounced by modern Israelis. It’s just that the undotted one should be the sound of what modern Israelis now pronounce the resh.
I can't see that anyone has commented how the English equivalent of חנוך (Enoch) is just how the Samaritan pronounced it! I am really curious to know how that could have come about.
Most probably because in English they usually can't say the ח
Like Hanukah instead of Chanukah
@@shhiknopfler3912 But in English noone says "Eenukah", but they DO say "Enoch". Nevertheless, in Hebrew both words begin with חַ.
@@markbr5898 true.
Maybe in Greek they would say Enukah who knows.
@@shhiknopfler3912 Maybe. In any case, I see you that are correct that the English Enoch comes to us via the Greek version.
Do Litvish pronounce וֺ as ay as in may?
I don't speak Hebrew, but I got a strange feeling when the first 3 spoke it was like listening to Palestinian, Yemeni and Iraqi Arabic!