How to BUILD A MUD HOUSE? Laying the Foundation. Off-the-grid life

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  • Опубліковано 7 тра 2021
  • How to Build a Mud House? This is the second episode of our "How to build a Mud House?" series.
    The first part is preparing the mud bricks.
    • HOW TO BUILD A MUD HOU...
    We used over 1350 bricks to build this house. After making these bricks we got into the foundation. Because Kanchanburi(Thailand) is a high rain area, we decided to go with conrete for the base foundation.
    The foundation is one brick deep and one brick wide, with metal wire in between it. And then concrete is poured into the center. If you're also in a high rain area, we recommend 2 bricks deep and 1 brick wide. This will give you a much stronger foundation. We learned this the hard way, as we start to see small cracks along the walls now after 1 year.
    IF you know a good stone layer, then you can also use rocks to build your foundation. But that sorta skill was not available where we are. Remember, after the bricks, this is the second most important part of building a mud house, so do it right, as this decides how long your mud house lasts.
    If you're into building mud houses then check out our other episodes
    How to build Mud bricks? The most important part of the mudhouse
    • HOW TO BUILD A MUD COB... ​
    How to build a Mud house - Trailer
    www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIGJV...
    How to build a Mud walls?
    INSERT LINK
    If you like this video, please dont forget to subscribe by clicking on the link below.
    ua-cam.com/channels/1Ds8Vg5vSTS.html...
    "OurLand is an ethical business located in Kanchanaburi, Thailand where we function as a nature reserve, eco-village, and a nature education center. As one of the first privately managed nature reserves in Thailand, we are working to model a more harmonious way of coexisting with the world around us and operate on the pillars of nature conservation, sustainability, and education.
    If you are further interested in OurLand please follow us on
    ourlandthailand
    ourlandthailand
    www.ourlandthailand.com
    #mudhouse​ #ourland​ #mudbrick​
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КОМЕНТАРІ • 135

  • @mukeshp4535
    @mukeshp4535 3 роки тому +18

    Wow... Amazing mud house 🏠, requesting for some more videos for this mud house.

  • @karloskardenas2414
    @karloskardenas2414 2 роки тому

    Fantastic brother!!!!! Congrats!!!! Thank you!!🙏🏻

  • @polish-braziliancouplebuil6226

    Great video. We have decided to get the most economical and sustainable way to build our house: we are producing our own ecological bricks(very beautiful ones, by the way) and building our house ourselves with the bricks we produce. Soon, we will show how to produce and build with them. You save tons of money doing that!
    Very interesting video, it's nice to see how people are building around the world.

  • @user-dy5dw6dg7n
    @user-dy5dw6dg7n 8 місяців тому

    wow น่าอยู่มากๆค่ะ บ้านหลังพอดีๆตัวสุดยอดมากๆค่ะ

  • @NileshJi11
    @NileshJi11 Місяць тому

    Thank you for information ❤

  • @rogathesarwatt
    @rogathesarwatt 2 роки тому +1

    Hi good work

  • @shubhampandey3693
    @shubhampandey3693 2 роки тому +53

    use lime and sand mortar instead of cement and local stone instead of concrete bricks. less carbon footprint

  • @Rinkyu
    @Rinkyu 2 роки тому

    Love it I want to build a mud house because houses are so expensive

  • @sight1666
    @sight1666 Рік тому +2

    Great video, but i have a question about, why you choose concrete foundation instead of stone foundation or rubble foundation ?.
    And is your foundation and especially your stem wall is a little bit too low, water can attack it, i live in vietnam and have a lot of rain in summer.

  • @drwizardd
    @drwizardd 2 роки тому +56

    I am sorry if I am not wrong. Mud houses are a very old, infact ancient practice followed in india since huge time. Go to indian villages. And you will find them. ❣️

    • @Sufficient4UsIsAllah
      @Sufficient4UsIsAllah 2 роки тому +9

      Mud houses aren’t unique to India. Once upon a time most of humanity built with mud. In England we have hundreds of years old mud cottages.

    • @MayuraVarmaa
      @MayuraVarmaa Рік тому

      @@Sufficient4UsIsAllah mostly you people learnt by Indians

    • @mayankdewli1010
      @mayankdewli1010 Рік тому +1

      @@Sufficient4UsIsAllah nope. England is responsible for disrupting the sustainable housing all over the world by introducing cement and other artificial commerical products

    • @geethascharlu5622
      @geethascharlu5622 Рік тому +2

      Mud house is Indian practice even now noticed

    • @imacarguy4065
      @imacarguy4065 8 місяців тому

      ​@@Sufficient4UsIsAllahIt's ubiquitous throughout but India still uses it and is pretty innovative with it as well.

  • @MAJAGAONKARVIVEK
    @MAJAGAONKARVIVEK 2 роки тому +28

    Please always apply some tar on the wood surface wherever it comes in contact with the mud. The tar will protect from termites.

    • @VijoVarghese17
      @VijoVarghese17 2 роки тому +1

      Thankyouu for that advice. Willl definitely have that considered for the next house :)

  • @lorenebonsu146
    @lorenebonsu146 2 роки тому

    Wow 🤩

  • @pakgreenfield
    @pakgreenfield Рік тому

    nic work

  • @bruhhh8959
    @bruhhh8959 2 роки тому +1

    Seems pretty strong because they throwing it and it doesn't crack

  • @parthapratimgogoi8374
    @parthapratimgogoi8374 2 роки тому +1

    But will it be strong wall?? Can hold it heavy rain falls?? I am from Assam we also having mud house's every where but technical our is different???

  • @onenation9436
    @onenation9436 3 роки тому +1

    Nice..wish me there🇮🇳...

  • @MokingJay-Ilysium
    @MokingJay-Ilysium Рік тому +1

    I think that and adjustments or a part of the story is the area where you live if cob house is the right thing or that the construction need to be altered with straw or hennep blocks. So the foundation in wetland need to be on posts or higher in the air and on a rigid surface is also different but I’m a slope with heavy rainfall it needs to be anchored into that under Neath laying layers so it’s quite difficult to get a general one sided view

  • @mustafabayati4761
    @mustafabayati4761 Рік тому

    Can we build 3 story house of the same mud bricks shown in this video? Thanks

  • @ernestparker7261
    @ernestparker7261 3 роки тому +3

    You got a subscriber. I desperately want to learn sustainable/ affordable architecture to improve Liberia 🇱🇷.

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  3 роки тому

      Thankyou. More videos coming soon!

  • @ascenthomestead4703
    @ascenthomestead4703 2 роки тому

    ... and Bohol Philippines is prone to earthquake, as high as 7.3. magnitude. Can this house design withstand earthquake if I will make one in my place. Please advice!

  • @Bamidele-ee8ch
    @Bamidele-ee8ch 6 місяців тому

    Do you have a title deed, did you also need to follow building code or pull a building permits

  • @peterlawrence738
    @peterlawrence738 11 місяців тому

    No drainage from beneath the foundations away from the structure?

  • @mnhusin509
    @mnhusin509 8 місяців тому

    how about stone foundation?

  • @rogathesarwatt
    @rogathesarwatt 2 роки тому

    What is the demension of the mud brick

  • @richu19joshi
    @richu19joshi Рік тому

    How much time it takes??else i ll take leave from my work n make it

  • @cryptogoth
    @cryptogoth 7 місяців тому

    Thank you for this video, you got the best crew! If it's monsoon season, won't the mud settle around the concrete? Isn't gravel or pebbles normal to allow drainage around the foundation. It looks like a wonderful house thank you.

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  6 місяців тому +1

      Thats a gooood point. Technically the mistake we made with this house is not raising it enough. Should have gone about 30cm off the ground. Also drainage wasnt thought about too well. Thats why we're building the next one soon! New lessons learnt.

  • @mixedcanadianalbion2292
    @mixedcanadianalbion2292 4 дні тому

    Hey, nice video. This seems silly, but shouldnt rain wash the mud off or out of the bricks over time?
    I assume not, so i guess im wondering why and how

  • @SRKSTORIES
    @SRKSTORIES 3 місяці тому

    Please guide...I want to make one

  • @chhabrauday
    @chhabrauday 2 роки тому +1

    Samay ka chakra bhi badiya hai .....log vapis ghum kar unhi chijo par aarahe hai jo woh chodh chuke the eg kache miti k ghar

  • @somabiswas7725
    @somabiswas7725 Рік тому +2

    Just 50 years past where I live there have many earthen or mud houses though it was flooding area, flood happened every year but people use to built mud houses, the walls were very thik more than 30 inches,
    It is very low cost method for building, but only problem is king kobra 🐍 love to stay in mud house because it is very cool place to stay, like A.C. .

  • @fbgduval
    @fbgduval 9 місяців тому +1

    Im about to build one of these. Houses are too expensive rn and there’s plenty of mud in my area. Boutta get to work.

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  6 місяців тому

      Thats awesome to hear! Let us know how it goes.

  • @Justice126
    @Justice126 Рік тому +1

    Beautiful house. I am in the process of researching this mud house option but pretty much uncertain about its durability. How is this house doing after 1 year passes by?

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  6 місяців тому

      It has been 2 years now. And its actually doing well. Lessons learnt that the roof really needs to extend out atleast 2meters, to prevent damage from rain splatter.
      Also we do have some humidity issues inside the house. Thats cuz we dint put a waterproof liner on the ground when building.
      Overall things are good. Because of the cooling effect and inside being about 3-5 degrees cooler, we now use the house for keeping our rescued snakes.

  • @FunPaa
    @FunPaa 2 роки тому +2

    Hi isnt the concrete build too low for heavy monsoon area ? like in normal buildups with RCC pillars footing we have stone / brick foundation of 2.5 to 3 feet deep & 2 to 2.5 ft above ground in my area... and what is the binder in between mud bricks ?? mud paste - ratio and composition. For outer walls plastering what can we do to reduce the rain splatter ? apart than extending the roofs in all sides

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  2 роки тому +1

      Hi fundoofamily. Yes you're absolutely right. We've fugured out later that we should have gone deeper with the concrete bricks in the foundation. Its been one year, so its too early to tell issues, but rain. Is surely one of the issues. Having a concrete base outer "verandah" all around the house helps channel water in a specific direction.
      Mud paste ratio is 1:1 between mud and rice husk. Same as the bricks. Rain splatter will be an issue if your roof isnt long enough, but you can also add a seperate turpolin sheet, we use this to prevent sunlight hitting the wall and heating up the house.

  • @susandsilva1437
    @susandsilva1437 10 місяців тому

    Could you give me the actual design and dimensions with the costing for construction?

  • @mishtic8024
    @mishtic8024 2 роки тому

    Interested in rammed earth house construction...

  • @engr.ahmadwaseem9878
    @engr.ahmadwaseem9878 2 роки тому +2

    hey it's really an amazing video.. but sir I am researching the cost efficiency of mud houses related to their sustainable life span... there are lots of problems like quite a high percentage of 1:1 of rice husk that is highly decomposable material and also its invitation to termite and other insects attack. and also did you have any research about the engineering properties of soil that you are using in brick manufacturing like its water absorption, plastic, and shrinkage index or grain size distribution, etc ???.. your response is highly appreciated ...

    • @ascenthomestead4703
      @ascenthomestead4703 2 роки тому +1

      I am interested to construct this traditional mud house here in the Philippines. Our province - Bohol is wet throughout the year and termites are everywhere. What's you advice if I will apply this technology. Please share your thoughts on this.

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  2 роки тому +3

      Hi. We didnt do special research into this as this process has been used by the local architect for over a decade. Agreed that biodegradble material is there, but this is also why we had to use concrete to seal the bottom. What we should have done was to use lime to ensure no termites at all. Hope that helps

    • @engr.ahmadwaseem9878
      @engr.ahmadwaseem9878 2 роки тому +1

      @@ascenthomestead4703 sir, no doubt mud construction is very efficient in too swear weather conditions and sustainable and it has an example of perfectly sustained structures like Yemen towers.. but those all in hot and dried conditions... there is no clear research present about its life in wet conditions and mostly not recommended in wet and earthquake-prone regions.... for termite it's not a big issue you can do anti-termite treatment that is to cheap and reliable.

    • @fridahkithinji4371
      @fridahkithinji4371 11 місяців тому

      ​@@ascenthomestead4703 6h6h CFC cç

  • @Shlomayo
    @Shlomayo 2 роки тому +1

    Quick question: how did you do the interior flooring? I noticed you only poured concrete as a base for the walls, but not on the inside of tye house?

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  2 роки тому +1

      Hi shlomayo. Heres a link to that :)
      ua-cam.com/video/MmOm8VUjAZ8/v-deo.html

    • @Shlomayo
      @Shlomayo 2 роки тому

      @@OurLand Thank you ever so much!

  • @burhantv2986
    @burhantv2986 10 місяців тому

    I need your help

  • @jons8180
    @jons8180 2 роки тому +3

    Wow, you're in Thailand!!! What an amazing coincidence. I would love to learn more about building mud houses for a project in Myanmar. However, there is no rush, since the border is not opening anytime soon (certainly not in 2021) and Thailand remains in a state of semi-lockdown. However, once things settle down and restrictions are finally lifted, I'd love to come past your area.
    Pre-covid, I would often enter Myanmar by traveling through Kanchanaburi. Are you located near a. Muang, or closer to the actual border with Myanmar?

    • @VijoVarghese17
      @VijoVarghese17 2 роки тому

      Hey @jon S. We are only 28kms from the city center of kanchanaburi. Half way to erawan waterfall. Do come by once the border opens. :) And do stay safe

  • @killgazmotron
    @killgazmotron Рік тому +2

    idea on the house foundation, on not using concrete, use fired bricks. Which you can make yourself, outside of a factory.
    you can then use the ash to make a concrete yourself by submerging ash in water, letting it settle, skim the crud off the top of the water, pour the water out, pack the wet ash into balls, Refire those balls, crush them, then add sand. If you dont have sand you can crush brick really finely and use that.
    And bam, you got yourself some mortar for your bricks.
    Course you could also fire some limestone yourself, if you got it around.
    Also mix the cement you make with the dirt floor inside (with water, smooth out let it dry, etc etc) to give yourself a solid floor.
    You could also probably mortar with clay and then fire the foundation buy building a fire on it to seal them up and make them more water resistant. Havent seen it done but i dont see any reason it wouldn't work.

    • @killgazmotron
      @killgazmotron Рік тому

      I have also seen video of people firing mudbrick. So that might be sufficient enough to just fire what you got there.

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  Рік тому +1

      Wow thanks for those ideas. Super useful.

    • @yeemyint907
      @yeemyint907 Рік тому

      ​@@OurLand ú

  • @testingemail1471
    @testingemail1471 4 місяці тому

    Please upload a full house tour?

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  4 місяці тому

      It’s in our videos.. do check it out :)

  • @RanjiniGanesh
    @RanjiniGanesh Рік тому

    Which place is this house in? Good house

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  Рік тому

      Hi Ranjini. This house is built in Kanchanaburi, Thailand.

  • @amitdesai2421
    @amitdesai2421 2 роки тому

    Can we cut a doorway into a mud brick wall without falling it? We have mud brick wall which is 24 inches thick we want to open a doorway into it, please advise how to do it.

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  2 роки тому

      We wud advise against that. Unless you really have an expert who knows how to insert something that takes the weight of the wall above. Also an arch dooreay might be better that a rectangular one.

  • @amardancemania2032
    @amardancemania2032 3 роки тому +1

    Vry nice....total cost in mud house?

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  3 роки тому

      Hi. Total cost of the whole thing was about 170,000 thai bhat.

    • @amardancemania2032
      @amardancemania2032 3 роки тому

      @@OurLand ...but I m from India

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  3 роки тому

      So thats roughly about 3.2 lakhs :)

  • @ogaisi
    @ogaisi 2 роки тому

    Can the foundation be strong if done the way you did it? If the ground is very strong.

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  2 роки тому

      If you are on a hill (so water does not stagnate), and have no earthquakes ever then maybe. But would still.recommend 40cm or 2 bricks deep. We are only 1 brick deep. This will ensure longevity of the house.

    • @ogaisi
      @ogaisi 2 роки тому

      @@OurLand Ok cool, I want to build it in Nigeria. The area that I want to build it has very strong land with no earthquakes much, land is flat with no hills, but I will still like to lift the foundation up incase there is lots of rains, so that the rain will never get in the house, even though landscaping usually fixes those issues too.

  • @RanjiniGanesh
    @RanjiniGanesh Рік тому

    Where is this place ? Good house

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  6 місяців тому

      Www.ourlandthailand.com

  • @Prajaktashimpi
    @Prajaktashimpi Рік тому +1

    lime is good instead concrete

  • @Sagatiaej
    @Sagatiaej Рік тому +1

    But can I do this in Maine? Lots of snow…

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  Рік тому

      Thats a good question. You would have to consult cob experts in the US about that.

  • @harrydean5089
    @harrydean5089 2 роки тому

    Is it just more mud to stick the bricks together?

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  2 роки тому +2

      Mud and rice husk. Same mix as the bricks itself. 1:1 ratio.

    • @janiceok7578
      @janiceok7578 2 роки тому

      Mud house can stand on wet places? Like heavy rain ? Stormy places?

    • @sight1666
      @sight1666 Рік тому

      @@janiceok7578 yes, it can but just only if it has good foundation, roof, waterproof plaster and air flow in and out, slope rubble foundation help water can get away, and a high stem wall use rock or brick or concrete, anything can waterproof at the high 1,5 foot- 45cm, and big roof prevent rain attack the wall, and a gutter on roof if you like.
      The mud brick is just clay sand and fiber it'll melt down through time, and get soft if it get rain on it, you could put 10% quick lime CaO in when make mud brick, it'll make the brick harder and waterproof better.
      Hope my little experiment can help you.

  • @rajeshgowda9368
    @rajeshgowda9368 3 роки тому +2

    U would have use stones for foundation

  • @sunrises5774
    @sunrises5774 2 роки тому +6

    Base is not good... Floods, earthquake, flash floods.. This will bring it on ground.. Base should be always strong..

  • @ammey06
    @ammey06 3 роки тому

    Hello bro
    Which country

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  3 роки тому

      This is in thailand :)

    • @ammey06
      @ammey06 3 роки тому

      Very nice

  • @merchangdude1565
    @merchangdude1565 2 роки тому +1

    In Malaysia right now the temperature are too hot, make me think why lot of Malays built house with wood but not with mud because you know wood house is so hot even you have a fan in the house, maybe I can built small mud house for game and stream

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  2 роки тому +1

      Yes make sure you have lots of overhanging roof so no sunlight gets to the walls. That will help keep it cool!

  • @peterlawrence738
    @peterlawrence738 Рік тому

    No drainage at all!
    I don’t understand that

  • @MoneyMastery337
    @MoneyMastery337 10 місяців тому

    How much does it cost to build this mud house?

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  6 місяців тому

      Roughly about 200,000 thai bhat for the full completed version including the 2nd floor.

    • @MoneyMastery337
      @MoneyMastery337 6 місяців тому

      @OurLand, come over and build mine in Morocco?

  • @meenabora5916
    @meenabora5916 2 роки тому +2

    Today it becomes bussiness people made it costly

  • @dv9239
    @dv9239 3 роки тому +1

    Why not a stone base?

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  3 роки тому +2

      Good question! A little hard to work with, and also hard to find people who have the knowledge on how to place the rocks correctly. But yes ideally that would have been good. Next house... sure to be considered. Thanks for the pointer. :)

    • @dv9239
      @dv9239 3 роки тому

      @@OurLand well I'm building a cattle shed with cob guess I'll be using stone for basement
      Anyway good luck

  • @peterlawrence738
    @peterlawrence738 Рік тому

    And no moisture barrier either!

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  Рік тому

      Point noted. We learned from quite a few mistakes from this house. Surely will be a part of the next house. Thanks for pointing out. :)

  • @Nikolazyko
    @Nikolazyko 2 роки тому +1

    Please tell me the total cost of this project
    Please 😅

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  2 роки тому

      The total cost was 170,000 thai bhat

    • @Nikolazyko
      @Nikolazyko 2 роки тому

      @@OurLand
      Okkkk that's approx 3,82,000 indian rupees
      Thank you ❤️

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  2 роки тому +1

      Yeah the cost wud lower quite a bit if we had used wood frams for the roof and maybe a palm leaf thatched roof. But that also means we would have to maintain them and possibly rework them in the future.

  • @abdullahnizamani7266
    @abdullahnizamani7266 3 роки тому

    Other episodes?

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  3 роки тому

      Coming sooon. Stay tuned!

  • @66652
    @66652 2 роки тому

    India🇮🇳🙏

  • @thefartstarver35
    @thefartstarver35 Рік тому

    Are there any off grid communities I could stay at and learn how to make mud brick housing?

    • @OurLand
      @OurLand  Рік тому

      Yes several. Lookup Global EcoVillage Network

  • @andrewjackson244
    @andrewjackson244 4 місяці тому

    Carbon isn't a problem dude

  • @Jeffreymart
    @Jeffreymart 3 місяці тому

    2 :)

  • @harshpalbhati4398
    @harshpalbhati4398 2 роки тому

    Biggest problem with the mud house is a mouse/rates , How to prevent rat digging hole in house

    • @zamundaafrica4611
      @zamundaafrica4611 Рік тому +1

      Well I am based in Uganda and all most 80% of our village houses are mud made,NO CEMENT,NO NAILS IN THE WALLS AND IN SOME EXTREME CASES,NO IRON SHEET S.
      The case with mouse infestation is easy to deal with as long as you maintain hygiene,decluttering and cautious storage.
      Through experience,EDIBLE FOOD STUFFS are NEVER stored in the main house but either in the outside kitchen or granary(food store).
      For more information,you can go on my UA-cam Channel(Kwagala Foundation) and ask any question about SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
      Namskaram!

  • @unassailable6138
    @unassailable6138 2 роки тому

    Come on... Concrete footing? U should have used stones.

  • @RK-108.
    @RK-108. 3 роки тому +1

    Robin singh ?

  • @cdcopper3438
    @cdcopper3438 2 роки тому

    Isn't this what the citizens in the Middle East build their houses from?

  • @MayuraVarmaa
    @MayuraVarmaa 2 роки тому +1

    I subscribed but when I saw you putting concrete to base I unsubscribed

    • @VijoVarghese17
      @VijoVarghese17 2 роки тому

      Yessss fully agree. We just didnt have the knowledge from the local workers. The next is rock, as theres waste rock from a quarry near by. But it was definitely the part i like the least about the house. :(

  • @superpuppy7854
    @superpuppy7854 2 роки тому +3

    I'm sorry but your camera work is really bad. Super fast panning gives us no chance to look at the details. Don't do it.
    As soon as I saw the rising damp in the opening sequence I was sure you hadn't put in a damp proof course. The close up views of the initial layers suggests that is the case.
    A fatal error that means this building will have a very short life. Especially if the rainfall is as heavy as you say it is.
    It is possible to fit a DPC retrospectively if your careful and meticulous. I suggest you do so as a matter of urgency.
    Good luck.

    • @VijoVarghese17
      @VijoVarghese17 2 роки тому

      Hi super puppy. Super useful points. Thanks for the input. :) fortunately we withstood out first heavy rainy season by water rerouting with a bit of mud rerouting. But dampening issue was still an issue. DPC surely being considred.

    • @superpuppy7854
      @superpuppy7854 2 роки тому +3

      @@VijoVarghese17 Good luck.
      The basic technique is to cut a horizontal slot through the wall where the dpc goes. This should never be more than 1 meter at a time to avoid the wall collapsing.
      Then slide in a piece of dpc that long and ram in quite a dry mix of sand and cement. Pack it in there with a shaped stick or suitable tool.
      The mix must be a dry one to avoid it shrinking while going off.
      While that goes off, move to another wall and do the same. Work your way around the building and come back to your first piece. Now cut a slot next to it and insert another piece, being sure to overlap with the piece next to it.
      It takes patience but is worth it.
      I'm also a big fan of soak aways to direct the ground water away.
      There is an expression about mud brick / Adobe / cob houses:
      They last a thousand years if you give them good boots and a hat.
      Getting the foundation and roof right is critical.
      Good luck with it. 👍

  • @YouTubeAreCommunistScum
    @YouTubeAreCommunistScum 11 місяців тому

    I was expecting an expert on mud houses, a black man