History of social work in India

social work has evolved in India through various stages.Like in every other country social work started as a form of charity in India .Charity and religious devotion were the back bone of Indian culture during the ancient period.The old literary works and folk tales narrate the various charity works practiced in the country.One of the earliest evidence for the practice of charity in India can be obtained from rigveda which encourages charity by saying may the one who gives shine the most.Arthashastras highlight some of the earliest social work activities such as construction work carried out jointly by villagers for the public .Various other examples of charity in ancient India is found in Upanishads.One of the popular method of practicing social work during the ancient period was yagnas. The aim of yagnas was common welfare for all.According to gita the privileged section should strive for serving poor.The structure of community during the vedic period was similar to an extended family were everyone help each other.By the later vedic period charity became associated with religion and religious ideologies , it was also associated with the duty of the king.Various social activities such as women welfare , rehabilitation of prisoners,rural development and free medical care were practiced during the rule of ashoka and later by kanishka .The next era of social work was from 1206-1706 this can be called social work in medieval period.This was the time of the Muslim rulers they practiced charity as a part of their religion.They carried out practice of charity in the form of zakat which means those who practiced Islam should pay an annual sum from their earning as charity , this can be given in the form of money,cattle,grain,fruit and merchandise.Some of the notable works of social activities during medieval period was carried out by king humayun and akber .The mughal ruler humayun took the effort to abolish sati system which was one of the social evil existed during the time.Social work in the modern period,This era started from 1800AD.The social work activities during this period can be associated to the works of raja ram mohan roy .He worked for social and religious reforms .Bramho samaj,arya samaj ,Theosophical society,Indian social conference and servants of Indian society are the organizations which made effective social reform.It was in the same period Gandhi linked political movements to social movements .By his efforts to achieve independence Gandhi united various sections of the society in spite of religion all the sections of the society participated in the mass movement for independence. A milestone in the training and education of social work profession took place in the year 1936 by the establishment of sir Dorabji tata school of social work .The practice of social work is still evolving by the efforts of social activist and philanthropist.
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