The Discovery of Insulin - Free-for-all - Medical History - Extra History - Part 2
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- Опубліковано 8 лип 2024
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May 3rd, 1922. Washington, D.C. Dr. James Macleod stands before the annual meeting of the Association of Physicians, presenting a paper that makes public the findings of their study on insulin. Surely this is a win for the research team responsible? Maybe not, as Banting seems to have a different view of the situation.
Follow John James Rikard Macleod, Frederick Banting, Charles Best, and James Collip in the discovery of insulin, a miracle cure!
Part One - The Miracle: • The Discovery of Insul...
Part Two- Free for All: • The Discovery of Insul...
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by: Tiffany Roman
#ExtraHistory #Insulin #MedicalHistory
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Guys - pls confirm childhood obesity that is preventable is type 2 - most childhood diabetes is type 1 and therefore absolutely not preventable. We can’t help our bodies hate our pancreas!
Please talk about the Kongo Kingdom and Merina Kingdom one day
If I didn’t could I fly there (hypothetical)
Just search Nicolae Paulescu, he discovered it first, but did not isolated it first :)
I love how, despite they wanting to kill each other for the credit of their work, they still defended the idea that everyone should be able to get the insulin. That says a lot about them.
I hate capitalism
This is just a good illustration of the difference between being petty and being greedy.
@@adamharrold407 why?
@@WapitalismandWreedom and dont you dare call me lazy, the fact that i am proficient enough in english prove to you that i worked my ass. Thas one of those people who supported capitalism say. You dont work hard enough. I dont work hard enough your foot.
@@adamharrold407 I just asked why you hate capitalism.... still wondering tbh
Non-academics in comments: "How could such talented and brilliant scientists be so petty?"
Academics in comments: "Yeah this is pretty much an average week in my department"
lmao
"Publish or Perish"
This is why I can’t be a scientist
I’d probably “accidentally” pour hydrochloric acid on a rival’s head
Academics is extremely cutthroat
This is why I kinda want to get out of academia before I get too deep, but I hate the idea of private sector employment even more. Cutthroat politics just ain't for me, but research is.
This particular series of episodes is a great illustration of how scientific breakthroughs are not the result of some singular Herculian figure, but the fruit of collaboration and co-operation.
Edit: Wow, I was not expecting this many likes. Thanks!
We stand on the shoulders of giants
Yes!!!!
@@MrAlexs888 Every. Last. One.
Sadly, I feel that what happened with the Nobel illustrates how and why we tend to disregard collective efforts in science: the paper credited all who took part in the experiment (specifically Collip and Best) and they got snubbed by the Nobel Comitee anyway
and lots of egos and infighting
"If they give my chair to that SOB Best I'll roll over in my grave" - said Banting, before dying and giving up the chair to Best
*Insert Palpatine*
So Banting boarded a flight, told a friend the chair quote then the plane crashes killing everyone on board but the pilot. Who is this "friend" and how was he able to pass on this story? I call bullsh*t on that story.
@@silverjohn6037 My thoughts exactly
@@silverjohn6037 the pilot survived. Could have overheard it if it was a smaller plane.
@@silverjohn6037 the friend wasn't aboard the plane i the first place
@@silverjohn6037 I think Banting said the quote before he got on the plane. Not everything is a damn conspiracy.
Banting’s plane crashed at Musgrave Harbour, Newfoundland. Theres a campground/museum there named after him.
Can you imagine if we'd had the Creative Commons, MIT, Apache, and other "public but still copyrighted" agreements at that time. Like ones that require later contributors to also adopt the "public" licensing. Or if we didn't have a For-Profit Prolong Suffering Industry in America.
I hate capitalism
@@adamharrold407 Capitalism isn't inherently bad.
Capitalism is bad on its own. A society should have a strong central government while also encouraging capitalistic ideals.
The most successful societies have a balance of capitalism and socialism
@@SilentForrest true.
but a lot of people want a small government intervention.
A few months ago I heard a story about scientists who were trying to develop a method for diabetics to make their own insulin at home instead of paying the outrageous price of buying insulin. Hopefully they will be successful and we can add another great advancement to medical history.
sounds great
Making the insulin is fine, it’s the deliver mechanism that really costs a lot (technically). I think the better problem to solve is helping people get access to cheap delivery mechanisms.
Open Insulin. Nice idea, but not really viable in practice - manufacturing a biologic to a clinicly safe level of purity, and doing so consistently, is not something you can do in a home lab. The equipment and staffing for even a small factory will set you back a few million - and then as much again in legal experts and regulatory compliance fees before you have any chance of selling it. And if it does take off, you'll have to face the wrath of the established powers - they wouldn't take such a threat lying down, and soon armies of lobbyists will be heading to the FDA to explain how your open insulin factory is a danger to public health.
Insulin is only outrageously priced in the US, not Canada or much of the rest of the world. (in the us it's about $300 per month. In Canada it is $22 to $30 per month). For Canadians who are too poor to afford Insulin or other drugs that are classified as life saving, we have programs that help cover as much as 80% of the cost, so even the poor only have to shell out maybe $5 a month or so. The US doesn't put price caps on life saving drugs, that is why it is more than 10x as much in the US than here (and also why many Americans try to buy insulin here whenever possible)
Or maybe America changes it's system and stops fucking it's citizens 🙃
As a life long type-1 diabetic who has seen advances from taking 2 types of insulin and have little flexibility in my life, all the way to being on a closed loop Constant Glucose Monitor and an insulin pump that communicate through my smartphone and dynamically adjust my insulin rate based on my current glucose levels, I just want to say thank you.
I learned a lot I didnt know about the discovery of insulin, and I'm especially thankful you bring up the legal loophole that has allowed companies to make mind-boggling amounts of profit off a medication that is required for people to live.
I hope CGM become more affordable/with longer duration in the coming years, than the 14 days I’ve seen recently, as fingerpricking can be inconsistent for me to get enough blood for single day test strips.
It’s not an essential tool in my case, but much as this episode articulates, greater interest leads to greater research and then more widespread use of each new diabetic technology, so it should only be a matter of time.
Hope you’ll be ok 👍🏻
@@osurpless You might have an issue with your blod low then. Try using the ear lopes or beneath the nail on the backside of the finger. More accesible blod.
I had no idea modern insulin pumps could do that! It's amazing
yeah all 4 would probably be disappointed with what their discovery has become.
There is a torch by Banting's house here in town that is to stay lit until a cure for diabetes is found.
That brings a tears to my eyes
The rod with two snakes is a caduceus, a symbol of commerce; one snake is the rod of Asclepius, a symbol of medicine. Although given the nature of capitalist health complexes, it’s probably fine.
I think this confusion is only displayed in the US, where some medical services have been using it since the early 20th century, possibly because they confused the two symbols, and thus over time the public just accepted this wrong symbol to be associated with medical services.
Yes, but the caduceus has been associated with medical care for quite sometime, many times things change meaning.
And that, is what we call foreshadowing
The caduceus is the perfect symbol for the US pharmaceutical industry who have far more in common with fairground snake oil salesmen than medics.
@@MTTT1234 ya sure it's not because you know, american health care
3:54 Even as an American, I felt a little pang of sadness when the Canadians, who had been working so hard and so long, realized that the only way to move forward was to bring the Americans in on it
To be fair, your country has nine times our population. This means that more specialized companies exist. The downside is what is known as the Brain Drain (see the Avro Arrow for the greatest example of the 20th century).
We glubby Americans, eh?
The armless art style normally isn’t that noticeable but without an arm to inject the insulin into suddenly it’s very noticeable.
What's the saddest thing about the drama and tribulation in this video, it's basically a huge metaphor for Diabetes. No matter if you find a cure and can manage it, you still have to deal with the problems around it and how it's not curable (at the moment) more so for type 1 victims myself included.
I only have 2 things to say:
1: It's so sad that the Health Care in America is so expensive people would rather flee from ambulances than to get treatment
2: I am so grateful to live in Europe
F*** the pharma companies
I wish I didn't live in America, but I'm too poor and have no idea where I'd go.
because freeDUMB!! baby!
@@DracoMagnius i hear of young americans trying to marry euros/brits to escape the usa....
that's something you only think about for third world countries, marrying for a visa.
That’s the American Dream Dude.
Crippling rent, piss wages, expensive healthcare and a lot of other problems, thanks to something only one step away from laze faire capitalism.
I would rather kill myself before moving to the US
Fascinating bit of history here. So glad that, in spite of the clear desire for the accolades and fame, they did their best to make sure it would be as accessible as possible to the patients who desperately needed it. A pity the medical industry at large doesn't follow suit.
A pity the American* medical industry at large doesn’t follow suit.
Do remember that one of them got beaten over such a monetization idea before abandoning it 😅
Check last episode
@@jesenjin8467 A retired army doctor: I can break every bone in your body while naming them.
I like how Best is the only one not arguing, I can image him as the voice of reason trying to keep the team together.
he was showing to be the "Best" man...
sorry, I needed to do this
I'm happy insulin is free, for the patient, in Ireland. The cost of medical care in the states is truely frightening.
‘Merica the best country
@@Simon_the_penguinThe best country to getting broke quick
@@cherryappleproductions5822 hey I didn’t ya what it was best for
I’m a type one diabetic and thanks to the NHS in the UK, I do not pay a penny for my insulin. I hope things in the US change soon. I can’t imagine having to ration lifesaving medicine
The amount of sarcasm in those quotes around “free for all” is palpable
Wow, just...wow...
Despite living in a way worse time period with even worse living conditions, these people who hated eachother and wanted their own glory STILL agreed that the overall wellbeing of everyone was worth more than their own profit. Thats unheard of in the reality we live in.
I've heard people talking about traveling through the airlines even into the 70s where they'd applaud when they'd land. Getting air travel to even as safe as it is today took decades.
I live in Wellington, New Zealand, one of the windier cities in the world. It's still pretty normal for plane passengers to clap for the pilot when we make a safe landing during stormy weather.
I've actually been on multiple flights in which people clapped upon landing safely ... all of these cases involved turbulence, for at least one there was a thunderstorm.
I've also been told that in Russia it's traditional to applaud after every time the plane lands safely even if there's no weather issues.
The main focus of this series isn’t insulin, it’s the first documented case of Canadians arguing
That would be "The invention of Hockey"...
In Canada, we only really hear about Banting, and to a lesser degree, Best. Banting's press tour definitely has stayed in the public mind all these years! (Also ps - the Canadian flag at 6:14 wasn't in use until 1965 - but we get that people may not recognize the Red Ensign!)
No kidding. I've known who Banting and Best were my whole life; had never heard of the other two.
I have to give them credit. Even if they did squabble like a bag full of cats at least they kept their eyes on the prize. Everything was supposed to be affordable and easy to acquire
History idea: The Boxer Rebellion
Or the Taiping Rebellion
EH topics are voted on by the Patreon patrons. If someone suggests the Taiping Rebellion, I'd definately vote for it!
As a type-1 diabetic, seeing you guys do this story really meant a lot to me. Thank you guys so much.
wait, I thought it was Nicolae Paulescu
This really reminds me of the fact if you ask adults in a household, they tend to overestimate the percent of chores they do vs their other half.
What you see is all there is....
Even more prominently present in managers. Ask all the managers, supervisors etc in a company how much they contribute to the actual output of the company. Most of the time you get around 200% work done without anyone on the floor even having to go to work
That applies even if one spouse (usually male) did no chores at all.
What is worse, is that when all was said and done, the patent for Insulin was sold for 1 dollar to ensure that Insulin was available for all. And yet somehow the price of Insulin has continued to skyrocket over the last 20 years.
As a Canadian we are very proud of this team which Earned us our first Nobel prize. It is a shame that the pharmaceutical industry in the United States is exploiting this life-saving medicine for extra profit.
I just wish our country should stop using financial blackmail.
Your country could also could give credit to Nicolae Paulescu aswell :)
It's not profit, it's the American dream: making money, regardles the cost
@@sjonnieplayfull5859 same thing
Science itself is like a great drama. Full of ups and downs. Never thought I’d get teary eyed over science
Nicolae Paulescu: Hope I appear in one of these episodes.
Trueee🇷🇴🇷🇴🇷🇴
Me 2
What would you be known for?
Canadians needed 4 people to do what one Romanian did by himself. Sounds about right
Edit: Yes I am salty that Nicolae Paulescu was not even mentioned in a video called "The Discovery of Insulin"
as we should, Romanian scientists are always forgotten in favour of western scientists
Classic
@@Alex-rp3yy Just shows how little research they put into this.
He wasn't able to purify his extracts.
This scientist-on-scientist bickering reminds me a lot of Marsh and Cope and the paleontology Bone Wars- a topic that definitely deserves an episode or two.
As a type 1 diabetic and long time subscriber to this Chanel, thanks for making a series on insulin. Most people don’t even know the trial and error before it came out nor the struggles diabetics like myself had went through before it’s discovery. Thank you.
At least here in Colorado, I know there is already a 25 dollar limit on some aspect of insulin, I would assume it’s per dose, but starting in 2022 there will be a firm limit that a patient can only be charged up to 100 dollars per month for their insulin, regardless of how much they need. ❤️
Sounds like there needs to be a Lies episode about Nicolae Paulescu
We need a part 3 to show how expensive Insulin has become!!!
3 uploads a week! Wow. Keep up the great work! This channel got me into history and now I love history. I just did a project in biology about the endocrine system and it's so nice to learn more about what I learned earlier. I love when learning builds on itself.
as someone with asthma... i can feel for people who need insulin or EpiPen's pens i know what its like to have that looming thing that can kill you always floating around ... but us asthmatics are in the same boat and no one talks about us
well done on the series! been watching for a couple of years, and the quality just keeps improving
My mom and I have both participated in research studies related to insulin--which is significant to the industry, because a rogue strain of diabetes runs in the family, so test subjects are needed. I had been aware of the controversy at insulin's beginning, though never in as much detail as you've given here. Thank you for helping expand my horizons again!
Bickering, but compassionate and honorable. Heroes with a flaw.
Worthy of respect in my book.
watching this video about diabetes while eating chocolate-crisped cookies creates a special kind of fear
Most type 2's take pills instead of using pens/pumps
Such a great episode and the rising cost of insulin shows what is can be wrong with greed...its just sick
Thanks for all the videos you guy work on and make fun and teaches all of us thank you!
Being an adult diagnosed some years ago with Type B diabetes, running unfortunately in my family for generations and having claimed the lives of some of my relatives, my life changed a lot. Although it finally led me to a healthier lifestyle, the shock I got when I read for the first time the diagnosis got me to some of the lowest points of my life. I wasn't obese and I was exercising regularly but finally the non-balanced diet I was practicing came to bite me. Fortunately, good doctors and the miracles of medicine gave me the opportunity to control my diabetes with just a pillow a day and a more balanced diet. Nevertheless, I can't even imagine the hardships children with type I diabetes are living through. And because of that I’m really discussed with the practices of big companies getting the price of a medicine essential for life so high. Although as I have learned from my doctors, diabetes can't be cured at this point, I hope that science will do its miracle once again and before I leave this world, children will have just to tolerate the sting of the needle just one time before they are cured and free from this scourge.
You know , after watching one and a half episode , a s a type 1 diabetic, I am really surprised that we lived to 21 with this meddling. Literally most important invention for us seems so fragile and prone to failure , that’s kinda scary.
Insulin have changed so many lives and now I know how it's origin. Nice Work!
Another great episode
so much controversy and you didn't even touch Nicolae Paulescu xD Insulin discovery was a doozy
Ego and pride such a dangerous thing
A friend of mine with type 1 helped to develop a new insulin delivery system. He has a tag that he places on the back of his arm that measures his blood sugar and links to his phone via Bluetooth. Based on the levels it reports, he can adjust a dial on this injector (Basically looks exactly like a pen) to give himself the exact right dose. It is incredibly cool, and helps him maintain a consistent level. For anyone with diabetes, I highly recommend looking into this as a solution, as it is far better than the pump system.
As a diabetic living in America, I have met very, very few people like me who are patriotic. We have our lives essentially held at ransom, behind paper-thin excuses. (Most commonly heard is "stifling progress", which I can now laugh at hearing that team sold the patent for $1.) I have hospitals hounding me for fees incurred for when I could not scrape up enough money for insulin or injection kits. I repeat- *I am being charged money for not having enough money!*
I really have to admire these guys for what they did, and the reasoning behind their decisions. They may have fallen to bickering later, but it never once got in the way of their goal of helping folks who needed it.
this is a great illustration of the kind of ego-battles that take place in the field of biomedical science. sadly, it is not uncommon for these things to still happen today
Eli Lilly is a name that forever lives in infamy in my mind for how much they extort from me per month
Fucking pure evil
Extortion is the perfect word. And Purdue is my eli lily. Purdue has murdered every one of my friends and sold me both the addiction and the cure. Fucking pure evil
Man, I will always watch this show, if for no other reason than the into.
Thank you so much for this episode
I think he just read the Wikipedia page for the Beatles later years.
4 guys have something good going on then break it up due to growing tension and one of them dies in a tragic incident
"How much is a person expected to pay for a live saving medicine"
imo: Only as much as it costs to make (including research).
Expectations differ, apprently…
@@Mikebumpful sadly
I know
Nothing 🤷
Why, again, have we allowed medicine to become so centralized that you can't get older, patent-expired treatments anymore?
And why aren't we talking about that, and instead squabbling about who will pay for it?
American medicine is rotten to the core.
As a partner of a diabetic, I am so thankful for insulin. I just wish the other supplies needed to manage this condition were less expensive
One of my prize possessions is a book from 1936, that summarised all that was known about insulin and diabetes so far.
Douglas W. Hill & Frederick O. Howitt. (1936). *Insulin: Its production, purification, and physiological action.* _Hutchinson's Scientific & Technical Publications._ Printed by Mayflower Press (William Brendon and Son, Ltd), in Plymouth, Great Britain.
Great video, but marred by many tiny mistakes. A few that I can name off the top of my head included Leonard Thomson's age of death, Macleod not being featured in 4:59, 7:02 implying that Macleod went on to do research but he had passed on in 1935, 6 years before Banting's crash.
Please consider making a series on a Car manufacturer or a models Interesting history; that would be a great episode series in my eyes.
Great episode, a fascinating story. One nitpick: the C in a circle is for copyrights, not patents.
idk what it is about that ending scene but it hit hard.
I appreciate them for making insulin
Waiting for part 3
They were not the best men but they are the best team for what they achieve and believe in
Great episode...informative.
As a type 1 diabetic I am insanely grateful that I do not live in the US. Prices of insulin (and all medicine and healthcare over there) are insane. I would be bankrupt. In my country I don't have to pay anything for my insulin.
There are several problems with patent systems:
They need to provide enough incentive to people to research new things like insulin
They should not make things prohibitively expensive
They can cause good inventions to get buried (usually cause of Corp greed)
Patents for drugs are basically a way to trade human lives for profits. They shouldn't exist but they do because the money pharmaceuticals make from them goes straight back into politics to keep these laws in place.
Don't believe anyone who says patents are a good thing.
For all those who want to know how much insulin costs, my family spends about $130-$150 on insulin. Without insurance that could easily cost up to $500. That means someone without insurance is spending enough money a month to buy 2 XBOX Series S, or 5/8ths of a ps5. 18% of Type 1 Diabetics (like me) are rationing insulin because if it’s price, the U.S. has the highest percentage of insulin rationing in the world.
In addition: Insulin is the 6th most expensive liquid in the world with most estimates being $9,400 per gallon (although you generally buy in 1,000 ml viles)
Banting’s summer house was turned into a summer camp for diabetics I went to till I aged out this year (this summer was my last). It’s in Ohio and called Ho Mita Koda (welcome my friend).
What really sucks is there are many of us without health insurance who cannot afford the $200+ a month for insulin, not including a glucometer and supplies or even keto-diastix. When I was diagnosed I paid less than $30 a month cash for my insulin & syringes without having insurance.
Going on 42 years now. I am grateful. When I was diagnosed, I set a record for having the highest blood sugar and still living, at my local hospital. :O
I'm just happy to see a spot light on some good old canadians
Really Great Men With Golden Heart💛
I love this channel
Wow, imagine living in a world where people try to make a profit from medicine and the suffering of other people? Crazy right?
This gonna be good.
I have diabetes and when I saw the first video wanting to learn how these men saved my life and so many others I’m a little sad to see how many problems and
Feuded there were in the creation and the greed that some of these men have just makes me sad
Good thing is that countries like Belgium respect the wishes of the original creators. My aunt is over 50 years old and diabetic type 1. She nor her parents have ever paid for her Insulin. It is covered by the Belgian Healthcare
I like the new matt design
More scientific series please!!
All four are beating the crap out of each other in a room
New guys walks in "Hey guys, I'm gonna charge people 500 bucks a dose!"
*record scratch*
"You what know?"
Originaly insulin was made byba romanian but he dont name it "insulin" and" pancrei " but no one recognize him as insulin inventator and is unfair
adevarat!!
Apparently the only thing they didn't argue about was that medicine shouldn't be for profit but to help people that needs it.
PANR has tuned in.
I love your channel
I don't see why these people didn't just say
"We all did equal amounts of work, therefore deserve equal amount of credit"
There's a 1988 TV Miniseries on this discovery called "Glory Enough for All" that appears to be available on UA-cam.
Yay a new video
Can there be a poster of that last frame? Hell yea, save people for the sake of saving people!
Here in aus even the pumps are about 1 dollar a day. Covered by insurance and subsidised by govt. So problem with the newer versions being expensive isn't due to the patents.
Ironic, they originally patent the insulin in the US , now a box of insulin cost nearly triple what you get across the border
Such a terrible situation that sickens me to the core. What those poor people had to endure for the "Sack of Science "...DISGUSTING!🤬😡
Note to self: hook up Best to a generation to get free electricity
Great story. Wish they could've just sat down and figured it out, I feel like they missed an even bigger opportunity.