Yes, in German, an S before a hard vowel generally becomes an SH: Shtop! But the popular Anglophone pronunciation "Reik Shtag" rubs me the wrong way. Reichstag is a compound noun: Reichs + Tag. Also, the ch in ich and ech is different from the one in ach and och. Don't say Reicccch Shtag. Gah! Reishs-Tag would be much closer to the proper pronunciation.
From my conclusions about the Weimar Republic's government I've only found one big flaw which has to do with only the government: The Head of State (so the Reichspräsident, or President of the Realm or just President) had way too many powers. While many European countries past and present have had a parliamentary deadlock due to the proportional voting system (the system Hilbert explained in the video), giving the president too many powers opens the path to a semi-dictatorship. While Weimar Germany's parliament did have some powers, they were eventually able to be bypassed by the President entirely. While Ebert could use this power for good, Hindenburg just became an autocrat because of parliamentary deadlock, although he did accept the new status quo in Germany untill Hitler came along and influenced him. Besides that the biggest problem I can see in the government is the overrepresentation of Prussia, which as a state should have been divided into atleast Rhineland-Westphalia (which could also be two states in itself) and the former kingdom of Hannover as their own states while Prussia would remain in control of Brandenburg, East Prussia and what remained of West Prussia. However, as a whole Prussia itself didn't seem to be much of a problem untill the state came under the control of the nazis, who ended up using that state as a stepping stone to more power within the entire Republic itself. Other than that the Weimar government actually seems to be pretty amazing even for today. I think a lot of people make the mistake that it was the government at fault for Weimar's collapse into Nazi Germany. However, as a democracy it seemed to work on a systematic level. The problem is that a large part of the German people just ended up not very in favour of democracy and just voted in parties which actively undermined it. You can make the most perfect system of government imaginable, but if the people don't like it then it is never going to work, whether you have a very restrictive or a very open system of government.
I think the problem was the political culture. There had been events of martial law in the Weimar republic even before Hitler, when the weak government had tried to restore order and beating down revolutionary political extremists movements and their militant uprisings. So the mainstream political class ended up stop worrying that the paragraph in the constitution that enabled dictatorial powers could end up in wrong hands, because they was so used to it. And perhaps it was not so much of a problem when milktoast centrist politicans hold all power. But it became a huge problem when an evil bastard like Hitler abused the system to de facto making himself a dictator. He censored the press. He outlawed other parties. And with all powers in nazi party hands, he could start making any type of laws that he wanted.... and the rest is history. Another reason why the Weimar Republic failed despite having the most beautiful and democratic constitution in European history was the lack of enthusiasm the democratic system had. The Communists and Nazis wanted it destroyed. And the mainstream right only defended it half-heartedly, and they rather felt nostaligic and wanted to bring back the old monarchy back. So it was only the socialdemocrats and the labour movement that wanted to keep the Weimar Republic alive. So it is not so surprising that it was the rightwing parties that invited Hitler into a coalition government that ended up banning the leftwing parties. And when that had been done with the help of the right, Hitler could create his dictatorship and even crush all rightwing parties as well and lay all power into his own hands.
I think you're entirely correct about your assessment on the Weimar Republic, although I would like to add two points to it: 1. From my perspective those martial laws were caused by instability sometimes caused by events in other countries, and Weimar was in so bad in a situation that that instability encouraged more support for undemocratic parties, which in turn amplified the level of instability et cetera. When the democratic parties lost their majority they in essense also lose all their tools they used to keep democracy afloat, although the reason why the Weimar Republic was kept alive was probably because of the rivalry between both extreme right and extreme left which ensured that the democratic centre was able to form governments with the extreme right. 2. The German Democratic Party (later succeeded by the German State Party) and Zentrum (officially the Centre Party, which was a centre-right party which de facto was mostly a catholic party) were pretty strong democratic parties with a few very tough democrats, such as the post-war chancellor Konrad Adenauer. The GDP and successor, while loyal to democracy, seemed to have utterly collapsed after 1930 since barely anyone supported hardline democrats anymore while Zentrum started to cooperate with the undermocratic right-wing from what I understand. The modern day German liberals were formed by the GDP and most of Zentrum later formed the CDU (Merkel's Party) after the war, although the original Zentrum still exists... so in essence they did win against the extreme left and right :-)
I’m with Elizabeth on this one, the idea was pretty good - it worked pretty similar as in today’s German system (maybe that thing that the president could suspend all other powers was a little bit too much). Sometimes the rules aren’t the problem, but their execution. As far as I know, in today’s Germany, is far more difficult to obtain that many seats; there are much more parties and I’m guessing that the resources are distributed more evenly among them so that no individual party can get an absolute majority (coalitions need to be done). But correct me if I’m wrong with something, because I’m not German. Also regulations in propaganda, resources and division of power are important for a democracy. Anything that makes the competition fair.
01:16 May i ask why you make both the left wing and the Nazi (NSDAP) red ? its a different shade yes. Why not make it brown. As the nazi's where called in germany at the time? ( brown uniform of the SA ) (brown shirts as they where called.) I know you used the red color for the NSDAP in earlyer videos. But why not use the brown through out your videos ? informative video
Torben Johansen, perhaps he was referring to their threat to Weimar? No matter your political standing, they were not Weimar and they could have both been colour coded to show that they were extreme, anti-Weimar Parties. I don’t know, perhaps History with Hilbert does.
Panteni87 No they weren't. They called themselves socialist, because it was popular at the time. All actual socialists in the party like Strasser got purged by Hitler and when he got into power, he privatized much of the economy and worked closely together with corporations and industrialists.
If you want to be taken seriously as a history channel, don't choose your thumbnail for a video on the Weimar Republic to have a map of post-1990 Germany.
Immer diese "supergeilen" Anspielungen auf die Edeka Werbung in deinen Videos, und die meisten Leute denken dass das wahrscheinlich irgendein offizielles Dokument oder so ist :D
That's what it is with us History nerds, we just know about places and there history. I get in a taxi and after a 5 minute conversation they will say same to me. I know more about their country than most of there compatriots.
I don't know a lot about Germany, but it seems like I know more about Germany than most Germans since all the focus on the education system seems to be to talk about the period 1918-1945. But then many things are missed: Holy Roman empire, the Hanseatic league, all the wars of religion, Prussia, the industrial revolution in Germany, and such.
FYI: “Reichstag” is parsed as “Reich(s)+tag” and so the “s” is not occurring in a syllable before “t” and thus is not /ʃ/. So it should be /ˈʁaɪçs.taːk/ not /ˈʁaɪç.ʃtaːk/. I want to explicitly note that I am ignoring the differences of the final word devoicing (/tag/ instead of /tak/) as it is more so an allophonic rule so it’s not really “wrong” to keep the voicing, it just sounds weird. Also, I would give lenience for /ɹ/ instead of /ʁ/ because rhotic sounds are the most weird and varied sound ever, but you got that one pretty nice. :)
Since 1999 the new German parliament has been sitting in the "Parliament hall of the German Reichtag", short called Reichstag. 1933 the building was destroyed by fire and than only poorly secured. After 1990 it was rebuilt within the existing walls. This includes other new buildings, but also buildings that were built around 1939. The West German Parliament also did not want to move to the "island" of West Berlin after 1945 and founded the Bonn Republic. East Berlin was the seat of the GDR (East Germany) until 1990.
9:13 “That’s essentially the same as the old Kaiser” not really, the kaisers control over legislation was pretty much the same as the president of the Weimar Republic, but the Kaiser didn’t have a article 48 to let him bypass it. The way the Kaiser and the nobility bypassed the reichstag was through the bundestag which was the 2nd Reich’s equivalent to the reichstag except that they had much more power.
hm, interesting the Weimar Republic changed the name from Bundesrat (council of the federation) as it was called under the empire to Reichsrat (council of the realm/empire) and even reduced it's powers, I didn't know that.
The S in the middle of Reichstag is a English s sound, not sh! St at the beginning of a word is indeed sch. But here it is a genitive S meaning "of the realm". Tag is a separate word, compounded with Reich. So in rough ipa raiçsta:k.
I'm pretty sure that this question was already asked, but why do you use the modern borders of Germany and not the actual one's of the Weimar Republic? I suppose the latter one's are hard to find in good quality?
Reichs-tag and not Reich-stag. It's short for "Die Tagung des Reiches" which means something like "The convention of the Empire". Apart from this, great video indeed.
So they had a better system than we have in Canada today. We tried to get a pro-rep system a couple of years ago but the government reneged on its election reform promise.
The President: The President was elected for a seven-year term and had significant powers. They could appoint the Chancellor, control the military, and also had emergency powers under Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, which allowed them to take unilateral action in times of crisis. Chancellor: The Chancellor was responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the government. While the Chancellor did bring new laws for vote to the Reichstag, they were not the only one who could initiate legislation. Members of the Reichstag could also introduce bills. Importantly, the Chancellor had to maintain the confidence of the majority in the Reichstag, which in the fractured political landscape of the Weimar Republic, proved to be a difficult task. Reichstag and Reichsrat: The Reichstag was the lower house and the principal legislative body. Members were elected based on proportional representation. The Reichsrat represented the states of Germany and could veto legislation passed by the Reichstag, but this veto could be overridden by the Reichstag with a two-thirds majority. While the President could dissolve the Reichstag and call for new elections, they couldn't do the same for the Reichsrat as its members were not directly elected but were representatives of the state governments. Majority Requirement: Laws generally needed a simple majority in the Reichstag to pass, but certain laws, like those that would amend the constitution, required a two-thirds majority.
I just think proportional representation is bad for a large country anyway. Unless your a microstates, its unfair, impractical and ironically, not representative enough. Without much of any local representation, all the politicians, in all the parties you vote for, could all just be from Berlin. Single Transferable Vote's a lot better. With ranking politicians, and more representatives to vote on, within a local area. And politicians have more pressure to listen to rural communities and not just, you know, Frankfurt or Munich. Or you could go with a mix of STV and PR, kinda like New Zealand's system.
For practical reasons I think a mixture is needed between the electoral collage and popular votes. For example, the first chamber in parliament could be elected proportionally, while the second chamber is more biased in favour of the less populated countryside. So they would balance themselves out, so that the city voters cannot just plunder the countryside for their own benifit by for example removing taxes on housing (which is more expensive in cities) and increase taxes on transportation (which is more expensive at the countryside). The national interest should go first. And not personal interest, and benifitting your own group at other peoples expense. The big election should be decided by a proportional vote so that the system can have any democratic legitimacy and everyone feel that their vote is just as much worth as someone elses. And this is an important principle. We might not all have the same size of our wallet or social status, but on election day we should all be equal. And the poor masses should on this day be able tell the rich and powerful to fuck off, and be able to demand change and kick out the fuckers who act unsolidarity with the rest of society.
Most modern proportional systems don't have nationwide proportionality but divide themselves into constituencies small enough to be local, and also use open lists and require parties to nominate locally via a chapter of the party made by the people who actually live in the constituency.
Hey Hilbert! I love your videos about the Weimar republic and particularly liked the one about the Mongol religion. I would suggest you to make a couple of videos on Indian religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism), what connects them and what differentiates them
I do consider poor subsaharan Africa to be just like that. The African countries are too poor to pay subsidies to farmers and corporations. And they are forbidden to make protectionist policies, healthcare spending, and feeding the poor so they will not die........ because the IMF, the world bank and the WTO would put sanctions, cut all the foreign aid and refuse to lend out any money to them if they refuse to agree to letting their own people starve to death and killing off their own industry by foreign competition.
FYI: Germany still hast the position of President and technically said President is the head of state. However the President is more of a symbolic position because theoretically he has no power at all. The only "power" he has is he can veto the passing of a law. But even this veto can be overturned. Because of that many people (including germans) don't even know that Germany has a president. The reason that the modern president is so powerless is because the people that enacted Germanys basic law (takes the place of the costitution, wich is an entirely different story) were trying to correct the mistakes (of the political system) of the Weimar Republic and therefore stripped the president of his powers, wich is why the chancellor is the one effectively ruling the country. The current president of Germany is Frank-Walter Steinmeier. Other positions before he became president include: Chief of the chansellors office (I hope that is the correct translation), minister of foreign (twice) and vice chansellor
Interesting. In some senses very democratic and in others dictatorial. That's given my brain something to chew over. Is that good or bad??? Hmmmhmhmmnhhhmmmhhhmmm
Stefan Milo you might find it interesting to know that the romans could elect a dictator in times of need even as a republic. The democratic process takes time which is not always available. This time tempers the unwanted whimsbof the ruling classes but needs to be bypassed for effecient govering in certain situations. In essention the rule of process vs fast decision making
Well it lead to a Dictatorship where the leader caused the most deadly war in History in which millions of there own people died and the country was split in half for 50 years so probably.... bad.
I mean I'm not in favour of dictatorships really. Just didn't expect the system to be as different as it is to most current republics. I'm sure the cause of WW2 was more complicated than just the political structure of the Weimar Republic.
Well Nazi's gaining power was a historical "flashpoint" it very easily could of been avoided if the structure of the Weimer Republik was set up differently
Article 48 is really an idea from the Roman Republic. It worked well, until it didn't. Since many German states were compelled by war to join the 2nd Reich, was there much agitation during the Weimar period to return to local control? I would think Bavaria and the other states would have had enough of being part of "Germany."
Bavaria had separatist movements on both left and right. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic But otherwise I guess that there was not that much of separatist movements going on. Many (including Hitler from Austria) rather felt the opposite and wanted all German speaking persons to belong in a unified country. And nationalism was not something that was looked down upon as in today, on the contrary, patriotism was seen as virtue by most people.
Fix your borders man! In every video about the Weimar Republic you have the wrong borders. You can‘t just use the 1990 borders. During Weimar times Silesia, Pomerania and East Prussia were still part of Germany. Pls fix, literally unwatchable.
dude, please fix your pronunciation of reichstag - there's no "sh" sound there. e.g., google translate says it correctly: translate.google.com/#de/en/reichstag
So I've been re-watching these Weimar Republic videos and doing my research and my conclusion is that the WR failed for two main reasons: (and YMMV) 1. Proportional Representation - Good in theory because of a large variety of parties; BAD in reality because with not much chance of obtaining a majority, coalitions had to be formed; and well . . . . the WR went through many changes> 2. Article 48 - ambiguous in it's text about emergencies and such
Funny this history buff doesn't mention degeneracy, prostituting the youth, fritz lang's "M," the blue angel, threepenny opera, ben hecht, babylon on the spree, voluptuous panic, marlene dietrichs/lillian harveys, and much more. You just suck.
I'm re-watching these Weimar Germany videos (because I like history) . . . Wow, such is the folly of Parliamentary Democracy; all those political parties (NOT on the surface a bad thing, you do have more choices) and when no majority is formed . . . Coalition time!
Nazis were father left than right. If you were to say far right you must look at politics of Republicans or Democrats. Republicans want a smaller government so it wouldn't make sense that the farther you go right the more government, no it would be less government making the farthest right you could is anarchy. Now the farther left you go would mean more government and you see because one of the big things for Democrats fight for is bigger government. If you then take the Democrats wanting more government then the far left would be my beloved Communist, archenemy the Nazis, dictatorship, etc. And to end it, take a piece of paper put it side ways draw a line from top left to bottom right, draw three lines splitting into three sections, write Democrats on the left section and Republicans on the right and that will show you what I am talking about. You can split into more sections because I moderate Democrats would probably be one the right side of the left section and the opposite for a moderate Republican. Have a nice day.
Actual Conversation Discussing Prussia’s power in the Reichstag
“Prussia OP Pls nerf.”
“Ja”
Joshou eu4 ?
Poor Klaus, after the war they put his mind into the body of ein goldfish.
but they did win those olympics or whatever it was
Yes, in German, an S before a hard vowel generally becomes an SH: Shtop! But the popular Anglophone pronunciation "Reik Shtag" rubs me the wrong way. Reichstag is a compound noun: Reichs + Tag. Also, the ch in ich and ech is different from the one in ach and och. Don't say Reicccch Shtag. Gah! Reishs-Tag would be much closer to the proper pronunciation.
From my conclusions about the Weimar Republic's government I've only found one big flaw which has to do with only the government:
The Head of State (so the Reichspräsident, or President of the Realm or just President) had way too many powers.
While many European countries past and present have had a parliamentary deadlock due to the proportional voting system (the system Hilbert explained in the video), giving the president too many powers opens the path to a semi-dictatorship. While Weimar Germany's parliament did have some powers, they were eventually able to be bypassed by the President entirely. While Ebert could use this power for good, Hindenburg just became an autocrat because of parliamentary deadlock, although he did accept the new status quo in Germany untill Hitler came along and influenced him.
Besides that the biggest problem I can see in the government is the overrepresentation of Prussia, which as a state should have been divided into atleast Rhineland-Westphalia (which could also be two states in itself) and the former kingdom of Hannover as their own states while Prussia would remain in control of Brandenburg, East Prussia and what remained of West Prussia. However, as a whole Prussia itself didn't seem to be much of a problem untill the state came under the control of the nazis, who ended up using that state as a stepping stone to more power within the entire Republic itself.
Other than that the Weimar government actually seems to be pretty amazing even for today. I think a lot of people make the mistake that it was the government at fault for Weimar's collapse into Nazi Germany. However, as a democracy it seemed to work on a systematic level.
The problem is that a large part of the German people just ended up not very in favour of democracy and just voted in parties which actively undermined it.
You can make the most perfect system of government imaginable, but if the people don't like it then it is never going to work, whether you have a very restrictive or a very open system of government.
I think the problem was the political culture.
There had been events of martial law in the Weimar republic even before Hitler, when the weak government had tried to restore order and beating down revolutionary political extremists movements and their militant uprisings.
So the mainstream political class ended up stop worrying that the paragraph in the constitution that enabled dictatorial powers could end up in wrong hands, because they was so used to it.
And perhaps it was not so much of a problem when milktoast centrist politicans hold all power. But it became a huge problem when an evil bastard like Hitler abused the system to de facto making himself a dictator.
He censored the press. He outlawed other parties. And with all powers in nazi party hands, he could start making any type of laws that he wanted.... and the rest is history.
Another reason why the Weimar Republic failed despite having the most beautiful and democratic constitution in European history was the lack of enthusiasm the democratic system had. The Communists and Nazis wanted it destroyed. And the mainstream right only defended it half-heartedly, and they rather felt nostaligic and wanted to bring back the old monarchy back.
So it was only the socialdemocrats and the labour movement that wanted to keep the Weimar Republic alive.
So it is not so surprising that it was the rightwing parties that invited Hitler into a coalition government that ended up banning the leftwing parties. And when that had been done with the help of the right, Hitler could create his dictatorship and even crush all rightwing parties as well and lay all power into his own hands.
I think you're entirely correct about your assessment on the Weimar Republic, although I would like to add two points to it:
1. From my perspective those martial laws were caused by instability sometimes caused by events in other countries, and Weimar was in so bad in a situation that that instability encouraged more support for undemocratic parties, which in turn amplified the level of instability et cetera. When the democratic parties lost their majority they in essense also lose all their tools they used to keep democracy afloat, although the reason why the Weimar Republic was kept alive was probably because of the rivalry between both extreme right and extreme left which ensured that the democratic centre was able to form governments with the extreme right.
2. The German Democratic Party (later succeeded by the German State Party) and Zentrum (officially the Centre Party, which was a centre-right party which de facto was mostly a catholic party) were pretty strong democratic parties with a few very tough democrats, such as the post-war chancellor Konrad Adenauer. The GDP and successor, while loyal to democracy, seemed to have utterly collapsed after 1930 since barely anyone supported hardline democrats anymore while Zentrum started to cooperate with the undermocratic right-wing from what I understand. The modern day German liberals were formed by the GDP and most of Zentrum later formed the CDU (Merkel's Party) after the war, although the original Zentrum still exists... so in essence they did win against the extreme left and right :-)
Nick dB As one former US President once said. "It's the economy, stupid."
How did it work?
Not very well...
I must say Hilbert, the Dutch-British, has more authority on German history than many Germans. Your interest in the Weimar is paying off nicely.
"The system we have in Westminster.... at the moment". I'm thinking that line contains a hidden message.
Angharad is Hilbert planning to overthrow the government?
Really?!? What gave it away, "genius"? 🙄😣😒
How did the weimar government work?
Short answer: badly
Sergio Bosque The Weirmar Republic worked about as good, as Stalin's planned invasion of Finland.
A total Disaster.
I personally think its a basis of what Germany is today, and we aren’t so bad off.
I’m with Elizabeth on this one, the idea was pretty good - it worked pretty similar as in today’s German system (maybe that thing that the president could suspend all other powers was a little bit too much).
Sometimes the rules aren’t the problem, but their execution. As far as I know, in today’s Germany, is far more difficult to obtain that many seats; there are much more parties and I’m guessing that the resources are distributed more evenly among them so that no individual party can get an absolute majority (coalitions need to be done). But correct me if I’m wrong with something, because I’m not German.
Also regulations in propaganda, resources and division of power are important for a democracy. Anything that makes the competition fair.
When you have those 2 extremist groups in the parliament, bruh moment
Worked as well as any government could under the circumstances until Hindenburg went and appointed Hitler as chancellor for no reason.
Cheers dude, this was great. Completely titrates an otherwise very convoluted historical institution.
>Weimar republic
>work
What
01:16 May i ask why you make both the left wing and the Nazi (NSDAP) red ? its a different shade yes.
Why not make it brown. As the nazi's where called in germany at the time? ( brown uniform of the SA ) (brown shirts as they where called.)
I know you used the red color for the NSDAP in earlyer videos. But why not use the brown through out your videos ? informative video
Torben Johansen, perhaps he was referring to their threat to Weimar? No matter your political standing, they were not Weimar and they could have both been colour coded to show that they were extreme, anti-Weimar Parties. I don’t know, perhaps History with Hilbert does.
Well, the NSDAP was very socialist...
Panteni87 no, the nazi loved their privitatzation
yes but they where known as the brown shirts in german braun hemden ( also known as die braune seuche ) through out the waimar republick
Panteni87 No they weren't. They called themselves socialist, because it was popular at the time. All actual socialists in the party like Strasser got purged by Hitler and when he got into power, he privatized much of the economy and worked closely together with corporations and industrialists.
It didn't...
If you want to be taken seriously as a history channel, don't choose your thumbnail for a video on the Weimar Republic to have a map of post-1990 Germany.
christosvoskresye I believe he's addressed this before, and the reason is based in copyright issues.
@@Cos_Why_Not Copyright? Damn, the French do not want us to use this map.
Immer diese "supergeilen" Anspielungen auf die Edeka Werbung in deinen Videos, und die meisten Leute denken dass das wahrscheinlich irgendein offizielles Dokument oder so ist :D
supergeil...
I use Article 48 to force a law that makes the next video about Brünning
You should do a serie about how Gouvernements work
Rayan Hachem good idea
Could you do the German Empire "Kaiserreich" and the USSR too?
Is it embarrassing that you do know more about my country's history than many of my fellow Germans?
...no?
That's what it is with us History nerds, we just know about places and there history. I get in a taxi and after a 5 minute conversation they will say same to me. I know more about their country than most of there compatriots.
I don't know a lot about Germany, but it seems like I know more about Germany than most Germans since all the focus on the education system seems to be to talk about the period 1918-1945.
But then many things are missed: Holy Roman empire, the Hanseatic league, all the wars of religion, Prussia, the industrial revolution in Germany, and such.
I like the periods from the Napoleonic to the unification of the German State. The wars with Austria, Denmark & France.
It’s impressive
FYI: “Reichstag” is parsed as “Reich(s)+tag” and so the “s” is not occurring in a syllable before “t” and thus is not /ʃ/. So it should be /ˈʁaɪçs.taːk/ not /ˈʁaɪç.ʃtaːk/.
I want to explicitly note that I am ignoring the differences of the final word devoicing (/tag/ instead of /tak/) as it is more so an allophonic rule so it’s not really “wrong” to keep the voicing, it just sounds weird. Also, I would give lenience for /ɹ/ instead of /ʁ/ because rhotic sounds are the most weird and varied sound ever, but you got that one pretty nice. :)
That “Reichsrat” is glorious. :)
The Dutch! :O
Small thing, “Sozial” is /sotsial/ not /soʃial/
Great video again, Hilbert! :)
So were the votes done using a first past the post system or by single transferable vote?
Thanks for making this video .
Since 1999 the new German parliament has been sitting in the "Parliament hall of the German Reichtag", short called Reichstag.
1933 the building was destroyed by fire and than only poorly secured. After 1990 it was rebuilt within the existing walls. This includes other new buildings, but also buildings that were built around 1939.
The West German Parliament also did not want to move to the "island" of West Berlin after 1945 and founded the Bonn Republic. East Berlin was the seat of the GDR (East Germany) until 1990.
Watched Babylon Berlin yet Hilbert?
Mr Fish it seems that historical TV shows are becoming a trend now, and I think it's good
9:13 “That’s essentially the same as the old Kaiser” not really, the kaisers control over legislation was pretty much the same as the president of the Weimar Republic, but the Kaiser didn’t have a article 48 to let him bypass it. The way the Kaiser and the nobility bypassed the reichstag was through the bundestag which was the 2nd Reich’s equivalent to the reichstag except that they had much more power.
Wrong map of germany (i can't remember if you adressed this or if it was somone else)
4:42 little mistake here. The last one is called "SchaumbUrg-Lippe" not berg.
hm, interesting the Weimar Republic changed the name from Bundesrat (council of the federation) as it was called under the empire to Reichsrat (council of the realm/empire) and even reduced it's powers, I didn't know that.
2:45 "God save the Kaiser??!!" Where is he? I don't see him.
"Reitschdaag" :-)
The difference between "Reichs-tag" and "Reich-stag" (Hint: only one of them is correct)
The S in the middle of Reichstag is a English s sound, not sh! St at the beginning of a word is indeed sch. But here it is a genitive S meaning "of the realm". Tag is a separate word, compounded with Reich. So in rough ipa raiçsta:k.
Very helpful for AS revision thank you
Ili KeBleach and GCSE lol
Use the real Germany map from the Weimar Republic
Oh my God Supergeil, is it from Edeka add?
I'm pretty sure that this question was already asked, but why do you use the modern borders of Germany and not the actual one's of the Weimar Republic? I suppose the latter one's are hard to find in good quality?
I think it's due to copyright
Reichs-tag and not Reich-stag. It's short for "Die Tagung des Reiches" which means something like "The convention of the Empire". Apart from this, great video indeed.
Hé Hilbert, studeer jij toevallig ook geschiedenis? Dat ga ik volgend jaar namelijk doen hopelijk (als ik slaag dit jaar).
Short answer: it didn't work.
So they had a better system than we have in Canada today. We tried to get a pro-rep system a couple of years ago but the government reneged on its election reform promise.
Mr. Hilbert . . . . what sparked your interest in Weimar Republic era Germany?
The President: The President was elected for a seven-year term and had significant powers. They could appoint the Chancellor, control the military, and also had emergency powers under Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, which allowed them to take unilateral action in times of crisis.
Chancellor: The Chancellor was responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the government. While the Chancellor did bring new laws for vote to the Reichstag, they were not the only one who could initiate legislation. Members of the Reichstag could also introduce bills. Importantly, the Chancellor had to maintain the confidence of the majority in the Reichstag, which in the fractured political landscape of the Weimar Republic, proved to be a difficult task.
Reichstag and Reichsrat: The Reichstag was the lower house and the principal legislative body. Members were elected based on proportional representation. The Reichsrat represented the states of Germany and could veto legislation passed by the Reichstag, but this veto could be overridden by the Reichstag with a two-thirds majority. While the President could dissolve the Reichstag and call for new elections, they couldn't do the same for the Reichsrat as its members were not directly elected but were representatives of the state governments.
Majority Requirement: Laws generally needed a simple majority in the Reichstag to pass, but certain laws, like those that would amend the constitution, required a two-thirds majority.
I just think proportional representation is bad for a large country anyway. Unless your a microstates, its unfair, impractical and ironically, not representative enough.
Without much of any local representation, all the politicians, in all the parties you vote for, could all just be from Berlin.
Single Transferable Vote's a lot better. With ranking politicians, and more representatives to vote on, within a local area. And politicians have more pressure to listen to rural communities and not just, you know, Frankfurt or Munich. Or you could go with a mix of STV and PR, kinda like New Zealand's system.
For practical reasons I think a mixture is needed between the electoral collage and popular votes.
For example, the first chamber in parliament could be elected proportionally, while the second chamber is more biased in favour of the less populated countryside.
So they would balance themselves out, so that the city voters cannot just plunder the countryside for their own benifit by for example removing taxes on housing (which is more expensive in cities) and increase taxes on transportation (which is more expensive at the countryside).
The national interest should go first. And not personal interest, and benifitting your own group at other peoples expense.
The big election should be decided by a proportional vote so that the system can have any democratic legitimacy and everyone feel that their vote is just as much worth as someone elses. And this is an important principle. We might not all have the same size of our wallet or social status, but on election day we should all be equal.
And the poor masses should on this day be able tell the rich and powerful to fuck off, and be able to demand change and kick out the fuckers who act unsolidarity with the rest of society.
nattygsbord
that's the Australian electoral system you describing.
Most modern proportional systems don't have nationwide proportionality but divide themselves into constituencies small enough to be local, and also use open lists and require parties to nominate locally via a chapter of the party made by the people who actually live in the constituency.
Wouldn't the current map of Weimar Republic be pre-1933 map? Before Hitler?
Spoiler alert: it didn't.
the music is just distracting sometimes
Hey Hilbert! I love your videos about the Weimar republic and particularly liked the one about the Mongol religion. I would suggest you to make a couple of videos on Indian religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism), what connects them and what differentiates them
Has there ever been a constitutional minarchy in recorded history?
I do consider poor subsaharan Africa to be just like that. The African countries are too poor to pay subsidies to farmers and corporations. And they are forbidden to make protectionist policies, healthcare spending, and feeding the poor so they will not die........
because the IMF, the world bank and the WTO would put sanctions, cut all the foreign aid and refuse to lend out any money to them if they refuse to agree to letting their own people starve to death and killing off their own industry by foreign competition.
FYI: Germany still hast the position of President and technically said President is the head of state. However the President is more of a symbolic position because theoretically he has no power at all. The only "power" he has is he can veto the passing of a law. But even this veto can be overturned. Because of that many people (including germans) don't even know that Germany has a president. The reason that the modern president is so powerless is because the people that enacted Germanys basic law (takes the place of the costitution, wich is an entirely different story) were trying to correct the mistakes (of the political system) of the Weimar Republic and therefore stripped the president of his powers, wich is why the chancellor is the one effectively ruling the country.
The current president of Germany is Frank-Walter Steinmeier. Other positions before he became president include:
Chief of the chansellors office (I hope that is the correct translation),
minister of foreign (twice)
and vice chansellor
What is your problem?
Thanks for the explanation!
Great video!
Anyone here because of school?
Just interested in this era of history.
Interesting. In some senses very democratic and in others dictatorial. That's given my brain something to chew over. Is that good or bad??? Hmmmhmhmmnhhhmmmhhhmmm
Stefan Milo you might find it interesting to know that the romans could elect a dictator in times of need even as a republic.
The democratic process takes time which is not always available. This time tempers the unwanted whimsbof the ruling classes but needs to be bypassed for effecient govering in certain situations.
In essention the rule of process vs fast decision making
Well it lead to a Dictatorship where the leader caused the most deadly war in History in which millions of there own people died and the country was split in half for 50 years so probably.... bad.
I mean I'm not in favour of dictatorships really. Just didn't expect the system to be as different as it is to most current republics. I'm sure the cause of WW2 was more complicated than just the political structure of the Weimar Republic.
Well Nazi's gaining power was a historical "flashpoint" it very easily could of been avoided if the structure of the Weimer Republik was set up differently
Damo2690 I don't know enough about it to comment on that
Article 48 is really an idea from the Roman Republic. It worked well, until it didn't.
Since many German states were compelled by war to join the 2nd Reich, was there much agitation during the Weimar period to return to local control? I would think Bavaria and the other states would have had enough of being part of "Germany."
Bavaria had separatist movements on both left and right. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic
But otherwise I guess that there was not that much of separatist movements going on.
Many (including Hitler from Austria) rather felt the opposite and wanted all German speaking persons to belong in a unified country. And nationalism was not something that was looked down upon as in today, on the contrary, patriotism was seen as virtue by most people.
Omg…the Supergeil Easter egg
Judea declares war on Germany. NY times 1933.
Wow that's.... antisemitic!!!😭😭😭😭
Ah Hilbert, jij bent zelf ook supergeil, jongen.
Very handy! Thanks!
Underrated era in Deutschland 🇩🇪
It didn't?
In a way it was a lot like American democracy, but voting for us is by the electoral college
Yeah, thank God for president trump
It didn't.
Erik Van der Zee
Yet the golden age of Weimar was I think the most successful period Germany went through before its division.
@@---uf2zl because the other age was literally Nazis
great video
Excellent video, though you called Heinrich Brunning, Hermann
In a sentence: it didn't work.
Do the 1932 German presidential election.
dude, you used the wrong map for Germany, PRussia was cut by half with that map.
Fix your borders man! In every video about the Weimar Republic you have the wrong borders. You can‘t just use the 1990 borders. During Weimar times Silesia, Pomerania and East Prussia were still part of Germany. Pls fix, literally unwatchable.
bruh i hope this is sarcasm
Elections were every seven years not every four years...
Finally, someone says Weimar with the w as a v
still totally butchering the word "Reichstag"
I think they should have made the president weaker but make the reichstag more powerful and make Prussia have less representation
This is excellent history
It doesn't
you mean it didn't.
Captain Picard to be fair, it still doesn't
Tom, 1933 is a while ago.
I answered the doesn't question not the didn't question but it would be both better and less confusing if I answered the didn't question.
Is it bad that I hissed when he mentioned Marxists?
John Rackley indeed!
a little bit autistic but not bad
Bro this is incrediblely confuse
dude, please fix your pronunciation of reichstag - there's no "sh" sound there. e.g., google translate says it correctly: translate.google.com/#de/en/reichstag
Reichs-Tag, not Reich Shtag
These video are really helpful as I am doing the Weimar and Nazi Germany for my GCSE
Supergeil
It didn't
So I've been re-watching these Weimar Republic videos and doing my research and my conclusion is that the WR failed for two main reasons: (and YMMV)
1. Proportional Representation - Good in theory because of a large variety of parties; BAD in reality because with not much chance of obtaining a majority, coalitions had to be formed; and well . . . . the WR went through many changes>
2. Article 48 - ambiguous in it's text about emergencies and such
Funny this history buff doesn't mention degeneracy, prostituting the youth, fritz lang's "M," the blue angel, threepenny opera, ben hecht, babylon on the spree, voluptuous panic, marlene dietrichs/lillian harveys, and much more. You just suck.
Simple answer: it didn’t
Ich bin ein Berliner
Reich also = empire
I sure hope no one pins this
no
no
Hey...Sweet icon!
I'm re-watching these Weimar Germany videos (because I like history) . . .
Wow, such is the folly of Parliamentary Democracy; all those political parties (NOT on the surface a bad thing, you do have more choices) and when no majority is formed . . . Coalition time!
I got an insight on the Weimar Government ...in history...
Interesting
First
Wonder how many Nazis will be in the comments this time
Nazis were father left than right. If you were to say far right you must look at politics of Republicans or Democrats. Republicans want a smaller government so it wouldn't make sense that the farther you go right the more government, no it would be less government making the farthest right you could is anarchy. Now the farther left you go would mean more government and you see because one of the big things for Democrats fight for is bigger government. If you then take the Democrats wanting more government then the far left would be my beloved Communist, archenemy the Nazis, dictatorship, etc. And to end it, take a piece of paper put it side ways draw a line from top left to bottom right, draw three lines splitting into three sections, write Democrats on the left section and Republicans on the right and that will show you what I am talking about. You can split into more sections because I moderate Democrats would probably be one the right side of the left section and the opposite for a moderate Republican. Have a nice day.
These euro-centric, almost Nazi apologist videos causes me to unsubscribe
Trick question, it didn't.
It didn't.
It didn't