The electrons were there the whole time. Remember that opposite charges cancel. So an H2 molecule is made of 2 e- (two negative electrons) and two H+ (also called protons, it's the same thing.) So when you split an H2, you get 2 H+ and 2 e-. Think of it like cracking open an egg: it has a yolk (protons) and white (electrons). Normally, they're both together (and you call it an egg), but when you break the egg they come apart (and you talk about yolk and white).
I always thought electrons are smaller, they hardly have any mass, why bigger protons can go through the membrane and tiny electrons can't? It's blows my mind and is counterintuitive to me. Can you elucidate please?
I am a 15 YEAR IBEW ELECTICIAN. Always wanted to understand this principle Thank You for this interpritation. I always was wondering of the dynamics between the two too understand the conversion this makes total sense, as the electicity or electrons will always find the path of least resistance. I worked with a 70 year old on a missle site who was a genius. He said this is not new technology but will one day be the future. He is proving in my mind to be right after seeing this video.
This is the best explanation that I have found about fuel cells since I am doing a proyect about them. You explain complex things much better than any other teacher over there. Very nice video. Thanks!
the water can just drip out of the car, like through an exhaust pipe or something. so instead of having carbon dioxide and other more harmful gases coming of the exhaust pipe, in a fuel cell car, you just have water, which obviously doesn't pollute or anything.
Thank you so much for the explanation, really helped me out. I have a test on it tomorrow and I didn't understand it until i saw this. So again, Thank you!
the barrier is what's called a "proton exchange membrane." remember that protons are positively charged, so that fancy name just means something that postively charged protons can pass through. the PEM can be made from a variety of polymers, which are essentially a very sophisticated--and very expensive--version of plastic.
@cjforse22 those are really good questions. efficiency of a fuel cell can vary widely; 50% efficiency is reasonable. however, that doesn't mean that 50% of the H2 is released as emissions; that means that only 50% of the fuel goes to make the electric current, and the rest goes to make excess heat (just like a normal gasoline engine does), which doesn't do anybody any good. But, that would explain why you don't have to worry about the water emissions freezing up.
The catalyst is just a chemical which is able to split Hydrogen gas apart into its two pieces: electrons and protons. It can be made of a variety of materials, but Platinum is a common material for Fuel Cell catalysts. Unfortunately, it is also very expensive!
Thank you so much for this video, best explanation on fuel cells. I am doing a project on fuel cells and this helped me understand so much better. Thank u again.
I would've explained it the same way but I would add the catalysts. Explaining chemistry and physics this way helps anyone with or without a chem or physics background to understand the basics. After the basics then you explain the more complex examples. Great Job! Keep having fun with fuel cells! I will use for homeschooling.👍
its very easy understanding not feeling bored and easily gets into mind..... specially way the lecturer uses the example of boys and girls.......................
yes, an water molecule certainly does have two hydrogens and one oxygen. BUT, we can't just write H2 + O = H2O, and that's because oxygen never exists as just one O by itself. you can't just write O alone, it has to be O2. so, instead, i say that 4 hydrogens (2H2) and 2 oxygens (O2) make TWO molecules of water (H2O). again, this is because in a chemical equation, you cannot have O by itself, it has to be O2. does that make sense?
@cjforse22 But you really hit on the big question here: where do you get the hydrogen in the first place? Well, water is composed and hydrogen and oxygen, so you usually get H2 by splitting water in big H2 generation factories, using lots of electricity. But this presents a problem. Fuel cell VEHICLES don't make any harmful emissions. But in order to get the H2 in the first place, you have to use lots of electricity, and powerplants make lots of pollution. So fuel cells aren't perfect.
Great explanation. I have a few questions though: Are fuel cells perfectly efficient at creating this reaction that only produces water? If not, how efficient are they and wouldn't the excess H2 be a volatile emission? Where do you get the pure hydrogen for the fuel cell process? Isn't it dangerous to transport pressurized H2? Does a fuel cell run hot enough to prevent water emissions from freezing in cold weather?
I totally agree with you. One must learn how to crawl prior to walking. I was just stating my opinion. It may be that I expected more scientific rigor from the video. All in all, your explanation did its job well on showing the big picture.
nope, you're wrong. oxygen and hydrogen are both diatomic gases, so in nature they will always exist as H2 and O2. and notice my coefficients: i don't say it's H2 + 02, i say is 2H2 + O2, which makes two water molecules: 2H2O.
The Hindenberg explosion was linked to storing H2 inside canvas which was painted with iron oxide and aluminium cellulose butyrate. It's now much much safer to store H2 since we've stopped storing it inside explosives.
lam very interesting with your explanation. i hope you making video about direct methanol fuel Cell and explain it about transport phenomena, mass transfer and energy transfer, energy activity and enthalpy... lam very clear with your explanation
@cjforse22 and finally, yeah it is dangerous to transport pressurized H2. (Just think about what happened to the Hindenberg, that famous airship that was filled Hydrogen and blew up.) however, engineers are getting pretty good at making hydrogen storage tanks safer and safer, even if you get into a big car accident.
Thanks for a good show, notice that if anything the electrons e- are much smaller than H+ which are the nucleus of Hydrogen. Another important point is simply don't explain the difference of potential needed to maintain the flow of electron; possibly because you do not explain the reaction at the cathode of the Fuel Cell. This could really be great if you took the time to review it and clear the inappropriate portion in it. Best regards,
I stumbled across your channel and after watching a bit i think you might know the answer to a question i have it is unrelated to the video, my question is can beryllium metal emit neutrons when in contact with uranium oxide? If not can you explain why? I been trying to search the internet but can't find anything so what do you think?
Why does it have to combine with the oxygen when it's at the other side? The electric current had already been made, so why can't the biproduct be just regular H2 which can then be reused? Or is the oxygen used to "attract" the hydrogen through the barrier? In which case I'm wondering what forces makes it attract through so many barriers?
H+ ions must reach the cathode side and react with the electrons to form H2O. Otherwise, the circuit can't be closed. The reaction won't take place if it is not connected.
The electrolite has an ionising effect on the atoms. Actually if the protons (hydrogen positive ions) are not removed from the solution (electrolite), the solution would reach its saturation point, not allowing additional protons to enter the solution.This would mean that electricity would end quickly.Oxygen acts as a cleaner,by combining with (and thus removing) the protons and allowing a new batch of hydrogen to enter the solution.
Great explanation!. Pt is i think the most active catalyst element . But what features of Pt makes it active catalyst. if possible i want to know the mechanism how it works. thanks once again!!
I just have one question after watching this video that I wish I knew the answer to. You keep referring to this "barrier" that only allows the positive H ions through. But in a particle explain what would act as the barrier??
My assumption is that it would have to be a complicated membrane, which has a negative character, and would repel anything that was not an ion. How you would do that, I have no idea. However you might be able to find something similar on Na+ transports in a cell. They only allow sodium ions to pass through the transport, using the size and charge of the ion to stabilize the transport path.
Good explanation, everything is pretty clear with PEM fuel cell. But what the hell is going on in an alkaline fuel cell? Hydrogen is oxidized at the anode by hydroxil ions where do these hydroxil ions come from? From electrolyte? Which is base btw. Hm. That does make sense...
One of the best explanations I've ever seen! And btw...it's 2020!
The electrons were there the whole time. Remember that opposite charges cancel. So an H2 molecule is made of 2 e- (two negative electrons) and two H+ (also called protons, it's the same thing.) So when you split an H2, you get 2 H+ and 2 e-. Think of it like cracking open an egg: it has a yolk (protons) and white (electrons). Normally, they're both together (and you call it an egg), but when you break the egg they come apart (and you talk about yolk and white).
Tyler DeWitt very nice analogy.
I always thought electrons are smaller, they hardly have any mass, why bigger protons can go through the membrane and tiny electrons can't? It's blows my mind and is counterintuitive to me. Can you elucidate please?
Very well explained sir! Very helpful for GCSE revision here in England. Thanks!
this is honestly so helpful and its 2019.. dang
I was wondering why the quality was so goddamn bad, lol it's from 12 years ago
teaches how to break into girls dorm
I really like the way that you explain things. Best explanation of the fuel cells that I have seen so far!
I am a 15 YEAR IBEW ELECTICIAN. Always wanted to understand this principle Thank You for this interpritation. I always was wondering of the dynamics between the two too understand the conversion this makes total sense, as the electicity or electrons will always find the path of least resistance. I worked with a 70 year old on a missle site who was a genius. He said this is not new technology but will one day be the future. He is proving in my mind to be right after seeing this video.
This is the best explanation that I have found about fuel cells since I am doing a proyect about them. You explain complex things much better than any other teacher over there. Very nice video.
Thanks!
hey
would love to know how u are doing in life
are you alive dude?
the water can just drip out of the car, like through an exhaust pipe or something. so instead of having carbon dioxide and other more harmful gases coming of the exhaust pipe, in a fuel cell car, you just have water, which obviously doesn't pollute or anything.
It's 2022.. n It's the best video out there..🥂 n I'm never gonna forget this ..Ever.. Thank U Sir :)
Thank you so much for the explanation, really helped me out. I have a test on it tomorrow and I didn't understand it until i saw this. So again, Thank you!
OMG i didn’t realised that I’m watching a video from 11 years ago.. amazing well explained!
the barrier is what's called a "proton exchange membrane." remember that protons are positively charged, so that fancy name just means something that postively charged protons can pass through. the PEM can be made from a variety of polymers, which are essentially a very sophisticated--and very expensive--version of plastic.
@cjforse22 those are really good questions. efficiency of a fuel cell can vary widely; 50% efficiency is reasonable. however, that doesn't mean that 50% of the H2 is released as emissions; that means that only 50% of the fuel goes to make the electric current, and the rest goes to make excess heat (just like a normal gasoline engine does), which doesn't do anybody any good. But, that would explain why you don't have to worry about the water emissions freezing up.
The catalyst is just a chemical which is able to split Hydrogen gas apart into its two pieces: electrons and protons. It can be made of a variety of materials, but Platinum is a common material for Fuel Cell catalysts. Unfortunately, it is also very expensive!
Funny analogy, but great thorough explanation. Thanks for posting this!
even your old videos are amazing.
I hate chemistry before finding you
thanks a lot from iran
Explained in a very simple way. Thanks a bunch man
I'm excited about your ability to convert real difficult theory to simple matter. Thanks!
Thank you so much for this video, best explanation on fuel cells. I am doing a project on fuel cells and this helped me understand so much better. Thank u again.
Mind sharing your project with me? :P Kinda doing one right now too
Woutuuur same 😂
Wonderful analogy and explanation! Great work. Thx Tyler
I love this video!!!! I feel so nerdy :-). But it's so well presented!!! Great job!!!
Best explainations from all fuel cells videos
I would've explained it the same way but I would add the catalysts. Explaining chemistry and physics this way helps anyone with or without a chem or physics background to understand the basics. After the basics then you explain the more complex examples.
Great Job! Keep having fun with fuel cells! I will use for homeschooling.👍
I want this teacher for my whole course... he made it so interesting 😉
I would highly recommend the TED Talk that he mentioned. I literally just finished watching it, hence why I'm here.
its very easy understanding not feeling bored and easily gets into mind..... specially way the lecturer uses the example of boys and girls.......................
( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Please make more videos. I am a chemical engineering graduate in PH and your video helped me a lot to recall my early subjects
Amazing lesson :) I would love to study this one day
the concept is injected into my brain. THANK YOU,
My man here invented the handcam stream and I love it.
yes, an water molecule certainly does have two hydrogens and one oxygen. BUT, we can't just write H2 + O = H2O, and that's because oxygen never exists as just one O by itself. you can't just write O alone, it has to be O2. so, instead, i say that 4 hydrogens (2H2) and 2 oxygens (O2) make TWO molecules of water (H2O). again, this is because in a chemical equation, you cannot have O by itself, it has to be O2. does that make sense?
Just one word for u :
Brilliant!
This was just.. amazing
@cjforse22 But you really hit on the big question here: where do you get the hydrogen in the first place? Well, water is composed and hydrogen and oxygen, so you usually get H2 by splitting water in big H2 generation factories, using lots of electricity. But this presents a problem. Fuel cell VEHICLES don't make any harmful emissions. But in order to get the H2 in the first place, you have to use lots of electricity, and powerplants make lots of pollution. So fuel cells aren't perfect.
Of course if you make the hydrogen by using power from excess wind energy generation, the whole process can become green, right?
the best explanation out there, thanks for not making me confuse lol
@kasperzwemmen it's an energy carrier, because it's not naturally occurring.
Yup I’m watching this in 2019....over 11 years later lmao ! Tyler is probably married with children by now. Lol
heteronormative much!
@@hs3586 get a life
So what you're saying is that he managed to break into the girls' dorm.
You are an excellent teacher
So so helpful! Thank you! Brilliant explanation that ill remember.
Best explanation by far. thanks.
Good Job the best explanation so far.....
Great explanation. I have a few questions though:
Are fuel cells perfectly efficient at creating this reaction that only produces water? If not, how efficient are they and wouldn't the excess H2 be a volatile emission? Where do you get the pure hydrogen for the fuel cell process? Isn't it dangerous to transport pressurized H2? Does a fuel cell run hot enough to prevent water emissions from freezing in cold weather?
I totally agree with you. One must learn how to crawl prior to walking. I was just stating my opinion. It may be that I expected more scientific rigor from the video. All in all, your explanation did its job well on showing the big picture.
Thank you for the wonderful explanation of the process!
Very clear explanation - thanks!
Am I the only one thinking that the girls get two boys each? Very helpful video, thanks!!
Unexpectable good explanation. Well done.
Thank you for the video. Very clear.
nope, you're wrong. oxygen and hydrogen are both diatomic gases, so in nature they will always exist as H2 and O2. and notice my coefficients: i don't say it's H2 + 02, i say is 2H2 + O2, which makes two water molecules: 2H2O.
this video is a few months younger than me.. still helpful!!
thanks man that was a hell of a explanation
@8:35 he says "catalyst is breaking Hydrogen into H+ and e-".Is there any specicific name for it ?
Great explanation. Liked the vid.
I really love your explanations n youre very passionate really appreciat it adds up what my book says so im glad i saw your vid keep going!
The Hindenberg explosion was linked to storing H2 inside canvas which was painted with iron oxide and aluminium cellulose butyrate. It's now much much safer to store H2 since we've stopped storing it inside explosives.
Very clear explanatuion! Thanks
Brilliant analogy!
thank you, your explanation was very very clear!
So fun way to teach about fuel cells
Thanks My Favourite Teacher 😘😘
That's a very good analogy
Very nice and informative explanation. Thanks!
thank you this is a really great explanation
very easy to understand, thank you.
lam very interesting with your explanation. i hope you making video about direct methanol fuel Cell and explain it about transport phenomena, mass transfer and energy transfer, energy activity and enthalpy... lam very clear with your explanation
@cjforse22 and finally, yeah it is dangerous to transport pressurized H2. (Just think about what happened to the Hindenberg, that famous airship that was filled Hydrogen and blew up.) however, engineers are getting pretty good at making hydrogen storage tanks safer and safer, even if you get into a big car accident.
@cjforse22
nice work, really good
Good explanation!
Now I can understand chemistry not just memorizing it
thanks man for this.. going to write tomo's power plant engg exam with what u said.
I needed this, dad explaining to me how to finish my 6th grade homework in kid-speak.
no homo, but i love youu for making fuel cell clear in my head!! :))) keep it up man!! u should be my lecturer instead.
Thanks! Great explanation!
Very helpful to understand👍👍
this is so helpful. Where would the water go if it was produced?
Ypu are the best!! well explained!
Thanks for a good show, notice that if anything the electrons e- are much smaller than H+ which are the nucleus of Hydrogen. Another important point is simply don't explain the difference of potential needed to maintain the flow of electron; possibly because you do not explain the reaction at the cathode of the Fuel Cell.
This could really be great if you took the time to review it and clear the inappropriate portion in it.
Best regards,
this is great! It helps me understand the fuel cell! where does the water go after it is done?
It is far very good , i love this . I finally understand^^
I stumbled across your channel and after watching a bit i think you might know the answer to a question i have it is unrelated to the video, my question is can beryllium metal emit neutrons when in contact with uranium oxide? If not can you explain why? I been trying to search the internet but can't find anything so what do you think?
Thanks a lot! You really helped me out a lot with my project. =)
super great bruh!!
thank you, Tyler.
it's 2022/11/08, it is still the best :)
thanks, this really helps
Why does it have to combine with the oxygen when it's at the other side? The electric current had already been made, so why can't the biproduct be just regular H2 which can then be reused? Or is the oxygen used to "attract" the hydrogen through the barrier? In which case I'm wondering what forces makes it attract through so many barriers?
H+ ions must reach the cathode side and react with the electrons to form H2O. Otherwise, the circuit can't be closed. The reaction won't take place if it is not connected.
The electrolite has an ionising effect on the atoms.
Actually if the protons (hydrogen positive ions) are not removed from the solution (electrolite), the solution would reach its saturation point, not allowing additional protons to enter the solution.This would mean that electricity would end quickly.Oxygen acts as a cleaner,by combining with (and thus removing) the protons and allowing a new batch of hydrogen to enter the solution.
Great Video!
Great explanation!. Pt is i think the most active catalyst element . But what features of Pt makes it active catalyst. if possible i want to know the mechanism how it works. thanks once again!!
How does the separation of H2 cause the electrons to disassociate?
Good video! Keep it up!
Well explained
I watching this in 2020
awesome video
Can u please continue on electochemistry and faradays constant i would really appreciate it
what about the koh and NaoH in fuel cells as given by the text
Hello sir, have you ever used titanium sintered materials?
THANK YOU LEGEND
I just have one question after watching this video that I wish I knew the answer to. You keep referring to this "barrier" that only allows the positive H ions through. But in a particle explain what would act as the barrier??
My assumption is that it would have to be a complicated membrane, which has a negative character, and would repel anything that was not an ion. How you would do that, I have no idea. However you might be able to find something similar on Na+ transports in a cell. They only allow sodium ions to pass through the transport, using the size and charge of the ion to stabilize the transport path.
TriforceOfCourageQuan salt is a natiral electrolyte that acts like a barrier imoenetrable by electrons
Good explanation, everything is pretty clear with PEM fuel cell. But what the hell is going on in an alkaline fuel cell? Hydrogen is oxidized at the anode by hydroxil ions where do these hydroxil ions come from? From electrolyte? Which is base btw. Hm. That does make sense...
Best explanation. But I don't get how can so small current turn a big motor or for big motor I must use big fuel cell