Hey Prof., thanks for explaining this. I can't believe that practically no one is cognizant of the Randle cycle . I've been carnivore for about a year got myself relatively healthy went from 240lb to 175lb diabetes gone, arthritis gone, eczema mostly gone. Recently I have been trying to reintroduce some other foods because of other BS I've seen/heard talked about on other channels.... metabolic flexibility, cycling in and out of ketosis, blah blah blah. NO MORE!! Thank you so much for educating us on the dangers of a mixed diet.
I find all of this just incredibly fascinating. Take a look at these two people who have several presentations and interviews on UA-cam: Dr Chris Knobbe - Oils/PUFAs ua-cam.com/video/7kGnfXXIKZM/v-deo.html Tucker Goodrich - Oils/PUFAs ua-cam.com/video/DyVwn0kRGJs/v-deo.html
Thank you for another great video. I did know not to mix fat and carbs; however, I didnt know why. I have done the Atkins diet on and off since the 90s, but have always gotten in trouble when trying to add carbs back in. My mistake was not understanding that the diet needs to be consistently fat or carbs. In other words, it's not one or the other on a per meal basis, it's literally choosing fat or carbs and sticking with it permanently. I always went back to vegetables and grains because of the constant fearmongering. Dammit. I decided to go carnivore permanently a little over a year ago. Your videos have really helped to answer the questions I've had that aren't covered by others in this space..... because details. I'm grateful to you.
I am just watching your channel and I am Fascinated of your knowledge of nutrition. I'm not a student and not very smart LOL. But I understand enough to know that the carnivore diet is healthy for me. Thank you for making these videos
Wow! Eighteen months on keto diet and this is the first time I have heard of this Randle Cycle! Between Ivor Cummings and just come up on this site I've learned more in the last two weeks than the last 18 months.
Yes, thank you for this breakdown of the Randall Cycle on the cell level. It makes much more sense to me now. I have gone from Keto to strict carnivore over the past 4mos, and not I'm consuming any dairy. I started it to lose weight and alleviate arthritis back pain, which was 80% better 2 weeks into this diet. Also, my bad reflux is gone and I sleep so sound now. To me it's a miracle! 💕🥩🥓🍗💕
Thank you so much for your time and effort to explain this. There is still something that I don’t get. Do you or someone else mind explaining it to me? Here is my lack in Understanding: Both versions (A and B) lead to the accumulation of citrate within the Cell. In Version A this inhibits fat intake but in Version B accumulation of citrate inhibits glucose intake. So in fact in both cases there is an accumulation of citrate which should actually“close” both pathways at the same time. It seems there is no difference if there is more glucose or more fat or both at the same time. In every case the mitochondria produces citrate which then leads to inhibiting the intake of both (glucose and fat) at the same time. This puzzles me. 🤔
@@GreenGino humans are in a very select group of animals that don’t synthesise their own vitamin C from glucose, therefore it is essential to include it in the diet. Luckily ruminants all synthesise vitamin C themselves and it is found in their meats.
Thanks Prof. Very clearly explained. I wish they had included that when I studied biochemistry at uni, 30 something years ago. We learnt about fat metabolism and glucose metabolism but not the interaction between the two. It now makes so much sense why the so-called "balanced diet" never worked for me. Should be part of every doctors' education and then they might see why the dietary advice is such absolute bs. Good luck with your new channel.
Your school book on physiology learned you about how body fat are gained. You if doctors were following this logic much would be better. So why is doctors following seventh day adventist diet advice and follow pharma profit model when its all described in their physiology medicine book.
@@runemartinguldberg9056 because mechanics are only a possible explanation for a phenomenon. Unless there's an actual trial that shows demonstrably that mixing macronutrients leads to weight gain/poorer health outcomes in absence of other potential factors, this is effectively speculation to investigate
They have done such a study! Its called the Standard American Diet, AKA the SAD "healthy" my plate diet guide put out by the USDA and your friendly buddies at Big Pharma, Big Medical, Big Agriculture! The trial has been ongoing for the last 60 years! What do ya think? Is it working?
@@OatmealTheCrazy I agree with you that we need further testing to see if this is true. In my case, I always remained skinny, always had a 6 pack, even in my mid 40's, and I ate a balanced diet and have no issues and perfect blood work. It seems that just gaining weight may be the issue, but not what you eat.
Congratulations ! It is becoming more and more clear to me as I am watching your videos and interviews. It explains a lot and make me understand what was going on with my body for decades. I am on Ketogenic Diet for the last 5 years. Thank you very much for your work Professor Bart Kay.
I appreciate you started with the short explanation upfront. That is something I can share with my friends group. I tried to get thru the scientific explanation thereafter but I will not pretend to get it. You have a gift for distilling complicated biochemistry into a few sentences.
Another reason to go carnivore. Thank you for a very informativ video. I have now another point on my list over argument to use when i talk about diet to people, and why they should stop eating carbohydrates (shit), and insted start to eat fat and protein.... Your videos are just excellent! Keep up the good work, Bart. I'm looking forward to see more videos from you....
Thanks for your simple, easy-to-understand explanation here, Dr Bart. Prior to finding this video of yours, I was trying to listen to & understand Dr Ryan Attar's video (where he has you sitting there not able to get a word in edgeways), & he speaks so loudly & talks so fast (in a gratingly unpleasant vocal tone), & it is all so complicated with 'information overload', I finally felt overwhelmed & gave up trying to get it all. Then I found your explanation here & it was such a breath of fresh air in comparison. You speak slowly & make it simple to understand - (& your an Aussie like me). Thanks again!
Thank you, Bart! I now understand the Randle cycle a bit better, and why the carnivore diet is so beneficial, and why a carb-heavy “balanced diet” or SAD aren’t.
Other than mother’s milk, there aren’t any other natural foods that has a mixture of fats and sugars, so this makes perfect sense. Thank you Professor.
Prof Kay, This was super helpful. Strong likelihood I'm too ignorant to understand more, but i am interested in learning more about how each side interfaces with the Kreb's cycle, maybe in terms of efficiency at the molecular level....Also, does the fat side prefer a certain balance of FAs? Thanks
Thanks for the in-depth biochemistry explanation. I've been on keto for 3 years and have felt the benefits of going low carb. Like fat loss and no energy dips after meals.
@Bladerunner2043 Nope. Sugar and grains lead to a biochemical cascade that causes cholesterol deposition in arteries. Fat by itself is not a problem. You may have been misinformed by the plant based community.
@Bladerunner2043 Low carb is best for everyone. But for individuals, you can choose between several variations: paleo, keto, carnivore, etc. Choose the one you can stick to.
Hi Professor Bart, a really detailed and yet easy to understand explanation thank you, I am new to the ketovore/carnivore way of life so have only just found this excellent video and just wanted to let you know your efforts are still helping people to understand. I have one question with regards to the pressures forcing the fat and sugars into the cells. If i have understood your explanation correctly an excess of either fat or sugars should lead to the production of the citrate and so the locking down of both systems to not allow more of either fuel in and the production of the triglycerides. I think that i read that it is the insulin that forces the sugars into the cells so what regulates how much fat is absorbed into the cells and what happens to the excess instead of high blood sugar levels like happens with carbs?
I don't care who it is. These "experts' all explain the 'science " to fit their biased opinions. They expect the viewers will accept their "opinions" as fact. The Krebs cycle, the Randle cycle, etc. They all sound so "brilliant" even when another "brilliant expert" interprets the same model completely oppositely. One thing I think we should all consume is a grain of salt.
Thank you so much Prof. You just summarized my current stressors and made it easy for me to understand. I just wonder what happens if the blockade of the glucose cycle is at mitochondrial level, what happens to the pyruvate accumulation within the cytosol ?
What about not mixing them in the same meal but keeping daily intake the same for fats and carbs? This randle cycle makes so much sense from an evolutionary standpoint, there are no natural foods with carbs and fats in the same ratio, maybe nuts are the exception but in nature you wouldn't eat tons and tons of them. Thanks for the video!
I heard that it takes a couple days for the randles cycle to undo the changes, so if you eat sugar in the morning that sugar will still bring you issues when you consume fat later at night. So I'm guessing if you want a high carb diet, you gotta stay low fat pretty much 100% of the time, so just eat lean meat and get rest of the calories from carbohydrates.
I'm guessing it shouldn't cause issues if it's several hours apart though, or at least the risk of diabetes would probably be reduced compared to the standard american mixing in the same meal stuff. And other animals do eat both fruit and meat in the same day, but several hours apart. I'll tell you in 20 years if I end up with diabetes or not. At the moment I'm doing carbs for morning and lunch, then way later into the night, I'm eating meat
I haven’t seen a study to back this up so grain of salt: Looking at food diets all over the world that appear healthy either are high carb (high veggie) or high fat. However, there is an exception. Intermittent fasting mixed with both high fat and high carbs is a special occasion type activity that seems healthy. Eg Thanksgiving. So in theory you could combine intermittent fasting with changing from high fat to high carbs and be fine, with one large exception. If you’re on a high fat diet you’re more insulin resistant so this would only work the other direction: being on a low fat high veggie diet normally then every once in a while having a special high fat meal mixed with intermittent fasting should be okay, but not the opposite direction. If you’re healthy you can test flipping from one to the other by weighing yourself. If your weight goes up that’s a problem. Maybe someone will have a more definitive answer. I’m curious myself.
Go back and listen to this video again. He just explained that one macro blocks the other. So, you are not insulin resistant on high fat, your just in fat adapted mode instead of glucose adapted mode! But, vegans like to latch onto that idea to discourage low carb diets. But, what did he just tell you about meat vs carb?
@@AI-vs7sm yes you are insulin resistant on high fat, insulin resistant means you are resistant to insulin, needless to say. If you eat sugar again after being in a fat adapted state, you will develop "diabetic" symptoms, which means you are still technically "insulin resistant" since your body is resisting against insulin. But when you're fat adapted, the insulin resistance becomes irrelevant because you're not eating sugar to begin with. Since you're only eating meat and fat, the fact that you are technically diabetic simply doesn't matter anymore. It only matters if you want to eat carbs again, in which case you will have to fast from animal fat for a while to become sensitive to insulin again. It's the same thing with bears, bears enter into ketosis during hibernation where they burn fat for fuel. This is the same time they show signs of insulin resistance.
Really fascinating, even though as a non scientist, my brain hurts a bit. I notice in some of your videos you w referred to “insulin resistance”, which you’ve previously described as a concept. Have you changed your opinion on this or have you used the term as it’s likely easily understood as a concept by a wider range of people? I think I can contextualise it within your explanation if the Randle cycle. Apologies if being sim 😁
Harry Serpanos says he makes his videos to give us ammunition so to speak, to be able to counteract arguments. After watching this video, my guns are loaded. Thank you very much!
Thank you for this comprehensive and understandable explanation! As you're not a friend of reductionism, how does the Randle cycle relate to the endocrine governed fuel utilisation control in particular wrt glucagon and insulin? Does it fine-tune it, override it or is it impacted by it?
Interesting video. I have a few questions, though. First, being mammals, are we Not designed to consume milk, which has BOTH high amounts of fats and high amounts of sugar? Would not the Randle cycle damage all mammals, either as infants or as milk drinking adults (Europeans, especially)? Apart from the previous question, I missed the part in the video where you explain a situation where BOTH fat and sugar are blocked. You state that this happens, but you fail to explain how it can occur, since you only describe situations where one predominates and blocks the other. If I missed it, I apologize. Please let me know. Thank you!
Oligosaccharides from breast milk are not absorbed. The child does not have such a possibility (to be broken down into simple carbohydrates). They reach the intestinal microbiome where bacteria turn them into fatty acids which are absorbed into the bloodstream.
Babies can get into ketosis very quickly and need to be fat to maintain energy for such a relatively huge brain. So the sugar and fat in breast milk is perfect for them to keep lots of baby fat.
@@damiandynotech2298 But there is also lactose in the breast milk of humans which is glucose and galactose and which is going to the bloodstream and the liver of the baby. So why then, should nature put harm on a baby and make it ill delivering carbs and fat in huge amounts at the same time?
Well put together and very easy to digest. Does the blockade of citrate on GLUT4 also has an effect on vitamin C's entry into the cell that is non-neglectable?
Thanks for the presentation. But I am still confused: citrate appears to play the a role of negative feedback on both situations A and B. So I guess it doesn't only "cross-blocks" fat and sugars, but also blocks situations of only high carb or only high fat, right? If this is correct, I don't understand the extra burden from a mix diet.
Yes im a little lost aswell, unless somehow the cell/body knows the citrate source and what do do with it. perhaps glucose source citrate is a lot more concentrated then fat sourced citrate, i really don't know.
I have a question master , then eating so much fat how do we avoid blocking fructokinase and give us diabetes , if it is blocked when there is much fat consumption and little glucose production . The key would be to have days where the protein is increased to activate a little insulin?
Thanks. The key takeaway is though that the issue is excess energy. So when having a slice of watermelon with some cheese my body will oxidise both. Am I right?
Wow , fantastic. What about the runner who runs 10 miles/day and has visibly low body fat. What's the case with their Randle Cycle? Are they burning so much energy that eventually the cell takes in both the available fat and the available glucose?
Do you have an explanation for elevation in blood pressure for a carnivore after Vx3 and Cx1 from 120/80 (from an early age) to 144/99 since 2021 c.a.?
Thank you for the detailed breakdown of the Randle cycle. Still confused on one point, since citrate ultimately goes to Malonyl-CoA, won't the diet rich in LCFA eventually blockade CPT-1 and won't the citrate derived from pyruvate act to blockade GLUT-4?
The same thought occured to me. My guess would be that the Randle cycle ultimately balances the substrate ingress in all combinations of LC+LF, LC+HF, HC+LF, and HC+HF diets as long as total calories are kept within reasonable limits. So eating 500 kcal at once with 50E% glucose + 50E% fat won't probably cause any measurable harm, even long term. But if you are eating say 2000-3000 kcal at once with same 50E% glucose + 50E% fat might cause acute issues.
@@raoulrichardo This makes no sense, and we don't consume calories. The Randle cycle is not necessarily about available energy but the competition of glucose and fatty acids for metabolism. In case of a mixed diet, the energy is there, but the mechanisms of using it are impaired due to the overburdening of the Randle cycle.
@@hugoanderkivi metabolism happens all over the body simultaneously, each cell has its own individual metabolism and also its own individual randle-cycle status vs all other cells in the body. This means that some subset of the cells that constructs your left big toe can and do have completely different randle cycle status than some subset of the cells that constructs your right big toe--measured over the same interval. Thus total free energy (in the form of ETC compatible molecules from ingestion) ingress per time unit also has significance to the model, analysis and understanding of the metabolic status of a full living human being.
I can’t get over the point of gluconeogensis being stressful to the body as it raises cortisol, adrenaline and glucagon. I believe it to be a backup mechanism to produce endogenous carbs when not consuming enough exogenous carbs in the diet. That is why I consume 50-100g of carbs (I’m fit, young, healthy and feel better with that amount of carbs compared to when I was carnivore for 2 months). To me it makes sense to eat just enough carbs to be out of ketosis but not too much as to have excess glucose above what you are burning. I also struggle with the low thyroid effects I commonly see and have experienced myself when eating very mellow/zero carbs. Please can someone direct me to info or an argument about the thyroid and stressful gluconeogenesis.
We have 4 hormones that raise blood sugar, and one that lowers it. Our blood can only hold about 2.4 grams of carbohydrate as glycerine. That gets forced into cells and any excess is turned into triglycerides (fat). Once insulin lowers and has finished lowering this dangerous blood sugar level back to normal, the cells start to burn their internal triglycerides and fat cells release their stores for other cells to uptake and burn as fat. A healthy person eating ~2-3 meals in a day without snacks, just eating carbs, will still have burned at least 60% of calories in the past 24 hrs as fat. Even in cows, their cells burn about 70-80% of their entire daily energy expenditure.. from fatty acids. And they literally eat grass, all day long.
Very clear thanks. You asked for questions so here are mine: 1. Do you have an idea of numbers? For example, is there a typical level of blood glucose that is needed before the Randle Cycle becomes active? 2. What proportion of carbohydrate and/or fat will cause the Randle Cycle to become active? Most people won’t have a diet that completely excludes carbohydrates or fat, so understanding the ‘safe’ proportions would be useful to know. 3. On a keto diet, people often experience high fasting BG and it is referred to as physiologic insulin resistance or adaptive glucose sparing. Is this a gluconeogenesis-induced effect of the Randle Cycle?
@@KJB0001 I don’t think so. In the past Bart has reacted to my questions as if he thinks I am being belligerent in some way rather than wishing to expand my knowledge of a subject. It’s understandable though, as I’m sure he is attacked a lot more than getting questions or requests for clarification that have no negative ulterior motive. He can be very prickly sometimes😁. Still, I love his direct and detailed approach to the nonsense being plied by these vegan doctors and exercise people.
@@raisedonmetal7984 Excellent analysis of a complex situation and I agree. Fortunately, the real world prevents me from being in ketosis 100% of the time. Christmas, big birthday celebrations or simply my wife deciding she wants pizza for dinner all conspire to throw me out ketosis at least once or twice a month. I don’t stay out for more than a few days, but maybe I should extend that sometimes for the reasons you point out.
I just found a full family that want my advice to lose weight.. trying to make sure I got the randle cycle correctly drilled into my head. =^-^= ....... I didn't tell them i was on the carnivore diet.. I said I was very heavy on animal foods and hanging out with bio-hackers *cackles evilly*
Other than me, I'm just wondering if anyone else has experienced a measurable improvement in their bone density while on the carnivore diet. The encouragement would be much appreciated!
Now, I have checked this video a few times, to make more sense of this. It is a lot of things turning into this and that. But! Any time I mix carbs and fat, I absolutely get tired, very fast. It is like being hit-in-the-head bad. No energy until I cleared the shit. What if people that react to this more than usual, accidentally get themselves into a cytokine low storm, because of a very effective OR a defective R-cycle response that effectively turns off energy production to a point where you hardly reach the BMR. (Actually don't in many cases) I have thought of what makes people that have ME/CFS stay in it so long, and also why some are getting better from either becoming vegans, or near vegans, or keto or carnivore. (And other treatments to that) I think that going carnivore actually is faster than going vegan, since you stop influx of many toxins, and lower deuterium levels. Combined with a massive sensitivity to a lot of things, including food and chemicals... this is clearly a game of (not massively) bad food combinations, together with an extremely bad or good R-cycle response. What they have found, is a weird cytokine response in ME/CFS patients, that is quite unique. Sooo... But they still haven't found the cause, nor a cure (in form of medicine from big pharma). But they linger at a bad mitichondrial function in ME/CFS-patients, together with a massive low grade inflammation.......... I wonder... I wonder...
Who are they? Doctors and big pharma? Bart just explained it to you. And you have just said yourself that you feel awful eating a mixed diet. You have the answer.
This simply means that you are not supposed to eat meals high in both carbs and fat, as nature intended as there are basically no foods containing high amounts of both (maybe besides soybeans and some nuts, but not other beans). This is one of the issues with most processed foods. A diet that has both will not create this issue in metabolically healthy people that can utilize both glucose and fats, as normal metabolic flexibility keeps their blood levels at bay. A good example for (circumstantial) evidence for this is the co-existence of type I and II muscle fibers. The first works best utilizing fat and the second glucose.
Ok so what happens if you eat only carbs in the morning to replace glucose from heavy strenuous bodybuilding workout which use glucose as primary source of energy and wait 4 hours and do carnivore or keto for the rest of the day . Sugar and fats maybe wont compete for energy source in the body .
I just don't understand why I'm getting palpitations on a pure carnivore diet. Paul Saladino mentioned the same problem too... Can you make a video about this subject, electrolytes etc? Thanks!
@@stephanszwajcar2287 I had same problems as Paul . Since I added a very small amount of berries, honey and fatty milk I feel great . I think the best electrolytes and hydrating drink is milk .
Bart I am a bit slow, (a) I eat 200 calories in excess of my daily requirements from fat. (Lets say I am a fat burner all day) (b) I eat 200 calories in excess of my daily requirements from carbs (Lets say I am a carb burner all day.) (c) I eat 100 calories from carbs and 100 calories from fat in excess of my daily requirements. (Lets say I am a mixed carb/fat burner through the day) So in case (c) why do I put on more fat?? In case (c) if I am not oxidizing fats and carbs as well, I must have less energy as I am storing more fat and have inflammation, or is it just cell related and I won't feel any real difference.
My understanding from the vid. (a) Does not trigger Randal and high fat diets provides all necessary nutrients for hoomans. (b) Does not trigger Randal but very hard to obtain all essential nutrient from carb based diets. (c) Triggers Randal thus storing fat in cell membranes. The whole subject of the video! Watch it again.
What if you eat a high car or a high fat meal separately. Like an animal based meal for breakfast and fruit potatoe vegetable dinner. Would that be a problem? Because the blood would be stablized from the mini fast
It takes several days to clear out all of the glucose and deactivate the cross inhibition. Recomend a few days after carb rich meals to eat only meat and fat or fasting.
Thank you for clarity on this. Question: Do animal products directly become part of cells without the extensive digestive process that plant foods seem to require? Please explain how.
Well done. I've been looking for something not eggheady to explain that and this is it. I suspect no part of this is kept secret from such agencies as the USDA. So, their crime against humanity MyPlate scheme really is a horror. Is it possible I can reach out to you personally for a guest podcast appearance?
Hey Prof., thanks for explaining this. I can't believe that practically no one is cognizant of the Randle cycle . I've been carnivore for about a year got myself relatively healthy went from 240lb to 175lb diabetes gone, arthritis gone, eczema mostly gone. Recently I have been trying to reintroduce some other foods because of other BS I've seen/heard talked about on other channels.... metabolic flexibility, cycling in and out of ketosis, blah blah blah. NO MORE!! Thank you so much for educating us on the dangers of a mixed diet.
I find all of this just incredibly fascinating. Take a look at these two people who have several presentations and interviews on UA-cam:
Dr Chris Knobbe - Oils/PUFAs
ua-cam.com/video/7kGnfXXIKZM/v-deo.html
Tucker Goodrich - Oils/PUFAs
ua-cam.com/video/DyVwn0kRGJs/v-deo.html
Thank you for another great video. I did know not to mix fat and carbs; however, I didnt know why. I have done the Atkins diet on and off since the 90s, but have always gotten in trouble when trying to add carbs back in. My mistake was not understanding that the diet needs to be consistently fat or carbs. In other words, it's not one or the other on a per meal basis, it's literally choosing fat or carbs and sticking with it permanently. I always went back to vegetables and grains because of the constant fearmongering. Dammit.
I decided to go carnivore permanently a little over a year ago. Your videos have really helped to answer the questions I've had that aren't covered by others in this space..... because details.
I'm grateful to you.
this is maybe the most important video i will ever see in my life greetings from germany
Im writing a class for menopausal women and this info is going to be the bulk of it❤ ty(and im going to recommend this channel!!)
Thank you for expanding the Randal cycle, Bart. Makes a lot of sense to see it broken down like this.
You're welcome.
I am just watching your channel and I am
Fascinated of your knowledge of nutrition.
I'm not a student and not very smart LOL. But I understand enough to know that the carnivore diet is healthy for me.
Thank you for making these videos
Wow! Eighteen months on keto diet and this is the first time I have heard of this Randle Cycle! Between Ivor Cummings and just come up on this site I've learned more in the last two weeks than the last 18 months.
I will put it: you cant eat like a tiger and like a cow at the same time and pretend your metabolism and digestion will do well..
Yes, thank you for this breakdown of the Randall Cycle on the cell level. It makes much more sense to me now. I have gone from Keto to strict carnivore over the past 4mos, and not I'm consuming any dairy. I started it to lose weight and alleviate arthritis back pain, which was 80% better 2 weeks into this diet. Also, my bad reflux is gone and I sleep so sound now. To me it's a miracle! 💕🥩🥓🍗💕
Thank you so much for your time and effort to explain this. There is still something that I don’t get. Do you or someone else mind explaining it to me?
Here is my lack in Understanding:
Both versions (A and B) lead to the accumulation of citrate within the Cell. In Version A this inhibits fat intake but in Version B accumulation of citrate inhibits glucose intake. So in fact in both cases there is an accumulation of citrate which should actually“close” both pathways at the same time.
It seems there is no difference if there is more glucose or more fat or both at the same time. In every case the mitochondria produces citrate which then leads to inhibiting the intake of both (glucose and fat) at the same time. This puzzles me. 🤔
Very comprehensive and complete answer Professor Bart. Thank you for this. I will submit a report to the rest of the class on the server.
Glad it was helpful!
@@Professor-Bart-Kay-Nutrition what about scurvy?
@@GreenGino humans are in a very select group of animals that don’t synthesise their own vitamin C from glucose, therefore it is essential to include it in the diet. Luckily ruminants all synthesise vitamin C themselves and it is found in their meats.
@@jimcrawford97 good info to look into thanks 🙏👍
@@GreenGino basically, on a low carb diet the requirement for vitC is much lower.
Broke it down in to a very readable and transferable format.
Excellent work once again.
Best explanation I've ever came across.
Thanks Prof. Very clearly explained. I wish they had included that when I studied biochemistry at uni, 30 something years ago. We learnt about fat metabolism and glucose metabolism but not the interaction between the two. It now makes so much sense why the so-called "balanced diet" never worked for me.
Should be part of every doctors' education and then they might see why the dietary advice is such absolute bs. Good luck with your new channel.
Your school book on physiology learned you about how body fat are gained. You if doctors were following this logic much would be better. So why is doctors following seventh day adventist diet advice and follow pharma profit model when its all described in their physiology medicine book.
@@runemartinguldberg9056 because mechanics are only a possible explanation for a phenomenon.
Unless there's an actual trial that shows demonstrably that mixing macronutrients leads to weight gain/poorer health outcomes in absence of other potential factors, this is effectively speculation to investigate
They have done such a study! Its called the Standard American Diet, AKA the SAD "healthy" my plate diet guide put out by the USDA and your friendly buddies at Big Pharma, Big Medical, Big Agriculture! The trial has been ongoing for the last 60 years! What do ya think? Is it working?
@@OatmealTheCrazy the funny thing about that is the last 50 years is a great example of the Randle cycle (balanced meal) shitting on everyone.
@@OatmealTheCrazy I agree with you that we need further testing to see if this is true. In my case, I always remained skinny, always had a 6 pack, even in my mid 40's, and I ate a balanced diet and have no issues and perfect blood work.
It seems that just gaining weight may be the issue, but not what you eat.
Congratulations ! It is becoming more and more clear to me as I am watching your videos and interviews. It explains a lot and make me understand what was going on with my body for decades. I am on Ketogenic Diet for the last 5 years. Thank you very much for your work Professor Bart Kay.
My new favourite channel! Thanks for the clear explanation. Can't wait to see more!
Awesome, thank you!
Great lesson:) Please do videos on other nutritional fallacies, plant toxicity and ketogenesis. Thanks!
Will do!
This is what I have needed to go 100% carnivore.
Also I can explain it to the smug people who say they only eat a balanced diet
I appreciate you started with the short explanation upfront. That is something I can share with my friends group. I tried to get thru the scientific explanation thereafter but I will not pretend to get it. You have a gift for distilling complicated biochemistry into a few sentences.
Another reason to go carnivore. Thank you for a very informativ video. I have now another point on my list over argument to use when i talk about diet to people, and why they should stop eating carbohydrates (shit), and insted start to eat fat and protein....
Your videos are just excellent! Keep up the good work, Bart.
I'm looking forward to see more videos from you....
Thanks, will do.
Excellent video. I do appreciate this style more than the vitriolic one.
I appreciate you sharing this information. You explained it perfectly for me to understand even though I have zero prior biology education.
💯
One of the most important videos I’ve heard on the topic of nutrition. Thank you for presenting this in a very digestible (pun intended) format.
VERY useful. This chart helps tons, and I'm happy to have learned how trigs are produced!
So nice to have a clean version of this.
Slow and steady.
Amazing! Literally life changing information! Thank you Professor Kay.
Very clear and concise thanks Bart
Very useful. Thank you. I didn't quite grok the video you made about the randle cycle in 5 minutes, but this was much clearer.
Excellent presentation Bart. Thoroughly enjoyed it
Great presentation. Very well explained with a simple logic that pulls it all together at the end. Well Done.
Thanks for your simple, easy-to-understand explanation here, Dr Bart. Prior to finding this video of yours, I was trying to listen to & understand Dr Ryan Attar's video (where he has you sitting there not able to get a word in edgeways), & he speaks so loudly & talks so fast (in a gratingly unpleasant vocal tone), & it is all so complicated with 'information overload', I finally felt overwhelmed & gave up trying to get it all. Then I found your explanation here & it was such a breath of fresh air in comparison. You speak slowly & make it simple to understand - (& your an Aussie like me). Thanks again!
Thank you, Bart! I now understand the Randle cycle a bit better, and why the carnivore diet is so beneficial, and why a carb-heavy “balanced diet” or SAD aren’t.
It was fantastic prof Bart , thank you so much🤗🙏
Extremely useful information professor. This helps immensely in the quest to inform more people of the best way to have a healthy life.
Brilliant stuff Bart. Keep on educating us. Thank you for doing this.
Other than mother’s milk, there aren’t any other natural foods that has a mixture of fats and sugars, so this makes perfect sense. Thank you Professor.
Truly detailed yet to the point presentation! Thanks for making this video Professor Kay.
Prof Kay, This was super helpful. Strong likelihood I'm too ignorant to understand more, but i am interested in learning more about how each side interfaces with the Kreb's cycle, maybe in terms of efficiency at the molecular level....Also, does the fat side prefer a certain balance of FAs?
Thanks
Thanks for the in-depth biochemistry explanation. I've been on keto for 3 years and have felt the benefits of going low carb. Like fat loss and no energy dips after meals.
@Bladerunner2043 Nope. Sugar and grains lead to a biochemical cascade that causes cholesterol deposition in arteries. Fat by itself is not a problem. You may have been misinformed by the plant based community.
@Bladerunner2043 Low carb is best for everyone. But for individuals, you can choose between several variations: paleo, keto, carnivore, etc. Choose the one you can stick to.
Brilliant. An efficient and unassailable refutation of veganism. Thanks Bart.
13:45 Summary. Keto vs. Vegan.
Hi Professor Bart, a really detailed and yet easy to understand explanation thank you, I am new to the ketovore/carnivore way of life so have only just found this excellent video and just wanted to let you know your efforts are still helping people to understand. I have one question with regards to the pressures forcing the fat and sugars into the cells. If i have understood your explanation correctly an excess of either fat or sugars should lead to the production of the citrate and so the locking down of both systems to not allow more of either fuel in and the production of the triglycerides. I think that i read that it is the insulin that forces the sugars into the cells so what regulates how much fat is absorbed into the cells and what happens to the excess instead of high blood sugar levels like happens with carbs?
I heard you mention Randal Cycle on SBG but didn’t know what it was. Thanks for clarifying. It makes a lot of sense
Great work Bart. Thanks. Very help to explain this at the biochem level!
I don't care who it is. These "experts' all explain the 'science " to fit their biased opinions. They expect the viewers will accept their "opinions" as fact. The Krebs cycle, the Randle cycle, etc. They all sound so "brilliant" even when another "brilliant expert" interprets the same model completely oppositely. One thing I think we should all consume is a grain of salt.
Thank you so much Prof. You just summarized my current stressors and made it easy for me to understand.
I just wonder what happens if the blockade of the glucose cycle is at mitochondrial level, what happens to the pyruvate accumulation within the cytosol ?
It is self limiting via allosteric inhibition.
Very clear thanks Bart!
What about not mixing them in the same meal but keeping daily intake the same for fats and carbs? This randle cycle makes so much sense from an evolutionary standpoint, there are no natural foods with carbs and fats in the same ratio, maybe nuts are the exception but in nature you wouldn't eat tons and tons of them. Thanks for the video!
I heard that it takes a couple days for the randles cycle to undo the changes, so if you eat sugar in the morning that sugar will still bring you issues when you consume fat later at night. So I'm guessing if you want a high carb diet, you gotta stay low fat pretty much 100% of the time, so just eat lean meat and get rest of the calories from carbohydrates.
I'm guessing it shouldn't cause issues if it's several hours apart though, or at least the risk of diabetes would probably be reduced compared to the standard american mixing in the same meal stuff.
And other animals do eat both fruit and meat in the same day, but several hours apart. I'll tell you in 20 years if I end up with diabetes or not. At the moment I'm doing carbs for morning and lunch, then way later into the night, I'm eating meat
I haven’t seen a study to back this up so grain of salt:
Looking at food diets all over the world that appear healthy either are high carb (high veggie) or high fat. However, there is an exception. Intermittent fasting mixed with both high fat and high carbs is a special occasion type activity that seems healthy. Eg Thanksgiving.
So in theory you could combine intermittent fasting with changing from high fat to high carbs and be fine, with one large exception. If you’re on a high fat diet you’re more insulin resistant so this would only work the other direction: being on a low fat high veggie diet normally then every once in a while having a special high fat meal mixed with intermittent fasting should be okay, but not the opposite direction.
If you’re healthy you can test flipping from one to the other by weighing yourself. If your weight goes up that’s a problem.
Maybe someone will have a more definitive answer. I’m curious myself.
Go back and listen to this video again. He just explained that one macro blocks the other. So, you are not insulin resistant on high fat, your just in fat adapted mode instead of glucose adapted mode! But, vegans like to latch onto that idea to discourage low carb diets. But, what did he just tell you about meat vs carb?
@@AI-vs7sm yes you are insulin resistant on high fat, insulin resistant means you are resistant to insulin, needless to say.
If you eat sugar again after being in a fat adapted state, you will develop "diabetic" symptoms, which means you are still technically "insulin resistant" since your body is resisting against insulin.
But when you're fat adapted, the insulin resistance becomes irrelevant because you're not eating sugar to begin with. Since you're only eating meat and fat, the fact that you are technically diabetic simply doesn't matter anymore. It only matters if you want to eat carbs again, in which case you will have to fast from animal fat for a while to become sensitive to insulin again.
It's the same thing with bears, bears enter into ketosis during hibernation where they burn fat for fuel. This is the same time they show signs of insulin resistance.
Fantastic breakdown. Thank you!
Really fascinating, even though as a non scientist, my brain hurts a bit.
I notice in some of your videos you w referred to “insulin resistance”, which you’ve previously described as a concept.
Have you changed your opinion on this or have you used the term as it’s likely easily understood as a concept by a wider range of people?
I think I can contextualise it within your explanation if the Randle cycle.
Apologies if being sim 😁
Missed it, catching up. Understanding the Randle cycle is not my strong point. Much appreciate the sharing.
You're welcome
Harry Serpanos says he makes his videos to give us ammunition so to speak, to be able to counteract arguments. After watching this video, my guns are loaded. Thank you very much!
One of your best videos! Top explanation. 👍👍👍👍
Glad you think so!
Thank you for this extended explanation. I am a perpetual student. Carbs are slow death. 🐌
Life adjusting video for me - thanks!
Happy to help!
Thanks. That one got me over the line.
Thank you for this comprehensive and understandable explanation!
As you're not a friend of reductionism, how does the Randle cycle relate to the endocrine governed fuel utilisation control in particular wrt glucagon and insulin? Does it fine-tune it, override it or is it impacted by it?
Beautifully explained
🤯 Mind blown! Thank you for this.
Excellent presentation
If I wanted to be both a Vegan and a Carnivore, how can I best transition back and forth?
Interesting video. I have a few questions, though. First, being mammals, are we Not designed to consume milk, which has BOTH high amounts of fats and high amounts of sugar? Would not the Randle cycle damage all mammals, either as infants or as milk drinking adults (Europeans, especially)? Apart from the previous question, I missed the part in the video where you explain a situation where BOTH fat and sugar are blocked. You state that this happens, but you fail to explain how it can occur, since you only describe situations where one predominates and blocks the other. If I missed it, I apologize. Please let me know. Thank you!
Oligosaccharides from breast milk are not absorbed. The child does not have such a possibility (to be broken down into simple carbohydrates). They reach the intestinal microbiome where bacteria turn them into fatty acids which are absorbed into the bloodstream.
What about lactose? Breaks down into glucose via several reactions.
Babies can get into ketosis very quickly and need to be fat to maintain energy for such a relatively huge brain. So the sugar and fat in breast milk is perfect for them to keep lots of baby fat.
@@damiandynotech2298 But there is also lactose in the breast milk of humans which is glucose and galactose and which is going to the bloodstream and the liver of the baby. So why then, should nature put harm on a baby and make it ill delivering carbs and fat in huge amounts at the same time?
This is a very good question, so the baby must know how to handle carbs and fat at the same time! Babys for nutrition experts! 😊😊🤗🤗
Superb explanation, Ty Dr. Kay.
Well put together and very easy to digest.
Does the blockade of citrate on GLUT4 also has an effect on vitamin C's entry into the cell that is non-neglectable?
That's a great question. I think the answer is a full "YES", as blocked is blocked?
Thanks for the presentation. But I am still confused: citrate appears to play the a role of negative feedback on both situations A and B. So I guess it doesn't only "cross-blocks" fat and sugars, but also blocks situations of only high carb or only high fat, right? If this is correct, I don't understand the extra burden from a mix diet.
Yes im a little lost aswell, unless somehow the cell/body knows the citrate source and what do do with it. perhaps glucose source citrate is a lot more concentrated then fat sourced citrate, i really don't know.
A concise explanation! Thank you!
You're welcome!
Excellent explanation!
I have a question master , then eating so much fat how do we avoid blocking fructokinase and give us diabetes , if it is blocked when there is much fat consumption and little glucose production . The key would be to have days where the protein is increased to activate a little insulin?
Thank, you, Prof.
Nicely done.
Thanks for the visit
Thanks. The key takeaway is though that the issue is excess energy.
So when having a slice of watermelon with some cheese my body will oxidise both. Am I right?
So what about a higher carb lower fat diet that doesn't exceed the calorie threshold to activate the randle cycle?
Wow , fantastic.
What about the runner who runs 10 miles/day and has visibly low body fat. What's the case with their Randle Cycle? Are they burning so much energy that eventually the cell takes in both the available fat and the available glucose?
What exactly is inflammation?
Excellent. Thank you.
You are welcome!
Do you have an explanation for elevation in blood pressure for a carnivore after Vx3 and Cx1 from 120/80 (from an early age) to 144/99 since 2021 c.a.?
Thank you for the detailed breakdown of the Randle cycle. Still confused on one point, since citrate ultimately goes to Malonyl-CoA, won't the diet rich in LCFA eventually blockade CPT-1 and won't the citrate derived from pyruvate act to blockade GLUT-4?
The same thought occured to me. My guess would be that the Randle cycle ultimately balances the substrate ingress in all combinations of LC+LF, LC+HF, HC+LF, and HC+HF diets as long as total calories are kept within reasonable limits. So eating 500 kcal at once with 50E% glucose + 50E% fat won't probably cause any measurable harm, even long term. But if you are eating say 2000-3000 kcal at once with same 50E% glucose + 50E% fat might cause acute issues.
@@raoulrichardo god, I hope you’re right. I just wanna eat my quinoa and avocado in peace!
@@raoulrichardo This makes no sense, and we don't consume calories. The Randle cycle is not necessarily about available energy but the competition of glucose and fatty acids for metabolism. In case of a mixed diet, the energy is there, but the mechanisms of using it are impaired due to the overburdening of the Randle cycle.
@@hugoanderkivi metabolism happens all over the body simultaneously, each cell has its own individual metabolism and also its own individual randle-cycle status vs all other cells in the body. This means that some subset of the cells that constructs your left big toe can and do have completely different randle cycle status than some subset of the cells that constructs your right big toe--measured over the same interval. Thus total free energy (in the form of ETC compatible molecules from ingestion) ingress per time unit also has significance to the model, analysis and understanding of the metabolic status of a full living human being.
Amazing video, easy to understand. Thank you.
Glad it was helpful!
Thanks Bart. Made a lot of sense and it's a vid I can share with people.
Excellent video to share.👌
I can’t get over the point of gluconeogensis being stressful to the body as it raises cortisol, adrenaline and glucagon. I believe it to be a backup mechanism to produce endogenous carbs when not consuming enough exogenous carbs in the diet. That is why I consume 50-100g of carbs (I’m fit, young, healthy and feel better with that amount of carbs compared to when I was carnivore for 2 months). To me it makes sense to eat just enough carbs to be out of ketosis but not too much as to have excess glucose above what you are burning. I also struggle with the low thyroid effects I commonly see and have experienced myself when eating very mellow/zero carbs. Please can someone direct me to info or an argument about the thyroid and stressful gluconeogenesis.
We have 4 hormones that raise blood sugar, and one that lowers it. Our blood can only hold about 2.4 grams of carbohydrate as glycerine. That gets forced into cells and any excess is turned into triglycerides (fat). Once insulin lowers and has finished lowering this dangerous blood sugar level back to normal, the cells start to burn their internal triglycerides and fat cells release their stores for other cells to uptake and burn as fat. A healthy person eating ~2-3 meals in a day without snacks, just eating carbs, will still have burned at least 60% of calories in the past 24 hrs as fat. Even in cows, their cells burn about 70-80% of their entire daily energy expenditure.. from fatty acids. And they literally eat grass, all day long.
Very clear thanks. You asked for questions so here are mine:
1. Do you have an idea of numbers? For example, is there a typical level of blood glucose that is needed before the Randle Cycle becomes active?
2. What proportion of carbohydrate and/or fat will cause the Randle Cycle to become active? Most people won’t have a diet that completely excludes carbohydrates or fat, so understanding the ‘safe’ proportions would be useful to know.
3. On a keto diet, people often experience high fasting BG and it is referred to as physiologic insulin resistance or adaptive glucose sparing. Is this a gluconeogenesis-induced effect of the Randle Cycle?
he doesn't know as that's why he hasn't responded. he is only capable of reciting a diagram.
@@KJB0001 I don’t think so. In the past Bart has reacted to my questions as if he thinks I am being belligerent in some way rather than wishing to expand my knowledge of a subject. It’s understandable though, as I’m sure he is attacked a lot more than getting questions or requests for clarification that have no negative ulterior motive. He can be very prickly sometimes😁. Still, I love his direct and detailed approach to the nonsense being plied by these vegan doctors and exercise people.
@@raisedonmetal7984 Excellent analysis of a complex situation and I agree. Fortunately, the real world prevents me from being in ketosis 100% of the time. Christmas, big birthday celebrations or simply my wife deciding she wants pizza for dinner all conspire to throw me out ketosis at least once or twice a month. I don’t stay out for more than a few days, but maybe I should extend that sometimes for the reasons you point out.
I just found a full family that want my advice to lose weight.. trying to make sure I got the randle cycle correctly drilled into my head. =^-^= ....... I didn't tell them i was on the carnivore diet.. I said I was very heavy on animal foods and hanging out with bio-hackers *cackles evilly*
Other than me, I'm just wondering if anyone else has experienced a measurable improvement in their bone density while on the carnivore diet. The encouragement would be much appreciated!
Now, I have checked this video a few times, to make more sense of this. It is a lot of things turning into this and that. But!
Any time I mix carbs and fat, I absolutely get tired, very fast. It is like being hit-in-the-head bad. No energy until I cleared the shit.
What if people that react to this more than usual, accidentally get themselves into a cytokine low storm, because of a very effective OR a defective R-cycle response that effectively turns off energy production to a point where you hardly reach the BMR. (Actually don't in many cases)
I have thought of what makes people that have ME/CFS stay in it so long, and also why some are getting better from either becoming vegans, or near vegans, or keto or carnivore. (And other treatments to that) I think that going carnivore actually is faster than going vegan, since you stop influx of many toxins, and lower deuterium levels.
Combined with a massive sensitivity to a lot of things, including food and chemicals... this is clearly a game of (not massively) bad food combinations, together with an extremely bad or good R-cycle response.
What they have found, is a weird cytokine response in ME/CFS patients, that is quite unique. Sooo...
But they still haven't found the cause, nor a cure (in form of medicine from big pharma). But they linger at a bad mitichondrial function in ME/CFS-patients, together with a massive low grade inflammation.......... I wonder... I wonder...
Who are they? Doctors and big pharma? Bart just explained it to you. And you have just said yourself that you feel awful eating a mixed diet. You have the answer.
@@concettaworkman5895 A rhetorical question doesn't need an answer....
I like this channel more
Great and clear explanation.
Super concise, love that thank you
Thanks for sharing this info..
excellent! Thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
This simply means that you are not supposed to eat meals high in both carbs and fat, as nature intended as there are basically no foods containing high amounts of both (maybe besides soybeans and some nuts, but not other beans). This is one of the issues with most processed foods. A diet that has both will not create this issue in metabolically healthy people that can utilize both glucose and fats, as normal metabolic flexibility keeps their blood levels at bay. A good example for (circumstantial) evidence for this is the co-existence of type I and II muscle fibers. The first works best utilizing fat and the second glucose.
Ok so what happens if you eat only carbs in the morning to replace glucose from heavy strenuous bodybuilding workout which use glucose as primary source of energy and wait 4 hours and do carnivore or keto for the rest of the day . Sugar and fats maybe wont compete for energy source in the body .
I just don't understand why I'm getting palpitations on a pure carnivore diet. Paul Saladino mentioned the same problem too... Can you make a video about this subject, electrolytes etc? Thanks!
Yes, I did, on my other channel.
@@Professor-Bart-Kay-Nutrition I've seen it in the meantime, thanks a lot!
@@stephanszwajcar2287 I had same problems as Paul . Since I added a very small amount of berries, honey and fatty milk I feel great . I think the best electrolytes and hydrating drink is milk .
@@ryanray6215 in the meantime i know that all one needs is taurine. Watch Harry Serpanos
Bart I am a bit slow,
(a) I eat 200 calories in excess of my daily requirements from fat. (Lets say I am a fat burner all day)
(b) I eat 200 calories in excess of my daily requirements from carbs (Lets say I am a carb burner all day.)
(c) I eat 100 calories from carbs and 100 calories from fat in excess of my daily requirements. (Lets say I am a mixed carb/fat burner through the day)
So in case (c) why do I put on more fat??
In case (c) if I am not oxidizing fats and carbs as well, I must have less energy as I am storing more fat and have inflammation, or is it just cell related and I won't feel any real difference.
My question as well
(crickets)
My understanding from the vid.
(a) Does not trigger Randal and high fat diets provides all necessary nutrients for hoomans.
(b) Does not trigger Randal but very hard to obtain all essential nutrient from carb based diets.
(c) Triggers Randal thus storing fat in cell membranes. The whole subject of the video! Watch it again.
What if you eat a high car or a high fat meal separately. Like an animal based meal for breakfast and fruit potatoe vegetable dinner. Would that be a problem? Because the blood would be stablized from the mini fast
Good question
It takes several days to clear out all of the glucose and deactivate the cross inhibition. Recomend a few days after carb rich meals to eat only meat and fat or fasting.
@@HarryHeck2020Thank you; I’ve been wondering about this.
Thank you for clarity on this. Question: Do animal products directly become part of cells without the extensive digestive process that plant foods seem to require? Please explain how.
Well done. I've been looking for something not eggheady to explain that and this is it. I suspect no part of this is kept secret from such agencies as the USDA. So, their crime against humanity MyPlate scheme really is a horror. Is it possible I can reach out to you personally for a guest podcast appearance?
Well done. From the nitrogen isotope testing what % of ancient mans diet was estimated to have been plants? thx
Plants in a form of fruits , mostly berries .
Thx you explained that so well, my brain was able to understand :)
Is there a time period where you could possibly do both. For example fatty meat meal at 6pm then choc cookie at 8pm. Not a perfect carnivore 😉
VERY EXPLANATORY THNX ! CAN YOU EXPLAIN US HOW GLUCOSE DAMAGES BLOOD VESSELS(THE CHEMISTRY BEHIND IT)