Excellent as always. I studied ancient Greek for most of my freshman year at the University of Georgia (1986-87) with Dr. Timothy Gantz. Hellenic culture is fascinating and everyone should be thankful for and support high quality educational channels like this one. @historywithcy has been firmly rooted in my top channels for some time.
Feedback like this makes my day... so glad you enjoyed this and honored that the channel is one of your favorites. One the next year or two there will be a lot more on ancient Greek and Hellenic history so stay tuned and hope that you enjoy it. Thanks for watching and the support!
I wonder if the climate was warmer and hence wetter during the Archaic Period? This would have aided in crop production and population growth, just like during the Roman and Medieval Warm Periods.
I watch these videos every day, sometimes I rewatch the ones I've already seen just to better absorb the information. Same excellent content we've all come to expect, Cyrus, very good job.
Thanks so much!. I'll be in Greece in October and can't wait... one of my favorite places on earth, you're so lucky to live in such a beautiful country with amazing people, history and food! Thanks also for watching, really appreciate it!
Well done cy, even though I'm more into the ancient sumerians, the most overlooked great ones: your pure enthusiasm, along with the quality of the episodes, is second to none!
Thanks, appreciate the kind words and glad you're enjoying the content. And don't worry, there will be more content on Sumer and Mesopotamia coming up, stay tuned and thanks for watching!
Been a huge fan of your channel and always love when you drop a new episode. If I was not a meteorologist I know I would be an archeologist. If you ever have questions about climate or weather patterns let me know.
Thanks, glad you enjoy these... hope to have some new, maybe greatest hits later on this year (some big projects, you could say albums on the way). Thanks for watching!
The current leading hypothesis is that basileus was already an existing title beneath wanax. Sort of how you could have a king, and then that king be over a number of chieftains of different tribes. Over time the term 'wanax' fell out of favour for the term meaning 'tip top leader' and was replaced by 'basileus'. The current thinking is that this might indicate some form or demographic or societal shift around who held power before and after the collapse of Mycenaean Greece. At least, that's my understanding of it. It's possible the debate has moved on since I last looked at it.
I enjoyed the video, but I wanted to point out that the naming convention is not correct with hoplites being named after their shield. From what I understand, they called the shield an aspis (ἀσπίδες) and hoplite (ὁπλῖται) relates to their armed/armored nature (hoplite roughly translates to man-at-arms in english) and has nothing to do with their shield. Later, in the classical era and beyond, they started referring to soldiers by their shield types (peltast, thyreophoroi, argyraspides, etc). The hoplon/hoplite comes from later sources following the later naming convention and working backwards. That being said, I look forward to the next video. This is such a common misconception, just like the Pheidippides myth where he dies after yelling victory after the battle of Marathon. The Roman sources clouded a lot of later texts and its hard to get to the center of things.
Hi, thanks for the comment and I appreciate the explanation. You might be right... the source I got it from is Ancient Greece: A Political, Social and Cultural History by Sarah Pomeroy. Thanks for the feedback and for watching!
Thank you for yet another excellent, informative video. This has become my favorite channel for ancient history content. I look forward to your future videos! God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
750bc-500bc encompassed the time periods of the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires. Greece was quite fortunate they were just out of reach of those empires. The people of the Levant weren’t so lucky. It allowed the Greeks to develop, progress, and even have a democracy for a short period. It benefited from its location, not unlike the United States which is the modern world’s first democratic republic. Location seems to be a prerequisite for a people and society to evolve and progress and in the ancient world Greece was in a favorable spot.
Lies. Those were Black people and they were civilzed and cultured from the beginning of time. See Anacalypsis by G Higgins. White supremacist scholarship is founded upon hiding the fact that we are on a Black planet where a particular group of Black people called Israelites are responsible for everything associated with civilization and culture throughout history wherever we find modernity. Shalom
Same thing with central Arabia, it was just out of reach of the Roman and Persian empires which surrounded and influenced its north, east and south. This favorable location is important to the formation of the Islamic empire that would profoundly impact the world.
"The Americans are a very lucky people. They're bordered to the north and south by weak neighbors, and to the east and west by fish" and "God has a special providence for fools, drunks, and the United States of America." -- the glorious irob chancellor, Herr Otto von Bismarck
@@rarelife-f7h Eh, it’s more like none of the surrounding empires saw Arabia as worth conquering because it was mostly desert and not worth conquering. Plus, by the time of the Arab conquests both the Byzantine empire and the Sassanid empire were very weak due to corruption and internal court intrigue and infighting amongst the nobility. Yes, Arabia benefited from its geography, but not because of its location, but because of its climate. If it was a rich fertile land it would have been conquered by these empires.
Another great video! You should cover Armenia next - very old history, it's actually the only country around today that was on the oldest ever known map.
Thanks, I hope to one day and may visit towards the end of 2025 or in 2026, after which I'll definitely make some content about Armenia and the Caucasus region. Thanks for watching!
Thanks for the reminder! I just uploaded this and the previous Dark Age episodes... they should should up on Spotify in the next 24 hours or so. Thanks for watching... or listening!
Good afternoon Mr. Cy, I can’t seem to find a better place to ask this question, so here it is, Can you please create a video on Persian King Cambyses’s 50,000 army that supposedly became lost and was destroyed on its way to the Oracle of Amun at Siwa? I find that story extremely fascinating. Outside of that, keep up the fantastic work! I have enjoyed every video you have published.
Middle class area amazing, truly inspiring, they are essentially the lower class, but they had manage to escapes the lower class by getting enough money to starts a business, whom they paid little wages (hopefully equal farms work and not worst) to lower class peoples, whiles they themselves also have to works in their business to hopefully stay afloat with enough moneys to not got drops back into being lower class, those who can only sells their labors to the higher class oligarchs. But being Middle class is amazing, you can say to the lower class employees that : *"If you grind enough, eat less, buy less newer clothes, wore the same cloth for 10 years, and keep working 24hrs/day, you can finally save enough money/drachma to start small a business where you can takes advance of the same economic condition that the higher class uses to get more works out of the lower working class, while paying them little, just like me"* . *"And if you manages to survives the competition, Oh i mean...manages to be successful at the craft, will manages to acquires vast fortunes and joins the higher class, best of luck to you all"* .
Very good Video with a lot of good information. But! The shield of the hoplite was called Aspis. Hoplon means something like equipment (not sure of the archaic term) with panhoplia meaning full armament. The h of hoplon and panhoplia fell away over time. And from experience I can say that it is unlikely that the phalanx was as tight as often said. Fighting needs space for the fighting men of the front ranks. Two foot space to the sides and back are needed to move around and avoid being hit. It is enough space for a fighter without destroying the cohesion of a formation. There is nothing worse for the front ranks, as when the second rank tries to push and join the fight. Than the front rank can't move freely and can't defend against spears (speak of experience in reenactment. Got pushed into the other formation and stabbed down 🥴)
I guess this means that the greeks who ended up ruling in Egypt, didn't follow the just the local custom of internecine marriage. they already had that in their own past.
I only opened the video to check and make sure there was an annoying thread of replies to an annoying “well actually” comment posted by some 19 year old that spends too much time on Reddit. Checked out.
This winter I'll have a new version of it out... going to Greece in October to film and photograph to use in the new one. Thanks for your interest and for watching!
Around 17:08, the shield of the hoplites was called a “hoplon”. However, I was under the impression that “aspis” was the more correct term. I’ve heard “hopla” was a more general term for military equipment.
both are correct. Hoplon, initially being another word for shield, later on survives, to this day, as a general term for weapons or military equipment (in its plural form hopla). Another word for shield was aegis, which today survives with the meaning "auspices" only and already since classic greece was not used for actual military equipment, rather being a literary archaic form. In medieval greek military terminology it would be a skοutarion, from latin/roman scutum.
@@nikozontube That doesn't sound right, I'm not finding anything to corroborate that. As far as Aegis, I've only found it in limited contexts like the Iliad where it might be a shield, but also might be some sort of garment.
Sparta was not a city-state, and "Spartans" is a modern term - they actually called Laconians, their state had no central dominating city (unlike Athens or Rome), their country called not "Sparta" but "Laconia", love of them called Laconophilia, they had not "S" but Greek "L" on their shields and phrase in their style called not "spartan" but laconic phrase.
Hi. Thanks for the comment and explanation. Yes, it was called Lacedaemon, of which Sparta was the center and largest settlement. In popular usage though, the name Sparta is much more common and in most history books, at least in English, this is also the case. For example, you'll often hear "Athens vs. Sparta" instead of "Athens vs. Lacedaemons" or Laconians. So for these reasons I use Sparta, though in other videos I've explained Lacedaemon and its meaning. Thanks for watching!
dont forget to virtue signal about how "Greece" wasnt what it was called, it was called "Hellas" or "Hellada". dont forget that they also didnt have any English, so they didnt use ANY English words at all, so............. lettuce virtue signal about how all the English words being used are wrong 😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌
European colonies where typically not created by the state that would later annex them, most of them started as private ventures which eventually managed to convine their state of oirigin to assume control of them.
Thank you for this fun video about history of Greece I wish you one day you could visit all attention parts of and of course many statues and other things that are missing from Greece is a beautiful country with very welcome people😊
Always great to see a new upload from you!
Thanks, I love putting these out for you all and would do so more often if I could!
Excellent as always. I studied ancient Greek for most of my freshman year at the University of Georgia (1986-87) with Dr. Timothy Gantz. Hellenic culture is fascinating and everyone should be thankful for and support high quality educational channels like this one. @historywithcy has been firmly rooted in my top channels for some time.
Feedback like this makes my day... so glad you enjoyed this and honored that the channel is one of your favorites. One the next year or two there will be a lot more on ancient Greek and Hellenic history so stay tuned and hope that you enjoy it. Thanks for watching and the support!
U should make a Bronze Age north Europe video !
Looking into it, thanks for the suggestion!
@@HistorywithCy 😎👌🏻
The thorough and comprehensive videos you provide are so much appreciated, thank you!!
Thank you, appreciate it!
Hesiod was just salty, because he lost the lawsuit against his brother.
Haha yes he was... been thinking about doing a short podcast comparing him and Homer. Thanks for watching!
your videos always take me on a journey through time, really immersive
Glad to you enjoyed it and thanks for watching!
I wonder if the climate was warmer and hence wetter during the Archaic Period?
This would have aided in crop production and population growth, just like during the Roman and Medieval Warm Periods.
In the future history teachers will just play these videos.
And their pupils will fall asleep
I watch these videos every day, sometimes I rewatch the ones I've already seen just to better absorb the information.
Same excellent content we've all come to expect, Cyrus, very good job.
good stuff here as always, please consider creating a video about the Indo-European Tocharians of the tarim basin, please.
Each time I see a video of yours it feels like Christmas! Greetings from Greece.
Thanks so much!. I'll be in Greece in October and can't wait... one of my favorite places on earth, you're so lucky to live in such a beautiful country with amazing people, history and food! Thanks also for watching, really appreciate it!
Watching this at night after playing Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey 😊
Well done cy, even though I'm more into the ancient sumerians, the most overlooked great ones: your pure enthusiasm, along with the quality of the episodes, is second to none!
Thanks, appreciate the kind words and glad you're enjoying the content. And don't worry, there will be more content on Sumer and Mesopotamia coming up, stay tuned and thanks for watching!
Cy is truly a concise and pleasant orator and narrator with a wealth of knowledge and information deliver in such simple yet detail ways
Been a huge fan of your channel and always love when you drop a new episode. If I was not a meteorologist I know I would be an archeologist. If you ever have questions about climate or weather patterns let me know.
Very informative! much needed. pls do one for Carthage before the battle of Himera
Not e very where was them colony in anatolia was 60 % of it was Greek land rest was kurdistan even modern day still 60% is Greek rest kurdish
Brought to you by our fav V.J. Cy. Where the historical hits just keep coming.
Thanks, glad you enjoy these... hope to have some new, maybe greatest hits later on this year (some big projects, you could say albums on the way). Thanks for watching!
Was Wanax no longer used? Baselius too over? Like Chancellor and Prime Minister taking over from King and Emperor?
The current leading hypothesis is that basileus was already an existing title beneath wanax. Sort of how you could have a king, and then that king be over a number of chieftains of different tribes. Over time the term 'wanax' fell out of favour for the term meaning 'tip top leader' and was replaced by 'basileus'. The current thinking is that this might indicate some form or demographic or societal shift around who held power before and after the collapse of Mycenaean Greece.
At least, that's my understanding of it. It's possible the debate has moved on since I last looked at it.
'OPLES means Weapons. So, 'oplites means 'armed' (men).
Excellent the Archaic period , this type of detail is new to me.. Thank you..
Thanks, glad you found the video useful and thanks for the feedback and for watching!
please create a video on the Tocharians in the future 🙏.
Thank you for the video. We inherited our government system, oligarchy, from archaic Greece
YAY!
Looking forward to watching this! Also, thank you again for the quick response on your Instagram!
Thanks, hope you enjoyed it and no problem, thanks for the book recommendation!
Such great work that contributes to the spread of knowledge about the past. Very much appreciated.
I enjoyed the video, but I wanted to point out that the naming convention is not correct with hoplites being named after their shield. From what I understand, they called the shield an aspis (ἀσπίδες) and hoplite (ὁπλῖται) relates to their armed/armored nature (hoplite roughly translates to man-at-arms in english) and has nothing to do with their shield. Later, in the classical era and beyond, they started referring to soldiers by their shield types (peltast, thyreophoroi, argyraspides, etc). The hoplon/hoplite comes from later sources following the later naming convention and working backwards.
That being said, I look forward to the next video. This is such a common misconception, just like the Pheidippides myth where he dies after yelling victory after the battle of Marathon. The Roman sources clouded a lot of later texts and its hard to get to the center of things.
Hi, thanks for the comment and I appreciate the explanation. You might be right... the source I got it from is Ancient Greece: A Political, Social and Cultural History by Sarah Pomeroy. Thanks for the feedback and for watching!
@@HistorywithCy I was originally taught the same, so no worries mate! Keep up the great work!
ΑΥΤΑ ΕΙΝΑΙ(ΤΗΑΤ΄S IT)!!
Thank you for yet another excellent, informative video. This has become my favorite channel for ancient history content. I look forward to your future videos!
God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
750bc-500bc encompassed the time periods of the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires. Greece was quite fortunate they were just out of reach of those empires. The people of the Levant weren’t so lucky. It allowed the Greeks to develop, progress, and even have a democracy for a short period. It benefited from its location, not unlike the United States which is the modern world’s first democratic republic. Location seems to be a prerequisite for a people and society to evolve and progress and in the ancient world Greece was in a favorable spot.
Lies. Those were Black people and they were civilzed and cultured from the beginning of time. See Anacalypsis by G Higgins. White supremacist scholarship is founded upon hiding the fact that we are on a Black planet where a particular group of Black people called Israelites are responsible for everything associated with civilization and culture throughout history wherever we find modernity. Shalom
Same thing with central Arabia, it was just out of reach of the Roman and Persian empires which surrounded and influenced its north, east and south. This favorable location is important to the formation of the Islamic empire that would profoundly impact the world.
"The Americans are a very lucky people. They're bordered to the north and south by weak neighbors, and to the east and west by fish" and "God has a special providence for fools, drunks, and the United States of America." -- the glorious irob chancellor, Herr Otto von Bismarck
@@rarelife-f7h Eh, it’s more like none of the surrounding empires saw Arabia as worth conquering because it was mostly desert and not worth conquering. Plus, by the time of the Arab conquests both the Byzantine empire and the Sassanid empire were very weak due to corruption and internal court intrigue and infighting amongst the nobility. Yes, Arabia benefited from its geography, but not because of its location, but because of its climate. If it was a rich fertile land it would have been conquered by these empires.
Hesiodss 'works and days' encouraged growth of a polis through a capitalist work ethic, justice, and denounced idle rulers.
Bro Greek civilization was awsome
Agreed!
Late to the show but great overview informative and entertaining as always especially so since I am planning a trip to Greece next year!
Another great video! You should cover Armenia next - very old history, it's actually the only country around today that was on the oldest ever known map.
Thanks, I hope to one day and may visit towards the end of 2025 or in 2026, after which I'll definitely make some content about Armenia and the Caucasus region. Thanks for watching!
Hey man, love your stuff but would be nice to have these in podcast format on your spotify. :)
Thanks for the reminder! I just uploaded this and the previous Dark Age episodes... they should should up on Spotify in the next 24 hours or so. Thanks for watching... or listening!
nice video, it's refreshing going back to a more familiar topic
we love you cy-baby uwu
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it and more Greek-related content on the way, stay tuned and thanks for watching!
So happy for a Cy video!
Thanks. It will come in handy if i fell through a time portal and somehow end up in Archaic Greece
Good afternoon Mr. Cy,
I can’t seem to find a better place to ask this question, so here it is, Can you please create a video on Persian King Cambyses’s 50,000 army that supposedly became lost and was destroyed on its way to the Oracle of Amun at Siwa? I find that story extremely fascinating.
Outside of that, keep up the fantastic work! I have enjoyed every video you have published.
Middle class area amazing, truly inspiring, they are essentially the lower class, but they had manage to escapes the lower class by getting enough money to starts a business, whom they paid little wages (hopefully equal farms work and not worst) to lower class peoples, whiles they themselves also have to works in their business to hopefully stay afloat with enough moneys to not got drops back into being lower class, those who can only sells their labors to the higher class oligarchs.
But being Middle class is amazing, you can say to the lower class employees that :
*"If you grind enough, eat less, buy less newer clothes, wore the same cloth for 10 years, and keep working 24hrs/day, you can finally save enough money/drachma to start small a business where you can takes advance of the same economic condition that the higher class uses to get more works out of the lower working class, while paying them little, just like me"* .
*"And if you manages to survives the competition, Oh i mean...manages to be successful at the craft, will manages to acquires vast fortunes and joins the higher class, best of luck to you all"* .
Thanks for the introduction to the poems of Hesiod. Very insightful.
Oh I love those too... thanks for watching!
Very good Video with a lot of good information.
But!
The shield of the hoplite was called Aspis. Hoplon means something like equipment (not sure of the archaic term) with panhoplia meaning full armament.
The h of hoplon and panhoplia fell away over time.
And from experience I can say that it is unlikely that the phalanx was as tight as often said. Fighting needs space for the fighting men of the front ranks. Two foot space to the sides and back are needed to move around and avoid being hit. It is enough space for a fighter without destroying the cohesion of a formation.
There is nothing worse for the front ranks, as when the second rank tries to push and join the fight. Than the front rank can't move freely and can't defend against spears (speak of experience in reenactment. Got pushed into the other formation and stabbed down 🥴)
Fantastic video!
Thank you, glad you enjoyed it!
I guess this means that the greeks who ended up ruling in Egypt,
didn't follow the just the local custom of internecine marriage.
they already had that in their own past.
Did Greeks from the bronze age and archaic periods refer to themselves as Greeks?
Υes
I only opened the video to check and make sure there was an annoying thread of replies to an annoying “well actually” comment posted by some 19 year old that spends too much time on Reddit. Checked out.
Thank you for another brilliant video.
Can you countine the pelloponisian war?
This winter I'll have a new version of it out... going to Greece in October to film and photograph to use in the new one. Thanks for your interest and for watching!
142nd
FIRST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
im so proud
I'm just like the Archaic Greeks! Not first, but pretty early and super cool.
Great video!
Thank you!
its always nice to watch your videos Cy
oh Justice where are you now ?
🙏🙏👍
Thank you!
thank you for this video it's amazing
You're welcome, glad you enjoyed it and thanks for watching!
Around 17:08, the shield of the hoplites was called a “hoplon”. However, I was under the impression that “aspis” was the more correct term. I’ve heard “hopla” was a more general term for military equipment.
both are correct. Hoplon, initially being another word for shield, later on survives, to this day, as a general term for weapons or military equipment (in its plural form hopla). Another word for shield was aegis, which today survives with the meaning "auspices" only and already since classic greece was not used for actual military equipment, rather being a literary archaic form. In medieval greek military terminology it would be a skοutarion, from latin/roman scutum.
@@nikozontube That doesn't sound right, I'm not finding anything to corroborate that. As far as Aegis, I've only found it in limited contexts like the Iliad where it might be a shield, but also might be some sort of garment.
my favorite channel
Thanks, I'm honored!
Awesome. Thank you
My pleasure, thank you for watching!
Awesome video Cy -- I can't wait until you get to the events of Clash of the Titans!
Thanks! Not sure if you mean the rivalry between Athens and Sparta or the Greco-Persian wars, but both are in the works!
@@HistorywithCy Sorry, bad joke. I was referring to the movies :-)
Yay it’s Cy time!
Love this and all series! Thanks Cy keep it up ❤
Thanks, will do as there is a lot more on the way!
Love you unc ❤
Thanks for this videos !
You're welcome, glad you like them!
Great work
second
3rd
Yayy I needed this
Enjoy!
Thank you Cy!
Thank YOU for watching!
@@HistorywithCy thank you for making these videos Man
Love these videos
Thanks!
Very good video
Thank you!
❤️🔥
🙂
🙌🏻🙌🏻
Thank you!
Sparta was not a city-state, and "Spartans" is a modern term - they actually called Laconians, their state had no central dominating city (unlike Athens or Rome), their country called not "Sparta" but "Laconia", love of them called Laconophilia, they had not "S" but Greek "L" on their shields and phrase in their style called not "spartan" but laconic phrase.
Hi. Thanks for the comment and explanation. Yes, it was called Lacedaemon, of which Sparta was the center and largest settlement. In popular usage though, the name Sparta is much more common and in most history books, at least in English, this is also the case. For example, you'll often hear "Athens vs. Sparta" instead of "Athens vs. Lacedaemons" or Laconians. So for these reasons I use Sparta, though in other videos I've explained Lacedaemon and its meaning. Thanks for watching!
Spartan was an actual term ,more accurately spartiate
Even funner fact: the gang Harlem Spartans in south london sometimes use the word Lackin’ demons (from the word Lacadaemonians) as a nickname
dont forget to virtue signal about how "Greece" wasnt what it was called, it was called "Hellas" or "Hellada". dont forget that they also didnt have any English, so they didnt use ANY English words at all, so............. lettuce virtue signal about how all the English words being used are wrong 😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌😌
@@beepboop204Shoutout to the good old Beep Boop! 🫡
The annoying music spoils this otherwise excellent podcast
European colonies where typically not created by the state that would later annex them, most of them started as private ventures which eventually managed to convine their state of oirigin to assume control of them.
youre specifically talking about north american british and dutch, maybe french colonies
new spain was a lot different
750 - 500 B.c? non si tratta di greci .ma di pelasghi iliri dardani maqedoni. un unico popolo .
Really and all these archeological places in Greece and many other countries who made??? Illyrians????
Albanian LARPing as Italian lolz
👍👍👍
Thanks!
Kjkjnnh dvsvscs vwvwcwc
hope video bout to do numbers
As long as you'll learn and enjoy it, that's the most important thing. But yeah, good numbers don't hurt!
Thank you for this fun video about history of Greece I wish you one day you could visit all attention parts of and of course many statues and other things that are missing from Greece is a beautiful country with very welcome people😊