Krebs Cylcle Trick How to remember krebs cycle FOREVER!!
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KREBS CYCLE (called after Hans Krebs) is a part of cellular respiration. Its other names are the citric acid cycle, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle).
It is the series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. It is important to many biochemical pathways. This suggests that it was one of the earliest parts of cellular metabolism to evolve.
The Krebs cycle comes after the link reaction and provides the hydrogen and electrons needed for the electron transport chain. It takes place inside mitochondria.
The TCA cycle plays a central role in the breakdown, or catabolism, of organic fuel molecules-i.e., glucose and some other sugars, fatty acids, and some amino acids. Before these rather large molecules can enter the TCA cycle they must be degraded into a two-carbon compound called acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). Once fed into the TCA cycle, acetyl CoA is converted into carbon dioxide and energy.
The TCA cycle consists of eight steps catalyzed by eight different enzymes (see Figure). The cycle is initiated when acetyl CoA reacts with the compound oxaloacetate to form citrate and to release coenzyme A (CoA-SH). Then, in a succession of reactions, (2) citrate is rearranged to form isocitrate; isocitrate loses a molecule of carbon dioxide and then undergoes oxidation to form alpha-ketoglutarate; alpha-ketoglutarate loses a molecule of carbon dioxide and is oxidized to form succinyl CoA; succinyl CoA is enzymatically converted to succinate; succinate is oxidized to fumarate; fumarate is hydrated to produce malate; and, to end the cycle, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate. Each complete turn of the cycle results in the regeneration of oxaloacetate and the formation of two molecules of carbon dioxide.
Energy is produced in a number of steps in this cycle of reactions. In step 5, one molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that powers most cellular functions, is produced. Most of the energy obtained from the TCA cycle, however, is captured by the compounds nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and converted later to ATP. Energy transfers occur through the relay of electrons from one substance to another, a process carried out through the chemical reactions known as oxidation and reduction, or redox reactions. (Oxidation involves the loss of electrons from a substance and reduction the addition of electrons.) For each turn of the TCA cycle, three molecules of NAD+ are reduced to NADH and one molecule of FAD is reduced to FADH2. These molecules then transfer their energy to the electron transport chain, a pathway that is part of the third stage of cellular respiration. The electron transport chain in turn releases energy so that it can be converted to ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
The German-born British biochemist Sir Hans Adolf Krebs proposed this cycle, which he called the citric acid cycle, in 1937. For his work he received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Although Krebs elucidated most of the reactions in this pathway, there were some gaps in his design. The discovery of coenzyme A in 1945 by Fritz Lipmann and Nathan Kaplan allowed researchers to work out the cycle of reactions as it is known today.
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This same thing happened with me and my teacher refused to explain it to me 😢
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This was me for months!! I even hated the fact that I spent money on my textbook coz I rarely used it
Really
7 minutes of your video explained this better than a textbook, a PowerPoint, and a 90 min lecture on the subject. Thank you SO much!
good stuff!
Also note: if you compare the two mnemonics side-by-side and skip Aconitase, every enzyme lines up with the intermediate it is named for.
C | S : Citrate Synthase
_ | A : Aconitase
I | D, : Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
K | D : alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
S | S : Succinyl CoA Synthase
S | D : Succinate Dehydrogenase
F | F : Fumarase
M, | D! : Malate Dehydrogenase
O? | _ :
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watched this video for my IB exams 2 years ago now I'm back from my biochem lectures and you just never seem to fail in explaining this so simply!!!!
The use of mnemonic aids is very helpful. Dr. Krebs has always been one of my Science heroes. I'll recommend your video to students. Thanks.
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The enzyme that converts succinyl-CoA to succinate is succinyl-CoA synthetase, not succinyl-CoA synthase. Synthetase means that ATP is generated
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I just realised that I can actually learn Kreb's cycle. I had already given up
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Have managed to write a citric cycle today, thankyou so much for your simple teaching
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I just started my MSc and we're first covering the basic principles of biology, I saw the Krebs cycle and immediately came here for a recap. Text books always complicate key concepts!
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♥
Awesome, I'm so glad you found it helpful! Thanks for watching!
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did help a lot. i have my final exam tomorrow i hope i remember this
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Have a big exam in a few weeks.
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