Do Planet Nine and Planet X Exist? With Amir Siraj
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- Опубліковано 27 гру 2023
- Does planet nine exist? Where is planet x?
Motivated by recent measurements of the free-floating planets, a new paper considers the possibility that the solar system may have captured a terrestrial planet early in its history.
Amir Siraj is a theoretical astrophysicist (Harvard University A.M. ’22, A.B. ’22) and concert pianist (New England Conservatory of Music, M.M. ’23). He is currently pursuing his Ph.D. at Princeton University’s Department of Astrophysical Sciences. CNN called his work one of ten “extraordinary cosmic revelations” in 2022, and he was the youngest scientist named to the Forbes 30 Under 30 list in 2021. Recently named one of Astronomy Magazine’s 25 Rising Stars, Siraj seeks to understand the solar system in the context of its cosmic environment through research topics including: interstellar objects, asteroids and comets, planetary system formation and evolution, supernovae, black holes, dark matter, and the search for life in the universe.
Are There Terrestrial Planets Lurking in the Outer Solar System?
arxiv.org/abs/2312.08431
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I like that Amir can shift between hard/defensible data and speculative possibilities without having to make a hundred excuses and disclaimers first. He can just have a perfectly normal conversation and dip into various realms of thought with the appropriate degrees of rigor for each kind of consideration, and this is SO important for the future of science. Yes, we need super-tight discipline on what is calculable and determined to be "real" confirmed science/technology, but we need people who can put the marginal possibilities and potentials into a casual, accessible frame of reference and simply say "Yah, it would be cool if..." or "It could be this or that, and I would love some of these..." without building a siege wall of exclusionary rhetoric.
It IS okay to wonder and dream and contemplate beyond what is already established, so long as you can still tell the difference in the end. That's who ends up finding ways to advance the boundaries of science to whole new realms and levels after all.
BTW: I'm a little annoyed that you didn't ask him what music he's been working on lately, who his favorite composers are, or how "the art of the frequency" drifts into or influences his contemplation of the cosmos. There is a relevance to such things. This universe is made of waves... force waves, gravity waves, EM waves, acoustic waves, even time waves. One thing resounds with or harmonizes from another, and so all the cosmos is fulfilled with these musics, from the tiniest scales to the longest :)
Science has evolved, not from staring at tables, but by looking at clouds, lying in the bath or finding a mouldy culture...its how we discover.
It's crazy how long you've been at this and how great all of your content is. You're a legend in my mind
Truth
The BEST part about Thursdays, didnt expect you to upload a video this week being the holidays, thankyou for every single upload JMG, i really do thoroughly enjoy every one!
Happy holidays and Happy New Year!
Thursday just wouldn’t feel like Thursday without a few words form John.
Indeed.
💚♾️
One of my favorite topics that you cover from time to time--thank you, John! And Emir Sajir is a fantastic guest.
Thanks JMG for another year's worth of wonderful videos, you always have the most interesting guests. Hope you had a great Christmas and have a brilliant New year. PEACE AND LOVE TO EVERYONE ❤❤.
It’s fascinating to think that the best tools we have to find these kind of objects are just good enough that we might find these objects. But we could equally miss them completely.
Duuuuuude. I am SO grateful you can create scintillating content… every…single…time. Truly, THANK YOU. Corker of a topic today!
Thank you! Happy you like it!
One of the best channels on UA-cam! (My own worthless opinion, of course) Even if it's right before bed, of a new video drops, it's time to make a sandwich and stay up just bit longer!
Settle down
@Sensei_Overdrive why though? I say be as passionate as you can be.
@@mattjack3983without a doubt my dude. Problematic really I came here from Isaac's channel many moons ago - And I haven't been back... oops.
The accuracy of the equipment utilised by our current generation of cosmologists is astounding. If it’s out there they’ll find it. soon. 💚♾️
if they find it, it has an orbit of 3600 yrs, last time it was close , recorded,, was 13,000 yrs ago..so, do some math.. they flew, from there to here, while it was close, possibly for decades. viper tv sumerian tablets.. nasa, ect. will never, tell you the truth.. here in aus., we were facing the moon, at the landing,, we got the transmission of, theres craft on the crater rim, which nasa deleted.. we didnt..
They KNOW it exist...we can find galaxies millions of light years away...they just don't want to admit to it
While 4k/8k is mostly useless for regular PC work/TVs, due to our visions physical limits; astronomy is the epitome of showcasing where pixel count/resolution matters 100%; and consequently were some of the most advantages would come from for significant advantages.
Take hubble ST, Sedna was only 1 pixel in it. Newer space telescopes, other dwarf planets/TNOs are only 10-50 or so pixels...including the atmosphere/moons.
A resolution increase of say 50x would mean that MUCH MORE detail can be observed from the same size picture. When you get that, you can start to get more precise details about atmosphere, structures etc.
@@djdrack4681 great information 🤓💚♾️
Right on time JMG! Just got home from work and settled into the recliner to see this new video just dropped! Seriously one of the best channels, and one of the best community of commenters, in this genre thats out there!
A HUGE thank you to both of you, and all contributors to the channel and patreons
Great interview! I love this topic. Thanks for the episode!
I love the conservations with Amir. He's so well-spoken and uses plain language for complex topics. Time fkies when he's on the other end of the line. More, please John. Thx.
Amir is great. Thank you for watching and commenting.
Excellent interview, thank you guys!
At first thought it seemed to me like we would absolutely know what's in our solar system. Then one finds out that we only recently learned that there are dozens of Pluto-like objects in the outer system. We know more about inter-galactic black holes than we do about our solar system. Why? It's dark in space. That's why. Mind open.
Just awesome.. very fine job guys
Excellent John first class.
Great video and information !
Up to 4:20: Amir's objections are totally valid, but there is another possible origin of a massive planet in the Batygin and Brown model that needs to be explored/rejected: a planet half-ejected from the late early Solar System (v. the Oligarch Planets hypothesis). This may be perhaps the most likely explanation of its origin.
But an alternative theory is a boon in any case! We'll find the shucker sooner or later, it won't hide from us! :-)
~25:00: I'd rather sent a truck-sized autonomous robot with an on-board lab using an electric propulsion drive. We can surely kick pieces of foil with a laser there to arrive in two weeks, but what and how are they going to send back?
34:00: An excellent idea! An apple-sized BH has extreme tidal forces above its horizon, and will atomize just anything, from a grain of sand to a comet-nucleus, in the literal sense-into individual, atoms, probably, albeit within a small volume (but much larger than a stellar-mass BH relative to its size, maybe 10³ to 10⁵ apple radii). If there's enough free dust supply out there of just any size, it will capture, disrupt it and constantly accrete. It's very unlikely a primordial BH, but if it is, that would be just what Amir said, a discovery of the century, and on a low budget. I'd certainly try to work out a more precise model of what exactly we would be looking for.
P.S. John, you have a bandpass-limited white noise in background, the source is probably the mic. My to-go sound restoration program for such mishaps is Adobe Audition, but many other sound editors have this function.
Thank you for the audio suggestion, will pass that along to our audio editor.
Thursday is becoming my favourite day, thx John
Great work like always
Best
Science
Channel
Always interesting, open minded, and fun. I watch quite a few other channels in this niche but Event Horizon takes the cake! Thank you for scouting the frontier!
Great interview!
Well, I can tell he’s a doctoral student. He’s speaking as if we are all working on our phds as well. His regurgitation of information lets me know what kind of performer he is. Music is funny that way. I once had a conductor/pianist from the NYC opera tell me he would play Mozart “Come scritto,” or as written, because Mozart knew what he wanted so no need to ad lib. This guy strikes me as one of those pianists.
Awesome interview. Listened till the end my friend!
Perfect timing was talking about this with my mother-in-law over Xmas. I find this to be so interesting
I'm ready!!!!!
Playing around throwing stuff into a Primordial Black Hole sounds a lot like Futurama.
The fact it might be possible is also bonkers.
Loving the Futurama reference
I simply love Event Horizon podcast, big thank you John for running it for many years now.
Please bring back the podcast. I'll still watch videos in the meantime but it's nice while driving
Yes, we plan on bringing it back in the new year.
@@EventHorizonShow that's super great news, thank you
Sorry for the delay.
Great topic again
Great thanks
In about 12 months Vera Rubin will have first light. Within 2 years we will know definitively. Then models will be analyzed and adjusted or dropped.
I said this before and I’ll say it again, when JMG covers a subject besides Aliens! this channel is fantastic.
you want aliens.?.. watch. viper tv sumerian tablets.. they made man.. religion is bs..
I'm unfamiliar with your guest, but I am familiar with Pluto killer Mike Brown and his colleague Konstantin Batygin and their work with searching for planet 9. I believe it's out there. Something is out there. The data is overwhelming, in my opinion.
34:45 The idea of just playing around with a singularity sounds way more fun than my sense of self-preservation thinks it should :P
I don't think you should push something like that
@@timedeathe I don't think I weigh enough to push a singularity haha! :P
But I would never be unamused by watching spaghetti being spaghettified as it was pulled into an actual black hole ^_^
I think it would be neat to send out some kind of daisy-chain system of deep space probes where the next in the series also functions as a relay node for the one ahead of it. That would allow for an interesting amount of data to get passed along, without having some kind of ridiculous power requirements. To do some deep space exploration in the solar system, it seems like it'd make for a neat approach in finding stuff like possible extra planets or something like a brown dwarf.
NASA recently tested laser communications in space. That might have a tighter beam and need less power. I don't know any numbers on that. You will not just need one line of probes to find things. If you send out 600 lines, like spokes on a wheel, just to investigate the plane of the solar system, not the entire sphere, the spokes will be 1 AU apart at 100 AU, and 10 AU apart at 1000. An object between two spokes will be at most half the distance from one of them. Still, 5 AU is the distance from the sun to Jupiter. Could they detect a Mars at a Jupiter distance in the dark outer solar system? You probably need more probes.
Shout out to the best content creator on UA-cam
Fireeee👌🔥
Hope it exists
For me, the asteroid belt between mars and Jupiter in the gap where a planet should be … is indicative of a potentially destroyed planet.
Subaru Telescope maybe found objects beyond the Kuiper cliff. Needs further observations to confirm. Unexpected occultations of guide stars used by the HST also hint of small objects in the outer solar system.
Have you heard about the "Sagittarius arm" of the view of the milky way? It isn't an arm of the milky way. It is an arm of another galaxy that is colliding with the milky way. It's also an Infrared galaxy. It looks out from the core, down under the galaxy and then comes up through the milky way where we are. We may be from the galaxy Sagittarius. It also helps me with Velokovsky, planet 9, the local bubble, the myths of different star systems, our obsession with precession, stellar motions and planetary motions in history. Perhaps even shows why we didn't have "Blue" at some point. I could go on with this. Please look into it. Mind blowing!
Interesting that his name Amir Siraj translates to Commanding Star (as in the heavenly body)
19:10 when exactly are we doing that at mars? Just curious
What if the 'missing stars' from old photographic plates were flaring black holes in our neighborhood? they're proposed to be quite numerous - perhaps we've got a few
That's actually what I was thinking when he said that. Talk about a cool idea, the transients are primordial black holes eating asteroids.
One of my favourite guests. Pianist of the stars
He's great.
Very well said!
We can't tell much about our own solar system, colour of a body for instance 😂 The idea of a planet from somewhere else in the galaxy, in our back yard, is so incredible in it's potential it's phenomenal. Thanks for this 🙏😊
Great chat, you should try to get Konstantine Batygen on with this subject
We’ve had him on multiple times. We’ll definitely have him back as soon as there’s new information.
Great interview. Thanks for posting and have a good rest of the holiday
So, there's one topic I haven't heard of - If we could send out Breakthrough Starshot-type probes in all directions, we could 'quickly' categorize the Oort Cloud.
Yeah I like this guy too specifically he doesn't insult people for thinking outside the box.
It's a shame when I was a kid there was 9 planets.
Is the consistency of space the same everywhere?
Fantastic interview, John! Out of this world quality levels!!! 😃
(No pun intended - well, perhaps just a little...)
Happy new year! And stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
I absolutely love everything Trans-Neptunian. So excited for the next few years. For me, these recent studies on Migrated, Captured, and Rogue planets and dwarfs suggest a multitude beyond Neptune. Consider if there are 10 rogues / Star in our Galaxy, then if equally distributed (they’re probably not) then there are 45 rogues right now closer to us than Proxima. If this is the case then expansion out has many more possibilities.
Hi JMG 😊
👍⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Can't we rewind the clock, so we can see where a planet came through long ago and created the hammered bracelet. And see if there's at least a direction we could follow?
If it's the size of Mars and anywhere close to the color of mars it's going to be almost impossible to see it. And if there's one out there it can take another 200 years to find it as long as it would take to orbit the Sun
The hypothesized impactor progenitor of our Moon was Mars-sized....
Shades of "When Worlds Collide*! I suggest naming it "Bronson " if it exists.
Forget is there life out there, for me the question since Jan 2016 is, is there a gas/ice giant out there!?!?!
I’m sure there are numerous planets in the Oort cloud. It’s really kinda pointless to care how many exist.
Whats the outro song
Ascent by Stellardrone
What do you suppose the new name of the planets would be ?
Not sure, do you have any ideas?
What about using names from Ancient Egyptian mythology? Osiris, Set, etc.?
Yuranus. Nothing personal.
Remotus, extremus, farthus, ultimus ?
@@EventHorizonShowMurph and Cooper
I only recently started wondering about this topic after doing an interview about the book "abduction to the 9th planet" or "The Thiaoouba prophecy"... the "aliens" on this "9th planet" claim that each solar system has 9 planets...the 9th being the more Spiritually "advanced"...
Where can I learn more?
Still new JMG in 2023? Can't wait to tell my friends in a few what i've known about since -23.
We (Humanity) really really need to invent a gravity telescope, if we are going to find those heavy but dark objects out there.
I wonder if a small Rocky or icy planet could ever form without a star. I also wonder if the sun's gravity caught it and then we could watch it fly by Uranus
This guy sounds like a young Robert Jordan, Wheel of Time author.
A beautiful voice
35:06
Yes it exist and it sits right here in our night skies and four other planets came with it. Would you like to know when and where they came from 😉 all you have to is ask.
Oh God! God! Somebody help me! I've fallen into the event horizon and I can't get out!
There's no way out!
But don't worry ...
We are all here with you :-)
The Magnitude penalty, sounds a lot like the nonexistent Consensus penalty.
What i don't understand why everyone is always so excited about manned missions to Mars an beyond. This would seem to be THE kind of mission pre-destined to be performed by AI and robots...
JOHNNYYYYYY BOYYYYYYY
JMG is our most coveted national treasure. We must protect him at all costs.
What if he threatens himself from the future?
Everyone knows it's a mass effect relay put there by the Reapers millions of years ago.
I laughed at the end there. Something about finding a black hole in the solar system and our first instinct boils down to poke it with a stick.
There would have to be warning sign stating: Do not feed the black hole
It is a mothership.
Another earth opposite our orbit. That's why no space telescopes pointing towards earth
What's the scientific pushback that Earth's ~25k year 'Great Year' processional cycle being the result of gravitational influence from a binary star companion (Sirius) on our Sun?
Sirius is too far away to pester us
There's literally zero scientific evidence of that -- tho I imagine whoever is pushing it also has a book for sale. They always do. 😒
@@timedeathe It's 8.6 light-years away. It's one of the closest stars to our Sun.
Thank you . ( 2023 / Dec / 31 )
Yeah so...
At this point whats it matter if there are these planets in the very very very far out part of our "solar system" ....we have been on mars for 30 years and got no answers...the best engineers in the world cant figure out how to open the asteroid sample from osiris rx...im starting to believe we are being duped
Why would a low incl. matter? Most stars fall on nearly same incl. cuz of accretionary physics of protoplanetary discs. that says nothing about how a star's gravity well is spherical, not football shaped. I can see low periapsis/closest approach for a captured exoplanet/rouge, IF it was very low, then it'd either disrupt the native planet's orbits Or get kicked out cuz of the strength of N-body affects on its highly parabolic trajectory, preventing it from being permanently being captured.
Still. that would imply, even with a low periapsis, that it doesn't get affected much by the gas giant's own gravity...Which is fairly improbable.
Odder STILL, I haven't seen any modeling that strongly disproves current theories that the number of rogues is 5-10x+ the galaxies star population. Some support lower numbers like maybe only a 1:1 ratio, but the ones I've seen have issues arguing exo-oort cloud interactions, and how an exoplanetary config could be maintained in the denser parts of the galaxy or during very close star passes (0.1-0.5ly).
I PREDICT: Another type of 'capture'...Accretion disc capture. Rather than capture an exo/proto/dwarf planet: If a older star passes close by a newer system, it could steal enough debris from the accretion disc (of the 2nd 'new' star), which would be at kuiper-belt distances (in the 1st system)...THEN over 10s of millions, maybe 100s, that debris accretes on its own in the older star's system...forming a planet.
Pulling from an accretion disc, on its outer edge...is tantalizing, bcuz of the makeup of it. You have a high % chance of capturing a lot of comets, water/other ices, Methane, etc....while still getting a lot of rocky material (from the lighter meteors/small rocks).
SO the chance of getting a Earth/superearth sized, oxygen/water ice rich planet is not insignificant %.
COMBINE THIS:
With the debris/dwarf planets the older star's own kuiper belt/oort cloud had...and you can see how you could acquire not just 1, but maybe even 2 or 3 Earth/Mars sized planets far from the star (even compared to Sedna). For it to be remotely habitable, it'd need a lot of lanthanide/actinide elements, and iron/lead to keep its core/mantle hot. Iron and Lead are both important cuz of their place as 'the most stable' transition metals...Which helps to ensure they don't decay to lighter materials (and migrate to surface permanently, cooling the planet).
The thing with planet 9 that makes it even more fascinating for me, is that 10 years ago, scientists were saying with absolute certainity that the mere existence of a 9th planet was ridiculous and in the realm of conspiracy theorists. That we would have detected it by now with certainity. Now, for the past couple of years, it seems like more and more scientists believe on its existence... Makes me wonder what other things are "ridiculous" nowadays and will be proven true in the future.
The issue is it's very very faint and dark and probably has a low albeto
Astrophysicist and concert pianist? I wonder if his mother is disappointed that he's also not a neurosurgeon 😁
I’m not surprised. 70 percent of music majors go on to earn a law degree. I know several who decided on medical school.
Planet 9 is Pluto. So... yes. 🧐
Then what would that make Eris?
Irrelevant, though presumably not planet 9.
ARGUMENT: 'Primordial Black Hole'....Is NOT a black hole. Its a singularity to be sure, but current stellar mass BHs are post-stellar remnants: IE they HAVE TO come from a star.
Primordial (AKA from very early universe)...would not have been 1 star = 1 BH. interstellar gas densities point to direct collapse models. If it doesn't go through an 'stable' star phases, and becomes a singularity...then I'd call it a Primordial Singularity.
We haven't observed 'micro black holes', they're still theoretical; and I'm not sure they fit into current cosmology. I don't expect sub-stellar mass black holes to really exist outside the most exotic of origins...So, it seems to be a non-serious talking point to think there could be one nearby.
Its like the idea of an 'inactive' Black Hole...where after X mass, it stops consuming material: this also doesn't add up to being a real thing based on current models and physics. For one to 'turn off' it would imply ANOTHER FORCE at work; one within the event horizon, that mediated how much the BH could consume/how massive it could get...
^^^This is directly contradictory to the very notion that a stellar-mass BH can 'evolve' into a intermediate mass BH (via BH mergers mostly), or consuming A LOT of material over billions of years. IF they could 'turn off', then many would...but since their gravity well is still very much a thing, that'd be 100% impossible. IF nothing could pass the event horizon (cuz it was 'full') It'd basically 'pile up' around that boundary...creating some stellar amalgamation of a star & BH at same time...Which would have very distinct characteristics: and which we haven't observed yet: giving evidence they don't turn off.
How is Anna, the possum, and the LeBaron?
😱10 years 😱
Better to send thousands of small laser sails in all direction in the solar system & we can get close 4K image of planet 9, 10 & beyond 😒
How was Pluto ever seen with the telescopes of long ago, if a Mars size planet is SOOOO hard to see NOW, as this guy strongly implies? Something doesn't make sense here.
400 - 700 AU is a bit further away
Not only does X exist, but there have been several. X is the variable in an equation. With this planet doing this, that planet doing that, this comet doing this, what mass at what orbit would cause all that? Solve for X. Pluto was an X. Uranus was an X. Those are but a couple off the top of my head, there have been several. The video begins with speaking of the base for another current X. Planet Nine is an X and based on cometary orbits n such.
X is also the Roman numeral for 10.
@@EventHorizonShow Yah. Its also use to spell X-Ray. However ten has crap to do with finding planets , and the X planet has been a classic variable since before I was born. Hell, Pluto was an X variable and it was discovered by around 1930. The X-Planet is old and classic and there are several. Planet Nine IS an X-Planet.
I love your content but the background music needs to stop.
I am now waiting for the Fermi paradox model that requires Theia to be a Mars size object from a Star very different from the Sun to allow life to form.... Presumably Theia would have had to graze the sun to slow down to a capture velocity.
Litterly the fermi paradox has become so popular that there are hundreds of joke solutions. Such as peter griffin preventing aliens from existing due to his conspect
what does it matter if another two dead balls of rock exist or not?
Pluto exist
I'm picturing the Indian guy from the big bang
I wish UA-cam would let me post pics of my JMG tattoos in the comments. Yes I said tattoos, that’s plural folks.
What do they look like?
@@EventHorizonShow JMG I jest of the tattoos but am tickled by your reply! If I did have one though it would be nestled somewhere near my nether regions undoubtedly.
Ha, changing children's place mats!