Origins of the first Americans
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- Опубліковано 22 лип 2022
- Across the Beringian land bridge? Along the edge of the Greenland ice sheets? Down the Kelp Highway? SAMA takes a look at the latest academic research on the origins of the First Americans. New developments in archaeogenetics and paleogenomics, along with the latest theories from linguists and archaeologists and geologists, paint a clearer picture than ever before.
Starting 47,000 years ago in Central Asia, the ancestors of nearly all Native Americans first migrated across Siberia to the Bering Strait and its glaciers that would trap them on its land bridge for millennia. Based on the latest DNA assays from sites such as Upward Sun River in Central Alaska and the Mal'ta on the shores of Lake Baikal, this episode attempts to be a somewhat comprehensive overview of the scholarship on the subject as of July, 2022.
Links to the studies referenced in the episode:
New insights into Eastern Beringian mortuary behavior: A terminal Pleistocene double infant burial at Upward Sun River
www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073...
Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans
www.nature.com/articles/natur...
Linguistic Phylogenies Support Back-Migration from Beringia to Asia www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.06...
Special thanks to Linguist Daniel Pitt for trying to teach me to pronounce Athabascan.
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Thanks everyone for continuing to view the videos and support the channel! It won't be quite the amazing place it used to be without Nick, but we have plans to keep his vision going!
Thank you, thanks for uplifting Nick's legacy.
Good luck with this. I bet he would have wanted you to continue with it.
Thank you for continuing the work that Nick did so well.
I'm happy to see y'all continuing Nick's work. He put together something amazing, and it's for the good that it remains. Thank you guys, and may y'all be good and well.
DW - Nick's story is tragic, wish the best for the family. The channel has always been top notch. With the same voice, and the same vision: hopefully we can come close to the same quality content. It will be seeded with the spirit of Nick Barksdale.
I just wanted to say. UA-cam history for me will never be the same after Nick's passing, his positive and enthusiastic presence and work was very special to me and it kept me hooked to all kinds of different subjects that weren't that interesting to me. But I am very happy that the channel is still active, for that way I will keep remembering him and never forget to be interested in history.
Thank you DW Draffin, you have the best reading voice I've ever heard.
Thank you for continuing the legacy. This channel was and is a gift that deserves to live on and enrich the world of each viewer.
Theory proves nothing. As he stated over and over in this segment.
No doubt a lot of us watching this long-awaited video, the project Nick worked so hard and was so eager to create, are doing so with a bittersweet appreciation. I had only just found out Nick fell ill before realizing he'd reached out via Academia and replied to the old message hoping he would soon be well.
He was a brilliant and, perhaps more importantly, warm soul. He will be so, so missed be everyone that not only knew him, but knew of him. We were so fortunate to have had him on this earth for a while and share all our passions for history, integrity, compassion, and justice.
You'll be missed.
I'm happy to see the channel continue. Although it still stings that Nick is no longer part of it. I hope his wife and kids are doing ok.
I am so sorry that we lost Nick, but I am glad that we still have his channel. Thank you for continuing it. It’s a great positive experience.
Thank you for continuing the channel Nick started, to continue teaching about history! He is missed. I pray for his family daily with his passing.
I'm happy to see a silver lining of Nick's legacy living on
Rest easy, Nick. Thank you for your works.
Thank you for telling the truth in a respectful way
“Sunrise Girl Child” and, “Dawn Twilight Child Girl,” may be the earliest found versions of names that are still used today: Dawn and Venus respectively.
@@dffndjdjd I absolutely agree. Not to mention making fools of innocent people like me who thought for moment they had made a clever observation.
@@dffndjdjd That is happening in all the disciplines. In physics the standard model of cosmology is more important than empirical data. Anomalies are simply ignored or the model is adjusted as in, Dark Matter. Anomalies can no longer built to the point the old paradigm is forced to yeild as Thomas Kuhn wrote about. They simply make up shit. They have lost the distinction between the map and the terrain.
Thanks for all the effort everyone has put forth into the channel. Best wishes and prayers for the family.
Thank you, DW, for picking up the torch from Nick.
So happy to see another video from SAMA! Lovely that you are continuing the work. Nick must be smiling 💖
I lift my eyes to heaven in honor and gratitude to Nick Barksdale for creating this channel.
This channel has been a joy and delight since its inception. For as long as you guys keep putting up videos, I will keep watching.
That was absolutely lovely, well done, well researched. I trust this channel and the information it offers. Thank you very much!
This channel continues! Bravo - we're with you, Nick!
thank you Nick for the gift that keeps giving(and for all that have helped it keep going). this is a stunning piece of work!
Good to see you guys continuing to work on this channel! Keep up the good work!
Thank you for continuing this channel! I wish all the best to Nick's family and friends.
Thank you for keeping his passion and his vision going.
Great to see the Channel up again.
Blessings to All...especially to Nick and all those dear to Him.
Very interesting and informative. Thankyou for continuing this channel.
Nick man was an absolute beast. He had put up more history content, in both depth and breadth, than practically any history channel on UA-cam. His commitment to exploring every single corner of history for the public to enjoy is a profoundly powerful example of modern day civic service, and the dude will be seriously missed. Thanks to the team for bringing back the important content that Nick always gave to all of us.
Whoaaaaa awesome that ypu people are continuing his work with the vids, best form of respect. Beautiful.
Marvelous video! I absolutely loved it. Thank you for all the hard work 😊💚🍀
Nice to see this continuing.
This is a well-produced video. Thank you!
Outstanding. So glad native populations are becoming more open to answering these questions while honoring their forbearers.
Fantastic work. Brought a couple of overdue tears. Thank you
It is wonderful to continue hearing Nick's voice through your efforts. Much appreciated 😊
Absolutely the best lecture I have heard on this subject.
Thank you so very much!
Excellent presentation. The migration maps were fantastic. Thanks.
Very enjoyable and informative.
Thanks
Thanks for keeping this channel going RIP Nick Barksdale.
Fascinating documentary! Thank you!
Awesome video!! Fascinating topic
Excellent! So much about the first inhabitants of Americas is yet to be discovered and understood.
Enjoyed your film.Thanks.
Thank you for a very well read and informative video. I really liked the music and the respect for the native peoples
Will look again at this channel. Wonderful story of ancient peoples.
Thank you for continuing this channel inspired by Nick. I hope his family has somewhat overcome the initial shock and holds him in fond memory.
What I like about the channel is that it inspires me to look further and gain a bit more knowledge about the subject at hand. Mal'ta for instance seems to have played a significant rol in human history. Mal'ta (24,000 BP) by has a close genetic relationship with a male from Kostenki-14 (35-40,000 BP). Kostenki is also a very important and fascinatign site as it also contains one of the earliest dwellings, which is made with mamoth bones. Considering human population at that time was far less than 1 million and the amount of time that has passed with human activity, it is amazing that these sites are even found.
Great video, scientific but very interesting theories too, told very well. Thank you.
Please! Keep the channel going to honor Nick. I love these videos ❤
22:50 I suddenly thought I had a crack on my phone screen! 😬 Great doc, though! I enjoyed every second of it. Keep them coming!👍👍
Excellent Presentation. Thanks.
>>> Very nicely done: so many disparate threads drawn together to present a concise summary of much current thinking and research in this complex field.
This is amazing, thank you 🙏
Some even say Native Americans, Siberians and Indo-Europeans had common ancestor before 50,000 years.
Can you please post this research?
@@aimeeripley3812 They were called Africans, you can find lots of information about them on wikipedia.
@@MarleneSB he is referring to another people
@@MarleneSB I was looking for a more reliable source than wikipedia and wanted reference to the research he was referring to. Thanks though
Siberians come from East Asians. If I were to show you a Nganasan and a Korean I'd doubt you can tell who is who.
I watch a lot of History you tube content, and my interests are wide and varied but I seem to have missed this particular channel up till now. Firstly I would like to offer my condolences for your friend and college Nick. To show my support I have liked and subscribed and will look out for more from your channel and will over time look through your older work. Good luck in the future and my make many more interesting and informative video's.
Wonderfully done!
Awesome thanks for sharing. Glad y’all are stil posting but damn that’s unfortunate about nick :/ Rest In Peace bro..
THANK YOU! Eternal Rest Nick!
Why does it have to have been one migration? Why couldn't there have been multiple migrations?
Y chromosome results say at least four lines, two Siberian and two Austronesian.
Very interesting ❤ Thank you
More of this. Thank you.
Thank you so much for this informative and up to date information on populating the Americas. I feel we underestimate our ancestors in many ways and the migration of various population I find totally fascinating.
Good video!
Excellent Episode
Good video. 👍
There are older Americans in Brazil and Peru.
Highly informative!
It’s basically telling my ancestral a story, it speaks to me.
Roughly a third indigenous and the rest mainly Spanish, for Haplogroup, I have QM3 and A2 - my dad has B2a1 mtDNA.
From my dads side I have Spanish, Apache (Athabaskan), and Pueblo.
From my mom I have Mexican, Spanish, Tarahumara, and, Coahuiltecan.
I always get confused with being Asian, and I have very small trace of East Asian due to admixture.
My condolences to your loss of Nick. i am forever at a loss of words at these times other than to say i know your pain. i am not in a position to give but please accept my apologies for your loss. I really lloved his work, the enthusiasm and sincerity of his interviews has no peer. History lost one of its sincerest patrons on this platform, you tube . Nick was awesome doing this work and his loss will be felt. Please keep his legacy alive.
Thanks!
I live near the Meadowcroft Rock Shelter(near Burgettstown, PA)that dates back to at least 10,000 BCE(and possibly further back). One of the hypothosis of where the people came from, was they came from Europe during the last Ice Age. One of the Archeologists who helped research the site wrote a book about the First Americans.
I dont see the profit in ignoring the facts that are piling up in the East, in favor of Paltry late evidence in the west
Europeans came in 1492. They did not cross 10,000 years ago. There wasn't even Europeans living that far north. The people who lived that north were Asians hence the ancestors of Americans are East Asians that left 25,000 years ago.
Well done.
It's late March 2023. I'm so grateful that Nick's dream is surviving so far. My heart goes out to his family. I'm sure the pain is still fresh, but our love is with you. And more importantly, so is Nick's. ❤❤❤
Amazing
Most of modern archeology seems to ignore how much easier it was to move by water than by land in pre-modern times. Well into the 1800s (until railroads) water travel was the primary and preferred travel method wherever practical. A four man boat, light enough to be carried over portages, loaded with 200kg of cargo, can easily make 50km/day along lakes and rivers. Those same 4 men, each carrying a 50kg pack are doing well to cover just 15km/day on foot along forest trails.
Water wasn't a barrier in the past, it was a highway. Some archeologists and paleontologists realize this, but the majority seem to have an attitude regarding the migration of ancient peoples that can be expressed as: "if they couldn't walk there, they couldn't get there".
Interesting 👍👍
The most awesome thing I've heard in a long time. Archeologist "Ben a potter"
The America's was a term ancient Italian and Portoguese mariners gave to the 3 major continents west of Africa and Europe, across the Atlantic Ocean.
So which continent is your video making reference to? South, Central or North America?
It's America. It's only one continent. Was never 2 or 3 for 400 years. It wasn't until the 1960's that Anglo European US scientists began to separate the continent into two continents. And then separate the bottom part of one into a subregion they called Mesoamerica.
We have 4096 10th great grandparents etc. that being said would some of the DNA Be dilute down ?
Why are there there haplogroups in Puerto Rico not of A, B, C, and D for mt-DNA?
Still can't believe he's gone 💔
We are Turtle Islanders, not Americas. The first time I heard about the tracks going across beringia was from my Chinese boss and he said that the tracks go west across beringia not east. They followed the big game into Eurasia.
It's America not Americas. It's one continent.
@@sandraleiva1633 Only technically -- and presently. Go back in time, and they were 2 completely separate continents -- not technically. In time, they may even become 2 technically separate continents, yet again. Note: I think that, "Americas" was a typo. I believe that Mr. Cuyler meant to write, "AmericaNs".
@georgecuyler7563 If we are to believe out of Africa, then how in fresh hell is it possible for those ancient tracks to be headed west into Eurasia? The America’s are separated from Europe and Africa by the Atlantic.
If an ancient culture had ocean going capabilities, that would throw a rock into everything we thought we knew about the migrations of ancient peoples.
Thankyou
Ok. How do u explain the Kennewick Man of Polynesian descent. And the natives of Brazil having austro/Melanesian dna??
Because the original people in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Pacific islanders, Australia and Southern India were Austro Melanesian peoples. They were taken over and mixed with East Asians from Central Asia only later.
What do you think of the DNA results of Rasmussen et al 2015, in Nature?
Boy those burials just goes to show how harsh life was back then in that climate. Kudos on this video from a half breed Native American.
Uiii new vid..who is managing?
Such beautiful people. I’m so intrigued by their migrations so many thousands of years ago into the Americas.
Same I'm so in awe and amazed by how they got here too what it must have felt like I wish we could go back in time and see for ourselves ☺️ I recently took a DNA test and now want to learn more about these beautiful ppl who are also apart of me❤️❤️
@@ericamorales8430 That would be awesome if you found a DNA connection! Yes, I agree, if we could watch how they lived in those very early centuries when the wilderness was completely untamed and untouched by previous civilizations. An all-new experience for them as they encountered the Great Lakes and the mountains and virgin forests.
@@EmilyTienne my mom also took the test she matched to Kennewick man and also it showed we have ancient ancestors from Montana but the sad part is we have to upgrade and it cost a lot to do that
America not Americas. It's one continent.
@@sandraleiva1633 It’s two continents. South America and North America. Go find yourself a globe and acquire an education.
Your map of New Zealand showing mtDNA is wrong, my own mtDNA is B as is most of polynesia.
2:24 shows horses, but horses did not roam the Americas until late 1400s - early 1500s when Europeans brought them.
Horses are native to America and may have been present with the arrival of the first Americans. They later went extinct and were reintroduced from Europe in the 1400s
@@tvrulz46 went extinct by themselves or with help from the Asian immigrants?
@@sapphonymph8204 they didnt want to share the planet with the likes of you
It doesn't look like your chart shows the link between papau new guinea and the amazonian tribes. Also, some experts claim that the ice-corridor would have been too barren to support a migration until 100's of year after the land-bridge was submerged. I favor the Kelp Highway hypothesis.
Great documentary!
Yeah I'm liking the Kelp. I'm also liking the Pre-LGM corridor. The corridor was open from 40 kya to 21 kya, so could account for finds like the 37 kya Rio Puerco New Mexico site.
The Kelp highway may have been open always. The corridor it appears was also usually open, except from 21 to 13 kya.
nice
looks like people were in the americas way earlier than we thought. good stuff.
The footprints at White Sands, NM are reliably dated 21,000-23,000BP, and researchers have found even older prints not yet published. The sheer quantity and interior location of these prints suggest long term habitation far before Clovis. Also see the 2019 Sikora et al paper establishing an Ancient North Siberian population preceding divergence of Clovis genetics, possibly explaining the earlier habitation of North America.
@Americans Truth2 If you didn't read the Sikora paper my points probably make little sense. If the paper is correct regarding Beringia populations it means Clovis had not yet diverged so North America would have been populated by a more ancient genetic lineage, possibly ANS. Who the pre-Clovis inhabitants were is fascinating.
@@jasonborn867 Please: What does, ANS stand for? Thanx!
@@GilObregon-hj6zh Ancient North Siberians. See the paper, "The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene" published 2019 in the journal Nature by Sikora et al.
@@jasonborn867 Appreciate the clarification! So...., can we safely assume that
ANTS stands for -- Ancient Northern Tribes of Slberia¿?!! 🙃 🙂 😁
Question: At what point was Alaska overrun by ANTS! 🤯 😳 😆
@@jasonborn867 Also, why has the majority of the clovis points discovered so far
been located in the southeast quadrant of the U.S.??
Ancient history is essential for everyone to know, especially the sixteen original civilizations.
1. The first inhabitants of Italy (K)
2. Thracians (L)
3. Siberians (N)
4. East Assists (O)
5. Medes (PQ)
6.. Western Europeans (R)
7. Mediterranean Greek sea people (T)
8. Hebrews and Arabic (IJ)
9. Elamites (H)
10. Assyrians (G)
11. Arameans (F1)
12. Lydians (F2)
13. Cushites (AB, C & D)
14. Egyptians (E3)
15. Canaanites (E2)
16. Original North African Phoenicians (E1)
The D haplogroup of Canaan migrated east all the way to Japan. The C haplogroup of Nimrod migrated to South Asia, the Pacific, Tibet, Mongolia and all the way to the Americas along with Q haplogroup descendants of Madai ancestor of the Medes.
The A maternal mtDNA haplogroup belonging to the N lineage accompanied the Q paternal haplogroup. The C&D maternal haplogroups belong to the M lineage. The B maternal haplogroup seems to have crossed the Pacific Ocean.
The Mediterranean paternal R1b and the maternal X2a also found in Galilee represent an Atlantic crossing of the Phoenicians in the days of King Solomon considering also the Mediterranean paternal haplogroups of T, G, I1, I2, J1, J2, E and B in addition to the R1b in Native American Populations.
So many ancient people put red ochre in their graves, I wish we could know what it’s significance was.
What about Lemura and where did they go, who were they
Can you do a video on the Melanesian and Native American dna link?
@@andersd8956red indians were MIXED
What’s it to you?
One of the patron's name is actually Crabface McGrouch?
Miss you Nick
You do not mention the infusion from the sea - polynesians.
Try the Haida, they have lived here over an ice age.
At 6:47 there is a picture of a sad faced little girls who appears to have blue eyes. I won't argue the color of earlier Native people's eyes. But I wonder if DNA tests can clue us in with accurate information. Also, That long ago, I hesitate to believe there was a written language to idently the names of the little girls. So, how did you know? Just curious. At 73, I'm still that annoying student who always raised my hand to call the teacher on something left unsaid. Usually something unimportant to the subject, but important to me. Then and now. Thanks for you patient understanding.
you showed a little girl with blueish eyes and dark hair. did any of the girl baby dna's really indicate blue/ gray/ green eyes?
The red man crossed the bearing sea 50,000 years before Adam and eve and they came to earth almost 40,000 years ago , so the original Americans have lived here for about 90,000 years! According to the Urantia book.
Nothing but more theory and many other theories to explain their theory's.
I wonder why they just show pictures of Native people of North America but not Latin people of South America 🤔
We were not Latin
Spanish arrived 500 years ago.