Teaching Ancient Nautilus New Tricks
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- Опубліковано 19 чер 2014
- www.sciencefriday.com
With its heavy outer shell, weak vision, and primitive brain, the nautilus lacks much of the excitement of the more flashy and cunning cephalopods. Yet a series of experiments by evolutionary biologists Dr. Jennifer Basil and Robyn Crook involving fish juice, blue lights, and mazes dispels the notion that this ancient species is incapable of basic learning and throws into question the origins of cephalopods' intellectual prowess.
Produced by Luke Groskin
Music by Audio Network
Additional Stills and Video Courtesy
Monterey Bay Aquarium, Robyn Crook, Peter Godfrey Smith, Henrik Steenfeldt Neils Ulmer Gary Friesen The Aquarium of the Pacific, Prelinger Archives, Shutterstock - Наука та технологія
What I love about the nautilus is that in contrast to their cousins, they rarely have a clue what they are swimming towards and are constantly bumping into things. How they managed to survive while ammonites haven't is mind boggling.
they must be doing something right.
+Khuratokh
That's why many biologists speak about the "elimination of the least fit" rather than about the "survival of the fittest".
Ignorance is bliss
Ammonities had predators and prey. So when the prey ran out tjey died quicker and the predators feasted on them too.
Awwww they one's regarded, it's cute!
Nautilus is definitely an art masterpiece by the nature. Simply gorgeous.
Agreed.
This might be my favorite nautilus video of all time. It starts out by explaining how the nautilus is the loser of the cephalopod family. Before you know it they're running experiments where they strap the nautilus into a "car seat"! THERE ARE SCIENTISTS WHO MAKE NAUTILUS CAR SEATS.
I am so on tilt right now
Jeremy Hoffman And they are very patient in the car seats!
An octopus brain kinda looks like a pair of kidneys from a top down view.
i see jiggly puff o-o
I see namjoon here
its just the cutest thing ever
Nautilus are so cool! We've got to protect them.
Tiny Helmet Cthulhu is watching you~
Something I've kind of figured personally as far as evolution is considered is that evolution and traits are primarily driven by food. Freud said it was sex; sure, reproduction is a very powerful motivator, but it's not one that can create life-changing adaptations. On the contrary, it often can be very deadly to some species, encouraging forms of specialization that are great for the sake of reproduction but if ever there was change could lead to their extinction (Birds of Paradise, for example, who weren't afraid of humans and developed their colorful and conveniently easy-to-spot display feathers on an island where no other predators could get at them. Throw in a cat or a couple of rats in there, and you're likely to spell extinction). When it comes to food, however, acquiring food and preventing oneself from becoming food is likely the primary motivator for the change and adaptation of all living things.
Let's take a sloth bear for example. Sloth bears are the most unique of bears next to probably the Giant Panda, in that they are food specialists. They target a specific kind of food that few other animals can eat or are willing to eat that happens to be in relative abundance, and they adapt to become better at eating it. In this case, it's termites; they are active eaters of termite mounds and have developed strong claws to tear their mounds apart and even lost their front teeth so that they can use a powerful tongue to gather food. While they aren't as adapted as pandas, these traits clearly show that they were intended for food.
I think maybe the Nautiloids and their relatives also became adapted due to the food rush. When they first showed up, they had competition from other predators; likely either themselves or the arthropods who had showed up first and were already well diversified. Having already come from animals with hard shells to protect them, it was simply a matter of converting that into a mobile form to get them from one place to another. Once they had developed a hard shell, many got bigger, or got better at swimming than their rivals so that they could get away faster or acquire more food. Once they got to that point, they began developing intelligence; with the rare exception of animals like Elephants we have shown that predators are always the first animals to evolve complex intelligence due to the requirements of having to outsmart your prey in order to eat it. Likely, nautiloids developed this intelligence so that they could outwit other cephalopods in deep waters that were otherwise blundering around until they could run into prey. Or, just as likely, they evolved to outfox a prey item that was already growing smart enough to escape their natural predators.
All in all, its an interesting thing to think about.
IRAMantisShrimp I know your comment is 2 years old, but i just had to answer.
They want food, because without they can't survive long enough to reproduce.
They don't want to be eaten, because that's kinda bad for reproduction as wel.
If you follow your food-thought a bit more you end up with sex again.
@@jannism1798correct
Now that I look at it, the nautilus is just like a snail. Snails too have tentacles, the nautilus use their tentacles in a similar fashion as snails do. The snails have an operculum where as the nautilus has its hood. Snails scavenge most often and so do nautilus.
The nautilus is slower than the other cephalopods and move about with an ancient jet propulsion system. The snails, in my tank, may not have jet propulsion but do use gases much like the nautilus to float or descend through the water column.
I have a feeling that the snails long ago chose a lifestyle of freely moving throughout the water column instead of going about through the bottom. Similar to how some sea-slugs adapted to swim in the ocean, the nautilus was the result of this adaptation of moving through the water column.
The coloration of the nautilus may look striking but it is perfect for living in the deep ocean. Their reddish markings help them blend in the darkness of the water around them if a predator were to look below. While their white markings are for them countershade where the bottom of a creature is usually lighter.
I happened to catch one of your radio shows on the air one time, but never found it again. Glad to have found this channel!
The Cephalopods are part of an advanced alien race soon to be discovered and rise up with their superior technology and attempt to take over Earth. Well that is according to Crysis.
Jeremy K
"There are more things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio, than are dreamt in your philosophies." -Shakespeare _Hamlet _
Jeremy K And their great dark lord Cthulhu shall lead them to salvation!
Ginny Jolly So Splatoon basically?
Nope,they will help humans according to real life
@@seekers27 eww humans
The fossil is an ammonite, belonging to Hoplitaceae superfamily and cleoniceras genus, of Cretaceous period from Madagascar and not a nautilus fossil as indicated in the video. It's a close cousin of nautilus. The nautilus is of the Nautilaceae superfamily.
How do you differentiate nautilus fossil from and ammonite ???
Nautilus obviously have a larger chamber, the outer shell of ammonites have alot of bumps where as nautilus has smooth shell, ammonites also have an obvious spiral shell
Paper nautilus have a very fragile shell though
And paper nautilus doesnt have chambers because they are octopus trying to mimic nautilus lol
Splitting hairs there mate, and where did you get Madagascar from? Ammonite are found all over
Can you teach the nautilus not to feed the enemy jung?
alt+f4
The only way to teach a nautilus that...
Lmao
"who knows what else theyll learn between now and then"
theyll take over the world
The nautilus is pretty much my dad
She's a top herd animal, I'd like to study her brain.
She evolved over 500 million years ago right after the mollusk.
I know cuz I'm a scientist.
+John Plant They came up in the Triassic, not Cambrian, science guy.
I had one of those once , strange how they survive in nature , very clumsy , a solid shell with their heads protected by a leathery cap when retracted.
They move at the speed of a slug , can't believe they're not predated upon.
I can only guess their armor is their defense although a lot of animals would be able to crush it.
It's a mystery to me .
+planet4allofus They live very deep in the ocean where there aren't many large predators
And the predators present won't go through the trouble of cracking open such a shell, while others simply are not capable of doing that.
You had one personally and then think a deep sea animal like that is weird for bumping into things? You build a giant deep sea aquarium or what?😂 you smokin hard
@@heuvelke1065 They regularly come to the surface`.
I worked at an import/export company dealing in tropical and marine fish and invertebrates ,at the time (35 years ago) one of the biggest in the world.
They occasionally had Nautilus .
Company name is Ruinemans BV in the Netherlands.
See the old can always learn new tricks :D
That was interesting, thank you.
“Basil’s nautilus” is my new reference for action and reaction.
Definitely needs a nerf, the "chambered nautilus" skin also provides an unfair advantage in ranked. Plz fix this rito.
+Iz3x exactly... i cant win if that skins so op
+Iz3x no one cares about your shit game
+MouthlyKnives I beg to differ.
+bullclaws im sorry i got rude and angry
i just want animal videos not dumb jokes about a game that i relate to a negative time in my life!!!
MouthlyKnives Very popular game, and very unpopular. hehe
the music I will survive comes in my mind to these cephalopods.
Thank you.
What do they look like outside of its shell?
the eye looks somewhat like the face of a barn owl.
Cephalopods are just that cool!
Truly alien looking creature.Incredibly beautiful creation .We are all fearfully and wonderfully made.
i thought these little dudes were extinct!
Oh, the extinct ones are the Ammonites.
@@benjaminjohannessanchez3310 Thanks for clarifying.
@@RCS-405 You're welcome! 😁
Your links to other videos don't work (not just on this video). I'm on my android.
How interesting
Teaching new tricks? Nautilus rework confirmed?
Tier zoo?
@@NeostormXLMAX hate to break it to you but the original comment was made years before tier zoo started his channel
If there ever was an animal that went with the flow. It would be the humble Nautilus.
Are they related to ammonites at all? Just wondering because they look similar.
Distantly, they're all cephalopods.
No it goes like this...
A near fossil cousin of the Nautilus is the straight-shelled commonly named now extinct Orthoceras sp. Fossils from the Ordovician/Silurian periods (515-415 million years ago) have recently been found in the English Lake District. The experiments on memory, vision and cognisance are very revealing. Our orthocone nautiloids must have been very similar. Have a look at the photos and compare heritagephotoarchive.co.uk/p899531380
werent they also insanely large? ( 10 meters at the speacies peek)
These things are more creepy than a squid or a octopus. Those arms sticking out was kind of nerving
please do a facts about blobfish
Hey guys it's my first time playing as a nautilis in turf war!
Actually, didn't Mythbusters do a similar experiment where they trained goldfish to swim through a maze?
I wonder if someone has made actual studies of how different fish measure up to cephalopods. I mean, squids are supposed to be as smart as housecats right?
It looks like a little packman swiming
Nautilus FOR PRESIDENT
these guy dont really do well in captivity. the ones in the video already have blackened shell. i hope they get released before they die
insider.si.edu/2014/10/nautilus-shell-deformity-puzzles-scientists/ Nautilus shells begin to deform in aquariums - no one knows why.
Probably because lack of calcium..?
I honestly dont know how marine snails, corals, tube organism, and general shelled molluscs absorb calcium, do they eat calcium, or they just absorb it, is it the same as snail eating a cuttle fish..?
They're so cute to me! Help these poor things!
how do they breed
BDSM
So this is the creature that omanyte and omastar are based off of!
Maybe. Not sure. You should check the bulbapedia. Or the Pokédex.
I believe omanyte and omastar are based on ammonites which, as Jay Wang explained below, are a different group of cephalopods. They had a more complex shell structure and evolved more recently than Nautilida, but went extinct at the same time as dinosaurs.
I wonder why the algorithm recommended me this video
if they do that kind of testing on humans you will get the same results as with the nautilus
they are very slow , how they hunt ?
Three years too late, but they scavenge on the sea floor. Octopuses and squids evolved later with the faster hunting body plans.
@@JustinSable thanks 😉
I love how, at the beginning of the video, the announcer pluralizes "octopus" as "octopi," which is incorrect. Then, later, the scientist pluralizes it "octopuses," which is correct. Then the announcer begins to get it wrong a different way, by pluralizing it just "octopus," like "sheep." Would it have taken that long to look it up?
octopodes is the correct term. In case you were unaware.
Jake Moore "The standard plural in English of octopus is octopuses. However, the word octopus comes from Greek, and the Greek plural form octopodes is still occasionally used. The plural form octopi is mistakenly formed according to rules for Latin plurals, and is therefore incorrect." www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/octopus
I predict that within 100 million years, some species of cephalopod, probably an octopus, will evolve to live permanently on land. Shortly thereafter, they will become the next civilization on Earth.
Seamus Callaghan Do remember that apparently our bodies have stopped evolving but our brains are slowly getting better. By then exploration of the solar system would probably be as natural as going to the grocery store is to us.
Doubtful they all die producing offspring so can't pass down learned knowledge. But even so it makes it more amazing how clever they are.
i am working on a tank to keep one
Pidgo spare the trouble you won't be able to use it like a normal pretty fish to look at, they're deep sea creatures, they don't respond well to light
Nautilus and i are the same
She's from what university?!?!
Orthercone chambere natles cuttlefish octopus squid
is that edible ?
It's endangered.
You know what's also edible.... human body parts
Dude I have to comment something cannibalistic in every dumb kids animal eating comment iam sure the FBI will find me
Octopii is incorrect --- t he plural form *octopii is doubly incorrect. Firstly, octopus derives from Greek, not Latin; its etymologically-consistent plural form is octopodes. Secondly, even if octopus were a second-declension Latin noun, the plural form would be *octopi; in the correct plurals radii and gladii, with which *octopii is analogous, the first ‘i’s are part of the words’ stems (radi- and gladi-), and not their case endings - for *octopii to be the plural, *octopius would need to be the singular.
Octopuses not octopi
I thought these animals are dead for hundreds of years
Nice video, nice interview. It's just that constantly finishing her sentences or interjecting unexpectedly is very jarring.
Squid Jones
It’s octopuses not octopi
Octopuses. Octopi is nonsense.
ALL CREATURES, GREAT AND SMALL, THE LORD YHWH MADE THEM ALL!
Cool but I'm wondering what the point of this experiment is.
We already know many animals are sentient. We already know animals become intelligent through evolution.
Why so we need to spend time and funding to prove the obvious?
Why not spend time and funding to reverse pollution and ruin of natural resources
I love nature experiments, discussions, and videos. I'm just legitimately wondering if our efforts are urgently needed elsewhere to prevent the ruin of Earth and our life forms.
leave them alone
He looks delicious.
Eat squid pls at least they have a fighting chance, the nautilus just wants to live a life of peace
herro, coincidence, I think not
Identity Thief
I caught 3 of these the other day... boiled em ....tasted like a cross of shrimp/squid
Yeah uh. You shouldn't do that. They're literally endangered.
They are endangered and you can go to jail for that.
Yup, theyre endangered, poor things :(