Oxford Calculus: Fourier Series Derivation

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  • Опубліковано 14 лип 2024
  • University of Oxford Mathematician Dr Tom Crawford explains how to derive the Fourier Series coefficients for any periodic function. Accompanying FREE worksheet courtesy of Maple Learn here: learn.maplesoft.com/doc/tx9dy...
    Check your working using the Maple Calculator App - available for free on Google Play and the App Store.
    Android: play.google.com/store/apps/de...
    Apple: apps.apple.com/us/app/maple-c...
    We start by deriving the orthogonality relations for sine and cosine, which are essential for the derivations of the Fourier Series coefficients. The integral relations rely on the trigonometric ‘product-to-sum formulae’ which enable the product of two sine or cosine terms to be separated and thus integrated directly. The delta function is also introduced to help to simplify the notation.
    We then assume that a Fourier Series of the required form exists, with as yet unknown coefficients a0, an and bn. These are derived by first integrating the entire equation from -L to L to get a0; then multiplying by cosine and integrating to get the an coefficients for each n; and finally multiplying by sine and integrating to get the bn coefficients for each n. The integrals are evaluated using the previously derived orthogonality relations.
    Finally, the interchanging of the summation and integral signs is addressed with a very brief discussion of uniform convergence and what this means in the context of a series.
    Don’t forget to check out the other videos in the ‘Oxford Calculus’ series - all links below.
    Full playlist: • Oxford Calculus
    Finding critical points for functions of several variables: • Oxford Calculus: Findi...
    Classifying critical points using the method of the discriminant: • Oxford Calculus: Class...
    Partial differentiation explained: • Oxford Calculus: Parti...
    Second order linear differential equations: • Oxford Mathematics Ope...
    Integrating factors explained: • Oxford Calculus: Integ...
    Solving simple PDEs: • Oxford Calculus: Solvi...
    Jacobians explained: • Oxford Calculus: Jacob...
    Separation of variables integration technique explained: • Oxford Calculus: Separ...
    Solving homogeneous first order differential equations: • Oxford Calculus: Solvi...
    Taylor’s Theorem explained with examples and derivation: • Oxford Calculus: Taylo...
    Heat Equation derivation: • Oxford Calculus: Heat ...
    Separable Solutions to PDEs: • Oxford Calculus: Separ...
    How to solve the Heat Equation: • Oxford Calculus: How t...
    Find out more about the Maple Calculator App and Maple Learn on the Maplesoft UA-cam channel: / @maplesoft
    Produced by Dr Tom Crawford at the University of Oxford. Tom is an Early-Career Teaching and Outreach Fellow at St Edmund Hall: www.seh.ox.ac.uk/people/tom-c...
    For more maths content check out Tom's website tomrocksmaths.com/
    You can also follow Tom on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram @tomrocksmaths.
    / tomrocksmaths
    / tomrocksmaths
    / tomrocksmaths
    Get your Tom Rocks Maths merchandise here:
    beautifulequations.net/collec...

КОМЕНТАРІ • 51

  • @larzcaetano
    @larzcaetano Рік тому +62

    Finally!!! Please, make a derivation of Laplace Transform!

  • @nychan2939
    @nychan2939 Рік тому +32

    I appreciate you really did the integrations and didn't just state the results.

  • @leeris19
    @leeris19 2 місяці тому

    I am a computer science student, currently delving around machine learning and it brought me here. I once again am reminded of how beautiful mathematics can be!

  • @ed.puckett
    @ed.puckett Рік тому +7

    Thank you for talking about the interchange of summation and integration and the property of uniform convergence!

  • @leophoenixmusic
    @leophoenixmusic Рік тому +8

    Great video!
    Adding to the list of people suggesting this: would love to see how to derive the Fourier transform from Fourier series. 😊

  • @JosephJoestar_420
    @JosephJoestar_420 Рік тому +4

    Studying physics rn, this helped soooooo much! Thx!!!

  • @MynulShanto
    @MynulShanto 2 місяці тому

    Perhaps this is the easiest video on Fourier series on UA-cam. Doing integration ( specially showing the value of delta (mn) ) makes this video unique. That's why I easily grasped the concept how to identify the co-effcient. Thanks a lot. My professor just messed up the topic and made it hard to learn.

  • @KenStarkey
    @KenStarkey Рік тому +6

    I loved the derivation. I could only imagine how Fourier felt when he derived or invented this. Seems so clear but we know some steps.
    Also reversing the sum with the integral you said we know it converges to f(x). I thought that was what you were trying to prove.

  • @M.athematech
    @M.athematech Рік тому +3

    For orthogonality, for m=n, you only covered m=n>0, the case m=n=0 has to be treated as a special case or else you are again dividing by 0.

  • @mansoorshaik2123
    @mansoorshaik2123 Рік тому

    too good bro. loved it

  • @KaiKunstmann
    @KaiKunstmann Рік тому +3

    Each of the 3 positions contains each decimal digit 1/10 of the time (if you count leading zeros). So each digit appears 3×1000/10 = 300 times.
    More generally: In a list of all possible n-positional integers (allowing for leading zeros) each base-b digit appears exactly n·b^(n-1) times, e.g. b=10 and n=3 is 3·10^(3-1) = 3·10² = 300.

    • @thefourshowflip
      @thefourshowflip Рік тому +1

      That seems way easier than how I did it lol. My approach was:
      There’s 10 in the first 99 in the ones space (1,…,91) and then 10 more for #s 10-19, giving 20 total in 1-99; this repeats 9 more times for each set of 100 numbers giving 200 total, but then there will be 100 more for every number 100-199 (from the hundreds place) given a grand total of 300😊

  • @physicsadhyaapak
    @physicsadhyaapak Рік тому +2

    Please make a video on Fourier, Laplace Transforms and Special Functions such as Bessel functions, Hermite , Legendre Functions.

  • @godlyradmehr2004
    @godlyradmehr2004 Рік тому

    Really im wating for that

  • @israelruiz2906
    @israelruiz2906 Рік тому +1

    I am very interested with!

  • @family-accountemail9111
    @family-accountemail9111 Рік тому +1

    Just want to say chalk on a board presentation can be very good! Children for a while now never see chalkborads in schools ( here in UK ) and I have been laughed at for being so old as to remember chalk! My dad take about learning to write on a slate?

  • @dmitriiefimov2134
    @dmitriiefimov2134 Рік тому

    Oh my, just came a minute shy to the end :) Tom, is there a way to describe a FT in terms of SU(2) Lie group? And I didn't watch the video yet - just in case the answer is out there - I'll do in a moment!

  • @dennisyang9147
    @dennisyang9147 Рік тому +1

    Hi Tom can you make a video testing the new AI chatGPT's maths skills by asking it a bunch of maths questions. I've used it a couple of times and it seems to be quite knowledgeable to a degree.

    • @snared_
      @snared_ Рік тому +1

      I had the opposite experience. It came upw ith some incorrect proofs for me but confidently thought they were correct.

  • @nickbishop959
    @nickbishop959 Рік тому +2

    Probably pretty low-brow for you, but can you do one on induction proofs?

  • @TomRocksMaths
    @TomRocksMaths  Рік тому +1

    Accompanying FREE worksheet courtesy of Maple Learn here: learn.maplesoft.com/d/DLEJJJNPPUILFLPNCTLRGSJHCTMHCRDJCTAUIRKKGSGPBSFHJNIFNRPODNPFBLJROIHMNIPIOUKLPHNIILISJMFLKULTNLGPHGNS

  • @TomLeg
    @TomLeg 5 місяців тому

    The sun(x) is a new one to me! :-)

  • @evazhang3232
    @evazhang3232 Рік тому

    integration of cos would not be 0 at 30:43, would you please double check when you get a chance please?

    • @iamjojo999
      @iamjojo999 10 місяців тому

      It's indded 0, if you plot cos(npix/L) on 2d, you will see that integral is the sum of area over -L to L
      Although cos is an odd function, but this integral will be still 0 due to area between x=0 to L/2 is the same of x=2/L to L. One is posivte,the other is negative,so they canceled out. For area between x=0 to -L is the same.

  • @NikitaPetrovich-zy7hp
    @NikitaPetrovich-zy7hp 14 днів тому

    Why did u decide to integrate this eqation on 23:12 ?

  • @user-bj8if8kf1i
    @user-bj8if8kf1i 5 місяців тому

    Hi. Im a 11th grade student. I didnt understand the part where: integrating the sin function, then inputting x=L gives zero (while deriving last RHS term for a0). I get why it happens for a cos function, we integrate it and it becomes sin, and every integer multiple of pi for sin is 0..... but for sin when we integrate, it become cos function... which is not 0 at every integral multiple of pi right? If you could clarify this doubt asap it'd be of help

  • @mariadelourdesaniessanchez9731

    I think the school is good

  • @beachboardfan9544
    @beachboardfan9544 Рік тому

    Is that an english thing, using the tall S as delta instead of the triangle?

    • @MxIraAram
      @MxIraAram Рік тому +3

      it's the small letter delta.

    • @beachboardfan9544
      @beachboardfan9544 Рік тому +1

      @@MxIraAram Whats that mean? The triangle is only for numbers?

    • @ste1l1
      @ste1l1 Рік тому +4

      @@beachboardfan9544 Delta is a character from the greek alphabet. Just as in the roman alphabet, they have upper- and lowe-case characters. The lower-case delta is the "S" and the upper-case delta is the triangle.

    • @beachboardfan9544
      @beachboardfan9544 Рік тому +1

      @@ste1l1 Ahh thanks!

    • @aug3842
      @aug3842 Рік тому +1

      capital Δ lowercase δ

  • @mikaramajlisbhai7315
    @mikaramajlisbhai7315 9 місяців тому

    Does this guy have a youtube tattoo??? Wild.

  • @michaelmapple8201
    @michaelmapple8201 Рік тому

    16:00 Odd number times even number is even. Got a bit confused for a while

    • @evazhang3232
      @evazhang3232 Рік тому

      odd times even is odd

    • @wiggles7976
      @wiggles7976 11 місяців тому

      @@evazhang3232 0*1=0. In the integers, even times odd is even. It appears this is not analogous to odd and even functions, but this was just a passing remark that was irrelevant so it doesn't matter that it was wrong.

  • @mariadelourdesaniessanchez9731

    Iam doing

  • @shriramgunasekar9794
    @shriramgunasekar9794 Рік тому

    A derivation of the fast fourier transform pwease

  • @tj_1260
    @tj_1260 Рік тому

    Ouhhh

  • @mariadelourdesaniessanchez9731

    I feel help me the school please

  • @catdanceable
    @catdanceable Рік тому +1

    i guess humanities was never part of your fabulous degrees

    • @catdanceable
      @catdanceable Рік тому

      your probably right being humanities seems to be not allowed these days

  • @emet744
    @emet744 Рік тому

    Wow, what kind of a lunatic does this this to his body?

    • @exoticcoder5365
      @exoticcoder5365 9 місяців тому

      You are extremely rude, what kind of a lunatic you are to leave such rude comment