True Facts: Frogs That Hide Their Blood
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- Опубліковано 28 лис 2023
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SHOULD BE INDEX OF REFRACTION NOT REFRACTORY INDEX!!!! SORRY!
Thanks to:
Dr Paul S. Hamilton, The Biodiversity Group
Dr Andrés Concha, Adolfo Ibañez University
Dr Carlos Taboada, Vanderbilt University
Dr Junjie Yao, Duke University
Dr John G. Capano, Brown University
J. Monge-Najera
Citations
Baer, A. & De Sena Oliveira, Ivo & Steinhagen, Max & Beck-Sickinger, Annette & Mayer, Georg. (2014). Slime protein profiling: a non-invasive tool for species identification in Onychophora (velvet worms). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 52. 265-272.
Baer A, Mayer G. Comparative anatomy of slime glands in onychophora (velvet worms). J Morphol. 2012 Oct;273(10):1079-88. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20044. Epub 2012 Jun 18. PMID: 22707384.
Baer A, Schmidt S, Haensch S, Eder M, Mayer G, Harrington MJ. Mechanoresponsive lipid-protein nanoglobules facilitate reversible fibre formation in velvet worm slime. Nat Commun. 2017 Oct 17;8(1):974. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01142-x.
Bagge LE, Kinsey ST, Gladman J, Johnsen S. Transparent anemone shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) become opaque after exercise and physiological stress in correlation with increased hemolymph perfusion. J Exp Biol. 2017 Nov 15;220(Pt 22):4225-4233. doi: 10.1242/jeb.162362.
Capano JG, Boback SM, Weller HI, Cieri RL, Zwemer CF, Brainerd EL. Modular lung ventilation in Boa constrictor. J Exp Biol. 2022 Mar 15;225(6):jeb243119. doi: 10.1242/jeb.243119.
Concha A, Mellado P, Morera-Brenes B, Sampaio Costa C, Mahadevan L, Monge-Nájera J. Oscillation of the velvet worm slime jet by passive hydrodynamic instability. Nat Commun. 2015 Mar 17;6:6292. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7292.
Müller M, de Sena Oliveira I, Allner S, Ferstl S, Bidola P, Mechlem K, Fehringer A, Hehn L, Dierolf M, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Hammel JU, Jahn H, Mayer G, Pfeiffer F. Myoanatomy of the velvet worm leg revealed by laboratory-based nanofocus X-ray source tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Nov 21;114(47):12378-12383. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1710742114.
Pomerantz AF, Siddique RH, Cash EI, Kishi Y, Pinna C, Hammar K, Gomez D, Elias M, Patel NH. Developmental, cellular and biochemical basis of transparency in clearwing butterflies. J Exp Biol. 2021 May 15;224(10):jeb237917. doi: 10.1242/jeb.237917.
Taboada C, Delia J, Chen M, Ma C, Peng X, Zhu X, Jiang L, Vu T, Zhou Q, Yao J, O'Connell L, Johnsen S. Glassfrogs conceal blood in their liver to maintain transparency. Science. 2022 Dec 23;378(6626):1315-1320. doi: 10.1126/science.abl6620. - Домашні улюбленці та дикі тварини
Go to brilliant.org/zefrank to get a 30-day free trial + the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription!!
I still think you should do a Creepy Dave short on the CHAMELEON...
🥱 really greatvideo
@paulosborne6517 the kam a lay on you mist mean...
From 'Frank fan to another.
Hello
@@samnelson2343 You mean the Creamymalone..? or the Chlamidyalion?
Lovely....thank you as ever...
"The glass shark here which si almost impossible to see because it's b*llsh*t and I just made it up." This is why we all like ZeFrank so much.
I wonder if that was a MBMBaM reference
That's not how censorship works. Why would you censor the U in bull, it's not even a swear word, meanwhile shit is woefully undercensored
@@TheRealBatabii It's just to trick the censorship AI.
@@AmphibiousGentleman I was hoping someone else would remember that Justin bit.
“He glass shark! He make you a snack, he eat your brother!”
"Put on a blindfold, and try to miss... you'll still end up kicking a snake in the nuts." Completely lost it on that one, Ze, thank you for the well needed laugh.
Glass shark was pretty good too
Agree
😂
@@Freudlundglass shark does luf da fah kid
@@MrGochira he out deyuh in dat DEEP wawduh, dat DARK wawduh
"It stores the slime in the reservoir, which is French for reservoir" I laughed out loud at that one. Just a brilliant delivery.
I almost spit my soup on the phone screen at least twice 😂
I'm glad it's not just me who has a completely messed up sense of humor. I've been laughing for like 4min
I started laughing when he said reservoir in the French accent in the next section hahaha
Always a pleasure watching your content.
Best
Nice
👍🏻
👍
Nich
Really appreciate the citations. I always thought more educational content creators should do this to help students who watch them for a summary on their topics of interest.
i second this. i appreciate this channel in particular for that
This is certainly helpful. At the very least referencing those papers makes for a better introductory paragraph than "So I saw this video about how Spider Man would be able to squirt his bodily fluids all over the place and this motivated me to further investigate the specifics of that process."
As an archaeologist on TikTok I follow would always say, "CITE YOUR SOURCES!"
Edit, a word
“It was revealed to me in a dream”
-source: my ass
Some "education" channel aren't in it to be correct or share real content. But even so they still should do citations.
I'm going to be late for work now thanks!
Get ur ass to work
Yoooo same!
I'm just extending my break lol
Worth it.
What? Why? Just watch this later 😅
Part of how snakes breathe despite swallowing something the size of their heads is the fact they don't have a fixed skull like we do. They have a "kinetic" skull that's held together with ligaments and allows them to move different segments of their jaw independently. Which further allows them to move around a breathing tube at the base of their mouth called a glottis.
If Clint from Clint's Reptiles ever sees this, thanks for the knowledge!
EDIT: typos
Clint's channel rules!
I was always aware of the glottis and figured this was how most snakes got past the breathing issue. I'm a bit surprised ZeFrank didn't add that in.
Personally pictured a human woman and wondered.....thanks for the insight! lol....
Hehe, glottis sounds like an old-timey woman's name.
@@Kyle-vg2io And also a demon car mechanic from a point-and-click game set in a Mexican mythology-inspired limbo.
“Put on a blindfold and try to miss, you’d still kick a snake in the nuts” made laugh way harder than I should have
Ze Frank, you have taught me so much I didn't even know I wanted to know. I've never thought about how a constrictor breathes while it's constricting but there you have it. 🤯
I have! While at a zoo presentation the rosy-tail boa I was holding got nervous while wrapped around my lower arm. My hand went numb while he calmed down, sighing and relaxing little by little. SO cool!
@@primmoore6232 whoa cool. 😮
Probably because if one were to ever constrict you, the last thing you're worried about is, "How does this snake breath while it's killing me?"
@@gotdangedcommiesitellyahwa6298 Oh couldn't be me, I do not exist "things that will eat me" adjacent. 👍🏿
I never thought about where a boa constrictor's testicles are!
The glass shark is my new greatest fear, thank you, Frank.
At least it's only found in the ocean, unlike the glass bear.
@@ianmacfarlane1241
Gotta watch those glass bears. They like to hibernate in sleeping bags!
Dont worry, the glass bears will only eat your car's windows. You're safe. Sharks on other hand...
"they've been evolving just as long as the rest of us, but at first glance might not look like they've been using that time all that effectively". This line made me smile. Brilliant way to put it.
Re: anesthetized vs. sleeping - You can also see a difference in heart rate in snakes that "play dead". When they pretend to be dead, they drastically slow down their heart rate. You'll know when they're getting anesthetized because their heart rate will actually SPEED UP as they get sleepier. Quite cool!
Hognose snakes are the best ❤ Nature's best drama queens.
Spidey's webs dissolve over time but it's different in different comic runs and movies. Usually breaks down in a few hours to a day
There you are!
I was wondering how far down it would be before someone said this!
If this wasn't here, I was going to do my own "Um, actually," post.
I came to comment this, also.
Which is strange considering actual spider web lasts for ages. I like the organic web shooter version of the power set but following that rule would be one of the more problematic follow-throughs of that.
FYI: Spiderman isn't real. His fictional webs can last as long as anybody wants or not at all.
I've always loved velvet worms. Thanks for covering them.
For me it's Velvet Worms & Hammerhead Worms.
Thank them for covering you too, in velvet worm slime.
It's great he noted that Velvet Worms have continued to evolve since diverging from the arthropods, despite their anacronistic appearance. All too often people just look at the external appearance of organisms (which may closely resemble their ancient ancestors if their environment has remained stable) & judge them to be primitive.
Covering them... in slime? 😜
I think it's cool how they live in complex family groups and hunt in packs.
I can’t put how much these videos mean to me into words. I was having a crappy day and was in a very bad mood…. This video actually made me laugh and I am still smiling. I love Ze more and more with every new video he does…if I could, I would have him do a funny eulogy at my funeral party…..
He could do every funeral! They would turn into something to look forward too 😂
Dang, what a great idea. Maybe he can set up a Cameo account and we can all make that reservation in advance. Sounds morbid? Then you don't know Ze! It would be the best funeral service ever.
Omg he'd give the best eulogies ever 😂
Agreed, True Facts is a happy place for me. I can't help but feel better after watching it. I'm so glad he brought the series back!
Spider-man's webs dissolved after a few hours, it's a plot point in multiple comics when spider-man impersonators use webbing that doesn't disappear over time.
An enjoyable fact thanks!
Oh man I habent thought about shaveing cream can modification since grade school, on halloween! Good times! Any one who doesnt know what hes talking about, you take a cane of shaving cream, a sfety pin and a lighter, open up the safety pin, heat the sharp half with the lighter and poke a hole straight into the shaving cream nozzle and you now have a shaving cream cannon! I haven't thought of that in decades! Thanks Ze! 😂
Thank you. I had to replay that part several times and turn captions on, and I still didn’t know what Ze meant.
Everyone thinks about how cool it would be to have super powers like these, but no one ever thinks about the extraordinary evelution and buomechanics required to make them work. Except Ze Frank. These were all fascinating to learn in his trademark manner, and with so many other incredible animal super powers, I hope we get a part 2.
I hope so too.
++
I think you and Casual Geographic would be great friends. Y'all are both so funny and educational.
And Lindsey!
Yes! WATOP also. The addition of humor makes learning fun and, I think, increases the likelihood of retention. No one makes me laugh and learn like Ze though!!
I was thinking Ze Frank and Mike Rowe from “Dirty Jobs”. Not a single subject would be safe, and the hysterics would run rampant! 🤣🤣
@@sarafleming9893 OMG Yes!! Mike Rowe has a podcast. Him having Ze Frank on as a guest would be amazing!! I’m going to comment on the podcast site. I don’t know if he or his team will see it but worth a chance!
I remember a while ago Casual Geographic posted somewhere “why did no one tell me about ZeFrank? His videos are amazing,” and I replied “dude, that’s on you. I assumed you already watched his stuff.”
Anesthesized frogs not having the same blood configuration has profound implications on our modern surgical procedures.
Well yeah. We don't actually sleep while under anesthesia. Found that out while trying to find some sleep remedies.
Yes, I went that far.
Came here to learn about animal super powers, as a bonus learned the French word for reservoir. Unbelievable that you’re just giving this knowledge away for free 🤯
"the Glass Shark here is nearly impossible to see"
😂 zefrank is zebest
1:05 i totally didnt get confused by other comedic animal documentarian channels and wasn't deadass looking for a ghost shark
I was staring very hard at the screen looking for the glass shark! Thanks for making me spit coffee all over my phone and my dog😂
A new Ze Frank video is like having an early Christmas every few months. It’s beautiful
Whenever a new one pops up, it brings a smile to my face before I even click play. Narrator seems to have given up on keeping Jerry from misbehaving. Didn't even scold him for the unnecessary shot of translucent frog humping.
What are you talking about, it's a totally necessary demonstration of how the translucency helps even if you stack the frogs! 😅
i work down the hall from Dr. Yao at Duke, pretty surreal moment to see one of my favorite UA-camrs mention the work of someone i see regularly. Really helps ground myself into my work and give myself a pat on the back.
5:16 favorite line out of all the videos he's made
_Peripatus_ (velvet worms) are the cutest ever despite all that squirty slime! Love their little velvety legs. Nature is incredible! Which superpower would you have?
I’d have to go with invisibility, but the comic book sort, not the less-than-actually-invisible sort of ‘invisibility’ that reality cooks up. As always, reality is disappointing.
@@ChaosMagnet there's a reason all those translucent creatures have things like not translucent eyes, because if your eyes were invisible, you'd be blind, because they require light to hit them. All those comic book characters who can turn invisible should be blind
I think the squirty slime makes them cuter personally. Those papillae look like tiny arm nubs shooting double silk guns. XDDDD
"Which superpower would you have?" Staggered nuts. Because come on... *staggered nuts* !
Cute for you and me, not so cute for their prey! They are efficient predators on other small invertebrates.
"Being an adult is basically improv, and not the funny kind" that's where the trauma comes in, bud 👉😎👉
0:55: The Glass Shark...
I wonder if you know how much your videos help my nervous system to calm down and let go of all the insane stress & worries we live with now. I’m sure I’m not alone.
They mean a great deal. After I watch one of your videos, it’s like a reset, & I go into a relaxed mode. Thx so much for continuing to do these.
If Ze Frank taught school, everyone would want to learn. Even learn the telephone book.
His videos are the only ones I watch through commercials lol
omg, i would have aced science! this series is knocking it out of the park. educational, no irritating voice over, FUNNY! would love to watch a profile of something every day.
I woke up sick and in a bad mood. Your glass shark make me smile. You're a true master, Ze, and not that of a bater.
You might be a master debater, but I am a cunning linguist!
Ok, velvet worms are adorable! Those bouncy legs, lol. Also, the sound effect when discussing how Spidey's webs would be killed me!
Awesome video, as always! As a snake-lover, that part was particularly interesting. Thank you for the information!
I’m so happy to learn really fascinating scientific things with a hysterical twist. ✌🏼💖
Hysterical comes from the medical Latin word hystericus, which described a female neurotic condition, thought to be caused by a dysfunction of the uterus. Hysterical is still used today by psychiatrists, though in a broader way, to describe someone suffering from a psychological stress condition.
"They don't tell you what the webs in Spider-Man do."
As a matter of fact, they do. The webbing is biodegradable and breaks down over 24 hours.
If only Spider-Man had come out a decade or two earlier. It'd be radium infused polyester.
Ok, look. The second you said "glass shark" I paused to try and see it. Since I couldn't make out immediately. I spent about 30 seconds to just under a minute trying to discern something. I could not. I went "dang, I've never heard of a glass shark before but that's wild how well it blends in" then I unpaused it and you immediately made me see that I was a fool. Well done.
I think an underrated part of Ze Frank's wonderful videos is the way he says "water". It is very pleasing to me
Invisibility, constriction, and slime turrets are only some of the amazing superpowers found in nature.
Maybe I do have superpowers...?
If not being able to poop for 5 days was a superpower, I could definitely have my own long running Netflix series that nobody wants to watch.
Constriction of prey actually stops the blood flow, causing a quicker death than merely suffocating would. I definitely have a reptile dysfunction 😂 Love reptiles, amphibians and their ilk.
Ze's superpowers include making his listeners blow coffee out their noses.
I loved the finished product, enjoyed seeing the development of the video
I just realized that i never get bored of the same background music that is in every one of these videos. in fact after years of being a fan this is the first time i noticed.
3:33 No, that's what the deal SHOULD be with superpowers. To keep things interesting a still somewhat grounded in reality.
YES MORE ZE FRANK!!!! Just what I needed after being sick all week, thank you Ze Frank for your incredible videos!
damn youve been sick all week to? lol
Make that three! It sucks
also been sick this week! 😓
same here.
Yooo same here, just recovering from ye olde virus
Can you do the Immortal Jellyfish? It would be really funny to hear "and the circle of life continues" for an immortal creature.
I'd like it if he did one and clarified how misleading it is to call them immortal. After all, when they revert to the stage where they bud off into new medusa, which one (if any) can you say is still the original jellyfish?
@@RyodracoThe Mauler Twins from the Invincible comics/show would like that clarified as well. 😂
05:37 For future reference, blacking out is losing memory of what happened while you were conscious and aware. Passing out is losing consciousness.
Zefranks the type of Dad to tell his kid to find a glass hammershark, bucket of steamfish and some uncommon sense
6:33 You know, usually content creators are trying to prevent yawning 😂 Well played sir, well played.
Made you yawn mufukka
It's interesting that _Daphnia_ reduce the ability of others to see them by reducing their own ability to see. Cool!
Also _Peripatus_ (velvet worms) are the cutest ever despite all that squirty slime! Love their little velvety legs. Isn't nature diverse and incredible?
eyeballs, yo!
If I can't see you, you can't see me!
@@TheRealSkeletor if only... I would love to be able to become invisible just by closing my eyes
This is undeniably one of the best channels on UA-cam, and my only complaint with it is that the videos aren't long enough. Thank you for all of the laughs, Ze Frank, and I'm looking forward to many, many more.
I’m always happy to see one of these videos has popped up, never disappointing and very rewatchable. I share them a lot on Facebook where my friends who are bored go to look to see what I’ve been posting, apparently watching cool stuff and sharing makes me cool, this is my superpower.
Thank you Frank, you never fail to generate a laugh and a smile, even if it is only a fleeting joy.❤
Getting notification that there is a new zefrank video is like getting a Christmas present as a child
Absolutely love your videos! It's always the perfect mix of entertaining and educational.
New videos got me like . . jumping in my seat, doing a lil cheer, giving a lil shout and smiling from ear to ear 🙃
This was a fantastic and engaging dive into the art of animal invisibility and the science behind it! You have a real knack for making learning fun with your humor and unique style of presenting information. This episode left me wanting to learn more.
Is it just me or has Jerry been largely absent lately?
Maybe they had a quarrel? 😢
Maybe Jerry's on vacation?
Jerry got eaten by that glass shark
I was wondering where's Jerry too!!
This is what I was looking for. I miss Jerry.
Glad I’m not the only one that misses him. 😭❤️
The glass shark is my new favourite animal
I think this has taken over as my favorite video in this series. Loved it!
Your sense of humor and style never gets old for me. Thanks for another amazing video
The velvet worm slime appears to have a viscosity that makes it swing around it’s target like a bolo. Amazing!
Indeed, it is a viscoelastic material.
I didnt yawn in spite, thanks for the amazing content mr frank. Been watching you since early highschool, 24 now... still loving it lmao
I tried to do the same, but tragically lost the battle 5 seconds later, thanks for stepping up to the plate.
Velvet worms are my new favourite insect, thank you Ze Frank!
One of all time favorite content creators! You make me laugh so much. Really needed that. Thank you! ❤
I was focused really hard trying to spot the glass shark 😅
Please do birds of paradise! They have some great dance moves and mating rituals. I'm sure you'll be able to come up with lots of innuendos!
I've been watching since you taught us all to dance properly. I'm so glad you've been a part of our lives for so long. Keep up the good work Ze!
I'm only halfway through so far and loving it! Ze Frank is a gift to the world
Think about how angry you would have to be in order to sacrifice your life to cause somebody moderate discomfort for 30 minutes. This is what bees do on the daily
I just got a bunny as a pet and would love to see an episode on bunnies or rodents in general. I love the content
Bunnies are oddly fascinating aren't they? I have a couple of buns and they're surprisingly smart and expressive. I prefer bunny watching over bird watching haha
Bunny rabbits are actually lagomorphs and not rodents! One of the main differences is in their teeth. Rabbits have one more pair of upper incisors than rodents, called peg teeth.
@@slwrabbitsThey didn't say they were rodents. They said Bunnies OR rodents.
@@ukmedicfrcs They said, "... bunnies or rodents _in general."_
The "in general" modifier implies that bunnies are a specific type of rodent.
@@johnopalko5223 No, they said rodents in general after the word bunnies. Meaning do a video on rabbits OR any rodent in general.
One of my new favorite episodes! Been watching since 2017, amazing to see the growth
The velvet worm has always been one of the most interesting creatures of its kind. Cool video, the "bleblebleblebleh" at the end killed me
Tangent inspired by the transparent shrimp: There's a character in the Please Don't Tell My Parents series, who frontlines in Please Don't Tell My Parents I'm a Giant Monster, named Mirabelle. Part of her superpower is that she is made of transparent glass, like breakable glass. She can only eat things that are clear, yet can get nourishment from seemingly anything of the sort she eats (diamonds are like candy to her, quartz and gelatin are pretty standard fare for her, afaik there's no mention of her trying vodka but then again she's like 14 or something). It felt implied to me that some of her internal organs might be visible if she stripped down, but she's always conservatively dressed so that's speculative. Her other superpower is she can repair things, which comes in handy as she regularly breaks or suffers microfractures she needs to repair within herself, and this can also help sometimes with healing people albeit it doesn't work well on disease as it tends to reassemble dead viruses and such.
Yes, I love that series and it's running theme of accidental, unwilling antivillains lol
whatever weeb
Thank you so very much for the education and the laughs. I needed a good laugh today, saw your video was up and as always you were right on target unlike the worm with the "garden hose" that needs a clean-up on aisle 3.
Please never stop making these, zefrank!! ❤
You have no idea how much I enjoy watching your videos, as someone who loves biology and how things work in living organisms, it’s such a treat
1:52 THIS IS MY FAVOURITE BUTTERFLY! I LOVE IT! It's like a stain glass window.🥃💸🧈🪰
Glass shark!!! McElroy Brothers reference!!!
I always loved superpowers videos about animals. Especially when Ze makes them
Amazing video. Love your renaissance. These videos are always so fun!
You got me so good with the glass shark! Lol. I got close to the screen trying to see it then laughed and cursed your name with much love and gusto.
Thank you for everything you do you always give us amazing content. Keep up the good
The glass shark. Too funny.
I actually brought my phone closer to see it before he said he made it up 😂😂
@@ReiseLukas You're not the only one.
These videos are so fun man. They always brighten up my day.
I can't tell you how much I love watching your videos.
Thanks buddy!
Glass Shark = new phobia unlocked! 🦈 👀
😂
Awesome! This was one of my favorites of all the animal videos. Cracked me up so bad! Thanks Frank!
The joys of binging these, thank you!
Thank you for another interesting and informative video. Nothing makes my day like a Ze Frank production, a true master of his craft. The research and thoughtfulness put into each episode is most appreciated! It really makes learning fun at any age. Thank you very much!!
We got a lil Creepy Dave in this episode talking about Slime Cannons.
Had I had a teacher like this guy (funny) growing up may have actually wanted to learn.
AGAIN! What an amazing video ZeFrank... You are one of my top 2 YT channels. Always hyped to see a new video!
Coming home from work surprise of my life!! This is gonna cap off my night nicely. I learn so much from your videos and it gives me more apperciation for the world around me, and the animals and such that inhabit it!
Ze Frank's superpower is to be creepy, awkward, and awesome, all at the same time!
Hey Frank, glad you've been uploading more lately!! Its been really nice!
So good, keep ‘em coming Ze!
Learning from you is always such a treat, thank you!!
Trust me, every older man knows about floppy power
Glass sharks sound absolutely terrifying. Sharknado makers, take note!
Whoa, I thought the clear patches on glass butterflies were scaleless! Thanks as always for teaching me something new!