L34: Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs)/ NETosis; Understanding the Mechanisms Behind NETs

#immunology #neutrophils #nets #antimicrobial
This is the 14th video of chapter 2 of immunology and focuses on Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs)/ NETosis; Understanding the Mechanisms Behind NETs. This is the 1st part of NETs/NETosis.
The link to the other 13 videos of chapter 2 are the following
L2.1: Immunology; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Common Myeloid-Erythroid Progenitor
• L21: Hematopoiesis; He...
L2.2: Immunology; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) and Common Lymphoid Progenitor
• L22: Hematopoiesis; He...
L2.3: Immunology; Granulocytes and Agranulocytes; A quick review
• L23: Granulocytes and ...
L2.4: Immunology; Neutrophils; The first line defender/Granulopoiesis/Geimsa stain
• L24: How Neutrophils a...
L2.5: Immunology; Neutrophils/ Granules/Primary Granules/Azurophilic granules/Myeloperoxidase
• L25: Function of Myelo...
L2.6: Immunology; Neutrophils/ Granules/Primary Granules/Azurophilic granules/Defensins
• L26: Function of Defen...
L2.7: Immunology; Neutrophils/ Granules/Primary Granules/Azurophilic granules/Lysozymes
• L27: Function of Lysoz...
L2.8: Immunology; Neutrophils/ Granules/Primary Granules/Azurophilic granules/Elastase
• L28: Function of Elast...
L2.9: Function of Cathepsins
• L29: Function of Cathe...
L2.10: Function of Lactoferrin (Secondary Granules in Neutrophils)
• L30: Function of Lacto...
L2.11: Mechanism of action of Collagenase and Lysozymes (Secondary Granules in Neutrophils)
• L31: Mechanism of acti...
L.2.12: Mechanism of action of Elastase and Cationic Antimicrobial Proteins/Cathelicidins/ LL-37
• L32: Mechanism of acti...
L2.13: Tertiary or Gelatinase granules in Neutrophils/ Matrix Metalloproteinases
• L33: Tertiary or Gelat...
NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAP (NETs)
NETs are web-like structures composed of chromatin, histones, and antimicrobial proteins released by activated neutrophils which trap and kill pathogens. The formation and release of NETs is called NETosis, which occurs when neutrophils are activated. During NETosis, the neutrophil undergoes a unique form of cell death where it releases its DNA into the extracellular space, forming a meshwork of fibers that trap and kill microbes.
STEPS IN NETosis
The names of the steps have been listed below and have been discussed in detail in this and in the next video (L2.15)
1. Activation of neutrophils
2. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
3. Nuclear decondensation
4. Mixing of nuclear and granular components
5. Rupture of nuclear and granular membranes
6. Extrusion of nets
7. Maturation and stabilization of nets
8. Microbial killing and immune modulation

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