Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Actually doing the same thing this year, watching this whole series the day before the mock exam for Chemistry, already took my Comp Sci mock exam and got a 4 so I'm hoping I can get a 3 or 4 on this one
Other people are complaining that you talk to fast in comments but I personally am incredibly grateful- there are so many ancient professors this website and in my lectures droning on for hours on these subjects. Thank you. The way you structure things keeps me entertained and safe from failing midterms
That's so true!!! I love that he talks fast because this way he can teach tons of lessons of info into a maximum of 10-15 minutes. Way better than sitting through hours of college courses and weeks of school.
Everyone please stop saying talk slower... it is called crash course it is supposed to go fast, if you want it to be slow click the gear icon then hit speed and press .5, not .25. (WARNING: He will sound drunk.)
To those saying he is too fast: some people actually think and operate at that rhythm, and finding something that delivers at their is a rare find. You can always hit replay and watch it again. Plus, the amount of chemistry he covers in under 10 minutes is super impressive. This should feel intense. This is weeks or months of college in a few minutes.
As a student in college, these videos have been so extremely helpful to re-familiarize myself with information I learned years ago in high school. Thank you SO much for providing these brief, clear, and interesting videos! They're saving my grades.
I'm doing A level chemistry in the UK at the moment and although I've learnt a lot of this, I was watching this to gain a higher level of understanding before my test. I had so many epiphanies during this video, I now get how all the topic link! Thank you so much!!
@@thepersonnooneknows Hey, your name. Tell me about yourself so I can get to know you. Apparently no one knows you, and that would suck (for many people at least). My name is Blake, I like pretty much every field of science, synthwave music, exploring nature, philosophy, working out: what about yourself?
+Esmeralda Gonzalez This is the way I see it: atoms can exist without us, we can not exist without atoms... so we are atoms but atoms aren't us. He meant that atoms behave like us.
Awww thank you....this Crash Course truly saved my grade after struggling for WEEKS. You've fully explained this concept very effectively and I soooo appreciate it. AND you're HILARIOUS!!!
I rlly appreciate the speed the videos goes at since I'm a visual learner that thinks very fast. I usually zone out or can't concentrate if anything is too slow or monotone (like my physics and chem teacher) so thank you so much. You are a lifesaver.
if you want to retain and understand the information from his videos then you may want to have the Pause button ready and some notes you may ultimately be spending 30 minutes on a 10 minute video but you'll have truly learned something and have notes to look back to. at this point in CrashCourse Chemistry it's not covering standard HS Chemistry or CHEM 101
If he's talking too fast turn on the subtitles it's so much better! And if you're taking notes, turn on the subtitles and pause when something important pops up!
At 0:13 they had Bert get married to Ernie on June 26th which is funny since that's the day in 2015 that the Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage in the US but this video animated years before.
My bio professor just linked this for our lesson this week, jfc. Why am I paying out the butt for school when apparently I can just watch Hank Green teach me things for free?
THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU!!!! You have such an amazing way of explaining things! I am currently working my way through the Biology crash course but headed over here to get better understanding of the different types of bonds... you make it so easy to understand! so again... THANK YOU!!
I'm crying. We had a sub in Chemistry today and she put this on and I literally screamed and she looked at me like I was crazy. I was on the verge of tears I was so excited omg
Dude! I'm studying chemistry and we've been talking about bonds for weeks now. I've been watching every video on the internet and stayed uninformed. Finally I thought "hey, wasn't that channel kinda cool when you were having finals?" and just clicked on this video. I need to admit that even though I am not even living in an English speaking country, this video has been the one that explained most. Isn't that sad? You're doing a great job! And as I've already said: I ain't living in an English speaking country and the pace was just great!
I like how he says 'we often say that an ionic bond is formed from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another', rather than suggesting that this is actually how ionic bonds form (it really isn't, on the whole). Subtle, but somehow comforting.
If you don't get all the info because of the speed, then go back and listen that part again. I can understand everything and english is not my first language. His work is amazing
I wish I had this when I took chem... Hank explains EVERY topic so much more comprehensively than my chem teacher (who may have never actually learned the subject herself)
Dear Hank Green, Your brother might have been more charismatic but you helped me on my chemistry test. And in the end, isn't that the only thing that matters. Cheers
Honestly enjoyed this video and understood more after i was done watching. I watched this in my chemistry class and i'm re watching it for my final. I would recommend taking notes on the video for a quick and easy summary. I put the subtitles on which made it easier, changing the speed to something slower may also help others who think the video is to fast.
Polyatomic ions are atoms that are covalently bonded to each other but have an overall charge. Thus polyatomic ions are covalent compounds that can participate in ionic bonding. Since the permanganate ion you mentioned contains manganese, it's actually a "metal complex". To learn more about metal complexation (coordination chemistry), take an inorganic chemistry class or ask an inorganic chemistry professor at your local university. :)
There are a few parts of the video that are incorrect or not completely correct. I just thought you would like to know about them. First and most obvious would be the first showing of coulombs law. The law shows that energy is proportional to 1/r^2. This is corrected the second time the equation was shown. The other parts lie in the introduction. You mention that the electrostatic force arrises from each atom's electrons attracted to the other's protons. This may be misleading as the attraction is only do to the electrons in an atom. If a metal becomes an cation it has lost an electron, that "hole" is what attracts the anion. It is correct that the net charge is due to the imbalance between the protons and the electrons in the cation and anion however, the way it was mentioned in the video could be misleading to those just learning chemistry. Aside from those comments I thought the video was very informative and well done. I only bring the issues up because I had my students watch the video and saw some confusion as a result of the above issues. Thank you so much.
Coulomb's Law describes the force on a charged particle. Here they are showing the potential energy of the particle, which is in fact proportional to 1/r
@@MK-fo3ec metallic bond = ionic bond made up with metal ions in other words, all metallic bonds are ionic bonds. not every ionic bond is a metallic one. nothing to be confused about.
If your textbook doesn't talk about bond length, you probably don't have to worry about it for the test. I wish you the best of luck with your class! :)
I'm watching this because of my tournament.. my coach said watch Chemistry videos.. she also said to learn more about 3D DNAs and more.. please suggest some ideas for my competition
Hey, that's an awesome fundamental question! If you go back and watch the CC episode on electrons, Hank explains how electrons reside in different energy states--shells contain subshells, which contain orbitals. Most atoms abide by either the octet or the duet rule. The principle for each remains the same: in order to gain maximum stability (lowest energetic state), an electron may be gained or lost to fill up or diminish the overflow of a shell. This is why the electrons don't re-transfer. :)
A co-ordinate covalent bond or a dative bond is a type of covalent bond in which both the electrons of the shared electron pair are donated by the same radical. For example, the co-ordinate bond between hydrogen ion and water in hydronium ion. And yes, acids like HCL are polar covalent. You can tell this by the large difference in electronegativity of H and Cl.
I think you are mixing up the different ways to look at Coulomb's Law. For Coulomb's Law: F= (ke*q1*q2)/(r^2) this is simliar to the gravitational force equation F = (G*m1*m2)/(r^2) Force is in Newtons. When we walk over into chemistry land... Modified Coulomb's Law for lattice energy: E= (k*Q1*Q2)/(r) Energy in joules. I hope this helps. Up and Atom!
thanks HANK ur lectures make chemistry easy to understand and if anyone of u is getting stuck to understand u can also see subtitles and i dont think that he talk too fast HANK has no need to slow his speed instead u guys need to enhance ur listening power
Dear Crash Course, can you please put subtitles in your chemistry videos? Or at least, Hank, could you slow down the narration a bit maybe? Either of these changes will be very appreciated
don't you understand that I was writing that in short form? Is this better for you, grammar cop? By the way, you should learn how to spell your own name before you go judging other people's English.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Sitrtu
Ive decided to take AP Chem.
I've signed up for death.
I've decided to take AP Comp Sci at the same time.
I've signed up for a very painful death
I will pray for you😢😂
Which uni?
Actually doing the same thing this year, watching this whole series the day before the mock exam for Chemistry, already took my Comp Sci mock exam and got a 4 so I'm hoping I can get a 3 or 4 on this one
I'm gonna bomb this AP Chem exam tomorrow. Hope you are doing well, 2-years-older version of you.
😂
Other people are complaining that you talk to fast in comments but I personally am incredibly grateful- there are so many ancient professors this website and in my lectures droning on for hours on these subjects. Thank you. The way you structure things keeps me entertained and safe from failing midterms
Madirlblue i
That's so true!!! I love that he talks fast because this way he can teach tons of lessons of info into a maximum of 10-15 minutes. Way better than sitting through hours of college courses and weeks of school.
Am I the only one who loves watching on x2 speed 😆
Everyone please stop saying talk slower... it is called crash course it is supposed to go fast, if you want it to be slow click the gear icon then hit speed and press .5, not .25. (WARNING: He will sound drunk.)
That's what I should've said XD
+Kasra Chehrazi lol he does
+Kasra Chehrazi hahahaha I needed this
+Kasra Chehrazi It's more fun to listen to it slowed down anyway, because of this reason. haha
+Kasra Chehrazi Try listening to it on the 2 speed.
To those saying he is too fast: some people actually think and operate at that rhythm, and finding something that delivers at their is a rare find. You can always hit replay and watch it again. Plus, the amount of chemistry he covers in under 10 minutes is super impressive. This should feel intense. This is weeks or months of college in a few minutes.
*that delivers at their pace
I have finals tomorrow, so I'm watching as many as I can
I'm still screwed
Me too.. *loud sobbing*
Same here😢
did your results come out yet?
Did ya pass ya goof?
912sonic I got at least a C
everyone else: "he talks to fast"
me, speed studying: *watching on 1.75 speed, with CC, losing my mind but its working*
As a student in college, these videos have been so extremely helpful to re-familiarize myself with information I learned years ago in high school. Thank you SO much for providing these brief, clear, and interesting videos! They're saving my grades.
This is how I study...
I just got a 100% on my chem test because of this. Thank you so much!
From India? Cause it is pretty rare
Did it work because I plan on using this method when I resume.... (My Dad made me study)😢😢😢😢😢
@@aryanshrivastava8312 from India 🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳
@@winny6167 ayyyyyy india
I'm doing A level chemistry in the UK at the moment and although I've learnt a lot of this, I was watching this to gain a higher level of understanding before my test. I had so many epiphanies during this video, I now get how all the topic link! Thank you so much!!
I'm here because I didn't pay attention in chemistry class.
And my exam is tomorrow.
Me too
I'm trying to cram everything in my head for now
How'd it go (I'm so late but still)
@@thepersonnooneknows Hey, your name. Tell me about yourself so I can get to know you. Apparently no one knows you, and that would suck (for many people at least). My name is Blake, I like pretty much every field of science, synthwave music, exploring nature, philosophy, working out: what about yourself?
i would give you a like but u r at 100 and i dont want to be the one to break it:)
When hank said "atoms are a lot like us" I thought "atoms are us"
+Esmeralda Gonzalez because we are toys! :) ...Oh I guess sometimes advertising still works better than education.
+Esmeralda Gonzalez We are atoms.
+Esmeralda Gonzalez He meant act like us but you got a point
+Esmeralda Gonzalez This is the way I see it: atoms can exist without us, we can not exist without atoms... so we are atoms but atoms aren't us. He meant that atoms behave like us.
How will we live if the universe is not made up of atom
Awww thank you....this Crash Course truly saved my grade after struggling for WEEKS. You've fully explained this concept very effectively and I soooo appreciate it. AND you're HILARIOUS!!!
crash course rlly said gay rights with Bert and Ernie
I rlly appreciate the speed the videos goes at since I'm a visual learner that thinks very fast. I usually zone out or can't concentrate if anything is too slow or monotone (like my physics and chem teacher) so thank you so much. You are a lifesaver.
This is actually more complicated than a lecture from school.
agree
because he's putting all the info you might learn in a week into 9 minutes
James Sobieski *week
Trololololol
if you want to retain and understand the information from his videos then you may want to have the Pause button ready and some notes
you may ultimately be spending 30 minutes on a 10 minute video but you'll have truly learned something and have notes to look back to. at this point in CrashCourse Chemistry it's not covering standard HS Chemistry or CHEM 101
JustBunnyBro this is stuff you learn in college in the premed/for majors courses
-someone who is taking those courses
I'm screwed
+lloplop How can you be screwed? There is literally one formula.
me too :')
Ryan Ward the number of formula doesn't matter if one is bad at analysation
Thanks for getting me an A! because my teacher can't teach...
Who else is here for finals?
If he's talking too fast turn on the subtitles it's so much better! And if you're taking notes, turn on the subtitles and pause when something important pops up!
reading through the comments like "none of you know what 'crash course' means, do you?"
I do
You know that people don't actually read, don't you?
At 0:13 they had Bert get married to Ernie on June 26th which is funny since that's the day in 2015 that the Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage in the US but this video animated years before.
BROOOOOOOO they even included a Bert loves Ernie joke. Wow. XD.
+Golam, In Brackets Yeah, they got married. Who didn't see that coming?
I ship it
Hot nerdy vampire girl in your chemistry class, it gets intense *shows picture of Marceline*😂😂😂😂😂👏🏽
Hot cannot be in the same sentence as "nerdy vampire girl" I think what u meant was "eye cancer"
+Shane Williams not very nerdy though.
Her girlfriend on the other hand...
Adventure Time is awesome!
My bio professor just linked this for our lesson this week, jfc. Why am I paying out the butt for school when apparently I can just watch Hank Green teach me things for free?
THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU!!!! You have such an amazing way of explaining things! I am currently working my way through the Biology crash course but headed over here to get better understanding of the different types of bonds... you make it so easy to understand! so again... THANK YOU!!
And that was a very discreet TFIOS reference I saw there...
his brother wrote the book, if you didnt know.
I thought you were joking and then i looked it up
I love it when people realise in the comments that the crash course John Green and the author John Green are same 😂😂
Can you guys make math videos?
watch Big Shaq - Man's Not Hot. Theres lots of *quick* maths for u
They have statistics now
I'm crying. We had a sub in Chemistry today and she put this on and I literally screamed and she looked at me like I was crazy. I was on the verge of tears I was so excited omg
Zoe I would too wtf
Zoe wht made u excited
Zoe Jesus Chris you sound insufferable
Dude! I'm studying chemistry and we've been talking about bonds for weeks now. I've been watching every video on the internet and stayed uninformed. Finally I thought "hey, wasn't that channel kinda cool when you were having finals?" and just clicked on this video. I need to admit that even though I am not even living in an English speaking country, this video has been the one that explained most. Isn't that sad?
You're doing a great job!
And as I've already said: I ain't living in an English speaking country and the pace was just great!
6:13 that sneaky annotation though. good job editor.
Your passion and comical nature give chemistry a great flavor. Love your videos.
why would anyone thumbs down a crash course video???? these are so helpful!
"Augustus is in a relationship with Hazel." 3:45 pm, Jan. 10th, 2012 (xD hahahha Hank) 0:12
I was waiting for a comment like this
Coming in 2016: Crash Course Relationships.
2018 mate still waiting for it
2019 is on its way. What gives?
@@collegepenetration1968 2019 is here, 2020 is our best hope now
@@baozelin245 lol
2019 is nrly gone, surely ill stop being lonely in 2020
I like how he says 'we often say that an ionic bond is formed from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another', rather than suggesting that this is actually how ionic bonds form (it really isn't, on the whole). Subtle, but somehow comforting.
3:59 A Doofenshmirtz backstory
Chemistry is so much more interesting than Physics! 🙆♂️
Usernamechoosed8 They're both interesting.
You and John are this AP Students Life Saver!
you are a life saver and i now devote my subscription to you
I am tired just listening to you!!!! I have an exam tomorrow and I am so glad we only covered the minimum on ionic and covalent bonds!
If you don't get all the info because of the speed, then go back and listen that part again. I can understand everything and english is not my first language. His work is amazing
I wish I had this when I took chem... Hank explains EVERY topic so much more comprehensively than my chem teacher (who may have never actually learned the subject herself)
I love the way that he teaches, but also humorous
Another reason why we call “Love” chemistry :) it’s just fascinating!
Dear Hank Green,
Your brother might have been more charismatic but you helped me on my chemistry test. And in the end, isn't that the only thing that matters.
Cheers
Do not think you tricked me @ 0:58 to 0:59, Crash Course
Vince Lombardi exposed
Vince Lombardi jump cut
CrashCourse is my favorite youtube channel. So many videos on so many different subjects!!
"Augustus is in a relationship with Hazel." 0:12
You thought you could just reference your brother's book and not have me notice Hank??
Thanks so helpful
love the way you keep the topic quick and captivating
Honestly enjoyed this video and understood more after i was done watching. I watched this in my chemistry class and i'm re watching it for my final. I would recommend taking notes on the video for a quick and easy summary. I put the subtitles on which made it easier, changing the speed to something slower may also help others who think the video is to fast.
Polyatomic ions are atoms that are covalently bonded to each other but have an overall charge. Thus polyatomic ions are covalent compounds that can participate in ionic bonding.
Since the permanganate ion you mentioned contains manganese, it's actually a "metal complex". To learn more about metal complexation (coordination chemistry), take an inorganic chemistry class or ask an inorganic chemistry professor at your local university. :)
These videos are getting me through high school, thank you!
I remember watching this a year ago when I was taking biology realizing it was for chemistry, and now here I am in chemistry watching it again!
Thank you so much Hank and whole CC team! I finally start to like and respect chemistry which I use to hate in school.
There are a few parts of the video that are incorrect or not completely correct. I just thought you would like to know about them. First and most obvious would be the first showing of coulombs law. The law shows that energy is proportional to 1/r^2. This is corrected the second time the equation was shown. The other parts lie in the introduction. You mention that the electrostatic force arrises from each atom's electrons attracted to the other's protons. This may be misleading as the attraction is only do to the electrons in an atom. If a metal becomes an cation it has lost an electron, that "hole" is what attracts the anion. It is correct that the net charge is due to the imbalance between the protons and the electrons in the cation and anion however, the way it was mentioned in the video could be misleading to those just learning chemistry. Aside from those comments I thought the video was very informative and well done. I only bring the issues up because I had my students watch the video and saw some confusion as a result of the above issues. Thank you so much.
Thank you for existing, Hank & Co! This helped me study fore a test I have soon!
This video literally explained the entire chemistry chapter of Bonding and Structures in 10 minutes
Guess I'm the only one watching it all cause I love chemistry!!!
I am here too for that...
Day after tomorrow is my Sanskrit Term Exam.....I don't know why am I watching this...
YOU DO SANSKRIT TO? lol srry caps :D
I watch for fun
My love for chemistry decreased greatly earlier today when I was told about my test, which is taking place tomorrow
No! There's loads of ppl that loves chem and is watching this for that reason.
Coulomb's Law describes the force on a charged particle. Here they are showing the potential energy of the particle, which is in fact proportional to 1/r
The metallic bond didn't get any love here.
that's an ionic bond made up with metal ions
@@milanstevic8424 im so confused please explain 🙏
@@milanstevic8424 im so confused please explain
@@MK-fo3ec metallic bond = ionic bond made up with metal ions
in other words, all metallic bonds are ionic bonds. not every ionic bond is a metallic one.
nothing to be confused about.
@@milanstevic8424 Someone can be confused about something, if they don't have the right understanding of the material.
The first 50 seconds is basically a new topic of science. Well psychology. You should try to put a video like that!
Wow...... TFIOS and Twilight references AND complicated Chemistry??? This is what I call GCSE revision :D
2:52 3:36 4:15 4:38 5:39 6:04 8:16 8:40
If your textbook doesn't talk about bond length, you probably don't have to worry about it for the test. I wish you the best of luck with your class! :)
I'm watching this because of my tournament.. my coach said watch Chemistry videos.. she also said to learn more about 3D DNAs and more.. please suggest some ideas for my competition
At 5:57 seconds you can see an iron man falling columbs tuber
Well, searching up the the stuff you didn't understand on wikipedia and then rewatching the show is a good way to go.
me hitting the replay button for the 2 millionth time:
Thanks for these Videos. I'm not sure if they'll help me with university biochemistry but I hope !!
Me: struggling with Honors chemistry and doesn’t know how to study
AP Chemistry Exam tomorrow. Binge Watching!!
How'd it go (lol sorry I'm so late)
I do not study for my Chem tests, I watch crash course 😍
Hey, that's an awesome fundamental question! If you go back and watch the CC episode on electrons, Hank explains how electrons reside in different energy states--shells contain subshells, which contain orbitals. Most atoms abide by either the octet or the duet rule. The principle for each remains the same: in order to gain maximum stability (lowest energetic state), an electron may be gained or lost to fill up or diminish the overflow of a shell. This is why the electrons don't re-transfer. :)
that hot vampire nerdy girl is marceline (from adventure time) hahahha...hank you're the best in making boring things fun.
Ryouta Kise I'm so glad I'm not the only one that noticed that lol
I cant believe this video has only 1.4M views, that's about as many times I have seen it. Awesome video btw.
2:25 Marceline the vampire queen from adventure time?
YESSS SOMEONE NOTICED
Yay it wasn’t just me that got hyped
amazing world of gumball better
@@dominoscustomersupport4373 no
JAKE THE DOG AND FINN THE HUMAN LIVE TOGETHER AS ONE ADVENTURE TIME
0:12... The Fault in Our Stars...
*Goes into a corner*
"We here at crash course do not dispense relationship advice."
Can't say the same for John in his World History series. xD
link? for a friend, I mean
A co-ordinate covalent bond or a dative bond is a type of covalent bond in which both the electrons of the shared electron pair are donated by the same radical. For example, the co-ordinate bond between hydrogen ion and water in hydronium ion. And yes, acids like HCL are polar covalent. You can tell this by the large difference in electronegativity of H and Cl.
I SAW THAT GUS AND HAZEL REFERENCE AT THE START HANK ;_;
I think you are mixing up the different ways to look at Coulomb's Law.
For Coulomb's Law:
F= (ke*q1*q2)/(r^2)
this is simliar to the gravitational force equation
F = (G*m1*m2)/(r^2)
Force is in Newtons.
When we walk over into chemistry land...
Modified Coulomb's Law for lattice energy:
E= (k*Q1*Q2)/(r)
Energy in joules.
I hope this helps.
Up and Atom!
7:25 "The NaCl bond is, in fact, quite strong"
places NaCl into water
instantly dissolves, bond breaks XD
thanks HANK ur lectures make chemistry easy to understand and if anyone of u is getting stuck to understand u can also see subtitles and i dont think that he talk too fast HANK has no need to slow his speed instead u guys need to enhance ur listening power
Omg i saw MARCILYN!
Adventure time's the best
These videos are SO helpful, you dont understand. We cannot thank you enough.
Can you do a video on hybridization and valence bond theory?
My chem teacher is always looking for videos to show to the class, I'll show this to her!
Dear Crash Course, can you please put subtitles in your chemistry videos? Or at least, Hank, could you slow down the narration a bit maybe? Either of these changes will be very appreciated
It's perfectly fine for me.
Check out Khan Academy...I used them and come here for a concise review. :)
Play it at a slower speed
幸好有字幕，感谢，化学老师上课就是很喜欢放这位仁兄的教学短片，thx!!!!
minute 4:00
CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ALERT!!!
Thanks for acknowledging the viewers and lovers of Crash Course
u shud be my reg chem teacher
Said EVERYONE THAT HAS DONE CHEMISTRY ... Ever
Urja Kohli You need a new english teacher...
don't you understand that I was writing that in short form? Is this better for you, grammar cop? By the way, you should learn how to spell your own name before you go judging other people's English.
Urja Kohli What did I spell wrong?
Urja Kohli and I could understand what you said, it just looked like shit.
You are right Hank, John is more charismatic but you are excellent in Chemistry and Biology
Hank: *"atoms are a lot like us"*
Me, an intellectual: *"atoms ARE us"*
you're the reason why i will pass my chem midterm
O.o I kinda got lost and spaced out while he was talking yet I understand what he is trying to say at the same time. cool video XD
No you didn't why lie.
-_- how would you know?
Nah am playing just wanted to get your attention
You on Instagram?
o: No.............lol
I'm in need of a way to contact you tho 😩😩😩
shoutout to this guy for helping me pass chemistry
What’s up quarantine squad 😎
I’m reaaallly trying to like chemistry, but it’s really difficult and it makes me want to cry.