Yes, of course. This is not new. In the 19th century German scholars did say that already. This is common sense in Biblical scholarship for almost 150 years.
There was two semesters worth of his classes, and a bonus series of scholarly chats with other professors last year. It kept me busy for a month- fascinating and entertaining. I’ve been meaning to go back and look for new stuff. Dr. Baden is a rare treat
I can’t figure out why Moses needed god to tell him what the 10 Commandments were after Moses destroyed the first 2 tablets: “Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke.” Ex 34 Couldn’t Moses just looked at his notes? Ex. 20. And why aren’t they the same?
4:37 I think this is a critical point. It's not that nobody noticed these difficulties, (eg. the confusing narrative in the stories of the sale of Joseph and the rebellion in the desert) it's just that traditional readers had a completely different framework to try to deal with them. This process usually involves trying to find an ad hoc solution for each problem ('well, maybe Korach was burned by the fire and then swallowed by the Earth'), not an overarching hypothesis like multiple sources, which would have major theological implications
(10 August 2024) How did scholars come to realize Moses did not write the Torah? One clue is the presence of anachronisms within the Torah. One such anachronism is found in Genesis 36:33 (KJV): "And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead." In the 1970s Bozrah was excavated by archeaologists and its pottery debris was found to be no earlier than the 8th century BC. Today Bozrah is Buseirah in modern Jordan. According to 2 Kings 22:8 the high priest, Hil-ki-=ah, "finds" the book of the law in the temple and presents it to king Josiah. Josiah orders his people to abide by its laws. Josiah died ca. 610 BC in a battle with Egyptians. He was a monarch of the 7th century BC. How interesting, the "book of the law" (Torah) is found in the 7th century BC making mention of Bozrah which is no earlier than the 8th century BC. That is to say, Bozrah came into existence some 700 years after Moses' death. Perrhaps the Torah was composed by its discoverer, the high priest, Hil-ki-ah, and passed off as Moses' work on a gullible king Josiah?
LOL On Ramesses II topological list Yr 6/9 1274/1271 In Seir and Moab conquered Btrt and Tibunu. In Seir the cities of the time were tent cities. Btrt (Bozrah) probably had no permanent location at the time. Rameses III Seir-Bedu: Undated campaign "I destroyed the people of Seir among the Bedouin (Bedu) tribes. I razed their tents: their people, their property, and their cattle as well, without number, pinioned and carried away in captivity, as the tribute of Egypt. ..." So far no one has found mud brick walls of tents.
@@501Mobius You are right about no brick walls of tents being found, but stones, arranged in circles, have been found, serving as a foundation to anchor tents to from the Early Bronze Age II era, circa 2300 BC, in the Sinai and Negev.
He's Jewish, but given his excellent course on the Hebrew Bible at the Yale Divinity School's UA-cam, he clearly doesn't believe a whole lot of it is historical, and what he does believe is historical he still sees as a human creation that seeks to serve human socio-cultural-political interests.
@@DrVictorVasconcelos I think the word 'believe' shouldn't be applied to scholars, even historians. Unbiased views are the most valuable. I have few friends Jews who are atheists.
That's mostly a concern I've seen in religious studies, though. In the epistemology/theory of knowledge tradition I come from, belief doesn't imply lack of evidence at all. It's merely a term that's agnostic about the truthfulness of the belief (beliefs that are true would be referred to as "knowledge").
Thutmosis III invaded invaded Megido. The area of Canaan was under Eyptian control, and it was the Egyptians who took the son's of leaders into Egypt to "educated", circumcise, and send back as their overseers...Thut, the god of writing, laws, life review, and Moses, son who is drawn out, delivery (from birth, water)...When will this sharade on the part of the Abraham religions, the goyim, the prides, be over.?
The current scholarly consensus disagrees. "Moses" is an Egyptian sounding name, despite the Torah attempting to give it a Hebrew etymology. The Exodus is a weird story to tell about your own people's origin unless there's a kernel of historicity where an Egyptian named something like Moses led a group of Semitic people out from the center of Egyptian power up the Mediterranean coast. The Exodus 1000% never happened as described in the Torah but there are legitimate reasons to think there was a historical Moses from which these stories grew.
Umm... the Tree of Life with big stumpy legs, but only with the help of Black Widow and Catwoman and Gandalf the White. Then together they'll catapult Hobbits at the dragon until it's buried in Kiwis. Amen.
@@sparrowthesissy2186 The Globus Cruciger is an inverted Ankh and the switich of teaching how to be ordered, so as to become the ordering authority is a magicians trick that is used by the serpent.
Of course he did. Moses write the first five books of the Bible. God revealed to him to write. Are we now belittling God? Gid is capable of using whomever he wishes. I do not know if you are Christians because if you are, you would know that jesus talked about it as well. The Pentateuch, commonly called the Torah among the Jews, refers to the first five books of the Old Testament- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books are partly historical and partly legal. They trace the history of the Chosen People from Creation through the Exodus event to the death of Moses. They also preserve their civil and religious laws. Traditionally, the authorship of these books is ascribed to Moses, the Lawgiver. One reason for this credit is because of the recognition in the Gospel of Moses’ teaching. For example, concerning the marriage law of Deuteronomy 25:5, the Sadducees cite specifically the law of Moses which Jesus does not refute or deny; as a matter of fact, in Mark, Jesus replies, “Have you not read in the book of Moses….” In other passages as well Jesus references the teachings of “Moses and the Prophets,” e.g. Luke 24:44: “Everything written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and psalms had to be fulfilled,” and John 5:46 - “If you believed Moses you would then believe me, for it was about me that he wrote.” Surely Jesus, the “Word who became flesh,” would not endorse or tolerate a belief about Moses’ authorship if it were totally erroneous. The apostles also give testimony to the authorship of Moses. St. Peter in Acts of the Apostles quotes from Deuteronomy 18:15 with the introduction, “Moses said” (Acts 3:22). St. James and St. Paul attest that the writings of Moses were read in the synagogues on every sabbath (cf. Acts 15:21 and II Corinthians 3:15). Acts also describes how St. Paul sought to convince the people about Christ by “appealing to the law of Moses and the prophets” (Acts 28:23). Both Jewish and Christian tradition have accepted the authorship of Moses. Because of his role in the Exodus event, Moses is without question at the heart of the history and theology of the Pentateuch. Clearly, these books, inspired by the Holy Spirit, must reflect and be true to Moses. In this light, one should have no qualms in attributing the Pentateuch to his authorship.. If the mention of Jesus about Moses does not convince you then what do you believe? Dear lord God, we are in the times that were spoken of: “Where is the wise? where is the scribe? where is the disputer of this world? hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world? For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe” 1 Cor 1: 20-21
(13 August 2024) Exodus 14:2-10 has Pharaoh assembling his military forces, to chase down the departed Israelite slaves, to recapture them and bring them back to Egypt. WHERE, in Egyptian annals, is such an event recalled? An event witnessing the expulsion of thousands of Asiatics, expelled from Egypt by Pharaoh, then Pharaoh changing his mind and pursuing after them, across the Sinai, engaging them in battle? Exodus 14:9 KJV "But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh...and overtook them encamped by the sea, beside Pi-ha-hiroth, before Baal-zephon." Find this event, of Pharaoh CHANGING HIS MIND AND CHASING AFTER EXPELLED ASIATICS HEADED FOR CANAAN, AND WE HAVE A MATCH-UP OF THE BIBLE WITH EGYPTIAN ANNALS! Such an event is recorded in Egyptian Annals, despite some scholars claiming Exodus never happened! The Event, preserved in Egyptian annals? The expulsion of the Hyksos from the northeastern Delta (The Bible places Goshen in this area). Pharaoh Ahmose I expells the Hyksos. He allows them to leave with weapons for Canaan, with their families, in return for the surrender of Avaris, the HYksos stronghold, according to the Egyptian priest Manetho, cited by Flavius Josephus. WHY did Pharaoh CHANGE HIS MIND and pursue after the departed Asiatics? The Bible claims Pharaoh has come to his senses, and realizes his foolishness in allowing the departure of Israel from Egypt. Pharaoh realizes this will constitute a loss of slave labor. So, Pharaoh seeks to re-enslave the departed Hebrews. The Egyptian annals reveal a DIFFERENT REASON for Pharaoh chasing after Hyksos Asiatics of Avaris: Pharaoh FEARS A RETURN OF THE HYKSOS at a future date, and their re-subjugating Egypt in the near future. The solution for Ahmose I is to conquer all of Hyksos ruled Canaan and Syria, making them subject to Egyptian rule for 400 years, ca. 1550 BC to 1130 BC. Ahmoses I succeeds in overtaking the Hyksos at a fort called Sharuhen near Gaza, and after a three year siege, is victorious. Hyksos Canaan and Syria are now a part of an Egyptian Empire for the next 400 years. For me, it is Ahmose I and his change of mind and pursuit of expelled Hyksos forces, which was recast in the Bible as Pharaoh chasing after Israel in the Sinai. In other words, the un-named Pharaoh of the Israelite oppression in Egypt is non-other than Pharaoh Ahmose I of Thebes. The Hyksos were recast as Israel in the Bible. Different dates exist for the Hyksos expulsion: 1570 BC, 1550 BC and 1530 BC, based on Egyptian Chronologies called High, Middle, and Low. My research suggests Ahmose I was also recast as Moses (Hebrew: Moshe) in the Bible. See my "Academia edu. profile Walter R. Mattfeld" for details.
Why is he stumped by the Ishmaelites/Midianites question? If he was a Bible expert he must know that Ismael was sent off with Hagar. The boy grew up and lived in the Desert of Paran. (Gen 21:21) After leaving Mt. Sinai (in Midian) the first place Israelites came to was the Desert of Paran. (Num 10:12) Ishmaelites were from a region that was part of Midian. I guess they don't need math for a Divinity Degree because they can't put 2 and 2 together.
'Was Moses J, E, D, P, or R? Answer: He was none of the above. Rather, Moses himself was both writer and editor of the Pentateuch, and these five books were composed by him in about 1400 BC , not by unknowns at the time of the Exile. This does not mean that Moses did not use other written sources available to him (see later), or that he wrote the last few verses of Deuteronomy 34 that record his death. Talmudic (Rabbinic Jewish) tradition has always been that these were added, under divine inspiration, by Joshua. There is no external evidence at all in support of J, E, D, P, or R. What were their names? What else did these alleged literary savants write? History, both Hebrew and secular, knows nothing of them. They exist only in the fertile imaginations of the inventors of the documentary hypothesis. Evidence for Moses authorship of the Pentateuch. The evidence that Moses wrote the Pentateuch, often referred to in the Bible as ‘the Law’ (Hebrew torah), is overwhelming: Contrary to the views of Wellhausen and others, archaeological research has established that writing was indeed well known in Moses’ day. The JEDP hypothesis falsely assumes that the Israelites waited until many centuries after the foundation of their nation before committing any of their history or laws to written form, even though their neighbours kept written records of their own history and religion from before the time of Moses. The author is obviously an eyewitness of the Exodus from Egypt, familiar with the geography, flora and fauna of the region; he uses several Egyptian words, and refers to customs that go back to the second millennium BC. The Pentateuch claims in many places that Moses was the writer, e.g. Exodus 17:14; 24:4-7; 34:27; Numbers 33:2; Deuteronomy 31:9, 22, 24. Many times in the rest of the Old Testament, Moses is said to have been the writer, e.g. Joshua 1:7-8; 8:32-34; Judges 3:4; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 14:6; 21:8; 2 Chronicles 25:4; Ezra 6:18; Nehemiah 8:1; 13:1; Daniel 9:11-13. In the New Testament, Jesus frequently spoke of Moses’ writings or the Law of Moses, e.g. Matthew 8:4; 19:7-8; Mark 7:10; 12:26; Luke 24:27, 44; John 5:46-47; 7:19. Jesus said that those who ‘hear not [i.e. reject] Moses’ would not be persuaded ‘though one rose from the dead’ (Luke 16:31). Thus we see that those churches and seminaries which reject the historicity of Moses’ writings often also reject the literal bodily resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ. Other New Testament speakers/writers said the same thing, e.g. John 1:17; Acts 6:14; 13:39; 15:5; 1 Corinthians 9:9; 2 Corinthians 3:15; Hebrews 10:28. Does this mean that Moses wrote Genesis without reference to any previous information? Not necessarily. Genesis comprises narratives of historical events that occurred before Moses was born. Moses may very well have had access to patriarchal records and/or reliable oral traditions of these events. In that case, such records would certainly have been preserved by being written (probably on clay tablets) and handed down from father to son via the line of Adam-Seth-Noah-Shem-Abraham-Isaac-Jacob, etc. There are 11 verses in Genesis which read, ‘These are (or ‘This is the book of’) the generations of …’ The Hebrew word toledoth translated ‘generations’ can also mean ‘origins’, ‘history’, or even ‘family history’, and each verse comes either before or after a description of historical events that involved the person named. The most likely explanation is that Adam, Noah, Shem, etc. each wrote an account of the events that occurred either right before or during his lifetime, and Moses, under the infallible inspiration of the Holy Spirit, selected, compiled, and edited these to produce Genesis in its present cohesive form. Genesis does not show a progress from idolatry to monotheism, as Wellhausen’s evolutionism requires. Rather, the Bible begins with an original revelation of God, which was later rejected to the point that the Hebrew nation itself descended into idolatry and so was given over to captivity by God. What about the different words used for God? Let us consider this in Genesis chapters 1 and 2. The word ’Elohim is used for God 25 times in Genesis 1:1-2:4a.11 It has the idea of an awesome and faithful Being, having creative and governing power, majesty and omnipotence, who is above the material world He created. It is a lofty title (= ‘God’) and is the appropriate word for Moses to have used for the first factual report of God’s creative activities. In Genesis chapter 2 from verse 4, the Hebrew uses the letters YHWH to refer to God. Sometimes translated ‘Jehovah’, it is more often translated ‘LORD’ (in small capitals), and is the most commonly used term for God in the Old Testament (6,823 times). It means ‘the One who always was, now is, and ever shall be’ and is the deeply personal name of God. It is therefore used in His personal and covenant relationships with people. Genesis 2:4b ff is the detailed account of how God made Adam and Eve, and of the setting He prepared for them. Here they were meant to live and work in loving covenantal fellowship with Him and with each other. It was entirely appropriate therefore that Moses should have used YHWH in writing this section of Genesis. In Genesis 2, YHWH is joined to ‘Elohim to form the compound name YHWH-’Elohim (= the Lord God). This identifies the covenant God YHWH as being one and the same as ’Elohim, the almighty creator. There is no logical reason (particularly any based on the term used for God) to ascribe this account to any other author(s). The same principles apply in the rest of Genesis and throughout the Old Testament. The JEDP system is self-contradictory, as its proponents need to break verses into sections and even credit parts of sentences (that use more than one term for God) to different writers. Such a hotchpotch would be unique in ancient Middle Eastern literature. The ‘scholarship’ used to promote the documentary hypothesis would be laughed out of court if applied to any other ancient book! Ultimately, the author of Genesis was God, working through Moses. This does not mean that God used Moses as a ‘typewriter’. Rather, God prepared Moses for his task from the day he was born. When the time came, Moses had all the necessary data, and was infallibly guided by the Holy Spirit as to what he included and what he left out. This is consistent with known history, and with the claims and principles of Scripture (2 Timothy 3:15-17; 2 Peter 1:20-21). On the other hand there is no historical evidence, and no spiritual or theological basis whatsoever for the deceptive JEDP hypothesis. Its teaching is completely false; the ‘scholarship’ that promotes it is totally spurious. ... it exists solely to undermine the authority of the Word of God.'
Moses in the Bible is a fictional character. Plus, the Exodus did not happen. Abraham is also a fictional character. This is well known in historian circles.
Wrong There is 144 years missing from the Calendar Arkenaten is Moses Tutmoses III is Joshua Rameses II is King David Jerusalem is Tyre Lebanon The home of Heracles, Son of Hera, Son of the Dragon, Pythea
You proclaim what you have ZERO knowledge of, because you are hateful atheistic or anti-Christian piece of shit. or someone who has been groomed into a Satanic cult from almost birth.
I just don’t get biblical scholarship. You don’t accept the Christian interpretation of their own history and then try and jam. All the evidence fit within that. So why do you accept Redick interpretation of its own history and all the evidence to fit into that? This happens all the time, but in this specific example discern the Joseph story with your spirit . They are very obvious reasons why the Midianites were the ones to sell Joseph if the text was written as a moral lesson or a faith story.
Or and hear me out Jacob and his sons are a hard necked and rebellious people so they’re gonna kill him sell him whatever their scum, but God is trying to display his endless and boundless mercy, and so he keeps their hands clean so that they can be redeemed.
Biblical scholarship started with a bunch of Christians trying to study the text in earnest. Most biblical scholars today are practicing Christians - they're just honest about what's on the page and the context from which it came.
"The Christian interpretation..." This idea is the core of your problem. There are literally thousands of different Christian interpretations because the text has such plot holes and contradictions that people imagine wildly different answers for, while all insisting their particular imagined answer is the one true Truth for all time.
@@HessianHunter they think they’re being honest, but they’re getting hung up on labels. How are you gonna know there’s a temple to Yahweh in elephantine centuries before Jesus that worships of Trinity, one of which is most likely a dying and rising son of EL., but then in the next breath act like Christian made this stuff up out of whole cloth How can you know that The in India also worship, pure being as the most high God and then act like the Jews made up out of nowhere
Of course Moses didn't write the Torah - because Moses was an Egyptian prince who was illiterate and didn't trust any of the scribes he brought with him into exile in the Canaanite hinterland and became the leadership class among primitive hill tribes, who didn't trust the seafaring Philistine traders who were their writing class. It was an oral tradition until the Babylon exile, and suffered much corruption by Lilith-worshiping Babylonian influence.
@@CoryMartz take your narrow minded atheist conjectures elsewhere. There is huge evidence that Moses was based on a historical character, that like many such became mythologized. Assholes like you don't want Moses to be real because you've been programmed to hate all religiins
@@unholywarrior9007 David was just weak to the temptations of succubi. Solomon was the real evil one, who sowed the seeds of occultism that kept sex and death magic hidden secrets among elite cults while their naive followers got empty ritual baptism and communion. The truest messianic religion was the polytheistic Christianity of Serapis and the celestial bull, which is why orthodox Christians were so keen to assassinate and defame the real Messiah of the Constantine blood line, Flavius Julian us, Julian II, who held to the Serapis Christianity and was way ahead of his time in supporting religious freedom, but speaking against the Satanic ecstasy cults of Isis and other names of the adversary arch demon Lilith. The biggest sin of the Christian age was the destruction of the Serspeum, which set back God's plan by over 1500 years of unnecessary pain and suffering. Little known fact - the Chi-Rho christogram first appeared on coins of Ptolemy III over 500 years before the vision of Constantine and was a successor to the tau-Rho ankh of pre-heroic age dynasties, the Chi Rho being the symbol of the centaur Chiron, the last non-human Messiah incarnation of God during the age of Taurus, who was sacrificed in the age of Aries, the scapegoat that was killed instead of Isaac. Other forms of crosses were used as religious symbols of Messianic religions all over the world thousands of years before plastic Jesus was invented by several competing factions for control of the middle east during the transition from Hellenistic to Roman domination. That's why some Christian denominations look more like libertine Dionysiac cults, while others are more in the vein of the Jewish teacher of righteousness mentioned in the dead sea scrolls, who was assassinated in 135BC, the date we should have tagged as 0AD. Sir Isaac Newton, one of many scholars obsessed with predicting the start of the age of Aquarius as the year of the real Messiah's coming, very accurately calculated the duration of a zodiac sign as 2160 years, but didn't have the right start date, or he would have known the finale of the apocalypse comes in 2025, not 2160. This worked greatly to the advantage of God's faithful, because the adversary, whose big antichrist push began in 1666 with the anti-messiah Sabbatai Zevi, thought they had more time, and have been having to accelerate their Great Reset depopulation and Orwellian tech control agenda, what has drive the WEFs first 2050 and now 2030 plans, which are falling apart as mistakes are made that are opening so many eyes to their Satanic schemes since the botched plandemic
Deut 5;22, Jer. 8.8, are two verses alone that confirmed for me that the Torah was not written by one person. And I will never believe that Moses wasn't allowed to enter the promised land because he hit the rock instead of speaking to it. After all the bull he endured with such rebellious people. Even God was angry with them. Most of it is spiritual allegory anyway.
*Nobody* _has_ pronouns: they are not Joel Baden's, they are part of the language. The very fact that wokes call them "preferred" shows the laughable subjectivity of the practice, demonstrating its utter worthlessness. "Pronouns in bio" is a form of in-group virtue signaling: narcissist mental cases listing newfangled pseudo-pronouns like "zim/zer" or "fae/faer" are being "affirmed" in their irrationality by hehims and shehers, their "allies" who list the "old" pronouns, thus normalizing this insane practice, this form of announcing one's belonging to the woke cult. And they are trying to coerce action & compel speech in their absence. Pronouns are not words used to "call" anyone - it's not about being "polite", they list pronouns demanding that other people use them when talking _about_ the Person of Pronouns, not _to_ her or him. It's a non-starter. No sane person should use "preferred pronouns" as opposed to the normal use of pronouns like we always did: no one gets to compel my speech, especially not unhinged Radical Transgender Ideologues.
What a shame his audio is garbled.
It helps to turn on the cc.
@@jdaze1 Thanks for this suggestion, it does help!
Love your content, but please work on the audio quality of your guests' feeds.
I have no control of that.
The way he reads western story telling assumptions into the text is astounding.
Dr Baden, could you kindly try using a proper microphone :)?
Sounds rather like a bad connection over the internet
@@amadeus_k2466 possible but bad connections generally result in intermittent drops, especially with the video (as opposed to slurring one's words)
@@vladpetric7493Drunk?
Yes, of course. This is not new. In the 19th century German scholars did say that already.
This is common sense in Biblical scholarship for almost 150 years.
Dr Joel's always great. Wish we had more of his classes on Yale Divinity School's channel. I watched the one that's there twice in the last two weeks.
There was two semesters worth of his classes, and a bonus series of scholarly chats with other professors last year. It kept me busy for a month- fascinating and entertaining. I’ve been meaning to go back and look for new stuff. Dr. Baden is a rare treat
I really wanted to hear this but Dr. Baden’s audio is so bad it’s just too difficult.
I can’t figure out why Moses needed god to tell him what the 10 Commandments were after Moses destroyed the first 2 tablets:
“Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke.” Ex 34
Couldn’t Moses just looked at his notes? Ex. 20.
And why aren’t they the same?
4:37 I think this is a critical point. It's not that nobody noticed these difficulties, (eg. the confusing narrative in the stories of the sale of Joseph and the rebellion in the desert) it's just that traditional readers had a completely different framework to try to deal with them. This process usually involves trying to find an ad hoc solution for each problem ('well, maybe Korach was burned by the fire and then swallowed by the Earth'), not an overarching hypothesis like multiple sources, which would have major theological implications
Well, how can someone that never existed write a physical book? I would have to see it to believe it.
It was while studying the origins of the stories and the texts that started my journey out of religion
(10 August 2024)
How did scholars come to realize Moses did not write the Torah?
One clue is the presence of anachronisms within the Torah.
One such anachronism is found in Genesis 36:33 (KJV):
"And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead."
In the 1970s Bozrah was excavated by archeaologists and its pottery debris was found to be no earlier than the 8th century BC.
Today Bozrah is Buseirah in modern Jordan.
According to 2 Kings 22:8 the high priest, Hil-ki-=ah, "finds" the book of the law in the temple and presents it to king Josiah.
Josiah orders his people to abide by its laws.
Josiah died ca. 610 BC in a battle with Egyptians. He was a monarch of the 7th century BC.
How interesting, the "book of the law" (Torah) is found in the 7th century BC making mention of Bozrah which is no earlier than the 8th century BC.
That is to say, Bozrah came into existence some 700 years after Moses' death.
Perrhaps the Torah was composed by its discoverer, the high priest, Hil-ki-ah, and passed off as Moses' work on a gullible king Josiah?
LOL On Ramesses II topological list Yr 6/9 1274/1271 In Seir and Moab conquered Btrt and Tibunu. In Seir the cities of the time were tent cities. Btrt (Bozrah) probably had no permanent location at the time.
Rameses III Seir-Bedu: Undated campaign "I destroyed the people of Seir among the Bedouin (Bedu) tribes. I razed their tents: their people, their property, and their cattle as well, without number, pinioned and carried away in captivity, as the tribute of Egypt. ..."
So far no one has found mud brick walls of tents.
@@501Mobius Whats your academic source for Btrt being Bozrah?
@@501Mobius You are right about no brick walls of tents being found, but stones, arranged in circles, have been found, serving as a foundation to anchor tents to from the Early Bronze Age II era, circa 2300 BC, in the Sinai and Negev.
I love love! your intro man!
First thing when watching such interviews I usually want to know religious views of the scholar.
He's Jewish, but given his excellent course on the Hebrew Bible at the Yale Divinity School's UA-cam, he clearly doesn't believe a whole lot of it is historical, and what he does believe is historical he still sees as a human creation that seeks to serve human socio-cultural-political interests.
@@DrVictorVasconcelos
I think the word 'believe' shouldn't be applied to scholars, even historians. Unbiased views are the most valuable.
I have few friends Jews who are atheists.
That's mostly a concern I've seen in religious studies, though. In the epistemology/theory of knowledge tradition I come from, belief doesn't imply lack of evidence at all. It's merely a term that's agnostic about the truthfulness of the belief (beliefs that are true would be referred to as "knowledge").
Anyone who is an adult and still religious is delusional
@@Augfordpdoggie Atheism typically emerges from a low intellect.
Didn't they do a sound check?Prior to this video? The audio is so bad that it is not worth listening to
Joel Baden's scholarship is impeccable. Thanks for this interview. 💯💪🏿
Thutmosis III invaded invaded Megido. The area of Canaan was under Eyptian control, and it was the Egyptians who took the son's of leaders into Egypt to "educated", circumcise, and send back as their overseers...Thut, the god of writing, laws, life review, and Moses, son who is drawn out, delivery (from birth, water)...When will this sharade on the part of the Abraham religions, the goyim, the prides, be over.?
There is no proof that Moses even existed.
The current scholarly consensus disagrees. "Moses" is an Egyptian sounding name, despite the Torah attempting to give it a Hebrew etymology. The Exodus is a weird story to tell about your own people's origin unless there's a kernel of historicity where an Egyptian named something like Moses led a group of Semitic people out from the center of Egyptian power up the Mediterranean coast. The Exodus 1000% never happened as described in the Torah but there are legitimate reasons to think there was a historical Moses from which these stories grew.
@@HessianHunter Listen to Mary, she's obviously more educated than you.
The serpent has reached its crowning glory and become the dragon it always wanted to be- Who can wage war against the beast?
Umm... the Tree of Life with big stumpy legs, but only with the help of Black Widow and Catwoman and Gandalf the White. Then together they'll catapult Hobbits at the dragon until it's buried in Kiwis.
Amen.
@@sparrowthesissy2186 The Globus Cruciger is an inverted Ankh and the switich of teaching how to be ordered, so as to become the ordering authority is a magicians trick that is used by the serpent.
Of course he did. Moses write the first five books of the Bible. God revealed to him to write. Are we now belittling God? Gid is capable of using whomever he wishes.
I do not know if you are Christians because if you are, you would know that jesus talked about it as well.
The Pentateuch, commonly called the Torah among the Jews, refers to the first five books of the Old Testament- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books are partly historical and partly legal. They trace the history of the Chosen People from Creation through the Exodus event to the death of Moses. They also preserve their civil and religious laws. Traditionally, the authorship of these books is ascribed to Moses, the Lawgiver.
One reason for this credit is because of the recognition in the Gospel of Moses’ teaching. For example, concerning the marriage law of Deuteronomy 25:5, the Sadducees cite specifically the law of Moses which Jesus does not refute or deny; as a matter of fact, in Mark, Jesus replies, “Have you not read in the book of Moses….” In other passages as well Jesus references the teachings of “Moses and the Prophets,” e.g. Luke 24:44: “Everything written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and psalms had to be fulfilled,” and John 5:46 - “If you believed Moses you would then believe me, for it was about me that he wrote.” Surely Jesus, the “Word who became flesh,” would not endorse or tolerate a belief about Moses’ authorship if it were totally erroneous.
The apostles also give testimony to the authorship of Moses. St. Peter in Acts of the Apostles quotes from Deuteronomy 18:15 with the introduction, “Moses said” (Acts 3:22). St. James and St. Paul attest that the writings of Moses were read in the synagogues on every sabbath (cf. Acts 15:21 and II Corinthians 3:15). Acts also describes how St. Paul sought to convince the people about Christ by “appealing to the law of Moses and the prophets” (Acts 28:23).
Both Jewish and Christian tradition have accepted the authorship of Moses.
Because of his role in the Exodus event, Moses is without question at the heart of the history and theology of the Pentateuch. Clearly, these books, inspired by the Holy Spirit, must reflect and be true to Moses. In this light, one should have no qualms in attributing the Pentateuch to his authorship..
If the mention of Jesus about Moses does not convince you then what do you believe?
Dear lord God, we are in the times that were spoken of:
“Where is the wise? where is the scribe? where is the disputer of this world? hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world? For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe” 1 Cor 1: 20-21
(13 August 2024)
Exodus 14:2-10 has Pharaoh assembling his military forces, to chase down the departed Israelite slaves, to recapture them and bring them back to Egypt.
WHERE, in Egyptian annals, is such an event recalled?
An event witnessing the expulsion of thousands of Asiatics,
expelled from Egypt by Pharaoh,
then Pharaoh changing his mind
and pursuing after them, across the Sinai, engaging them in battle?
Exodus 14:9 KJV
"But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh...and overtook them encamped by the sea, beside Pi-ha-hiroth, before Baal-zephon."
Find this event, of Pharaoh CHANGING HIS MIND AND CHASING AFTER EXPELLED ASIATICS HEADED FOR CANAAN,
AND WE HAVE A MATCH-UP OF THE BIBLE WITH EGYPTIAN ANNALS!
Such an event is recorded in Egyptian Annals, despite some scholars claiming Exodus never happened!
The Event, preserved in Egyptian annals?
The expulsion of the Hyksos from the northeastern Delta (The Bible places Goshen in this area).
Pharaoh Ahmose I expells the Hyksos. He allows them to leave with weapons for Canaan, with their families, in return for the surrender of Avaris, the HYksos stronghold, according to the Egyptian priest Manetho, cited by Flavius Josephus.
WHY did Pharaoh CHANGE HIS MIND and pursue after the departed Asiatics?
The Bible claims Pharaoh has come to his senses, and realizes his foolishness in allowing the departure of Israel from Egypt.
Pharaoh realizes this will constitute a loss of slave labor. So, Pharaoh seeks to re-enslave the departed Hebrews.
The Egyptian annals reveal a DIFFERENT REASON for Pharaoh chasing after Hyksos Asiatics of Avaris:
Pharaoh FEARS A RETURN OF THE HYKSOS at a future date, and their re-subjugating Egypt in the near future.
The solution for Ahmose I is to conquer all of Hyksos ruled Canaan and Syria, making them subject to Egyptian rule for 400 years, ca. 1550 BC to 1130 BC.
Ahmoses I succeeds in overtaking the Hyksos at a fort called Sharuhen near Gaza, and after a three year siege, is victorious.
Hyksos Canaan and Syria are now a part of an Egyptian Empire for the next 400 years.
For me, it is Ahmose I and his change of mind and pursuit of expelled Hyksos forces, which was recast in the Bible as Pharaoh chasing after Israel in the Sinai.
In other words, the un-named Pharaoh of the Israelite oppression in Egypt is non-other than Pharaoh Ahmose I of Thebes.
The Hyksos were recast as Israel in the Bible.
Different dates exist for the Hyksos expulsion: 1570 BC, 1550 BC and 1530 BC, based on Egyptian Chronologies called High, Middle, and Low.
My research suggests Ahmose I was also recast as Moses (Hebrew: Moshe) in the Bible.
See my "Academia edu. profile Walter R. Mattfeld" for details.
THANKS FOR THIS
Why is he stumped by the Ishmaelites/Midianites question? If he was a Bible expert he must know that Ismael was sent off with Hagar. The boy grew up and lived in the Desert of Paran. (Gen 21:21) After leaving Mt. Sinai (in Midian) the first place Israelites came to was the Desert of Paran. (Num 10:12)
Ishmaelites were from a region that was part of Midian. I guess they don't need math for a Divinity Degree because they can't put 2 and 2 together.
Maybe you've missed something.
are u attempting to harmonize the joseph narrative
@@manbearpig3507 Never send a Bible scholar to read a map.
@@501Mobius wtf seriously u think what u said is an argument that refutes multiple sources of the joseph cycle
@@501Mobius u completely missed the point of source criticism didn't u
'Was Moses J, E, D, P, or R?
Answer: He was none of the above. Rather, Moses himself was both writer and editor of the Pentateuch, and these five books were composed by him in about 1400 BC , not by unknowns at the time of the Exile. This does not mean that Moses did not use other written sources available to him (see later), or that he wrote the last few verses of Deuteronomy 34 that record his death. Talmudic (Rabbinic Jewish) tradition has always been that these were added, under divine inspiration, by Joshua.
There is no external evidence at all in support of J, E, D, P, or R. What were their names? What else did these alleged literary savants write? History, both Hebrew and secular, knows nothing of them. They exist only in the fertile imaginations of the inventors of the documentary hypothesis.
Evidence for Moses authorship of the Pentateuch.
The evidence that Moses wrote the Pentateuch, often referred to in the Bible as ‘the Law’ (Hebrew torah), is overwhelming:
Contrary to the views of Wellhausen and others, archaeological research has established that writing was indeed well known in Moses’ day. The JEDP hypothesis falsely assumes that the Israelites waited until many centuries after the foundation of their nation before committing any of their history or laws to written form, even though their neighbours kept written records of their own history and religion from before the time of Moses.
The author is obviously an eyewitness of the Exodus from Egypt, familiar with the geography, flora and fauna of the region; he uses several Egyptian words, and refers to customs that go back to the second millennium BC.
The Pentateuch claims in many places that Moses was the writer, e.g. Exodus 17:14; 24:4-7; 34:27; Numbers 33:2; Deuteronomy 31:9, 22, 24.
Many times in the rest of the Old Testament, Moses is said to have been the writer, e.g. Joshua 1:7-8; 8:32-34; Judges 3:4; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 14:6; 21:8; 2 Chronicles 25:4; Ezra 6:18; Nehemiah 8:1; 13:1; Daniel 9:11-13.
In the New Testament, Jesus frequently spoke of Moses’ writings or the Law of Moses, e.g. Matthew 8:4; 19:7-8; Mark 7:10; 12:26; Luke 24:27, 44; John 5:46-47; 7:19. Jesus said that those who ‘hear not [i.e. reject] Moses’ would not be persuaded ‘though one rose from the dead’ (Luke 16:31). Thus we see that those churches and seminaries which reject the historicity of Moses’ writings often also reject the literal bodily resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Other New Testament speakers/writers said the same thing, e.g. John 1:17; Acts 6:14; 13:39; 15:5; 1 Corinthians 9:9; 2 Corinthians 3:15; Hebrews 10:28.
Does this mean that Moses wrote Genesis without reference to any previous information? Not necessarily. Genesis comprises narratives of historical events that occurred before Moses was born. Moses may very well have had access to patriarchal records and/or reliable oral traditions of these events. In that case, such records would certainly have been preserved by being written (probably on clay tablets) and handed down from father to son via the line of
Adam-Seth-Noah-Shem-Abraham-Isaac-Jacob, etc.
There are 11 verses in Genesis which read, ‘These are (or ‘This is the book of’) the generations of …’ The Hebrew word toledoth translated ‘generations’ can also mean ‘origins’, ‘history’, or even ‘family history’, and each verse comes either before or after a description of historical events that involved the person named. The most likely explanation is that Adam, Noah, Shem, etc. each wrote an account of the events that occurred either right before or during his lifetime, and Moses, under the infallible inspiration of the Holy Spirit, selected, compiled, and edited these to produce Genesis in its present cohesive form.
Genesis does not show a progress from idolatry to monotheism, as Wellhausen’s evolutionism requires. Rather, the Bible begins with an original revelation of God, which was later rejected to the point that the Hebrew nation itself descended into idolatry and so was given over to captivity by God.
What about the different words used for God?
Let us consider this in Genesis chapters 1 and 2. The word ’Elohim is used for God 25 times in Genesis 1:1-2:4a.11 It has the idea of an awesome and faithful Being, having creative and governing power, majesty and omnipotence, who is above the material world He created. It is a lofty title (= ‘God’) and is the appropriate word for Moses to have used for the first factual report of God’s creative activities.
In Genesis chapter 2 from verse 4, the Hebrew uses the letters YHWH to refer to God. Sometimes translated ‘Jehovah’, it is more often translated ‘LORD’ (in small capitals), and is the most commonly used term for God in the Old Testament (6,823 times). It means ‘the One who always was, now is, and ever shall be’ and is the deeply personal name of God. It is therefore used in His personal and covenant relationships with people. Genesis 2:4b ff is the detailed account of how God made Adam and Eve, and of the setting He prepared for them. Here they were meant to live and work in loving covenantal fellowship with Him and with each other. It was entirely appropriate therefore that Moses should have used YHWH in writing this section of Genesis. In Genesis 2, YHWH is joined to ‘Elohim to form the compound name YHWH-’Elohim (= the Lord God). This identifies the covenant God YHWH as being one and the same as ’Elohim, the almighty creator. There is no logical reason (particularly any based on the term used for God) to ascribe this account to any other author(s).
The same principles apply in the rest of Genesis and throughout the Old Testament.
The JEDP system is self-contradictory, as its proponents need to break verses into sections and even credit parts of sentences (that use more than one term for God) to different writers. Such a hotchpotch would be unique in ancient Middle Eastern literature.
The ‘scholarship’ used to promote the documentary hypothesis would be laughed out of court if applied to any other ancient book!
Ultimately, the author of Genesis was God, working through Moses. This does not mean that God used Moses as a ‘typewriter’. Rather, God prepared Moses for his task from the day he was born. When the time came, Moses had all the necessary data, and was infallibly guided by the Holy Spirit as to what he included and what he left out. This is consistent with known history, and with the claims and principles of Scripture (2 Timothy 3:15-17; 2 Peter 1:20-21).
On the other hand there is no historical evidence, and no spiritual or theological basis whatsoever for the deceptive JEDP hypothesis. Its teaching is completely false; the ‘scholarship’ that promotes it is totally spurious. ... it exists solely to undermine the authority of the Word of God.'
crap music
All the horrific things in the world
Reflect that.... GOD is not real......
HUMAN create GOD,
An Atheist and a Scientist.
Moses in the Bible is a fictional character. Plus, the Exodus did not happen. Abraham is also a fictional character. This is well known in historian circles.
yes you are absolutely correct these stories were long before ancient history Abra-ham means a group of people, not a person
how the fuk would you know? There is no evidence of any specific person's existence 3500 years ago, with the exception of superpower kings
Wrong
There is 144 years missing from the Calendar
Arkenaten is Moses
Tutmoses III is Joshua
Rameses II is King David
Jerusalem is Tyre Lebanon
The home of Heracles, Son of Hera, Son of the Dragon, Pythea
Just as dogmatically wrong as your religious enemies. Only you are definitely a voluntary Satanist, not a foolish convert of post modernist atheism
You proclaim what you have ZERO knowledge of, because you are hateful atheistic or anti-Christian piece of shit. or someone who has been groomed into a Satanic cult from almost birth.
26:55 I want to see some “what’s the deal with numbers 11” merch
I love his mind. ❤❤❤❤❤
Thanks!
I just don’t get biblical scholarship. You don’t accept the Christian interpretation of their own history and then try and jam. All the evidence fit within that. So why do you accept Redick interpretation of its own history and all the evidence to fit into that?
This happens all the time, but in this specific example discern the Joseph story with your spirit . They are very obvious reasons why the Midianites were the ones to sell Joseph if the text was written as a moral lesson or a faith story.
Or and hear me out Jacob and his sons are a hard necked and rebellious people so they’re gonna kill him sell him whatever their scum, but God is trying to display his endless and boundless mercy, and so he keeps their hands clean so that they can be redeemed.
Biblical scholarship started with a bunch of Christians trying to study the text in earnest. Most biblical scholars today are practicing Christians - they're just honest about what's on the page and the context from which it came.
"The Christian interpretation..." This idea is the core of your problem. There are literally thousands of different Christian interpretations because the text has such plot holes and contradictions that people imagine wildly different answers for, while all insisting their particular imagined answer is the one true Truth for all time.
@@HessianHunter they think they’re being honest, but they’re getting hung up on labels. How are you gonna know there’s a temple to Yahweh in elephantine centuries before Jesus that worships of Trinity, one of which is most likely a dying and rising son of EL., but then in the next breath act like Christian made this stuff up out of whole cloth
How can you know that The in India also worship, pure being as the most high God and then act like the Jews made up out of nowhere
Of course Moses didn't write the Torah - because Moses was an Egyptian prince who was illiterate and didn't trust any of the scribes he brought with him into exile in the Canaanite hinterland and became the leadership class among primitive hill tribes, who didn't trust the seafaring Philistine traders who were their writing class. It was an oral tradition until the Babylon exile, and suffered much corruption by Lilith-worshiping Babylonian influence.
Or moses didn't actually exist. Best regards
@@CoryMartz take your narrow minded atheist conjectures elsewhere. There is huge evidence that Moses was based on a historical character, that like many such became mythologized. Assholes like you don't want Moses to be real because you've been programmed to hate all religiins
Wrote a book about David an invented hero . Problem is David and Samuel were evil villains not heros
@@unholywarrior9007 David was just weak to the temptations of succubi. Solomon was the real evil one, who sowed the seeds of occultism that kept sex and death magic hidden secrets among elite cults while their naive followers got empty ritual baptism and communion. The truest messianic religion was the polytheistic Christianity of Serapis and the celestial bull, which is why orthodox Christians were so keen to assassinate and defame the real Messiah of the Constantine blood line, Flavius Julian us, Julian II, who held to the Serapis Christianity and was way ahead of his time in supporting religious freedom, but speaking against the Satanic ecstasy cults of Isis and other names of the adversary arch demon Lilith. The biggest sin of the Christian age was the destruction of the Serspeum, which set back God's plan by over 1500 years of unnecessary pain and suffering.
Little known fact - the Chi-Rho christogram first appeared on coins of Ptolemy III over 500 years before the vision of Constantine and was a successor to the tau-Rho ankh of pre-heroic age dynasties, the Chi Rho being the symbol of the centaur Chiron, the last non-human Messiah incarnation of God during the age of Taurus, who was sacrificed in the age of Aries, the scapegoat that was killed instead of Isaac.
Other forms of crosses were used as religious symbols of Messianic religions all over the world thousands of years before plastic Jesus was invented by several competing factions for control of the middle east during the transition from Hellenistic to Roman domination.
That's why some Christian denominations look more like libertine Dionysiac cults, while others are more in the vein of the Jewish teacher of righteousness mentioned in the dead sea scrolls, who was assassinated in 135BC, the date we should have tagged as 0AD.
Sir Isaac Newton, one of many scholars obsessed with predicting the start of the age of Aquarius as the year of the real Messiah's coming, very accurately calculated the duration of a zodiac sign as 2160 years, but didn't have the right start date, or he would have known the finale of the apocalypse comes in 2025, not 2160. This worked greatly to the advantage of God's faithful, because the adversary, whose big antichrist push began in 1666 with the anti-messiah Sabbatai Zevi, thought they had more time, and have been having to accelerate their Great Reset depopulation and Orwellian tech control agenda, what has drive the WEFs first 2050 and now 2030 plans, which are falling apart as mistakes are made that are opening so many eyes to their Satanic schemes since the botched plandemic
We need more Lilith worship tbh
Deut 5;22, Jer. 8.8, are two verses alone that confirmed for me that the Torah was not written by one person. And I will never believe that Moses wasn't allowed to enter the promised land because he hit the rock instead of speaking to it. After all the bull he endured with such rebellious people. Even God was angry with them. Most of it is spiritual allegory anyway.
You should ask for a refund from his universities
And your credentials are what?
Of course not, and he never claimed to-God did!
Ridiculous statement
@@Augfordpdoggie Ok then, smarty pants, where do YOU believe existence came from?
Arr, but which God?😮😊
@@Sammyli99 If you capitalize the word, then there can only be one.
The Nt falsely claims Moses wrote the torah 😂
Not listening to anyone with "he/him" under his name. 💯👎🏻
*Nobody* _has_ pronouns: they are not Joel Baden's, they are part of the language. The very fact that wokes call them "preferred" shows the laughable subjectivity of the practice, demonstrating its utter worthlessness. "Pronouns in bio" is a form of in-group virtue signaling: narcissist mental cases listing newfangled pseudo-pronouns like "zim/zer" or "fae/faer" are being "affirmed" in their irrationality by hehims and shehers, their "allies" who list the "old" pronouns, thus normalizing this insane practice, this form of announcing one's belonging to the woke cult.
And they are trying to coerce action & compel speech in their absence. Pronouns are not words used to "call" anyone - it's not about being "polite", they list pronouns demanding that other people use them when talking _about_ the Person of Pronouns, not _to_ her or him. It's a non-starter. No sane person should use "preferred pronouns" as opposed to the normal use of pronouns like we always did: no one gets to compel my speech, especially not unhinged Radical Transgender Ideologues.
No idea what you are talking about
Snowflake much?
@@notanemoprog You sound bothered.
Shame. He's well-known and his books are great. We need to listen to each other more. ❤
All the horrific things in the world
Reflect that.... GOD is not real......
HUMAN create GOD,
An Atheist and a Scientist.