Gaseous Exchange in Plants in Urdu Hindi || Tilling effect | Class 10 biology

Gaseous Exchange in Plants in Urdu Hindi || Tilling effect | Class 10 biology
Gaseous exchange in plants is essential for processes like photosynthesis and respiration. Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere through microscopic pores called stomata, primarily found on the underside of leaves. During the day, CO₂ diffuses into the leaf, traveling through intercellular spaces to the chloroplasts in mesophyll cells, where it is used to produce glucose and oxygen (O₂) via photosynthesis. The O₂ generated as a byproduct diffuses out through the same stomata, completing the cycle. This process is regulated by guard cells, which control the opening and closing of stomata to balance gas exchange with water conservation.
At night or when photosynthesis is not active, plants primarily undergo respiration, where they take in O₂ and release CO₂. This occurs in all living parts of the plant, including leaves, stems, and roots. Gas exchange during respiration allows the plant to break down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP. Structures like lenticels on woody stems and roots also facilitate gaseous exchange in areas where stomata are absent. The process of gas exchange is influenced by environmental factors like light, temperature, and water availability, ensuring that the plant optimally adapts to its surroundings for survival and growth.
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