When Gorgonopsids Reigned
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- Опубліковано 29 січ 2020
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Gorgonopsids where the last apex predators before the Permian extinction that was the precursor for the evolution of the dinosaurs. Despite their appearances they were not reptiles and were actually distant mammal relatives. This video talks about how they evolved and how they hunted.
Sources:
www.britannica.com/science/Pe...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
europepmc.org/article/MED/2682...
Nochnitsa (Ночница) is pronounced with the ch sound like in "chicken."
Ok thank you, I'll pin your comment so people know
Also, the name derives from the Slavic mythology, where it refers to a nightmare spirit.
@@mothlightmedia1936 now can we resurrect gorgonopsid
@@imranullah1319 how? There is no DNA, and there are none even distant relatives, which could (theoretically and not on modern level of tech) be used as source for gene tinkering. Even dinosaur cloning aka Jurassic Park looks much more realistic.
100% dead class, forever (if only time machine occurs, but it's even more unlikely).
@@alexmalyarchuk1723 just joking
Crazy how alien our planet used to be.
Or how Alien the World is today compared to the Past
Crazy how death before use to be only about survival
The artwork of these creatures looks like something out of Star Wars.
@@shinji1264 not really
@@diegostecca7319 Why?
It is sad that Gorgonopsians get overlooked by Dimetrodon, the Dinosaurs, and the Cenozoic mammals.
sad that their extinct. I would love to see what their descendants would look like today if they continued evolving
@@fatdad2156 yes but that wouldn't exist... You would exist but in a different form because if the Permian-Triassic / Kretaceous-Cenozoic had ever happened or had happened on a posterior time... Then the living species that we know (including ours) wouldn't exist or would have different characteriatics you know... We have to grant our ancestors for not being on the extintc list!!!
Actually dimetrodon lived before the gorgonopsid
Interestingly the only part of the gorgon-opsians that superficially resembles gorgons are their mouths and fangs
Because Medusa is by both mythologically and definitely, a gorgon
They're not particularly outstanding either at least physically (being Proto-Mammalian equivalent and basis of modern carnivoran mammals or canids in this case) especially when you compare them to the more exotic-looking Permian Synapsids like Dimetrodon and their kins, Moschops, or Estemmenosuchus, so it's easy to easy why they often get overlooked by people
I'm still thankful that Primeval introduced me to the gorgonopsids. The gorgonopsid vs future predator fight is still epic.
Primeval introduced me too Gorgonopsid
For me it was walking with dinosaurs but primeval was great for having some
Finally a channel that focuses more on pre-Mesozoic animals! As awesome as dinosaurs are, I've always been fascinated with earlier animals and how they evolved. Other than BBC's Walking with Monsters there isn't much high-quality content about pre-Mesozoic times.
late reply but the paleozoic is by FAR the best era and is extremely underrated. but if we knew more about the eras in the archean and proterozoic that would probably be much cooler considering biogenesis and all
The original sabretooths. They even evolved the same grappling adaptations as sabretoothed predatory mammals, except they took it further because they could grapple with their hindlimbs as well as their forelimbs!
So they probably did grapple prey like sabretoothed cats despite their teeth being replaceable.
did they have the RoM in their forelimbs and the right kind of claws for this? They are some of my favorite prehistoric creatures and this would be a big change in my perception of them, so I'm really curious about that
this would be a sick essay
@@marcopohl4875 They did have the right forelimb adaptations for grappling. They could even use their hindlimbs (!!) for this purpose, so they were arguably the best grapplers of all the sabretoothed predatory therapsids.
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113911
@@bkjeong4302 I don't have the attention span to read this paper, but that's so cool! in the rare cases they get any pop-culture representation, they're shown as very doglike, but now they have a cat-like adaptation, except they would have left cats in the dust! they should really be better known, they're just as fascinating as any dinosaur IMO.
Later, their mammal relatives will develop this same sabers for hunt.
So why didn’t we keep the adaptation of constantly growing teeth
Our brains use a tremendous amount of calcium. That could be one reason, but awesome question.
Someone must have forgotten to select it.
Great question
Don't know if it's true,but I've heard that the reason why mammals only have two sets of teeth was because early mammals from Mesozoic had very short lifespans,and didn't have enough time to wear out their teeth,so they simply didn't need the ability to regrow them and eventually lost it.
Similarly,I've heard that since early mammals were nocturnal they didn't need a good color vision,and to this day most mammals don't see in color (that's why animals like deer and boar have trouble noticing a bright orange tiger sneaking through the jungle). We primates are possibly the only group of mammals that evolved to see colors again,but even our color vision isn't as good as that of reptiles, birds and probably our non-mammalian synapsid ancestors.
@@ZP1993 We evolved Color vision again, because we were partially fruit eaters and plants already got the adaptations, that edible fruits containing seeds ready for dispersal all over the place by mammals would turn from green to other colors like red. However, as you mentioned, you need color vision to see this contrast. Most (if not all) birds do have color vision, even many insects can detect more colors than most mammals, because they depend on the recognition of different states of a blooming plant
Yay! Proto mammals/warm-blooded reptiles are my favorite! You should cover them more!
Yes it's one of my favourite topics too
@@mothlightmedia1936 and almost none covers it very often. i think it would really set you apart if you specialised, by covering them more often.
I would love future content about these creatures once new data comes out.
Dinosaurs are also Warmblooded, though evolved only after Diversing from Crocs
Some at least
@@mothlightmedia1936 Can we think of an alternate history scenario:
If Archosaurs never took over, for example If by chance after the great Dying, Gorgonopsids took over, but eventually got replaced by Cyonodonts.
Three scenarios:
Scenario 1:
After the great dying: Cyonodonts tooks over and Gorgonopsids went hiding, eventually the age of Mammals began earlier, the Asteroid wipes out some other clade of Dino-Mammals and we have our modern world:
Pisces--> Amphibians--> Reptiles--> Synaspids (Dinocephalians, Gorgonopsids and Cyonodonts)
Gorgonopsids--> Crocodilan niches filled
Cyonodonts--> Mammals (Dino-Mammals and Therians)
Dinotherians--> Monotremes and Bird niches filled
Therians--> Marsupials and Placentals
Scenario 2:
Gorgonopsids dwindled a lot but eventually took over, a parallel group called Mammals went hiding.
Scenario just like the modern day, but the only difference that Crocodilans and Birds closer to us Mammals than other Reptiles, just like the previous.
Gorgonopsids--> Crocodilans and Birds
Scenario 3:
My favorite: Just like we don't have something like Class Homeotherm in this world, in this alternate history no Class Aves.
Birds is an Aphyletic term
Gorgonopsids--> True Birds (Paleognathes, Chicken like, Acciptrids like Raven family and many more)
Cyonodonts--> Dino-cyonodonts and Mammals
Dino-cyonodonts--> Certain Snake, Frog, Turtle and Lizard like Warm-Blooded Reptiles (as these critters evolve and adapt through Jurrassic and Crataceous, they replace the Reptiles and Amphibians) this group also has Crocodilans
Mammals--> Ornithomammalia and Theriomammalia
Class: Ornithomammalia (Monotremes and Pseudo-Birds such as all other groups not included in Gorgonopsida or Suicromorpha)
Class: Theriomammalia (Includes All mammals except Monotremes and has flying-squirrels eventually evolving plumage, thus Telluraves niches such as that of Sparrows, Hummingbirds and Sunbirds are filled by these, also Owls belong here along with many colourful bird like mammals, imagine colourful sunbirds with squirrel like cute face)
I can see this one most likely, as mesozoic is the age of Dino-Gorgonopsids which evolve in raptors and later birds.
Non avian Dino-Gorgonopsids die out and a brief age of Dino-Cyonodonts beginswhere they out compete and out number the previously existing Reptiles and Amphibians, which do survive but only a few species remain, but eventually Pleistocene descends into the age of Mammals.
Niches like modern times but filled by different critters, So cool.
Classes: Pisces, Amphibians (Actually 4000 species, in this Alternate world 2000), Reptiles (6500 species to 3000 species), Aves (Evolved from Dinosaurs or Dino-gorgonopsids, 6000 species out of 12000 Birds), Homeoreptilia (Turtles, Snakes, Lizards and Frogs replaced to 6000 species), Ornithomammalia (6000 species of which 4000 are birds, although some Monotremes survive of which most are either Spiny Anteater like or some Reptile like but the Platypus group is more closely related to other similarly "billed" Ornithes), Theriomammlia (4000 Beasts and 2000 Birds evolved from Chiropters or Pteromyini)
The little part at the beginning about the prey being watched by Gorgonopsid reminds me a lot about that scene of gorgonopsid in the 'Walking with Monsters' series!
It was meant to. BTW when he says "Eastern Russia" he mean severnaya, literally "North"
Pretty sure that the idea of gorgonopsids hunting early anapsids became popular thanks to that segment of the show.
Me too
7:27 As opposed to all the other extinct animals who just weren't trying hard enough.
probably humanity will be (the first?) one
I'm so sorry for these creatures. I would have loved to meet them
Imagine having the chance to see what pangea and the old ecosystems looked like
Triassic reptiles would be an interesting topic to cover (such as the roles they played when the earliest dinosaurs started appearing and how their extinction fueled the success of the dinosaurs).
Check out the channel “CHimerasuchus”, he has plenty of videos on Triassic pseudosuchians, and has shown them to be generally more dominant than dinosaurs and only became extinct because of the Triassic extinction event and not because of out-competing.
Love your videos! A suggestion: I would love to see more images of fossils in these.
Permian & Carboniferous my fav ❤️ era of Paleozoic can you make a video on Carboniferous 😁
Yes, I feel I've neglected the giant insects.
Moth Light is such an awesome channel, really poses more complex and subtle complexities in evo transitions; glad to come upon it; thx
Proto-mammals are slowly becoming my favorite topic in paleontology
Gorgonopsid is actually one of my favorite prehistoric species.( mostly because I watched walking with monsters as a kid)
Same. A shame that it wasn't as in depth as walking with dinosaurs
Yes! A Permian stem-mammal video! It’s like you read my mind.
The southern African therapsids lived in a sub-Antarctic environment. That's why there weren't any sail-finned pelycosaurs. It only got hot as the Permian flood eruptions slowly cooked the planet.
There were also flood basalts in South Africa and India. Must have been hell!
I'm curious on what fauna inhabited South Africa and Russia at the same time as north American early Permian genera such as Dimetrodon, Edaphosaurus, Diadectes and Captorhinus for example roamed. I've heard that the Karoo extends back to the very end of the Carboniferous, if correct then it's strange that no fauna before the middle Permian gets any attention.
It would be great to see these videos redone with 3D CGI. Having said that, the artwork is nicely drawn.
Love me some fluffy gorgonopsid paleo art
Gorgonopsid - early angry Doggo
🤔😆
Saber tooth angry doggo
Slash cat slash hyena
not that these videos are boring - they are incredibly interesting - but your voice is brilliant to fall asleep to
The blonde at 7:52 "I love you, raptor - I think you're ok , to eat! "
Wish I were immortal and born way back then
I dont think you would. If elephants went extinct today, I'm sure you would be upset right. Well you would experience a few mass extinctions, so now turn that into every animal in Africa x 10. It would be way too sad seeing some of your favorite animals going extinct.
@@fatdad2156 I'd rather see them personally rather than as fossils
@@fatdad2156 elephants going extinct is sadder because its our fault. at least if you go back millions of years ago its nothing but natural selection
You'd be pretty bored waiting 250 million years for someone to talk to.
also, it is hypothesized that a human brain's memory limit can approximately reach like only within 9000 and 900k years worth so man you may not actually remember any of these anymore by the time your immortality has brought you to this current age...
Just found your channel and love it already! very informative, entertaining to watch without being dumbed down. Thankyou for your content!!
Your videos are always excellent. Please keep up the good work!
Gorgonopsid, one of the antagonists of Primeval. I am still getting goosebumps when I watch the episode.
Saber Tooth Cats - We must bite with precision!
Gorgonopsids - Pussies😂
I would love to see a video telling the evolutionary story of the Dimetrodon, one of the first mammal's ancestors!
I doubt that the volcanos were the reason for the environment becoming so dry. Pangia was a super continent. It's sheer size was the cause of a dryer environment.
it was global warming, there are some theories that other compounds expell during Siberian Traps formation helped to the release of the methane trapped in methane clathrate of the sea flor.
The amount of material needed to cause an extinction level event would likely have caused global cooling rather than global warming.
@@alejandrofelixgutierrez7956 what is a global *warning*
@@lordmortos979the exact amount of ice ages is unknown, but I check it more carefully and noticed that during the Permic, the earth was experiencing the Karoo ice age, this would reduce the moisture in the air, making the earth dryer in general. I retract my previus statement, this event is unrelated to Siberian Traps.
@@alejandrofelixgutierrez7956 Dry doesn't automaticly mean 24/7 hot
The night in any kind of Desert is really, REALLY cold
Great channel mate buzzing everytime u upload
Forget whether or not Gorgonopsids had fur. I need to know whether or not they had toe beans.
I heard Estemmenosuchus had skin that had glands like a hairless mammal, is this evidence these creatures could've had hair?
oooh really? That could point toward a secondary loss of hair like in a hippo/elephant then
They could replace their teeth? I'm jealous.
Great video, although you'll find the temperature increases during the permian were not considered a primary factor in the greater expanses of arid conditions. It was the sheer size of the Super-continent, with large mountain chains stopping moisture from moving out from the equatorial regions. Temperature increases lead to greater precipitation on average, not less. The problem is where that increased moisture falls.
Awesome channel, all your videos are of such a great quality!
Great stuff and the visual effects are very good.
How does this channel not have more subs/views? Its one of the best paleo channels I've seen on the whole of youtube, can't stop binging!
4 K plus subscribers!? You're deserving way more than that very interesting content keep em coming
Thank you for this content.
amazing video! Thank you
This is the most strange genus of a living being on hearth ever discovered
Interesting and enjoyable. Thanks!
I very much enjoy these videos thank you
Great video on my favorite permian beasts! I like the visualizations - the addition of landscape backgrounds adds a little bit more context to much of the paleoart that often only features the organisms themselves
Thank you I'm glad you enjoyed it
Great video thank you, but I can't agree that Gorgonopsids with sabre teeth would have been less careful about breaking them just because their teeth could be replaced. No animal would rely on a kill strategy that could break their teeth whenever they made a kill, even if they could be replaced.
Great and informative video. Do you think you could also do other Prehistoric Carnivorous families like the Dinocephalians, Hyaenodonts, Mesonychids, and Percrocutids.
Yes I think all those families would be interesting
Excellant presentation! Thank you.👍
Thank you for watching
@@mothlightmedia1936 All the time👍
Truly fascinating video, keep up the good work!
Thank you
No, thank you!
We are just the lucky inhabitants of an alien world
I love ur work
This dude puts out constant banger videos under rated asf
Damn, that first sentence was both epic and savage. You roasted him!
Amazing video as always. I think buying a camera could be your next step. Similar to PBS Eons, but your own twist. Great job either way
Yes I'm thinking of doing that.
This is astounding.
triassic animals just are seriously the coolest take me back
more videos on permian animals definitely need to be done! they're so much more interesting
Fascinating
Stem mammals are my main interest. Keep up the great videos
Estemmenosuchus looks like it just crawled out of the storage closet of 5 Nights at Freddies.
Cool stuff
weasels have short legs. if they died out today people like you in the future would assume they were aquatic.
Chill it’s only one option you need to view every possible possibility
I see weasels swimming time to time in my local park
The Light-Blue T-Shirt You Have On Sale With The Fairy Armadillo, (On Top,) With The Piece Of Sushi, (On The Bottom,) Reminds Me Of An Old VYTORIN Ad!
Crazy how the main herbivores almost shifted a first time from stem mammal to reptiles before even the dinosaurs came up.
Great video. Can you make a video about the eocene epoch?
There are two points:
1) unless the reacement teeth were in place ready to immediately replace the previous teeth, as in the case of many sharks, the lost of a tooth would temporarily disadvantage the gorgonopsid until the replacement tooth grew out. Smilodon fossil have been found with at least one tooth broken or missing.
2) There are species of fish that travel is groups or schools
The shrink wrapping is unreal
Me encantó muy bien explicado
This is really cool, I had no idea there were big predator animals and big prey animals like this before the dinosaurs.
This is in my top favorite episodes
I like the information in the narration, though the artwork seems slightly questionable due to the flora in which the animals are placed. At 6:20, for example, a gorgonopsid is shown in a grassy environment, but there was no grass in the Permian period. Grass appeared in the Cretaceous period. This is only a small problem, however. Overall, I think the video is good.
That is a valid criticism. the problem is that when you're trying to find backgrounds for environments as far back as the Permian it's almost inevitable there are going to be some inaccuracies because nowhere in the world looks like that today. I usually try my best to not have obvious mistakes like flowers in the Jurassic or grass before the cenozoic but tat one slipped through.
@@mothlightmedia1936
Thank you very much .
So what plants were there in Permian ?
@@jaisanatanrashtra7035 Algae, mosses/liverworts/hornworts, ferns/horsetails, cycads, conifers if I'm not mistaken.
All Permian videos are rare , so this is great
What an amazing animal!!😁
It looks like the upcoming Netflix series Life on our Planet will feature Gorgonopsids. The trailer showed by far the best depiction of one on screen. I can’t wait
Viatkogorgon is a genus of gorgonopsian (a type of therapsid, the group that includes modern mammals) that lived during the Permian period in what is now Russia. The first fossil was found at the Kotelnich locality near the Vyatka River and was made the holotype of the new genus and species V. ivachnenkoi in 1999. The generic name refers to the river and the related genus Gorgonops-the gorgons of Greek mythology are often referenced in the names of the group. The specific name honors the paleontologist Mikhail F. Ivakhnenko. The holotype skeleton is one of the most complete gorgonopsian specimens known and includes rarely preserved elements such as gastralia (abdominal ribs) and a sclerotic ring (a bony ring inside the eye). A larger, but poorly preserved specimen has also been assigned to the species.
Straight from Wikipedia with no attribution; poor.
Always bugged me what the saber cats used their teeth for. They looked like almost only a liability for them. Sexual selection?
I thought ice age had a cool idea of how they used their teeth, it had a scene with Diego where he stuck his teeth into the ground and could feel vibrations to sense where prey was.
Im not sure if this was how they would have used them but its a cool idea since the teeth were so fragile
can openers
I always think that it had something to do with either a specific prey animal that required a certain length tooth to reach its jugular, or access to something, such as having a certain plant that they had to get through to access water. Imho, I think of how many birds develop certain beaks to access specific flowers
Sexual selection would make sense if they're found in one gender only, but I don't suppose that is so - never heard of it.
You forget that animals with saber teeth almost always have an extremely wide gape in comparison to those what lack them.
I thought the Gorgonopsids disappeared during the Siberian Traps. I also thought Sabre Toothed Cats only existed in South America.
Finally we know what would happen if a tiger breed with a lizard
A therapsid video nice.
I watched so many of these episodes, now I don't even need to know if there was fossil evidence or not. I will believe all sorts of creatures lived in the past. You can draw anything imaginable with varied proportions of body sizes, chances are such things existed. Its mind baffling.
Cool
Its incredible to think how similar those animals are to modern mammals, considering they are much older than dinosaurs
the estemmenosuchus looks eerily similar to a hippo, just without horns and in other body proportions
Is that daydreaming by Radioheads? I love that song
Schrodingers gorgonopsids when it comes to fur lol
Note: our current climate is changing 10,000 times faster than during the Permian extinction which wiped out 98% of all life. On the plus side this is the first time I've seen a paleontological production treat the gorgons with the in depth analysis they deserve, too many TV series just brush over this early history, perhaps because they dont want to admit the amount we still dont know? Cant wait to see what you will bring out in the future, thank you so much!
Thank you and welcome to the channel
given the pulses associated with the Permian die-out and their likely causes, I'm not sure how you came up with the "10,000x faster" number. A meteor impact or methane release do not change the environment slowly.
Jusoon exactly
My total respect for the archaeologists that spent time researching these finds
We're still currently coming out of the last ice age so of course temperatures are gonna start to drop, and I have no clue where you got that 10,000x number...
Nature is amazing
"Titanophoneus" name means BIG PHONEY!
doesn't it mean "big sound" or
@@plant5875 YOURE A BIG PHONEY
I love true love waits *daydreaming how embarrassing
As a perpetual gamer at heart, I just hope that at some point someone makes a video game similar to The Isle or Path of Titans but with creatures from the Permian, because I for one would love to see a Gorgon moving prowling and popping out of the nearest bush going "BOO, you're dead!" I know it's niche subject and probably not that many people will be interested, but then again in 5-10 years [people will get bored of the same dino game with different skins and I see this since mammal games are starting to appear, I'm one of the few that enjoyed Ancestors: the humankind odyssey, and I'm sure I'll enjoy a game about protomammals and reptiles duking it out in an arena of Death gore and destruction! ( aaah the 90's) !
2) There are many species of fish that travel in various age related family & non-family groups or schools over various lengths of time while others are in colonies or harems (one male & several female).
i really wish i had a time machine
Check ! Dinocephalian spotted right in sight of Mitre Peak at Milford Sound, New Zealand (4.40)
Fantastic video! So do you think they had hair?
I'm really not sure. I think they probably had fur just a really light dusting even if it's a cliché
Funny how they’re almost always drawn like scaly streamlined monsters, while they probably looked a lot like modern mammals.
Some ear bones have even been found, so they probably had perky ears just like canine ears.
They also most likely had fur covering.
Another common thing with illustrations, is that the teeth are bare, while they almost definitely had lips covering their teeth.
0:54 Lycanoroc??
*rewinds*
Ooooooohhh! Lycaenops.
I wish I could go back in time and meet a Gorgonopsid.
From the picture at 4:40 and repeated later it would appear that Dinocephalians are alive and well in present day Mitre Peak, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand, probably hunting moose and cruise ship tourists.