Exploring Mycenaean Greece - Culture, Kingdoms and the Historical Context of the Trojan War
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- Опубліковано 4 тра 2024
- In this video we'll journey back to the late Bronze Age and explore Mycenaean Civilization in Greece and the wider Aegean world. We'll also delve into the historical events that may have led to armed conflicts between Mycenaeans and Hittites and that may have ultimately served as the basis for Homer's great epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Contents:
00:00 Contents and Introduction
02:43 Helladic Chronology Explained
03:42 Discovery of Mycenaean Culture
05:35 Geography of Greece
07:28 Early Mycenaeans
10:58 “Mycenae, Rich in Gold”
13:32 Linear B
16:54 Mycenaean Society and Material Culture
21:21 Mycenaean Palatial Centers and Major Kingdoms
23:39 Orchomenos
25:30 Gla
26:00 Thebes
27:00 Athens
29:10 Tiryns
29:49 Pylos
31:15 Daily Life, Food and Economy
36:41 Importance of Bronze
38:08 Warfare and Weapons
40:25 Hunting and Horses
41:47 Roads
42:26 Religion
45:28 Minoans and Maritime Trade
48:07 Earthquake on Thera
49:26 Mycenaeans on Crete
52:22 Mycenaean Political Unity?
53:31 Ahhiyawa and the Hittites
55:31 Attarissiya of Ahhiya
57:55 The Assuwan Confederacy
1:00:10 Piyamaradu and the Tawagalawa Letter
1:05:16 Alaksandu of Wilusa (Troy)
1:08:29 Ahhiyawa and Tudhaliya IV
1:11:20 Are Mycenaean Greece and Ahhiyawa the Same?
1:13:07 Mycenaean Trade with the World
1:15:08 The Uluburun Shipwreck
1:18:01 Fear and Dread
1:23:15 Desperate Times, Desperate Measures
1:25:53 Possible Theories for the Fall of Mycenaean Civilization
1:27:24 End of an Era
1:28:54 Thank You and Patrons
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The Hittites
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Machinimas created using Total War: Rome 2 Age of Bronze mod
Sources and Suggested Reading:
The Mycenaeans - Louise Schofield
Mycenaeans - Rodney Castleden
In Search of the Trojan War - Michael Wood
The Iliad - Homer (translation by Peter Green)
Dawn of the Gods: Minoan and Mycenaean Origins of Greece - Jacquetta Hawkings
The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age - Edited by Cynthia W. Shelmerdine
Mycenaean Greece and the Aegean World: Palace and Province in the Late Bronze Age - Margaretha Kramer-Hajos
The Art and Archaeology of the Aegean Bronze Age: A History - Jean-Claude Poursat and Carl Knappett
Mycenaean Messenia and the Kingdom of Pylos - Richard Hope Simpson
Mycenae: A Journey in the World of Agamemnon - Alkestis Papadimitriou and Elsi Spathari
Mycenae: A Guide to the History and Archaeology - Elsi Spathari
A Historical Greek Reader: Mycenaean to the Koiné - Stephen Colvin
A Companion to Linear B - Edited by Yves Duhoux and Anna Morpurgo Davies
A Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis - Oscar Broneer
The Oxford Handbook of the Aegean Bronze Age - Edited by Eric Cline
The Oxford Illustrated History of Prehistoric Europe - Barry Cunliffe
Warriors of Anatolia - Trevor Bryce
Letters of the Great Kings of the Ancient Near East: The Royal Correspondence of the Late Bronze Age - Trevor Bryce
"A Mycenaean Sword from Boǧazköy-Hattusa Found in 1991" in The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 89 (1994), pp. 213-215 - O. Hansen
"Aššuwa and the Achaeans: The 'Mycenaean' Sword at Hattušas and Its Possible Implications" in The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 91 (1996), pp. 137-151 - E. H. Cline
Shout out to ARCAS Travel for arranging visits to many of the sites seen in this program. Their team went above and beyond what was expected, and I couldn’t have visited all of these places without their help!
arcastravel.com/
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#bronzeage #ancienthistory #greece
The best historian of our age. Cy.
I don't know about that but honored and humbled that you think so! Thanks so much for the support and for watching!
@@HistorywithCyHonestly your one of the most thorough historians on youtube, you try to add multiple contexts, and you give different possibilities on stuff where's there's missing pieces.
No one's unbiased but I can't tell you try not to. Thanks for the hard work
My wife loves his voice. It worries me… I never shoulda said “let’s lay down and listen to cy”. 🦄🦥💃🏼🕺🏼🙉😎
Jkjk. I started talking about Linear B and she went right to sleep. I love it tho.
I love when he does the voices. I think it’s Sargon himself lol
Ancient cultures have always fascinated me. The fact that we have anything from them at all is amazing.
I'm with you on this! Thanks for watching!
Ah the Mycenaeans: wonderful, alluring, enchanting and, to this day, enigmatic. Their civilization is utterly unique- thanks for this ep. on a chilly Sunday night! Be safe.
Agreed. I had so much fun researching and making this video and will do more Mycenaean-related stuff in the future. Thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCyI'm looking to find out as much as possible about the Europe and especially south eastern Europe history and I really enjoyed to see that someone separated the Mycenaean history of the Greek history. Actually the Greeks coming in the area are the beginning of the end of the Mycenaean civilization. There were two different kind of culture. Where ever the Greeks came, they found there the pelasgians which seems to be the south Thracians or similar people and we know this from Herodotus. We know also that the last isle conquered by the Greeks was Lemnos and the Greeks said that the Thracians were the original people of it. Iliad is also saying that the Trojans called to help them some Thracians being rhem relatives. The Greeks were a civilization of wars/conflicts, authority and domination property of the land, slavery, patriarchy and people control. The Minoan and the Mycenaean culture were exactly the opposite. The same process of destruction happened when a similar culture as the Greek one, the Indo-European one came and destroyed the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture. The same, again when the Rome a culture derived from the Greek culture raised up, the Etruscans culture, matriarchy, no war weapons, no authorities, no slavery, was destroyed. So I think that a few important changes made the Europe and all the world to be what it is today, a jewish culture and hegemony world. The book "A new history of the humanity" reveal the last of this changes, when the Europeans invade and conquered the North America territories and in that book is a good description and understanding of this process of the cultural changes.
I was like "only 10,000 views?? how, this is gold!" and then I saw "posted 13 hours ago"
"What grand and majestic name should we give our new city?"
"GLA"
"Oh, I think he's puking"
"Nah, he isn't puking. He is a literal genius. Henceforth we all are the citizens of *GLA!"*
😂😂😂
@@sizanogreen9900Making GLA Great Aegean!
The 3 founders of Gla: we'll use our initials! It will be so cool.
Or
Tourism board of Gla: we'll create this 3-letter combo trademark for our city. It will be groundbreaking.
Meanwhile, present day: what a weird name. Now, back to Mary Beard's book on the Roman Empire: SPQR.
at least you could pronounce "Gla"@@sarahrosen4985
Do I have an hour and a half to watch a video on Mycenaean Greece? Hell yeah!
So good to see so much detail in each city, must have been really tough to find info in such detail, thanks!
Thanks, I have a lot of b-roll from Mycenae, Tiryns and Pylos that I might just make short, separate videos on those places...or maybe something like a walking tour so that those of you who haven't been there can see what they're like. Thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCy would love to see them. also if you could do a deep dive on the terraforming done at gla. gla is fascinating
Cy, you truly have stepped in to take the place of History Channel for me. I just love the way you narrate and the flow you have to telling history that makes it come alive. However much careful planning you put into these videos really shows and is supremely appreciated.
Absolutely. After The History Channel ran out Nazi documentaries, it morphed into the ridiculous.
You have no idea how much I needed this, doing my classical civilisations gcse either this year or next, and I've been looking desperately for a reliable and interesting video on the mycenaeans.
Glad this was useful. GCSE on Classical Civilizations sounds really interesting, good luck!
My tour guide in the mountain view at 2:20 explained that the two peaks represented cattle horns. She went on to explain the old Greek culture here, but I'm only now understanding what she was talking about.
You literally have been my go to for History ever since History Channel stopped showing actual History it is hard to find long videos featuring History. And fun fact yesterday I was looking at a recommended article saying that Minoan and Mycenaeen share common ancestors due to similarities in DNA they both descended from the first Neolithic farmers of western Anatolia and the Aegean but Mycenaeen people who are share DNA ancestry with the modern Greeks have an additional ancestry of Caucasus and Iran northern steppe populations.
I recommend Ancient Americas channel, they have a very similar style but it's all about ancient america. Fall of Civilizations it's also amazing. Covers ancient history from all over the world but they post only once every six months or so. One of my favorite channels is Religion for Breakfast on the topic of history of religions
@@WildVoltorb will check it out
@@WildVoltorb Subcribed to them
So happy to see new upload, now to sit back and enjoy.
Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
My people’s ancestors 🇬🇷💜🇬🇷
Then you are from one of my favorite countries in the world... definitely my favorite in Europe! Thanks for watching!
@@HistorywithCy history with Cy!!!!! you keep me sane during my night shifts man so thankful for your videos!!
@@HistorywithCywhat would be your favorite in the world?
I dont know how Cy does it. He keeps it interesting and entertaining in this one as always, his passion just bleeds through into it. Good work!
I would just like to thank this channel for the important content it offers. Informative and doesn't waste everyone's time with deceptive re-enactments, which are never adequate. Instead we are shown actual artifacts, with labels, along with the archaeology and locale. Graphics are of low quality, but that's almost the point. Thanks.
Thank you, Cy, for the vast amount of time and effort you expend to create these fascinating and in-depth videos!
Good to see a new video been looking forward to this one !
Cy, Ive been looking for consolidated information on mycenae for a bit now. Very glad youve made something
Awesome, I hope this helps! Thanks for watching!
If I become a teacher, I may use your content, it’s well presented, well organized, and has a TON of valuable historical information. Keep it up Cy
Thank you Cy! I've amassed so many hours watching your Mesopotamian videos and more that at this point, frankly, it would just be a bit rude of me not to tell you that you're the bees knees of a UA-cam Historian! Fascinating content, passionately curated and lovingly presented - much thanks from the UK!
You’re amazing man the quality is unmatched
THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU for making an hour long video on my absolute favorite ancient civilization 😻😻😻🧿🧿🧿
Oh wow. I'm really going to enjoy this!
All of Cy's videos are incredible. Excellent narration, the maps/footage of the different locations just make it all a treat to watch.
Just yesterday, i was pining away about when is Cy our History guy ever going to give us more of his awwesome hard work and botta boom botta bing! Here's Cy the History guy 😁 with what looks like a well waited for epic!!! Thank you Cy!
I really need to hop on patreon, I feel like I owe it to you. Since discovering your channel about a year ago I consistently watched your videos every morning while shaving and in the background until I exhausted them about 4 months ago. My house seems different without your voice there so it's always good to see when you've published new work. The quality was great as always, my interest lies primarily in the Near East but I am always impressed by the consistent quality you display and your ability to digest and pass on information. Masterful.
Yo you are a legend bro your videos always are top notch with detail of primary evidence and great narration of old texts. Your one of the best history channels on UA-cam 1000%
I remembered to hit like before your dulcet tones and professional presentation lull me to sleep! Yes!
Love your work, it's enjoyable and informative when I'm fully awake and soothing for when I need to fall back asleep!
A splendid surprise to be sure!
Enjoy!
Absolutely amazing that there is a free video for over an hour, covering the Mycenaeans! I’m looking forward to this!! Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us and giving us the facts, theories, and voices of past civilizations! This is beyond cool 🙂🔺☀️🔺🙏
Just started and I arleady known I am going to love this video. Can't wait to binge this all in one go. Good stuff mate! keep it up, really loving your series on the ancient Egyptian dynasties.
Thanks so much, really glad you're enjoying this and the other topics. Working on the next Egypt Dynasty video and hope to have it out next month. Thanks for watching, really appreciate it!
I read an article a couple days ago about the results of a recent DNA study of Mycenaean and Minoan remains. Excellent video, as always. Awesome history channel.
What were the results?
What a wonderful achievement Cy. Well done for your efforts as always. 90+ minutes must have been a big chunk of work on many fronts!
Your videos are such good quality. Thank you, Cy!
Thanks, appreciate the feedback and thanks also for watching!
Another excellent video. Look forward to watching the rest tomorrow
Thanks and hope you enjoy it!
Thanks, youve become one of my fav history channels over the years
Thank you, appreciate the kind words and glad you like the content. Thanks for watching all of these years, means a lot!
Fantastic introduction and overview of the Mycenaean culture and the associated history, which is of crucial and particularly formative importance for the culture of the Western world and its development up to the present day. Great history lesson. Thank you very much for this really great video!
Excellent production quality, easily followed narration and well chosen imagery. I'd expect nothing less from Cy.
Great production as always
Thanks for sharing with us Cy Guy!
My pleasure, thanks for watching!
Truly excellent! Thank you!
Thank you for another fantastic video! I love these longer episodes. I enjoy how the Myceneans are simultaneously mysterious and yet well-known in the historical and archeological record.
God be with you out there everybody. ✝️ :)
Thanks so much, glad you found it useful... I like longer ones too because I feel I can tell a more complete story. Thanks for watching!
Great stuff as always! Better than any other history channel available 😀
Just wonderful. Thank you for this
Thank YOU for watching!
Thank you for the great content ❤
You're welcome!
Well-researched, well presented: JUST EXCELLENT!
Thanks, appreciate the feedback and really glad you enjoyed this. More on the way, stay tuned and thanks for watching!
A masterful presentation. Thank you very much!
My pleasure, was fun to make and thanks for watching!
Your content never disappoints, Cy!!!
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it and thanks for watching!
This is so good! Thank you!
Glad you liked it and thanks for watching!
Amazing footage!
very much enjoy the scenery and the ruins filmed on such a beautiful day, blue sky and bright sunshine, a beautiful location !! I hope one day to visit. Have been told that in the early language the way the word Mycenae was said is as follows: mic-ken-eye, and mic-ken-eye-an
It is just mind blowing to me when he pulls out the texts, 57:51 for example where Arnuwanda is straight replaying Maddu's F up for him, from over two and a half millennia ago like they were just some tweets on X or something!?!
There should be a class in school where kids just get to hear the voices of our ancestors. Hear them speak of their issues, their concerns, their treachery, and triumph. It would be awesome. Also, i wish there was a website that would catalog all the available texts in a single place. I bet AI will one day make tremendous advances in these documents. Especially considering how so many of them remain unread and not deciphered.
that was a great Video! Loved how you presedent the evidence!
Thanks, so glad you enjoyed it... was a lot of fun for me to research and hope to put out more Mycenaean-related stuff in the future. Thanks for watching!
Thanks, Cy. More great stuff.
Thank you, and thanks for watching!
Great one thanks so much.
thank you for this.
❤
At 24:50 zoom in, everybody, on the roof of that vault. The details!
Amazing... can you imagine what it must have looked like just after it was finished? Incredible stuff! Thanks for watching!
Thanks Cy. Now I have more detail to add to my daily thinking about Mycenaean Greece.
Awesome, glad this was useful! Thanks for watching!
This is a magnificent piece of work, Cy. I hope it will be used a lot in schools.
Thanks for the feedback and for watching, really appreciate it!
Great video! Thank you!
Thanks, glad you liked it!
Wow, very comprehensive. Well done.
Thank you!
Yet another amazing video!
Thank you!
Thank you, Cy!
Absolutely top notch!
Thank you!
I love it! Watched this video 3 times now!
Thanks so much, really glad you enjoyed this! I loved making it and comments like this motivate me to put out even more content for you all! Thanks again for the support!
Thank you again Cy
My pleasure, thanks for watching!
Love the pacing on this one. A+
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it and thanks for watching!
I've been reading George Nagy's Greek Mythology and Poetics, binge watching Wanax TV and now Cy's feeding my addiction for Achaean History.
Excellent documentary, Cy!
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it!
The magnificent Greece with its immense history❤
This is good work, ty
Thank you for watching!
Thank you!
Ok, I know I’m a regular HWC viewer when I stay to hear the names of the sponsors and recognize a lot of them from other videos 😆 Another great video I enjoyed very much. 👍🏻
this was great! very well made!
My pleasure, was fun to make and thanks for watching!
loooooved the exhibit and seeing the famous agamemnon death mask in person at greece's national archaeological museum ♥️ it was super interesting
Excellent work Cy, thank you :-)
You're welcome, thanks so much for watching!
Never stop reading the patreons, I live to hear Pastafrola.
Always fun for me to read...thanks for watching all the way to the end, appreciate it!
Absolutly wonderful description of that distant ancient societies... As far as I get IT SEEMS that even Aheeians Did manage to qonquered Wilusa ( Ilion& Troy) after return home they Did suffered a lot because others migratory invaders... Sea People... Regarding " Homer" Iliada & Odiseea ... Well they remain a Beautiful Story for many generations ... A unified poetical instrument for future Greek Polises ... Common grounds ... A sense of common knowledge & belonging of same POPULATION... Best regards from Bucarest ROMANIA 🍀🤗
so underrated brother love this channel
Thanks, so glad you're enjoying the content... lots more on the way, stay tuned and thanks for watching!
An hour and a half Cy video on the Mycenaeans? Instant like
Enjoy and thanks for watching!
need another hour and a half more
What an impressive video!!
Thank you, glad you enjoyed it!
Would like to see simmilar analysis of the Minoan culture. Great job on the video.
Cy you crazy man you did it thank you so much!
No, thank YOU for watching, really appreciate it!
GODDAMN CY 90 min!!!!!!! kick ass- you work your ass off and we appreciate you!
hello CY !
Im happy you are still active.
Nice TOPIC IN HERE! We love it !
xD xD xD
A minor suggestion,unrealistic or not :
NEXT time please consider doing a video about Thracian culture -- you will be a champion, if you try since it is a difficult task D Only you can achive greatness in such hard topics
Love this channel
Thank you!
right on time for my history of western civ course
Enjoy and hope this helps!
thank you sir.
You're welcome!
Just in time for the exam too... Awesome vid
Thanks...good luck on the exam!
ΤΕΛΕΙΟ(PERFECT)
The King is back!
Sorry for the wait, hope you enjoy it!
It should be mentioned that Agamemnon's and Menelaus's father was named Atreus. It wouldn't be surprising if the "Attarsiya" mentioned by the Hittites was Atreus. After all, Agamemnon and Menelaus being both kings would imply an inheritance of a kingdom that encompassed atleast their two kingdoms.
Perfect timing, im in the middle of making a vid that covers the same period!
Let's go!!!
Hope you enjoy it!
Yes!!
Enjoy!
History with Cy: a gentleman, a scholar & a legend! Keep up the exemplary work & research! 🐻🙌🏼
Skål
Thanks so much, I hope to live up to your kind words in future videos. Thanks so much for watching, really appreciate it and stay tuned for more!
Ancient Sites Girl sent me here.
THAT IS ONE OF THE BEST VIDEO EVER!!!
Thanks, the Ancient Sites Girl channel rocks!
@@HistorywithCy
YES, she does!
Great video. Even though that palace centers were themself cities. Remember that below there was a lover town and an outer citywall . Also historians now belive that pylos may have been fortified. But that there was a wall around the lover town . There may be more palace centers un-discovered yet.
Yeah I'm sure Pylos must have had some sort of wall, just they haven't found remnants of a cyclopean one like at Tiryns or Mycenae. The stones and bricks from the older wall were probably small enough to be taken and used for later constructions as was often the case in the ancient world. Thanks for watching!
Awesome as always Cy. By "make soap" did you mean rub olive oil all over and scrape it off or did they use ash for lye soap? We've learned a lot since I studied Hellenistic culture with Dr. Gantz in 1986.
This is absolutely fascinating to listen to! I must admit that all the Hittite names sound like spicy Mexican food to me, maybe due to the Hittites' fondness for names ending in "li" reminding me of "chili"...
Now this is truly a treat! What took YT so long to put this on my feed!?!! Let's get bronzed XD
Thanks for watching!