Making Sodium Hydroxide (Lye) From Salt
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- Опубліковано 19 жов 2024
- I use the Chloralkali mercury process to turn NaCl into NaOH. I also use the excess chlorine to produce a bromine solution and I make activated mercury at one point.
Thanks again to Julian Emmerling for this intro and outro music: If you want him to make something for you contact at j.n.e.sound@gmail.com
Let's make something using household items. we are going to need magnesium, mercury, nitrogen, bat's pubic hair and uranium
Chemistry in a nutshell
Sounds like alchemy! Lol
😂😂😂So true
😂😂lol
And a pinch of Unobtanium too.
I worked in aerospace / defense machine-tooling for many years. We used high purity Sodium Hydroxide crystals to make bath solutions for "black oxidizing" treatment of various steel parts. We also had a run of CNC mills cutting components from 6061 and 7075 Aluminum billets. (Some out there are already cringing :) Our NaOH came in 200L drums (50gal), our CNC machines had chip conveyors to clear the machines and dump the chips into... yep, 200L drums. (rest of you cringing yet?)
A young machinist couldn't find an empty chip barrel, opened the quarantine cage and used a (nearly) empty NaOH barrel to catch the aluminum chips (wet with water soluble cutting oil)... the reaction started nearly immediately with high heat, massive gurgling noise and plumes of hydrogen gas billowing out. While the machinists row stood in awe watching this, my rudimentary Gr.12 chemistry had me sound the alarm and evacuate the building. Initially I caught shit from management who were trying to consult the MSDS sheets, lol.
Just a reminder, when using strong reactive chemicals, READ THE MSDS sheets and understand what you're dealing with BEFORE something happens... you don't have time during an incident. When IT REACTS, YOU REACT !!
oh what a coincidence, today i was trying to make a "hydrogen burner" of sorts by reacting aluminium metal with sodium hydroxide
@@VerbenaIDK My 2cents, do NOT use a 200L reactor vessel. Wear gloves, NaOH "feels" slippery, because it's dissolving the fats in your fingers... in real time.
Capture ALL of your hydrogen (no smoking).
Keep a suitable (equal strength) acid solution nearby to neutralize the reaction if/when needed. "Bill" learned first hand that a $450 Halide "all purpose" fire extinguisher does absolutely nothing here.
Typical damn management
unfortunately, mercury is even harder to get than NaOH
+charles cote
Lol, I guess that is true, but I can keep reusing the mercury to make as much hydroxide as I like.
I have slightly over 40 pounds of it my grandpa and dad used to train and sell horses and would use it in tubes put on the sides of the horses head to keep them from shaking there heads. My dad always told me it was illegal and deadly as a kid but I think it was just to keep me from playing with it but now that I have it and have so much does anyone know if I can sell it legally or do I need a license?
@Nuovoswiss a more efficent way than the methods you proposed is 2 half cells with a salt bridge. One cell has just salt water the other just distilled water or maybe a little sodium hydroxide to help start the current flowing. Sodium ions travel through the bridge and chlorene evolves as a gas from the saltwater brine cell.
@Nuovoswiss the energy efficency will be realtivly good and more dependent on the applied voltage. But, the rate of ion flow through the bridge, among many other factors, is roughly proportional to crossection area of the bridge. A not all inclusive list of other factors may include electrode surface area, distance between them, conductivity of solutions in each cell, temperature, contaminates, thickness of membrane composing cell.
@Nuovoswiss i think i glossed over a lot of that in the not all inclusive list of other factors in my previous comment. In general, the resistance between cells can be compensated by increasing the crossection area of the membrane much the same as putting two resistors in parrelel halfs the resistance of that resistor network. Double the plate area also halfs the resistance in a cell that ends up as waste heat. Same with halfing the distance between electrodes also halfs the resistance that ends up as waste heat. Of cource there are pratical limits to each of the above optimizations.
If one has electronic experence, one might find that electrolsys can be simulated fairly well with a resistor and zener diode in series with each other. The voltage drop across the resistor × the current is the power that ends up as waste heat. Voltage drop across the zener diode is related to the elecro chemistry of the electrolyte and the plates. The current times the voltage drop across the zener diode ends up being the power that does the electrolytic work making the current through the zener diode related to moles.
Intrestingly if one applies alternating current, the electrode plates act like a capacitor that is parrelel to the resistor and zener diode, and the electrolyte acts like a dielectric that increases the capacitance. Water is a great dielectric at low voltages and high frequency. So it is then that when using ac, it helps to introduce an inductor coil sized to counter the capacitive reactance at the driven freqency.
Lowering the voltage drop across the series resistor in the resistor zener diode model makes for a more efficent electrolsys system. The previous mentioned optimizations reguarding electrode size distance do that, but so does lowering the applied voltage so long as is still more than the zerner diode's voltage raiting. Lowering the voltage results in more electrolsys product and less waste heat from a given amount of energy supplied.
Unwanted side reactions with contaminates will most certainly complicate any simulation model.
Cody: "We gonna need salt, regular eating kind".
Me: "Oh ok, I can find that."
Cody: "Dissolve it in water"
Me: "I do have water as well!"
Cody: "Now I gonna add that to the pound of mercury"
Me: "..."
its best if you dont make it, its as good as drain cleaner.
@@magnuswootton6181 Sodium hydroxide is very useful for cleaning off stubborn polymerized materials from cookware (oven pans etc) as well as for unclogging drains. It's sold as a general cleaning supply here. A 1kg tub costs 2-3€. As long as you don't let it contact anything made of aluminium (or yourself) you're fine.
I do usually try with sodium carbonate beforehand, it's safer and you don't need nearly as many precautions. It's only dangerous if you get it in your eyes and will only _slightly_ ruin aluminium (instead of going nuclear like the hydroxide).
When dissolved in methyl alcohol and added to old cooking oil , bio diesel can be obtained.
@@dont.ripfuller6587 transesterification
NaOH with aluminium foil is good for producing hydrogen, which can be used for create hydrogen lamp if you manage to put that gas on fire. :D Or you can even blow yourself up, if you create pressurised environment and manage to put it on fire :D
Answers to end card questions here:
BTW I know some of you are going to mention the gloves changing color, that's because I did this experiment twice and used footage from both.
you should strongly consider get a patreon, it might supply you with more funds for bigger and "better" videos. Above all though, keep making your content fun and interesting!
+Zach Salmi
I think I will make one just to see what happens, perhaps I can get enough to upgrade my equipment, but what ever I do I wont advertise it constantly like other channels as I find that rather annoying.
+Cody'sLab i would put a link in your description and just do 5 seconds mentioning it at the end of each video, it would be enough for the people who want to donate.
possibly a granite... amphibole, maybe epidote and biotite in thin section
+Ian Shackell
Thats actually pretty close!
Man quite a few really awesome reactions featured in this video one after another. I really liked this one.
+NightHawkInLight
Thanks! It took me all weekend to make this video. though I;m sure you spend way longer than that on most of yours. :)
Thanks for shouting out this channel, it's fantastic!
+Cody'sLab Different styles. I like the rawness of your videos, it makes them feel genuine.
+NightHawkInLight Love both your channels, Learning a lot and getting my kids involved with science! Hope your channels rocket you into the future!
Agreed! love both of you channels by the way
It's all a lye. What an insalt.
lol
lol good one xD
Please stop
That's light. Shame to me. (What kind of communi-CATION it is???)
Wow
"Today i'm going to make Lye from salt" Awesome! I'll be able to get some lye that i can dip my pretzels into- "All we need is some Mercury" "oh..."
What kind of Pretzel so you have , Soap Pretzel !?
u dip pretzales into food grade lye before cooking
You can order food grade lye on Amazon pretty cheap. If you're using it though you have to be pretty careful and honestly you can achieve a pretty good result from baking soda.
I don't know enough about the process to say for sure but I reckon you could substitute gallium over gentle heating for a non-toxic pseudo-amalgam. Don't take my word for it as this video is the full extent of my research into this reaction..
I have yet to try it but I believe you can simply boil a wood ash slurry for 30 minutes and lye will be on the tippity top
I'd say based on the patterns and my *extensive* knowledge of rocks, I'd say that rock is most definitely of the variety that come from earth.
i think its bismuth
+Preston Unless of course it's Meteoritic in origin.
+Preston looks like a chondrite
my next poem is about rocks... theyre all about rocks.
Thanks man, i couldn't tell
I can't stop watching your channel
me too
Argh, chlorine, mercury and hydrogen… My favorite breakfast.
And bromine. Don't forget bromine! Some of the friendliest stuff around... ;)
***** I don't like the texture, I find it a bit too cloudy.
Don't forget the bromine
Na you forgot some sodium too. ;)
better than sugary kids' cereals.
Omg! Thank you Cody!!! I was wondering where Sodium Hydroxide came from, because my mom went to visit Thailand and brought me back tons of beauty facial bars that contained Sodium Hydroxide! She thought it was a Vitamin C face bar, because it was Orange colored and smelled like Tangerines! But being slightly a Geology nut, I knew anything with the suffix "oxide" in it would naturally be in the color ranges of red, orange, brown and black. I think that the added fragrance was just to mask the fact it was Orange colored to begin with, and that it was just an after thought. I was thinking this was irritating my face, and my esthetician had no clue.
Cody, I like your videos. I'm very impressed with your knowledge of chemistry and geology and your self-sufficient attitude. I think that's super awesome. :D
I haven't watched all of your videos yet but I've skimmed through looking for potassium hydroxide but didn't find anything... I've made soap a few times using sodium hydroxide but I want to try using potassium hydroxide and I would like to know how to make it myself... I know the general idea but not the exact process. Would you be willing to make a video about extracting potassium hydroxide from wood ash?
Your succinctness should be emulated as the Gold standard for informational UA-camrs. Bravo.
It wouldn't form sodium bromide upon addition of the sodium hydroxide to the bromine solution. It would form sodium hypobromite, and sodium bromide.
2 NaOH + Br2 => NaOBr + NaBr + H2O
This can be demonstrated by the addition of an acid, which will react with the NaOBr to yield Br2 again, and the sodium salt of whatever acid was added.
I'm glad I'm not the only one who noticed that.
How refreshing. Someone who actually shows you what they say that they are going to show you.
it's like watching a crude version of Nurdrage, love it though.
I’ve been watching your channel through suggestions from other videos citing your work. I just want to express my thanks for your curious nature and informative videos.
Thank you, and God bless you and yours. 🙏🏽
i like your intro now, it's much better than the one jizzing on your arm
+Lucas Howiler lol'd
I really liked this video format, it fells professional and quick, congrats cody
Don't you think it looks like 1967 Chemistry class
"Ahh, mercury. Sweetest of the transition metals."
Yeah sweet death happens.😂
Saya tidak mengerti apa yg kamu bicarakan
Tapi saya hanya mengira anda membuat sesuatu yg luar biasa
Garam, hcl dan naoh dan mercury.
Sungguh prodak yg luarbiasa dari bahan baku sederhana. Good jobs bro. Saya suka itu
Cody if you need money for equipment chemicals and projects Patreon can help you. The thing is that you need to reward those people whom pay. You can set prices for what amount of awards you give to your donators like early access to videos or shout outs. You can also have company's sponsor video's for a return that you mention there product in a or many video's. It is up to you if you want to give Patreon a try. It might give you a bit more money. But everything helps. Also I think that rock is granite or Quartz. Keep up the good work Cody.
this is the first video I watched of yours and I already love your channel.
you are using lab equipment that I actually have access to!
So the salt shake is a lye?
+Gareth Dean Na...
JayMark2049
Oh, that's Cl then.
Oh, barNaCles!
+Connor Steppie nerdgasm
Gareth Dean I would make a sodium joke to fit the theme, but Na
You just saved my 3 hours of reading wikipedia articles to realize I dont have the correct materials.
Thanks cody, instant sub.
I wonder if the same process can be done using Gallium (heated above 30° C)?
Oh and thanks for the kick-ass videos.
Y’all you don’t need mercury lol, he just did this to demonstrate some other cool things. Any electrolysis of water with table salt as an electrolyte will do this, which is actually why you don’t want to use table salt for making hydroxy gas. Burning the chlorine/hydrogen mix that comes out is the usual way that hydrochloric acid is made
As a chemist with years of pharmaceutical experience you scare the hell out of me when you do stuff like this. Nobody try these experiments at home, seriously they aren't safe even in a lab with fume hoods.
All the best mate, keep up the good work.
Andrew Griffiths its all good he knows what he is doing.
I heard or read something about activated mercury the other day, didn't know what it meant. Now I do. Thanks Cody.
Dude, you've grown up! Interesting video. The best guy ever doing chemistry on UA-cam, I'll bet you agree was UC235 - and he never even had ads. But money is to be made with patrion. You decide. Good stuff
Thnx for telling..
Excellent you got something like a Castner-Kellner process working without destroying your electrodes. Also really like the new intro.
+quadrapod
Yeah! I think that is what its called when you have mercury.
You don't say what voltage you used, just "electricity"
>
Around 10 years ago, i was working on scraping out some machinery. When pulled the pannels off , I found big vials of mercury. Not having a use for i sold them to the scrap recycling dealer. They gave a decent price for them.
Yes, get a patreon please. :P Keep up the amazing work.
Holy crap that was cool. I studied the mercury cell method of NaOH production, but never thought I'd see it like this!
omg he is wearing gloves
+Curtis Dorris (AtrumBlood) first time using the condom... lol
LUIS UniqEz XD
LUIS UniqEz
Maaaaaagnum dooooooong
Just rewatched this video at the end of 2020. I still like it :)
it feels a bit rushed :/
It is...
Its concentrated knowledge
According to Wikipedia the industrial use of mercury for producing Sodium Hydroxide is banned, because the Sodium Hydroxide still has some mercury contamination. Thus for soap making for example the produced sodium hydroxide is not appropriate.
Is it just me or do you guys also feel like he uses mercury in A LOT of his videos
Mercury maniac.
Hey Cody, my recent comment here gave me an idea for you. Use some of your NaOH to perform a Black Oxide conversion coating on some steel. Done right it produces a beautiful, durable low sheen black coating on steel (copper, zinc, etc.). It's a bit of a process (for a layman) but I'm sure fairly simple for you.
Can you use this process to instead recover metallic sodium from the mercury?
yes, in fact using this method is how metallic radium was first produced.
could you show us?
Good to see your videos popping up again
So where was the lye?
This was great thank you. I am a soap maker and it neat to see how my lye is made.
Can this be done with molten gallium in place of mercury?
+TheGinginator14
You may have guessed at an up coming video ;)
Cody'sLab is this video ever coming up?
I understood nothing but enjoyed it all. Just too complicated and dangerous for the average Joe. Great video.
Wall Mart was out of mercury 😣
if your looking for mercury in Walmart you probably shouldn't be handling it
@@batenkait0s657 you can't take a joke, so you shouldn't be commdnting
@@swsipn this world has really stupid people who you think are joking but are not for example the cherry pit community who eat cherry pits-no matter how much it seems like a joke I treat things seriously due to people like them
Looks like basalt but with big cristals... The glass has little shard in it I think it is called an hemicristallin srtucture but I don't know if it can be said in english (i'm french). To get that big of cristals, the cooling had to be kinda slow but the rock isn't fully cristalised. And the rock doesn't seem to have endured metamorphism. Although the yellow cristal (wich seems to be pyroxene) and the white cristal (wich is quartz I think) makes me think that it is effectively basalt viewed with a polarizing microscope..
how did you make hillary clinton from salt :o
i see what you did there. haha
Hi Cody'sLab, my grandmother used to make lye from hardwood ash and rainwater to use for making soap. She was well known throughout the county for the quality of her soap, and my mother says it was due to her soap being consistent, white, and not as harsh as that of the competition. I know that you have made lye in this fashion for your gunpowder video, but I find the results highly variable. Do you have a way to separate KOH and NaOH using materials commonly found on a farm? All my mother can remember is that they crystallized the lye and rehydrated it in fixed measures.
A faster way to make salt is to kill Goldy in Gears of War.
Why is chemistry more fun when you don't have to study it? I've graduated high school now but I still remember how I disliked chemistry when I was in high school... Now I've been spending my time watching chemistry videos on youtube
I always wonder how careless you proceed. Just one of these substances can ruin your health irreversably.
Hey, Cody. You dont't really need to heat up the NaCl solution to fully dissolve it. The solubility of NaCl doesn't change with the temperature. ( just a little "fun" fact )
+jonasbinger
It does just not as dramatically as other salts, also the hating makes it go into solution much faster.
Bismuth ore?
What are you talking about dude.
@@quicksilver3431 not sure it was 4 years ago
@@stevencox75 no That's okay, i was just asking.. what's your point of reminding bismuth.
So, in one process, you can make chlorine, and hydrogen, and sodium, and bromine. That's four elements. Pretty cool !
Now all I need, is to find some mercury.
This guys lyeing, don't listen to him. :D
+☭ REPTILLIAN ☭
Wow, I hope the orignal comment didn't go over your head...but it's kinda looking that way
+☭ REPTILLIAN ☭ pretty sure arno was making a silly pun. Cody made lye in the video dude.
+☭ REPTILLIAN ☭ Nah, don't fuck your life over the internet...I'm pretty sure we've all been that guy. At least you have the intellect to realize a mistake
Arno Victor Dorian
Dude, that would be spelt lying
@@KILLRXNOEVIRUS wooosh
Thank you, I have been looking for a way to make lye for dehairing hides and who else than my favorite youtuber to upload it!
The thin section in the end contains euhedral plagioclase, micas (probably biotite), and maybe amphiboles (the green pleochroic crystal on the side of the pic. But maybe it's just a biotite transforming into chlorite). Everything being drowned in a matrix of plagioclase microlites. I don't really see any quartz (at least bigger than the matrix), so I would say it's between a dacite/andesite. At least a volcanic rock with a low to medium level of differentiation.
Cody don't you just love it when tou go to get your chickens eggs in a cold Utah morning or afternoon and one or two of the eggs are freshly laid and still warm ( i live in Salt Lake City)
+Wyatt Hanson
And the rest are frozen solid... lol
+Cody'sLab yep
Why does this have the pacing of a tiktok video, man was ahead of his time
Lye is that stuff in those old cartoons where someone decides to stir something with a metal spoon, and it melts the spoon. I'm sure back in those days, there was a running joke about how lethal lye really is. They used it in all kinds of ways during the 30s and 40s.
You do the coolest stuff bro.
Love all the madness on your channel Cody
I have no clue what I just saw but it was really cool
Careful with H2 and Cl2 that are being produced. In combination, these two will (in presence of UV light - which a lot of LED flashlights produce enough of) react explosively, to form HCl gas. This explosion can cause serious injuries if a shrapnel from container hits you. Nice and useful video, but be cautious (avoid bright light, especially UV sources).
That's great, but... I don't have access to such amounts of mercury. Can I make lye from kitchen salt using electrolysis with some easily obtainable additives?
Your videos are so satisfying
God damn, 100% speedrun in science
Can you PLEASE make a detailed video on how to construct this mercury charging vessel? - How long? How much power? What type of salt?(best for charging mercury no use for orange liquid)Can I use home power outlet? Generator? Can I use wireless cellphone charger?
You look awsome! I can't stop washing your channel. Thanks a lot!
I met Roy; an older guy.. he told me that he could make energy with 5 gallon bucket full of black sand while something of mercury but we didn’t have the knowledge then was in college.
Awesome video as always Cody. Is there any alternative to the mercury metal?
Lye can be obtained from ash by dissolving it in water for a few days, filtering and then concentrating the filtrate until an egg floats in it. That is potassium hydroxide though.
Hello I'm French. I saw it in Dr. Stone recently. I wanted too much to know how it was in real life, so thank you.
When you connect the supply, first connect the ground (or negative ) and then connect positive wire. Disconnecting goes the positive wire first.
thank you for teaching me how to hide a body from the cops
I think it would be very nice and educational if you added the chemical equations on the bottom as they happen. Just a suggestion
This guy really catching the chlorine and hydrogen gas by converting baking soda into sodium hydroxide.
I'd support a Patreon! The videos are fascinating. Fair play to you chief
Heat baking soda to at least 500C. The higher you go the faster the CO2 evolution gets, but it overcomes atmospheric CO2 vapor pressure at about 450C. Basically heat it in a pan over a fire.
You'll get a mixture of sodium oxide and a proportionally smaller amount of sodium peroxide.
No idea how to separate them, but if you just want Lye, then all you have to do is throw it in water and wait for the hydrogen peroxide to turn into water and oxygen.
Cody are you familiar with the process of changing a quarters color by heating it up then rapidly cooling them down. I've done this with about 3 dollars in quarters and counting in the past two days. Depending on how hot the quarters (dimes work too) I've been left with different colors. The colors gotten so far are; copper, a shiny blue/purple, a shiny red/orange, black, bronze, and gold, and mixtures of those colors. I would love to see your take on this experiment, and any explanation you might have for this reaction.
+Some One
Yeah quarters are made from a material known as nickel silver which is just an alloy of nickel and copper. Nickel and copper oxidize at different temperatures so a lot of colors can be made due to the different ratios of oxides. Pre 1964 quarters didnt do this due to containing primarily silver.
Fact: Lye was thrown into Blind Willie Johnson’s eye the age of 7. BWJ composed Dark was the Night, Cold was the Ground Which is a song on Voyagers Golden Record.
My Material Science teacher would have drilled me on the hose leading into the liquid.
If the heat source is removed before the hose is taken out of the liquid the water may get sucked back into the gas generator due to the vacuum.
yes you should get a patron!
Have you ever thought about robbing graveyards, combining the parts, and RE-ANIMATING them ?
......... Enjoying all your videos, well done Mate,
Cody's next channel, Dr. Codystein. Have to figure out what his first video would be. Perhaps "Reanimating a body with mercury and some table salt"?
If maybe Cody could reanimate a body with Florine and Mercury. Then he could call his creation F Mercury.
its always great to watch and see your amazing videos
Chemistry if purities and safety were imaginations of the past:
Your a menace, you casualy let Chlorine gass pour out of that tube for like 10 seconds and stood there chatting about it.
Cody, your compressors overheated because it looked like you installed the high side of one compressor to the low side of the other, if you would like a rough drawing on a refrigeration system let me know.
Oh, a nice safe experiment for the kids to do!!
Nothing like breathing some mercury cloud and chlorine gas to make life a little more exciting 🤪
Tell me what happens if you didn't add mercury? Is it dangerous
I love your videos, Cody
does "chlorine dissolved in sodium bromide solution" and "bromine dissolved in sodium chloride solution" mean the same thing? like are they all just a bunch of chlorine, bromine, and sodium ions floating around?
Hay Cody I'm a big fan, you're channel is awesome. Anyways I tried to make sodium hydroxide myself. But the reaction didn't last long and I don't know why. Maybe cuz I used two graphite rods
Subscribed because of Intro.
Thanks for this great recipe
Why did you heat up the water to make the salt solution (in the beginning)?
One of the few things I remember from Chemistry Class is that the solubility of NaCl doesn't change with water temperature.