My grandfather had polio. He was born in 1941 and got it when he was around 7 years old. It left him unable to move one leg. I can only imagine what a boy from one of the poorest parts of Europe, who grew up without a father (who died in 1944) went through. Despite so much hardship he found a good job, a loving wife, and had two sons. He died in 2009, just 9 days after my ninth birthday. Antivaxxers make my blood boil, because I know that had treatment been available, he would not have had to go through anywhere near as many hardships.
Paralysis was caused by widespread mercury contamination of the sugar supply, but blamed on the polio virus. Mercury based pesticides are still in use in some countries.
My grandma had polio as a child and many of her friends died. She was a lucky one, left only with a deformed, underdeveloped leg and foot. Anyone who has known someone who survived polio could never, in good conscience, refuse vaccines or deny their importance.
My dad too had polio when he was young, and it left him with an atrophic and smaller left leg. He needs crutches for walking and can't use his left leg at all. I really hope people realise how important it is to keep polio out of the population.
Can I just thank the people responsible for the research and development? It seems disingenuous to thank someone else's imaginary friend. I mean I guess you're closer than most crazy people to aligning with reality in thinking that "evidence" and "results" matter when it comes to vaccines at least, but just can't extend that to denying the existence of supernatural being(s) of which there is no concrete proof. I mean his(assumption of gender made) belief is as valid as yours for something you can't sense or detect by any human means thus far. Let's all try to be more introspective, please and thank you.
I'm 70, too, and remember getting vaccinated when I was six or so. It's amazing that polio was such a real danger in this country just a few years before we were born. I don't recall hearing too much about it as a child. We were so fortunate.
@@barbarak2836 I'm 65. Heard about it from my parents and grandparents. Watched documentaries showing 100's of peoples in Iron Lungs lined up in gymnasium sized rooms, and being taught why those peoples needed to stay in them just to survive. Remember getting the OPV in school. There was a mobile clinic behind the school and we all went and got the vaccine, one class after the other.
My cousin was one of the unfortunate children who contracted polio because one of the companies tasked with making it used live cultures instead of dead ones as Dr. Salk instructed and it resulted in kids getting an even worse form of it. She has the mind of a child and is paralyzed on her left arm and part of the leg and has needed constant care since she was a child. She is in her late sixties now but her mom passed many years ago so her sister looks after her now.
Having worked on Polio firsthand, it is heartbreaking how this disease has still not been eradicated completely; poor children living in households with low or no education suffer the most :(
@@frfr12921 Rabies for dogs and cats. There is little epidemiological evidence to support broad rabies desensitation fot humans, other than those living or working in extreme risk situations.
My dad had polio when he was a child. He was lucky, he was only bedridden for a few months and had some sleep issues in the years after. He has full use of his body and has never needed crutches or an iron lung since.
Polio just means grey. Poliomyelitis is inflammation of the spinal cord. It was caused by lead, arsenic and mercury in household products and pesticides. Paralysis is a common symptom of heavy metal poisoning.
I was born in 1953, just in time to have the benefit of these miraculous vaccines. In our selfish, mercenary new world, everything is for profit, but when Edward R. Murrow interviewed Jonas Salk, he asked Salk if he had taken out a patent on his life-saving, new vaccine. Momentarily befuddled, Salk then rejoined, "Patent? Would you patent the sun?" A great scientist and a selfless hero.
The great-uncle of my wife was partly paralysed due to polio. He got it a few years before the vaccine. He didn't even die that old, I'm sure there must still be plenty of living examples why polio is bad and vaccines are good.
A cousin became sick on a Sunday, died the following Tuesday. Aged 13. I remember a nice girl in school who wore braces on both legs. I'm thankful my parents supported Science and I received all the shots available.
My mother had polio and now has lived a long life with uneven hips, scoliosis so severe it compromises her lung capacity and birthing complications. Horrible, horrible disease.
My grandma had it between her second and third pregnancies. For her, she said it made childbirth easier because the muscles didn't hold the baby in as well. She had lots of negative effects and post-polio syndrome though
Unfortunately, we still have Polio in Afghanistan before the Taliban because of war it was hard to vaccianate the kids and after the Taliban governoment it is hard to eradicate in Afghanistan. 😭😢 I have seen lots of kids who are disabled.
You can blame the CIA for that. They destroyed trust in public health after they used a vaccination program for military intelligence purposes. So now the local warlords have declared open season on polio workers on suspicions of foreign espionage
This is sad because the one that tell people not to get vaccination is always an ulama.. Our prophet tells us to give all matters to its expert.. So if we follow islam, then we should follow doctor's advice in term of health
@@ahmadganteng7435Even in America, vaccinations are political and considered by many to be a matter of belief, especially since COVID. As if the vaccines could possibly be worse than the diseases/disease complications they prevent… 🤦♀️
My granddad (born 1945) got polio as a child and his legs could not support him, thin as toothpicks. He walked on crutches all his life. I remember myself reading an article in a science journal in 2010 about some experimental treatment for muscular atrophy and running to him "see, they can make you run again!" - he sighed, smiled softly and said "it's probably too late for me"
My mother, born in the 1960's, got polio. It did affect one of her legs. It looks smaller than the other. My grandparents didn't know any better. I'm glad she still got to live a normal life.
Not Really. His foundation hampered the efforts by giving adulterated and expired vaccines thereby delaying efforts from individual governments. There is a reason they were banned from India.
I wish I could describe to you in one small comment, what it's like to live in the last country where polio still thrives. I'm talking about Pakistan. It's where I live and have seen growing up that how polio was 99.99% eradicated from our population only for it to return and now it's spread again and the same cycle continues. Like the video, the scientific reasons are that the virus mutates and is more damaging if the vaccine or drops aren't given at the right time, similarly it's the blatant ignorance that has gone from bad to worse and is one of the reasons why polio made a comeback. I wish I was making this up. Polio workers(people employed by our country's health dept to go door to door in neighbourhoods nationwide to give polio drops to kids) have to be protected by police or armed guards because people will shoot at them. Why? Because when you have zero literacy and poor governance for eternity in a country, the local population gets ideas in their heads that these polio drops are a conspiracy by the western nations to make our kids infertile or to make them sick in some way. I'm sure there are a bajillion other factors involved as to why polio still exists but, trust me, ignorance is also a huge factor as to why polio is still able to survive in 2024.
true indeed, it is as if pakistanis are allergic to knowledge. This is what happens when the basis of formation of a country is divisive politics and hate and religion and power. Just blame everything at their neighbors and "the west" and move on.
Unfortunately the CIA used polio vaccine distribution as a way to get access into communities in Pakistan to locate Osama bin Laden. This has seeded mistrust in the Middle East in vaccine distribution.
It's because the CIA undermined trust in public health after they used a vaccination program for military intelligence purposes. So now the local warlords have declared open season on polio workers on suspicions of foreign espionage.
My grandmother was a polio survivor, she got it around 1947. It should be eradicated by now. I fear that it will return even in developed countries because of willful ignorance.
I remember Polio. People dead, in iron lungs and walking with the help of leg irons. Many things like swimming baths closed during the Polio Season. Not sure I would like to see its nationwide return.
Polio is quite dangerous. Imagine being stuck with that iron lung not being able to move at all. You are basically alive but dead. Luckily it is rare for those symptoms to happen but still 😬
We can thank this in a roundabout way for the ADA. So many people came out severely disabled that they were numerous enough to push for social change. Before that, if you were severely disabled, you were just a sort of family shame. Progress limps along.
Man, watching the minute 5:52 made me sad 🇵🇸 I hope the people of Palestine be free of not only violence, but sickness and famine as well (sorry for bad english)
At the moment it does not look like we have a viable strategy to eradicate polio like we did smallpox. IPV does not confer gut immunity, which means that vaccinated persons remain susceptible to infection and can be spreaders, but they are protected from myelitis (paralysis) OTOH, all OPVs revert within days to potentially paralysing virus. Not a problem, as long as vaccination rates are high, but not allowing us to drop populationwide vaccination, ever.
@@NoName-hg6cc Not as fa as I know. It wouldn't be a sensible objective of the WHO to eradicate it if it were. Every time I hear about eradication efforts it is stated that there are still endemic pockets in Afghanistan + Pakistan plus occasional flareups of vaccine derived polio.
The big problem with fighting viruses is that they have a base mutation rate, which keeping a population well-vaccinated actually helps suppress. A virus can mutate if a population isn't taking steps to maintain a shallow 'pool' (quarantines, stay-at-homes, vaccinations whenever able, the like). Some viruses mutate glacially (Smallpox if I remember right), and others mutate so much that they're immune to traditional vaccination techniques (usually denoted as 'retroviruses'). The biggest problems in immunization outside of the mutation issue are 1) mis/disinformation (the reason that Africa had a low vaccination rate until recently? The USSR undertook a program to spread mass amounts of disinformation on vaccines there) and 2) some viruses actually kill you if you try to create a traditional vaccine out of them (SARS was a wakeup call for this, which caused the Bush Admin to kickstart research into what would become mRNA vaccines, COVID-19 is a viral 'cousin' of SARS which is why the traditional Chinese vaccine had a high vaccine negative reaction rate).
@@TheTrueAdept Somehow my previous reply vanished into thin air. YT does that sometimes when you edit... If you want to eradicate a virus, there are a few prerequisites. First: the only reservoir of the virus must be in accutely or chronically infected humans (you may have a chance if only domesticated animaly are another reservoir. What you do then, is progressively take away the virus' potential growing grounds, by increasingly vaccinating all potential hosts. This throttles the virus population more and more, until the last viable virus disappears with the last infected person eiter dying or clearing the virus from their system. The "clearing part of this is basd news concerning herpes viruses, which spend a large part of their life cycle dormant in your ganglia. Retroviruses are also bad news, because anybody infected with them is able to reproduce new viable virus from their own body tissues (BTW, that's what retroviruses are: Viruses that copy their DNA into your cells' genome, thus making the (otherwise healthy) cell into a self-replicatig virus factory.) This concept shoots intself in the foot if your vaccine is a life virus which with great reliability reverts to pathogenic virus again. Which is the case with polio. The only way to overcome this would be a slam dunk vaccination of all earths population in a very flimited time window. That would make sure, that any person re-infected with the reverted virus would be immune-competent to fight this off. Polio is not as fast mutation that it would find a way around such an attempt. Usually an old vaccine still confers quite good immunity to a mutated virus. This is certainly the case with SARS-CoV-2, where the original vaccines are still almost as good in preventing serious disease as the ware with the virus the originally designed after.
A month after this video was published, RFK jr, the incoming head of HHS, began petitioning the government to remove the approval for the polio vaccine.
I remember being carried by my pediatrician through a ward of children in iron lungs. Once the vaccine was available, grateful parents & their kids were waiting in long lines, and happy to do so.
For me, it was mobile vaccination clinics going from school to school getting ALL the children vaccinated with the full benediction from all the parents.
The vaccine was available to me as an infant (we had to gets shots back then), but there was a girl just one grade ahead of me at school that had a withered leg from polio. My dad had a mild case of polio in college that left him with weak ankles. The army still drafted him, but they wouldn’t send him to Korea because of the weakness. Instead, he worked at a desk in Fort Riley for his two years. Years later, in his 60s, he began to experience post polio syndrome, where the muscles that had compensated all these years for the muscles damaged by polio, now were dying themselves. He was often too weak to walk, and found it hard to breathe. I am so greatful that I was born in a time where I could get the vaccinations. The people who are totally anti-vax have short memories and don’t remember the fear of getting polio.
My late grandma knew people who had polio and had died from it. The invention of the polio vaccine, was one of the best things to happen in her lifetime.
Back in 2020 I bought a pro vaccine pin that says “I enjoy not having Polio” it’s so important to vaccinate your kids My grandfather, who has since passed, was in one of the first groups of children in the US to receive the polio vaccine, and I can to help continue his legacy in small ways by supporting vaccinations globally
Wouldn't the body recognize the inactivated polio virus and kill any later polio cells that would enter the body? Is it something to do with the IPV being inactive?
^what they said. Your body makes antibodies for the moment but can’t keep them all. See it as a task you do once a year compared to a task you do every day. You’ll get the hang of the daily task faster and become more efficient than the one you only do once a year. This works the same as your body producing antibodies. The more it does it, the easier it recognizes the virus/disease and the antibodies for it.
Another important factor is that oral polio vaccines are, well, oral. The weakened viruses trigger a longer-lasting response but also do so at the site the body would have to naturally defend itself from the virus
They've explained this in the video. IPV only has one strain while OPV has all 3 strains. And IPV only prevents symptoms from showing up in the recipient and doesn't prevent viral transmission either, while OPV blocks infection altogether & so there is also no threat of infection to unvaxxed people. I still remember mine. The OPV tastes vaguely like astringent gum paint. Never tasted anything like it ever again.
My grandmother was a nurse in a pediatric hospital in the late 40's- mid 50's during the polio epidemic. She had many stories of children who couldn't walk or were in iron lungs as they were called, and seeing and treating so many sick kids took a lot out of her. My mom was hesitant on vaccinating my sister and I but my grandma had none of it and took us to the vaccination clinics both for us, and so she wouldn't have to see her grandchildren in the same state she saw those kids in back in her nursing days. I asked her once in the first grade about "what is the greatest invention" for a school project and she wrote a paper for me about vaccinations that absolutely wasn't written by a 7 year old. She passed away in 2014 at 90 but I'm forever grateful for what she did for us. I still miss her to this day.
When I was in Primary 1 or 2, ALL of the kids of the school got the OPV as well as the small pox vaccine. My parents and grandparents where 10000000% for the operation. Probably the same for the families of all of the other kids of the school. The goal back then was not 80%, but 99+%.
My Mom had polio back in the 50s. It nearly killed her. She was a little girl then. Now, 70 years later, she still has some minor issues with her ability to swallow.
That man lived a long life and did the best that he could despite being stuck in an iron lung for many years. I'm just glad that he's not suffering anymore. Hopefully in heaven, he can now walk and breathe like a normal person now.
I thought polio had been cured I guess because all children had to be vaccinated before beginning school. I've never heard of new cases. My mother couldn't swim in local public pool nor eat hotdogs because children got it and they didn't know why.
They were trying to not be political. That is why they did not mentioned the name of the place where Polio is through the not existent roof there, but animated it. Yes, I know that shouldn’t be political, but many things are that should not be at the moment.
@JakeSDN Science is not political, anti-science is not either. Stop trying to politicize your hatred of your kids you demented anti-science weirdo. No politics, just FACTS.
@@lizardguyNA YOU are part of the problem. Where in that sentence did I advocate for anything Anti-Science? You seem to not only have a reading comprehension problem, but are also uninformed like the people you criticize. A good portion of the people voting for the orange man find vaccines political. Most Anti-vaxxers support the Polio vaccine. RFK Jr is the only one I can think of that doesn't.
It just genuinely baffles me how many parents would refuse to vaccinate their OWN children. Like dude, you’re telling me that you’re fine with letting your children get sick or worse, even DIE from these viruses?
Also a fun little song blip that came from the first polio vaccines. The Sherman brothers, Robert Sherman’s daughter came back from school talking about the vaccine they took at school and how they got a small cube of sage to help take the medicine. That is where the Sherman Brothers got the idea to compose “A Spoonful of Sugar” for Mary Poppins.
tuskeege experiments; granted those were with syphilis and not wiht polio but researchers willfully withheld the cure for syphilis even after it was discovered; the experiment took place in tuskeege where severla african americans where studied by researchers to better understand the disease but again the doctors insisted there was no cure even after the cure was discovered...this experiment took 30 years to be completed (began in the mid 1930s and ended around the mid to late 1970s) it was only during president clintons first run in the 1990s that the US government officially apolagized for it
@@JamisIr-g5jI was invited to take part in testing for a norrovirus vaccine 3 days ago. I haven't made my mind up - what if I get the placebo, and then the trial gives me norrovirus and I'm throwing up for three days?
He'd be a fringe nutjob if people hadn't torched the reputation of public health by playing politics instead of following the actual science. Instead, he's a nutjob that has people listening.
In India we provide both OPV & IPV to all our children so that OPV ensures herd immunity while IPV provides individual protection. We have also shifted to bivalent vaccines instead of earlier trivalent ones. Sabin and Salk deserve huge respect for not getting patents for their vaccines so that it can be widely manufactured and reach every corner.
My dad's still alive, git polio before Vax was out. He lived, cousin died. Dad was lucky he learned to walk again. But the things he saw in that hospital as a kid were horrid.
My husband’s grandfather is a polio survivor. He’s 87 and still kickin. He wishes he had a vaccine when he was little. We are grateful he is still with us.
I still Remember do boondh Zindagi ke (2 drops for life) campaing , which till Covid wrecked everything every month on a Sunday someone would come carrying OPV to adminster it if the parents did not took the child to the vaccination centres, And one more advantage of OPV it can be stored in an insulated thermos or a basic cooler making it easier to transport too
For polio and vaccination specifically, due to the CIA's actions Afghanistan is the worst. Basically, when they tried to find Osama to kill him, they had medical workers get DNA samples from afghanistani kids countrywide to find Osama's family. This caused medical workers to be seen as enemy and soldiers, which causes 1: Most people turning them away 2: Them getting shot at
My grandmother 1909-2009 and her siblings had lifelong side effects from polio. One sister had a stroke at age 12 and had facial paralysis, another sister had a partially paralyzed leg at age 10 and my great-grandmother lost a twin pregnancy because of polio. We do not need polio to return and should immunize our kids.
What can be done about polio being spread through Amish communities? Because they won't take vaccines for religious reasons, it definitely has a presence in the U.S. Our doctor said it is prevalent when we needed to be tested. Sometimes religious freedom can prevent 100% eradication. This might mean it will never be gone.
Personally, I don’t think religion is a valid reason for vaccine refusal. Just because someone’s imaginary friend says no to vaccination certainly doesn’t make that a reasonable, logical, legitimate reason to refuse them. I think ‘religious reasons’ should no longer be an acceptable reason to deny children vaccines. But unfortunately, the religious reich (in the US especially) has been pandered to for far too long and has been given far too much unearned power and respect. We’re unlikely to see the end of ‘religious reasons’ for vaccine refusal in our lifetimes.
@@ChaosMagnet So you have a right to say what someone should and shouldn't do? Especially when it comes to medical procedures and how they want to do with their body? The level of abuse you invite in is staggering. Just because you think your views are "logical" does not mean they are. A lot of horrible things have been motivated through "helping people". Such as lobotomies, eugenics. It might seem logical to you that these things should be applied, at least for the time. But you have no right to demand what other people should and shouldn't do, even if it is for the wrong reasons. We do not live in a totalitarian state.
Most of the people now known as antivaxers are not against traditional vaccinations , diptheria, pertussus, tetanus but against the new innoculations made with untried Mrna technology.
We are in danger of experiencing a catastrophic, new outbreak of this deadly scourge, because our incoming Secretary of Health and Human Services is an ignoramus with NO scientific credentials and NO expertise. Will someone at least send him this video? This is what happens when you put ideologues in charge to reward them for their loyalty -- rather than people who actually know what they're doing.
60 years ago l had a childhood friend who had polio, l went to her birthday party she was 8, the next time l saw her she was almost immobile in a special wheelchair, never got to see her again. Polio is a horrible slow killer that can paralyse the rib muscles so you suffocate. 😢
As RFK, Jr has been named as USA's health minister... Possibility that polio to get back might be increased.. Crazy that an anti-vaxxer can get that position
When I lived in the Rio Grande Valley in the 80s/early 90s, we saw children in Mexico who suffered after having polio. With so many unvetted people from developing countries coming into ours and working in services, the risk for the unvaccinated and outbreaks have inevitably increased.
I fear I have symptoms of polio. The worst part is that my parents didn’t believe vaccines could help people so I am currently unvaccinated (getting a vaccination plan next month.) I hope my issues are just caused by bad blood circulation or nerve issues… (currently using a cane because walking has become painful and exhausting)
You must've missed the part where they said MOST current cases of polio are vaccine DERIVED. @4:50 Educate yourself about SV40 contamination before you spread misinformation.
@@TheAllSeeingEye2468 Throughout most of the 1800s, poliomyelitis would pop up here and there in children but there were no major epidemics of it. Then in the 1890s, the first outbreaks of polio suddenly emerged right around the time that a new arsenate-based pesticide was introduced. This chemical concoction, which was designed to fight off the gypsy moth, contained both lead and arsenic. It was sprayed all over the Northeast right before the first real epidemics of poliomyelitis first began to emerge in the United States.
My aunt and uncle got polio in the early 1950s just before the Salk Vaccine. Their legs were affected and they now are on scooters. If this was not due to Polio, then why did the introduction of the Salk Vaccine cause a rapid drop of polio cases while the levels of mercury and other pollutants weren’t changed that drastically.
My grandfather had polio. He was born in 1941 and got it when he was around 7 years old. It left him unable to move one leg. I can only imagine what a boy from one of the poorest parts of Europe, who grew up without a father (who died in 1944) went through. Despite so much hardship he found a good job, a loving wife, and had two sons. He died in 2009, just 9 days after my ninth birthday. Antivaxxers make my blood boil, because I know that had treatment been available, he would not have had to go through anywhere near as many hardships.
People who are against vaccines don’t understand how horrible these diseases are and how they ruined people’s lives
Paralysis was caused by widespread mercury contamination of the sugar supply, but blamed on the polio virus. Mercury based pesticides are still in use in some countries.
@@DegreesOfThree Anddd here's the misinformation machine. Laugh at this user.
@@DegreesOfThreeoh look, misinformation.
@@balsakovacevic8423 Cutter Incident April 1955.
My grandma had polio as a child and many of her friends died. She was a lucky one, left only with a deformed, underdeveloped leg and foot. Anyone who has known someone who survived polio could never, in good conscience, refuse vaccines or deny their importance.
Absolutely my husband's aunt had it. The same happened to her with her leg and foot.
My dad too had polio when he was young, and it left him with an atrophic and smaller left leg. He needs crutches for walking and can't use his left leg at all. I really hope people realise how important it is to keep polio out of the population.
Polio doesn't cause those symptoms in 99% of people. Your Dad most likely had mercury poisoning from rampant usage of pesticides on sugar.
The really unlikely ones ended up spending the rest of their lives immured in iron lungs.
@@DegreesOfThree oh look, misinformation.
@@kingtrode Check the video. Less than 1% of those infected are paralyzed. In other words, infection does not CAUSE paralysis.
@@DegreesOfThree Read some trial journals/books and scientific litertaures again.
If you ever meet someone who is antivax ask them if they ever had Polio. When they say no then tell them thank god for vaccines.
I ain't never seen none with it or prepared against it so I'm gonna go ahead and thank the big man for that.
@@joeyhandlesAnd, guess what made the cases drop by 87%? That’s why you don’t see it anymore.
Can I just thank the people responsible for the research and development? It seems disingenuous to thank someone else's imaginary friend. I mean I guess you're closer than most crazy people to aligning with reality in thinking that "evidence" and "results" matter when it comes to vaccines at least, but just can't extend that to denying the existence of supernatural being(s) of which there is no concrete proof. I mean his(assumption of gender made) belief is as valid as yours for something you can't sense or detect by any human means thus far. Let's all try to be more introspective, please and thank you.
You certainly know Polio vaccine was serious, real, and needed; and that covid vaccine is not. But you’re just trolling!
@@EdwardThimbleHands All thanks are given unto him so sayeth he
I'm 70 now, and thanks to science, never had to concern myself about polio.
I'm 70, too, and remember getting vaccinated when I was six or so. It's amazing that polio was such a real danger in this country just a few years before we were born. I don't recall hearing too much about it as a child. We were so fortunate.
@@barbarak2836 I'm 65. Heard about it from my parents and grandparents. Watched documentaries showing 100's of peoples in Iron Lungs lined up in gymnasium sized rooms, and being taught why those peoples needed to stay in them just to survive. Remember getting the OPV in school. There was a mobile clinic behind the school and we all went and got the vaccine, one class after the other.
My cousin was one of the unfortunate children who contracted polio because one of the companies tasked with making it used live cultures instead of dead ones as Dr. Salk instructed and it resulted in kids getting an even worse form of it. She has the mind of a child and is paralyzed on her left arm and part of the leg and has needed constant care since she was a child. She is in her late sixties now but her mom passed many years ago so her sister looks after her now.
Thanks to God
@@AestheticCoco__ NO god have anything to do with that. Science does.
Having worked on Polio firsthand, it is heartbreaking how this disease has still not been eradicated completely; poor children living in households with low or no education suffer the most :(
And this is another reason why vaccinations are extremely important.
Certainly
May be the most extremely important one to believe vaccination is important imho. That and tetanus.
@@jessimatic And rabies
@@frfr12921 Rabies for dogs and cats.
There is little epidemiological evidence to support broad rabies desensitation fot humans, other than those living or working in extreme risk situations.
@gregfaris6959 the point here is that vaccines also reduced rabies infections
My dad had polio when he was a child. He was lucky, he was only bedridden for a few months and had some sleep issues in the years after.
He has full use of his body and has never needed crutches or an iron lung since.
A friend's mother had it as a child. One leg stopped growing and she had a limp and now has trouble walking at all.
Polio just means grey. Poliomyelitis is inflammation of the spinal cord. It was caused by lead, arsenic and mercury in household products and pesticides. Paralysis is a common symptom of heavy metal poisoning.
Your dad was one of the lucky ones.
@@DegreesOfThree oh look, misinformation.
@@kingtrode Care to be more specific? Which part is misinformation?
I was born in 1953, just in time to have the benefit of these miraculous vaccines. In our selfish, mercenary new world, everything is for profit, but when Edward R. Murrow interviewed Jonas Salk, he asked Salk if he had taken out a patent on his life-saving, new vaccine. Momentarily befuddled, Salk then rejoined, "Patent? Would you patent the sun?"
A great scientist and a selfless hero.
Thank you for sharing this anecdote.
What a Great man.
We seem to have lost that generation, so sad
The great-uncle of my wife was partly paralysed due to polio. He got it a few years before the vaccine. He didn't even die that old, I'm sure there must still be plenty of living examples why polio is bad and vaccines are good.
A cousin became sick on a Sunday, died the following Tuesday. Aged 13. I remember a nice girl in school who wore braces on both legs. I'm thankful my parents supported Science and I received all the shots available.
My mother had polio and now has lived a long life with uneven hips, scoliosis so severe it compromises her lung capacity and birthing complications. Horrible, horrible disease.
I'm sorry your mom had to go through something so horrible...
My grandma had it between her second and third pregnancies. For her, she said it made childbirth easier because the muscles didn't hold the baby in as well. She had lots of negative effects and post-polio syndrome though
Polio is spreading fast lately in regions deprived of medical care, we need to do our best for everyone in such places!
The US has also decided it wants to have polio back as well.
Deprived of common sense like the usa
Unfortunately, we still have Polio in Afghanistan before the Taliban because of war it was hard to vaccianate the kids and after the Taliban governoment it is hard to eradicate in Afghanistan. 😭😢 I have seen lots of kids who are disabled.
oh thats so tragic 💔
You can blame the CIA for that. They destroyed trust in public health after they used a vaccination program for military intelligence purposes. So now the local warlords have declared open season on polio workers on suspicions of foreign espionage
Didn't the Taliban also go through a period where they'd chop off kids arms for receiving Western vaccines?
This is sad because the one that tell people not to get vaccination is always an ulama..
Our prophet tells us to give all matters to its expert..
So if we follow islam, then we should follow doctor's advice in term of health
@@ahmadganteng7435Even in America, vaccinations are political and considered by many to be a matter of belief, especially since COVID. As if the vaccines could possibly be worse than the diseases/disease complications they prevent… 🤦♀️
My granddad (born 1945) got polio as a child and his legs could not support him, thin as toothpicks. He walked on crutches all his life. I remember myself reading an article in a science journal in 2010 about some experimental treatment for muscular atrophy and running to him "see, they can make you run again!" - he sighed, smiled softly and said "it's probably too late for me"
My mother, born in the 1960's, got polio. It did affect one of her legs. It looks smaller than the other. My grandparents didn't know any better. I'm glad she still got to live a normal life.
Watching Ted on my lunch break has become a ritual
The animation is fire 🫶🏻
Bill Gates doesn't get enough credit for this but his foundation was very important for eradicating polio in underdeveloped countries.
😂
Nah, it is what you hear.
I didn't know that, thanks.
@@DontCancelMeBroYour username alone tells me what your scientific and political views are.
Not Really. His foundation hampered the efforts by giving adulterated and expired vaccines thereby delaying efforts from individual governments. There is a reason they were banned from India.
Once again, I am marveled by the mind blowing accomplishments of modern medical science.
TED-Ed is one the best educational channels on youtube with its easy to grasp examples and animations
I wish I could describe to you in one small comment, what it's like to live in the last country where polio still thrives.
I'm talking about Pakistan. It's where I live and have seen growing up that how polio was 99.99% eradicated from our population only for it to return and now it's spread again and the same cycle continues.
Like the video, the scientific reasons are that the virus mutates and is more damaging if the vaccine or drops aren't given at the right time, similarly it's the blatant ignorance that has gone from bad to worse and is one of the reasons why polio made a comeback.
I wish I was making this up. Polio workers(people employed by our country's health dept to go door to door in neighbourhoods nationwide to give polio drops to kids) have to be protected by police or armed guards because people will shoot at them.
Why? Because when you have zero literacy and poor governance for eternity in a country, the local population gets ideas in their heads that these polio drops are a conspiracy by the western nations to make our kids infertile or to make them sick in some way.
I'm sure there are a bajillion other factors involved as to why polio still exists but, trust me, ignorance is also a huge factor as to why polio is still able to survive in 2024.
true indeed, it is as if pakistanis are allergic to knowledge. This is what happens when the basis of formation of a country is divisive politics and hate and religion and power. Just blame everything at their neighbors and "the west" and move on.
Unfortunately the CIA used polio vaccine distribution as a way to get access into communities in Pakistan to locate Osama bin Laden. This has seeded mistrust in the Middle East in vaccine distribution.
It's because the CIA undermined trust in public health after they used a vaccination program for military intelligence purposes. So now the local warlords have declared open season on polio workers on suspicions of foreign espionage.
My grandmother was a polio survivor, she got it around 1947. It should be eradicated by now. I fear that it will return even in developed countries because of willful ignorance.
I love this art style and not only that but also the really interesting information.
Thanks TED-Ed for another Banger.
Clean, chlorinated water became common in the 50s helped, also reducing cholera, 4:33 typhoid and many waterborne diseases. water
I remember Polio. People dead, in iron lungs and walking with the help of leg irons. Many things like swimming baths closed during the Polio Season. Not sure I would like to see its nationwide return.
Polio is quite dangerous. Imagine being stuck with that iron lung not being able to move at all. You are basically alive but dead. Luckily it is rare for those symptoms to happen but still 😬
Though some who had to spend the rest of their days immured in iron lungs managed to work around it.
@@Libertaro-i2unot everyone has the mental fortitude to endure this.
Thanks to Trump and RFK, it will come ROARING BACK in THE USA!
Make the Iron Lung great again!
We can thank this in a roundabout way for the ADA. So many people came out severely disabled that they were numerous enough to push for social change. Before that, if you were severely disabled, you were just a sort of family shame.
Progress limps along.
Ive loved TED ED since i was young ill make sure my kids watch it too
That slap at 4:28 😂😂😂
Man, watching the minute 5:52 made me sad 🇵🇸 I hope the people of Palestine be free of not only violence, but sickness and famine as well (sorry for bad english)
At the moment it does not look like we have a viable strategy to eradicate polio like we did smallpox. IPV does not confer gut immunity, which means that vaccinated persons remain susceptible to infection and can be spreaders, but they are protected from myelitis (paralysis)
OTOH, all OPVs revert within days to potentially paralysing virus. Not a problem, as long as vaccination rates are high, but not allowing us to drop populationwide vaccination, ever.
Polio is zoonotic isn't it?
Way more difficult to eradicate, probably impossible
@@NoName-hg6cc Not as fa as I know. It wouldn't be a sensible objective of the WHO to eradicate it if it were. Every time I hear about eradication efforts it is stated that there are still endemic pockets in Afghanistan + Pakistan plus occasional flareups of vaccine derived polio.
@@HotelPapa100Vaccine derived cases are the majority of cases. Oral vaccines must be stopped according to CDC doctors.
The big problem with fighting viruses is that they have a base mutation rate, which keeping a population well-vaccinated actually helps suppress. A virus can mutate if a population isn't taking steps to maintain a shallow 'pool' (quarantines, stay-at-homes, vaccinations whenever able, the like).
Some viruses mutate glacially (Smallpox if I remember right), and others mutate so much that they're immune to traditional vaccination techniques (usually denoted as 'retroviruses'). The biggest problems in immunization outside of the mutation issue are 1) mis/disinformation (the reason that Africa had a low vaccination rate until recently? The USSR undertook a program to spread mass amounts of disinformation on vaccines there) and 2) some viruses actually kill you if you try to create a traditional vaccine out of them (SARS was a wakeup call for this, which caused the Bush Admin to kickstart research into what would become mRNA vaccines, COVID-19 is a viral 'cousin' of SARS which is why the traditional Chinese vaccine had a high vaccine negative reaction rate).
@@TheTrueAdept Somehow my previous reply vanished into thin air. YT does that sometimes when you edit...
If you want to eradicate a virus, there are a few prerequisites. First: the only reservoir of the virus must be in accutely or chronically infected humans (you may have a chance if only domesticated animaly are another reservoir.
What you do then, is progressively take away the virus' potential growing grounds, by increasingly vaccinating all potential hosts. This throttles the virus population more and more, until the last viable virus disappears with the last infected person eiter dying or clearing the virus from their system. The "clearing part of this is basd news concerning herpes viruses, which spend a large part of their life cycle dormant in your ganglia. Retroviruses are also bad news, because anybody infected with them is able to reproduce new viable virus from their own body tissues (BTW, that's what retroviruses are: Viruses that copy their DNA into your cells' genome, thus making the (otherwise healthy) cell into a self-replicatig virus factory.)
This concept shoots intself in the foot if your vaccine is a life virus which with great reliability reverts to pathogenic virus again. Which is the case with polio.
The only way to overcome this would be a slam dunk vaccination of all earths population in a very flimited time window. That would make sure, that any person re-infected with the reverted virus would be immune-competent to fight this off.
Polio is not as fast mutation that it would find a way around such an attempt. Usually an old vaccine still confers quite good immunity to a mutated virus. This is certainly the case with SARS-CoV-2, where the original vaccines are still almost as good in preventing serious disease as the ware with the virus the originally designed after.
how dare youtube keep this from me for 45 seconds
3 mins in my case 😰😰😰
4 minutes here
5 whole minutes bruh 😭
6 mins for me
6
A month after this video was published, RFK jr, the incoming head of HHS, began petitioning the government to remove the approval for the polio vaccine.
So relevant at this moment. RFK jr!!!!
I remember being carried by my pediatrician through a ward of children in iron lungs. Once the vaccine was available, grateful parents & their kids were waiting in long lines, and happy to do so.
For me, it was mobile vaccination clinics going from school to school getting ALL the children vaccinated with the full benediction from all the parents.
i feel like ted ed videos have the best art styles and sometimes they have the same ones. it's great.
Odd that Polio is not as dangerous as the ignorance that permits it to endure.
I had a teacher who was disabled for Life by polio, she had surgical pins and all kinds of things in her legs, she walked on crutches all the time
This video reminded me how important people who study medicine are
The vaccine was available to me as an infant (we had to gets shots back then), but there was a girl just one grade ahead of me at school that had a withered leg from polio. My dad had a mild case of polio in college that left him with weak ankles. The army still drafted him, but they wouldn’t send him to Korea because of the weakness. Instead, he worked at a desk in Fort Riley for his two years. Years later, in his 60s, he began to experience post polio syndrome, where the muscles that had compensated all these years for the muscles damaged by polio, now were dying themselves. He was often too weak to walk, and found it hard to breathe. I am so greatful that I was born in a time where I could get the vaccinations. The people who are totally anti-vax have short memories and don’t remember the fear of getting polio.
My late grandma knew people who had polio and had died from it. The invention of the polio vaccine, was one of the best things to happen in her lifetime.
Back in 2020 I bought a pro vaccine pin that says “I enjoy not having Polio” it’s so important to vaccinate your kids
My grandfather, who has since passed, was in one of the first groups of children in the US to receive the polio vaccine, and I can to help continue his legacy in small ways by supporting vaccinations globally
Can Ted-Ed do videos covering Yellow Fever, Typhoid Fever, and Malaria?
Jonas Salk was one of the heroes of our time, he refused to patent his vaccine
Shout out to the ted ed animators. Great graphics in every episode
5:50 My mind is ruined
Bonk
💀💀💀
@@ywtv6I’m so sorry HAHAHA 😭😭
Wouldn't the body recognize the inactivated polio virus and kill any later polio cells that would enter the body? Is it something to do with the IPV being inactive?
The antibodies don't last forever. That's why boosters are needed. Attenuated has a better reaction.
^what they said. Your body makes antibodies for the moment but can’t keep them all. See it as a task you do once a year compared to a task you do every day. You’ll get the hang of the daily task faster and become more efficient than the one you only do once a year. This works the same as your body producing antibodies. The more it does it, the easier it recognizes the virus/disease and the antibodies for it.
Another important factor is that oral polio vaccines are, well, oral. The weakened viruses trigger a longer-lasting response but also do so at the site the body would have to naturally defend itself from the virus
They've explained this in the video. IPV only has one strain while OPV has all 3 strains. And IPV only prevents symptoms from showing up in the recipient and doesn't prevent viral transmission either, while OPV blocks infection altogether & so there is also no threat of infection to unvaxxed people. I still remember mine. The OPV tastes vaguely like astringent gum paint. Never tasted anything like it ever again.
another reason is that some diseases such as measles, wipe your immune systems "memory".
My grandmother was a nurse in a pediatric hospital in the late 40's- mid 50's during the polio epidemic. She had many stories of children who couldn't walk or were in iron lungs as they were called, and seeing and treating so many sick kids took a lot out of her. My mom was hesitant on vaccinating my sister and I but my grandma had none of it and took us to the vaccination clinics both for us, and so she wouldn't have to see her grandchildren in the same state she saw those kids in back in her nursing days. I asked her once in the first grade about "what is the greatest invention" for a school project and she wrote a paper for me about vaccinations that absolutely wasn't written by a 7 year old. She passed away in 2014 at 90 but I'm forever grateful for what she did for us. I still miss her to this day.
Watching animated vaccines smack down polio viruses is not something I knew I needed today 😂 TedEd rocks
When I was in Primary 1 or 2, ALL of the kids of the school got the OPV as well as the small pox vaccine. My parents and grandparents where 10000000% for the operation. Probably the same for the families of all of the other kids of the school.
The goal back then was not 80%, but 99+%.
2:43 i was watching in 2x speed and thought someone was knocking on my window at 2 am💀
Are we twins? Same exact thing happened to me. Except it's 1am.
fun fact! My great grandfather actually helped create the first polio vaccine!
Yea right
@AdelYussuf you want me so bad
This was such a fantastic video! I LOVE the animation!
this format suits me and my husband a lot, thank you so much
5:52 if you've been thinking about it. 🇵🇸.
Thank you!
My Mom had polio back in the 50s. It nearly killed her. She was a little girl then. Now, 70 years later, she still has some minor issues with her ability to swallow.
Is very sad that the man in the iron lung passed away at the beginning of this year. May you rest in peace 😢
That man lived a long life and did the best that he could despite being stuck in an iron lung for many years. I'm just glad that he's not suffering anymore. Hopefully in heaven, he can now walk and breathe like a normal person now.
3:49 was personal 😂
I thought polio had been cured I guess because all children had to be vaccinated before beginning school. I've never heard of new cases.
My mother couldn't swim in local public pool nor eat hotdogs because children got it and they didn't know why.
Thanks for your presentation
A little troubling how you missed the entire Anti-Vaxxer movement.
They were trying to not be political. That is why they did not mentioned the name of the place where Polio is through the not existent roof there, but animated it. Yes, I know that shouldn’t be political, but many things are that should not be at the moment.
@JakeSDN
Science is not political, anti-science is not either. Stop trying to politicize your hatred of your kids you demented anti-science weirdo.
No politics, just FACTS.
In this particular case, it's extremely unlikely that the number of anti-vaxxers has reached 20% of the population.
I do think the timing of this video is interesting considering who might be about to be put in charge of healthcare.
@@lizardguyNA YOU are part of the problem. Where in that sentence did I advocate for anything Anti-Science? You seem to not only have a reading comprehension problem, but are also uninformed like the people you criticize. A good portion of the people voting for the orange man find vaccines political. Most Anti-vaxxers support the Polio vaccine. RFK Jr is the only one I can think of that doesn't.
Please vaccinate your children.
It just genuinely baffles me how many parents would refuse to vaccinate their OWN children. Like dude, you’re telling me that you’re fine with letting your children get sick or worse, even DIE from these viruses?
Maybe they don’t want them
Getting vaccine derived polio and becoming a cripple, or infecting other children?
Make a video on Extensively Multidrug-resistant ESKAPEE pathogens or XDR M Tuberculosis
It is incredible what humanity has achieved!
Also a fun little song blip that came from the first polio vaccines. The Sherman brothers, Robert Sherman’s daughter came back from school talking about the vaccine they took at school and how they got a small cube of sage to help take the medicine. That is where the Sherman Brothers got the idea to compose “A Spoonful of Sugar” for Mary Poppins.
That was Robert Sherman's son Jeffrey, but the rest of the story is correct.
@ I wrote that late, mistype on my part.
That quote slaps.
Seems like RFK jr needs to see this.
Would it matter?
Thanks
I’d be so pissed if I got paralyzed and they found out how to permanently stop the disease only a few years later
tuskeege experiments; granted those were with syphilis and not wiht polio but researchers willfully withheld the cure for syphilis even after it was discovered; the experiment took place in tuskeege where severla african americans where studied by researchers to better understand the disease but again the doctors insisted there was no cure even after the cure was discovered...this experiment took 30 years to be completed (began in the mid 1930s and ended around the mid to late 1970s) it was only during president clintons first run in the 1990s that the US government officially apolagized for it
That and other scarring illness that vaccines were made later for.
I want the norovirus vaccine to come out and be ready sooner.
@@JamisIr-g5jI was invited to take part in testing for a norrovirus vaccine 3 days ago.
I haven't made my mind up - what if I get the placebo, and then the trial gives me norrovirus and I'm throwing up for three days?
RFK Jr. skipped this video.
Who?
@@Becky_Cooling
Crazy anti-vaxxer dangerously close to major political powers in the US.
Make Polio Great Again
He'd be a fringe nutjob if people hadn't torched the reputation of public health by playing politics instead of following the actual science. Instead, he's a nutjob that has people listening.
Thanks to him meningitis and polio are spreading among kids in schools and ig every other month a new covid wave goes through america.
In India we provide both OPV & IPV to all our children so that OPV ensures herd immunity while IPV provides individual protection. We have also shifted to bivalent vaccines instead of earlier trivalent ones. Sabin and Salk deserve huge respect for not getting patents for their vaccines so that it can be widely manufactured and reach every corner.
5:30 Bill Gates did a great job!
at clowning himself
@@sabrinashelton1997 letss see what you did for the world! Probably stay in your bed watching youtube.
@lot.bajrami yep, have a good nite, ma'am!
Surprisingly the broken clock was right.
@@sabrinashelton1997he gives his own money to improve healthcare worldwide.
What are you doing to improve anyone's health?
My dad's still alive, git polio before Vax was out. He lived, cousin died. Dad was lucky he learned to walk again. But the things he saw in that hospital as a kid were horrid.
1:32 immediately cuts to india
1:56 I LOL'd at this part; I'd run as well.
0:45 is it pun
Oh yea
My husband’s grandfather is a polio survivor. He’s 87 and still kickin. He wishes he had a vaccine when he was little. We are grateful he is still with us.
I still Remember do boondh Zindagi ke (2 drops for life) campaing , which till Covid wrecked everything every month on a Sunday someone would come carrying OPV to adminster it if the parents did not took the child to the vaccination centres,
And one more advantage of OPV it can be stored in an insulated thermos or a basic cooler making it easier to transport too
Great video!
Let's hope situation doesn't get worst on Gaza😢
The IDF actively worked to allow the vaccination of Gazan children so it isn't going to be the worst
For polio and vaccination specifically, due to the CIA's actions Afghanistan is the worst.
Basically, when they tried to find Osama to kill him, they had medical workers get DNA samples from afghanistani kids countrywide to find Osama's family. This caused medical workers to be seen as enemy and soldiers, which causes
1: Most people turning them away
2: Them getting shot at
@@normalchannel2185no, you are repeating a lie put about by the taleban.
Why?
My grandmother 1909-2009 and her siblings had lifelong side effects from polio. One sister had a stroke at age 12 and had facial paralysis, another sister had a partially paralyzed leg at age 10 and my great-grandmother lost a twin pregnancy because of polio. We do not need polio to return and should immunize our kids.
Sugar cubes with pink vaccine drop in elementary school. 👍👍👍1950-1960s
Thank you
What can be done about polio being spread through Amish communities? Because they won't take vaccines for religious reasons, it definitely has a presence in the U.S. Our doctor said it is prevalent when we needed to be tested. Sometimes religious freedom can prevent 100% eradication. This might mean it will never be gone.
Personally, I don’t think religion is a valid reason for vaccine refusal. Just because someone’s imaginary friend says no to vaccination certainly doesn’t make that a reasonable, logical, legitimate reason to refuse them. I think ‘religious reasons’ should no longer be an acceptable reason to deny children vaccines. But unfortunately, the religious reich (in the US especially) has been pandered to for far too long and has been given far too much unearned power and respect. We’re unlikely to see the end of ‘religious reasons’ for vaccine refusal in our lifetimes.
A lot of Amish communities are open to some amount of interaction, including vaccines. The more extreme ones don’t interact with the outside anyway.
@@ChaosMagnet So you have a right to say what someone should and shouldn't do? Especially when it comes to medical procedures and how they want to do with their body?
The level of abuse you invite in is staggering. Just because you think your views are "logical" does not mean they are. A lot of horrible things have been motivated through "helping people". Such as lobotomies, eugenics. It might seem logical to you that these things should be applied, at least for the time. But you have no right to demand what other people should and shouldn't do, even if it is for the wrong reasons. We do not live in a totalitarian state.
@@Cloud_Seeker You science deniers have to resort to fallacious arguments rather than actual scientific evidence.
@@223Drone Funny. When did I deny science? I am actually train in science. Go away with those kind of tactics. They will not work on me.
Most of the people now known as antivaxers are not against traditional vaccinations , diptheria, pertussus, tetanus but against the new innoculations made with untried Mrna technology.
We are in danger of experiencing a catastrophic, new outbreak of this deadly scourge, because our incoming Secretary of Health and Human Services is an ignoramus with NO scientific credentials and NO expertise. Will someone at least send him this video?
This is what happens when you put ideologues in charge to reward them for their loyalty -- rather than people who actually know what they're doing.
60 years ago l had a childhood friend who had polio, l went to her birthday party she was 8, the next time l saw her she was almost immobile in a special wheelchair, never got to see her again. Polio is a horrible slow killer that can paralyse the rib muscles so you suffocate. 😢
As RFK, Jr has been named as USA's health minister... Possibility that polio to get back might be increased..
Crazy that an anti-vaxxer can get that position
if he can go against literally the declaration of human rights and several international laws that is
Funny how you make this claim when he only questions what BS it put into the food. BS we know isn’t healthy and in some places even illegal.
@@Cloud_SeekerNope he doesn't he's a proven liar who has no idea what he's talking about.
Make Polio Great Again
@@Cloud_Seeker Except he's not "questioning" anything he's pushing anti-science nonsense that has been debunked.
So informative
When I lived in the Rio Grande Valley in the 80s/early 90s, we saw children in Mexico who suffered after having polio. With so many unvetted people from developing countries coming into ours and working in services, the risk for the unvaccinated and outbreaks have inevitably increased.
Truly an ongoing battle.
Crunchy cult won't be happy til polio is back😮
3:45 damn OPV be throwing hands 😂
its hard to put into words, but the book Magnetic Aura from Talesio completely changed my life and it's not new age bs
I fear I have symptoms of polio. The worst part is that my parents didn’t believe vaccines could help people so I am currently unvaccinated (getting a vaccination plan next month.) I hope my issues are just caused by bad blood circulation or nerve issues… (currently using a cane because walking has become painful and exhausting)
Good luck America
good luck with your iron lung
I went to school with a boy who had a twisted leg from polio. That was in the 1980's when we were in high school.
This is why vaccinations work
You must've missed the part where they said MOST current cases of polio are vaccine DERIVED. @4:50
Educate yourself about SV40 contamination before you spread misinformation.
@@DegreesOfThreeStill vaccinate your kids and yourself
@@TheAllSeeingEye2468 Throughout most of the 1800s, poliomyelitis would pop up here and there in children but there were no major epidemics of it. Then in the 1890s, the first outbreaks of polio suddenly emerged right around the time that a new arsenate-based pesticide was introduced.
This chemical concoction, which was designed to fight off the gypsy moth, contained both lead and arsenic. It was sprayed all over the Northeast right before the first real epidemics of poliomyelitis first began to emerge in the United States.
Antivaxxers are just as irrational as flat earthers, except the former are dangerous.
@@DegreesOfThree vaccine derived because most of the population was unvaccinated which made room for the vaccine's version of polio to mutate
My aunt and uncle got polio in the early 1950s just before the Salk Vaccine. Their legs were affected and they now are on scooters. If this was not due to Polio, then why did the introduction of the Salk Vaccine cause a rapid drop of polio cases while the levels of mercury and other pollutants weren’t changed that drastically.