Yttrium - Periodic Table of Videos
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- Опубліковано 28 тра 2024
- Here is a new and improved video about Yttrium.
More links and info in full description ↓↓↓
Ytterby road trip videos: • Sweden Roadtrip - Peri...
Featuring Sir Martyn Polikaoff and Neil Barnes. Including superconductors and YInMn Blue.
Thanks to The Royal Society of Chemistry for supporting this episode: www.rsc.org
Special thanks to:
Anthony Lipmann for donating the Yttrium metal,
Mas Subramanian for donating the YInMn Blue
And Merck at Sigma Aldrich for donating the Yttrium Chloride.
Videos on all 118 elements: bit.ly/118elements
Support us on Patreon: / periodicvideos
More chemistry at www.periodicvideos.com/
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And on Twitter at / periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: bit.ly/NottChem
This episode was also generously supported by The Gatsby Charitable Foundation
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: www.bradyharan.com/
Brady's Blog: www.bradyharanblog.com
Join Brady's mailing list for updates and extra stuff --- eepurl.com/YdjL9 - Наука та технологія
“Neil and Brady got real excited”, meanwhile the professor is all like “ah yes, superconducting magnets, how quaint“.
Why is it always the most useless comments that get the most upvotes?
@@hobbified Dunno. Gotta get lucky. My comment on a video about drawing skirts I forgot about really resonated with many apparently.
@@hobbified Three tips tho:
1. Gotta be fast. Can't allow it to be buried before it gets popular
2. Gotta be relevant. Make it about the video.
3. Gotta be witty. Make lots of people laugh or go wow.
@@hobbified Why do you care ? You needed these upvotes ?
😂
Professor, you’re a world treasure and truly an inspiration for students who are striving to pursue a career in science 🧬
Yes 🙌 Yes
yes
Yes.
Well said Andre!
Thank you
It's nice to see these updates on the elements. There's always something new to discover with chemistry (and the other branches of science, of course)
That's so true! I watched the originals in my highschool chemistry classes and I'm now actually using my science degree for work!
Regarding Prussian Blue (mentioned by the Professor at 10:20) it has mechanical properties as a consistant ultra fine granule. It's used for marking up and fitting of highly precise mechanical assemblies to within tollerances of 0.001mm or less.
Very usefull pigment.
Oh, right, like when precision scraping steel surfaces.
There's also talk of using it as a cathode in Sodium-ion batteries, which could be a much less resource intensive alternative to Lithium-Ion batteries.
Is this what is called engineers blue I remember using as an apprentice?
It is because it is colloidal in nature in the preparation used in "engineers blue" and provides sub-micron pigment layer.
Prussian Blue is also medically used to treat radioactive cesium and thallium poisoning, as well as non-radioactive thallium poisoning.
Fascinating. As a painter, I'll be looking out for that intriguing new pigment: *YlnMn Blue.*
You could do an entire episode on all the *_Toxic_* substances that have been put into paints over the years. Some remarkably poisonous - even lethal - *Elements* & *Compounds* have been used to make *_Paint Pigments._*
With *_Radioactive Elements_* like:
• *Radium* _(Luminescent Blue)_ &
• *Uranium* _(Bright Yellows & Oranges),_
as well as nastily *_Toxic_* ones like:
• *Lead* _(Greys & Whites)_ &
• *Cadmium* _(Bright Yellows & Oranges)_
each being very popular in their time - at least, until how very dangerous to human life they were.
Among the common - yet toxic - paint compounds, is one that I'd very much like you to discuss as chemists: *Phthalates.*
• What is a *Phthalate?*
• What are their negative health consequences?
• Why are they still so ubiquitous, when then they can cause such nasty health effects?
This be a great video for them to make.
There were also a lot of arsenic-based paints in the 19th century, as I recall. (Scheele's green -- I just watched the arsenic video.)
@@beeble2003 Another popular arsenic-based pigment was Paris green. A lot of it was sold as insecticide - and it did very well in that application.
Cadmium-based pigments are used in tattoo "inks" -- which aren't really inks. Countless people are injecting industrial-grade pigments into their largest organ. (But they only eat "organic.")
The pigment was sold for a while by an Australian complany as "Oregon Blue YInMn", at the bargain price of $180 per 40ml. Unfortunately, it has been unavailable for the past couple of years. With some luck, there will be a new supplier soon. The price is unlikely to be lower. But from what I've heard, the pigment has some very nice properties.
"I found yttrium interesting..." is a great way to say "That stuff is levitating!" I have to agree though, yttrium is even more fascinating than I expected.
Even behind the mask, you can see the pure joy of Professor Poliakoff watching the train levitating. This channel is such an inspiration to all!
I can't actually.
It's pretty sad seeing a mask on him. For a moment it was if the modern world hadn't caught up with him yet.
Periodic Videos inspired me to re-learn chemistry at the age of 36, even leading to two Org Chem college courses. Five years later, I’m still excited to see a periodic video released!
Oh! A LEGO Sir Martyn! Wow, that is a beautiful blue!
Nine, 9, elements have their discoveries tracing back to Ytterby: Erbium, Terbium, Yttrium, Ytterbium, Scandium, Holmium, Thulium, Gadolinium and Tantalum. (at least according to my old high-school chemistry-books, Swedish...)
The statement should probably have been that four elements are named after Ytterby (the first four from your list). (The next three also have geographic etymologies referring indirectly to their source at Ytterby).
If you enjoy that, you should try "Tale of the Seven Elements" a book on the least-known elements which is fascinating. The audiobook is also available, and quite relaxing as well.
Every time PV posts a new video, I feel like an excited 8 year old getting a surprise present. The humility and inexhaustable enthusiasm that the professor and the team exhibit is just so infectious!
I wrote a report in 3rd grade about Yttrium, back in 1986. I've been obsessed with it since. Thank you for finally giving it proper coverage, 10 year me is rejoicing inside. :)
I use Prussian Blue all the time as I make art using the Cyanotype process - very simple to use, but would love to see a chemical explanation by the Prof of the precise effect of UV light on the reactants.
Fe(III) is reduced by citrate in the presence of UV light to Fe(II). Oxalate and tartrate are also capable of reducing Fe(III). With oxalate reaction proceed as follows:
Action of UV light on oxalate produce electrons and radicals:
(C2O4)2- + hν → (C2O4∙)- + e-
(C2O4∙)- → CO2 + (CO2∙)-
These electrons and radicals than reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II):
Fe3+ + e- → Fe2+
Fe3+ + (CO2∙)- → Fe2+ + CO2
Fe(II) which is formed in this reaction than react with ferrocyanide to produce prussian blue.
NileRed made a really great video about that.
There is a Nile Red video from a while ago where he made his own blueprints and goes into the chemistry behind it.
I love the cyanotype process, especially combined with pinhole camera negatives.
@@martinmckee5333 I think Technology Connections channel did something about this process awhile back as well.
I went to an art exhibition once where an artist was displaying sculptures and paintings using YInMin blue and it's just so beautiful
I'm working winth yttrium for my thesis work at the university! I found the video really interesting!! Thank you a lot Prof. Poliakoff!
YBaCuO?
@@jamescollier3 No, mostly metallorganic compounds even if we did some research about purely inorganic solid-state materials
This man is like a cartoon character I love him so much. This channel has somehow managed to interest me in a subject I've hated my entire educational career.
All my chemistry teachers were either hard to understand(way too strong accents), bad teachers(just reading off powerpoints,etc.), or so monotone everyone would fall asleep. Or multiple of above.
The labs were always way more fun. He does remind me of those lab teachers
I've got a practical this afternoon where we are making the Y-123 superconductor, what a great insight into the history and other application of this element. Thank you for this excellent video!
There are very few channels here on UA-cam that awake such a happiness in me as this one. Every time I see a new video I let go of whatever I do to watch it. I love you all so much. Thank you for your work.
Just noticed the cards on the bookshelf.
I am sorry for your loss and would like to thank you for sharing it.
Also used in growing crystals, I had to repair a solid state NdYag laser at one of my old jobs. And i used to work for a company that made artificial diamonds for industrial purposes and know it was one of the ingredients. I just worked on keeping the induction furnaces running, so i wasn't privy to what went into the mix
Yttrium Aluminium garnet is a common synthetic crystal used as a gemstone
Thank you Periodic Table of Videos for reminding me of my youthful love of chemistry. I had a wonderful high school chemistry teacher who was able to spark a love of chemical reactions in our stubborn heads. Professor you remind me of Mr. Runnel and I say thank you to such wonderful teachers.
I've been here for more than 5 years,this content keeps its quality. Thank you to the professor and all the contributors, this is amazing.
Yttrium is an element I've never heard about 20 years ago, but now it's showing up all the time when you're looking into new materials being developed for all kinds of uses.
And the video didn't even touch on applications like YIG oscillators and YAG lasers
@@MarkTillotson go on...
This was a really cool video - I've seen videos of yttrium superconductors before, but I never knew of YInMn Blue before. That's such an interesting composition to make a pigment!
You guys are so fun and educational. I always enjoy watching, even with zero chemistry knowledge.
Congratulations to your students for their recent win of the Merck compound challenge, professor!
Didn't really know much about yttrium until now. Neat stuff. Only experience I had with yttrium was a sr-90 source we had in a lab in grad school. You see, sr-90 decays into y-90, and since the half life of y-90 is considerably shorter than sr-90 the isotopes are in secular equilibrium. It was those y-90 betas you had to be extra careful about. Sr-90 betas have a max energy about 540 Kev, but those y-90 betas have a whopping max energy of 2.2 MeV!
Y-90 is also used in nuclear medicine to irradiate liver tumors.
I didn’t expect another element video; this is nice!
I love these videos, they're a refreshing yet relaxing way of seeing science in action. Beautifully explained and demonstrated.
If I am nor mistaken Yttrium is also used in the production of certain glass fibres for laser applications. Makes the total internal reflection guaranteed. Because any leaking of the beam is bad when one works with continuous kilowatt lasers.
Neil's grinning at the superconductor train makes my day happy. :)
That blue pigment is stunning.
I was so very excited to discover this new video this morning. I enjoyed it immensely. Professor, I would've have never skipped chemistry class if your were the instructor.
I’m so grateful to have this channel! The videos are always full of intriguing and entertaining information! Many thanks!
I kept calling it "Yeetrium" until now because i never heard anyone pronounce it before 👀
I love how, other channels would have been Super Excited about YInMn Blue, or even the super conductive magnetism; but Periodic Videos gives us low-key, matter of fact narration. A smile, but low-key.
Love the faces when playing with the superconductor wagon LOL
That really is a brilliant blue color.
thank you for posting great content and spreading chemistry to people in the whole world, i discovered thi channel yesterday doing some research for a university task and all of those 13 years of content made me rethink about chemistry as a whole.
Very nice video
I was waiting for you to talk about YBCO superconductors
I wish someone would have made chemistry this interesting when I was in school
Delighted to find Sir Martyn and his colleagues once again posting their entertaining and informative "elemental" videos. From the days of my first chemistry-set over 60 years ago, I have been fascinated with the elements and their chemical reactions. These videos not only inspire me to relive (only vicariously, of course) those long ago experiments, but have also introduced me to quite a few new elements, their reactions, and their uses. Many, many thanks!!🙂🙂
I visited Ytterby this summer 2022 and visited the old mine. (it's not very well signposted) I was able to find some quartz and some ore which I now display in my students classroom in Papua New Guinea. I always enjoy and learn from these Periodic Videos. Thank You.
Yes, a new element video! Phenomenal work as always! I remember watching the original Yttrium video so many years ago.
Damn You ! Now I not only have to find out more about Yttrium but also YiMin blue and Lapis Lazuli ! Will this education never end ?!
I've seen superconductor maglev videos many times, but unless there's a practical application for this that would make it everyday reality, it will probably never cease to amaze me. The best bit about this is, when you take a suspended object and position it somewhere else in the magnetic field and it just stays there instead.
Yah, for lots of applications, the benefits from using a superconductor are offset by having to keep it cold enough to superconduct. But who knows, higher temperature superconductors keep getting discovered. Even some room-temperature superconductors have been discovered, though as yet they're all compounds that can only exist under millions of atmospheres of pressure.
I recently learned about thermal barrier coatings made of Yttria-stabilized ZrO2. Would be interesting to learn a bit more about these materials, too! It's not rocket science :)
OK maybe it is.
It is not rocket science but it is jet engine science, they are used as tbc coating on turbine blades to prevent them from melting.
@@demoaccount2392 The Raptor 2 engine has some thermal barrier coating inside, too. Unfortunately we don't know the exact type and composition, but I'm amazed by the extreme amount of bright light coming out of those engines when they're running. It has to be related to that coating, or even perhaps owed to rare earth constituents of it, much like a Nernst lamp. Seems like a topic worth another video on rare earth oxides altogether.
@@hardwareful True
This is such a lovely channel. Love your work, Professor!
Yttrium also gets used in Yttrium-Iron-Garnet filters, where a small pellet of it is held in a magnetic field with RF transmission lines adjacent to it, and it can make a filter with an extremely wide tuning range, by adjusting the strength of the magnetic field to change where it is tuned. This gets used with an oscillator circuit and made its way into a lot of RF test equipment as YIG oscillators, where you may need an oscillator that can sweep across many GHz. Not common to everyone, but everyday use for a lot of people developing the stuff that is commonly used by everyone.
That YInMn blue is astonishing!
8:16 It is absolutely amazing to see the levitating effect this compound has due to it being a superconductor under the specific properties. Imagine that this was the future for flying vehicles haha.
One of the best Periodic videos yet!
Always a treasure to watch these videos
Looking beyond the video, I see what you've done here. Bravo and well done.
These videos are medicine for my burnout in PhD research! It's so refreshing.
Absolutely love the demonstration of the superconductor levitating on the magnetic track. In undergrad my department had a version of that, except the track was in the form of a mobius strip! So you could set the superconductor flying and watch it cover the entire surface, "both sides", of the track.
I'll bet Old Holland (in Scheveningen) would like some of that blue pigment... it's right up their alley.
Absolutely adore this channel . Thank you so much
As an eletrical engineer, I'd love to hear the professor talk about YBCO.
Thanks to all who produced this. Great to see you all again
Just want to let you know that everyday my chemistry professor puts on one of your videos every day. It's pretty entertaining and great to engage everyone in the morning!
Yttrium is also used as a phosphor in those old style filament-like white LED lights. The LED sends out high energy blue light, and the yellowish yttrium cake absorbs and releases it in multiple energy stages. That's why those lights keep on glowing for a fraction of a second after turning the light off.
You know you've really _made it_ when you have your own Lego man.
Thank you for these amazing videos.
This is the physics-chemistry collab we've all been waiting for.
did not expect all that either!! awesome as usual...thank you guys!!!!!
An idea for a Periodic Videos movie…
Perhaps the Professor can go over the elements one by one and mention a an attribute unique to that one element?
That could be cool.
Thanks for everything 👍
On another topic, I suddenly have a bee in my bonnet to learn more about Perovskite. I assume you have plans to cover the topic eventually, but if not, please add it to the list. Thanks for keeping an excellent series going, as always!
Always great videos!
That particular shade of blue looks absolutely beautiful.
Friedrich Wöhler's song -
♫ Urea! I've just synthesied, urea! ♫
There's a train demonstration similar to the one you saw at the MAGLEV station museum in Yamanashi. It was really neat to see in person.
Another useful application of Yittrium is crystalline Yittrium Iron Garnet (YIG), which is polished into tiny spheres (usually around 1um) for use as microwave oscillators. The YIG sphere in the presence of a magnetic field will actually oscillate. YIG oscillators have very desirable microwave properties (excellent RF spectral purity), and are used in high end RF test equipment and fundamental oscillators for all sorts of signal sources, filters, mixers, etc.
These are always nice to watch. Thank you guys.
Makes me arbitrarily proud to be an Oregonian.
Thanks guys! If theres one science I'm the dumbest in, its chemistry. So you're expertise on the subject is always mind blowing. I wish science was made this interesting as a kid. You guys are exciting the next generation of heros
Love the update videos with extra info. Any chance to do an updated Tungsten video?
Always a good day when Periodic Videos has something new to share with us.
Thank you so much!!! I will appreciate Yttrium more as well Martin!
These videos give me so much joy. Seeing that levitating train was such a surprise, and seeing everyone playing with it gave me such a wide smile. Thank you guys!
My old man works in the pharmaceutical industry and he mentioned something about using a radioisotope of yttrium, Y-99, as a form of radiotherapy for certain cancers. I believe the patient is injected in the site of the tumour with a radioisotope of a higher element but when it decays to Y-99 the tumour cells are more likely to take it up than healthy cells upon where they are ionised and killed, while damage to healthy tissue is minimized.
Professor, thank you for all that you've taught us!
Oregon State represent! I remember hearing about the blue pigment a few years ago. Pretty rad stuff. If I remember correctly, another thing that makes the new blue pigment special is it's considered relatively safe for use, which is unique for a blue pigment? I could be wrong.
I'm the Neil (but for physics) at a local high school. We don't have any purpose for superconductor demonstration material, but every time i see floating superconductor trains, i have to do my very best to not waste (because we don't teach anything in depth about superconductors) half a semester's budget on a very cool toy train and dewers full of liquid nitrogen.
That super conductor effect is probably the most magical feeling thing I have seen no matter how many times I see it or how much it is explained to me.
amazing info, beautifully presented
Another interesting application of yttrium is production of Eu(II) doped Y2O3 and YVO4 phosphors, which emits red colour after excitation by UV light.
And don't forget yttrium fiber pulsed lasers, which is invaluable in modern manufacturing.
Thanks for this excellent Video!! Hope to see more soon from our favorite sciences teacher
Oh hey, about half of my family has gone to Oregon State University. Nice to know that compound was discovered there!
That pigment is incredible. Such a gift to the world
I love the intense blue YInMn compound
Neil loves fireworks? Well, I am watching this on my break from preparing fireworks for a theme park in Anaheim.
These are the best videos. you guys just play around with a new thing you got. I would love if this is what a career in chemistry is like for everyone.
I liked the updated video. Love this channel!
Great video as always. If there is any more footage from the Bank of England gold, it would be great to see some more of that. Even a B-Roll video would be nice.
I just got a sample of pure yttrium metal very recently so it was quite the surprise when not a not so I get a new periodic video but it’s also about an element which I can touch!
You're like the science teacher i wish i had in school, i love these videos.
Love this! Love the levitating "train"! Love the super blue pigment! Amazing, thanks!
That blue color is awesome! Also the floating train. Very nice video.
Oh wow, that flame color is spectacular.
Channel still going strong!