Gross Anatomy of Gallbladder: Composition, Structure, Blood supply and Nerve supply

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Anatomy of the Gall bladder: Gross anatomy of Abdomen Usmle step 1
The gallbladder is a gastrointestinal organ located within the right hypochondrial region of the abdomen. This intraperitoneal, pear-shaped sac lies within a fossa formed between the inferior aspects of the right and quadrate lobes of the liver.
The primary function of the gallbladder is to concentrate and store bile which is produced by the liver. As part of the gustatory response, the stored bile is then released from the gallbladder in response to cholecystokinin.
In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the gallbladder - its structure, vasculature, innervation and lymphatic supply.
Anatomical Relations
-----------------------------------
The gallbladder is entirely surrounded by peritoneum, and is in direct relation to the visceral surface of the liver.
It lies in close proximity to the following structures:
Anteriorly and superiorly - inferior border of the liver and the anterior abdominal wall.
Posteriorly - transverse colon and the proximal duodenum.
Inferiorly - biliary tree and remaining parts of the duodenum.
Anatomical Structure
----------------------------------
The gallbladder has a storage capacity of 30-50ml and, in life, lies anterior to the first part of the duodenum. It is typically divided into three parts:
Fundus - the rounded, distal portion of the gallbladder. It projects into the inferior surface of the liver in the mid-clavicular line.
Body - the largest part of the gallbladder. It lies adjacent to the posteroinferior aspect of the liver, transverse colon and superior part of the duodenum.
Neck - the gallbladder tapers to become continuous with the cystic duct, leading into the biliary tree.
The neck contains a mucosal fold, known as Hartmann’s Pouch. This is a common location for gallstones to become lodged, causing cholestasis.
Vasculature
-------------------
The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via the cystic artery - a branch of the right hepatic artery (which itself is derived from the common hepatic artery, one of the three major branches of the coeliac trunk).
Venous drainage of the neck of the gallbladder is via the cystic veins, which drain directly into the portal vein. Venous drainage of the fundus and body of the gallbladder flows into the hepatic sinusoids.
Innervation
------------------
The gallbladder receives parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory innervation.
The coeliac plexus carries sympathetic and sensory fibres, while the vagus nerve delivers parasympathetic innervation.
Parasympathetic stimulation produces contraction of the gallbladder, and the secretion of bile into the cystic duct due to relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. The majority of this response however, is mediated by circulating cholecystokinin as part of the gustatory response.
Lymph Drainage
--------------------------
Lymph from the gallbladder drains into the cystic lymph nodes, situated at the gallbladder neck.
The cystic nodes then empty into the hepatic lymph nodes, and ultimately, the coeliac lymph nodes.
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[@snipsnupix]

I wander whether bloated intestines can cause gall bladder block cause I often have pain under my right rib cage, feel tightness. I have noticed that sometimes when I go to sleep and lay down it gets relaxed but often time especially during the day I feel intense tightness. Do you have any ideas as to what it may be? Thanks.

[@snipsnupix]

The reason I asked this question is that I saw in your video that gall bladder is very close to duodenum. I really confused what causes pain, whether it is gall bladder, duodenum or maybe large intestine.

[@giovanna722]

@@snipsnupix I remember having tightness under my ribs a few years ago. Also nausea when I ate. Had an ultrasound and was diagnosed with gallstones. Had my gallbladder removed. Not saying this is your problem but you should check it out.

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