If it’s age of 3 kingdom, Son Quan would aid the Jin in fighting Mongolians, after defeating the Mongolian army, he would turn his back to fight the Jin with the weaker Mongolian troops. After Jin is done might face the Mongolian head on
It took great khans Genghis Khan, Ugodei Khan, Gayuk Khan , Mongke Khan and the last Kublai Khan (Nominal) various decades to conquer entire China using their military might. It shows how hard was to conquer China.
中国防御工事非常强大，蒙古的分裂是因为Möngke Khan打中国四川的钓鱼城战死，一个强大的蒙古帝国就这样分裂了 China's fortifications were very strong. The Mongolian Empire was split because Möngke Khan was killed in the battle of Diaoyucheng in Sichuan, China. The powerful Mongolian Empire was split.
Given how many decades it took them to take China who was right next to them vs how easy it took them to breeze through to Central Asia-Europe really showed how strong China was.
however Song China had the weakest military... It had talented generals, but the emporor limited them so bad many times, Song China almost had a chance to take back lands but all oppotunities are lost
@@bot01020 the Sima family who rule Jin for 1000 years was just causing Suffers for Xiongnu tribes(Mongol's also)untuk Main character born named Chingghis
@@StandTallFortress British invaded almost every country in the world. They defeated the central powers, Napoleon and the Axis powers. They defeated the Dutch, Spain and Swedes. They also subdued India and china. Apart from all the technological and political innovations they brought. You must be crazy
If mongols failed in conquering Xixia then mongols would never have gained confidence to conquer other lands and therefore we wont have the largest continuous empire this huge
He likely still would've expanded into central asia and would've used that to attack the western xia from multiple angles repeatedly until they submitted. That kingdom was not destined to survive due to its poor geography.
@Patrick Swan only british, russian empires can compare with the size of the mongol empire. the next largest empire, the qing, doesn’t even come close to half what the mongol empire ruled.
When we said the Mongol had 100 thousand armies, they really do have a hundred thousand armies that can fight. They settle camps anywhere they like and hunt the wild animals when they want to eat. When you said that the Chinese had 400 thousand armies, 80% of them are administrative, food transporters and units that do not fight. They bring and transport their own food to war. So it is only about 100 thousand armies that cannot fight as well as the Mongols.
The Jin empire alone mobilised an army of a million (900,000 infantry and 100,000 cavalry) to fight against the mongols, but they were decimated by the mongols because of there superior mobility and tactics.
Numbers alone don't won wars.When the Mongols fought,they put an entire army ready to fight. When the Jin called for war,the dressed as soldiers peasants and commoners. Having the outfit of a warrior doesn't make you into a real soldier. That's the difference. We must also say that the Jon had a professional militia and army as well,but Mongola were simply stronger.
Mobility is another important thing. Actually Jin won many battles against the Mongols. But when Mongols lose, they can always retreat without big casualty. When Jin loses, they usually lose the entire army.
@@t3rm715 Alexander the Great's conquests were meager compared to the Mongols. Alexander inherited a professional army, one of the first of its kind during the time period, from his father Phillip. Ghenghis Khan united the nomadic tribes of Mongolia, made them a professional army, and conquered a greater landmass.
Both did great things. Plus, both lived at different time periods. What does this mean? different technology, different military tactics that worked and things like that. Also I can’t believe I have to say this but Alexander the Great ONE HUNDRED PERCENT IS REAL.. @A Sh There are non-Greek, Babylonian texts mentioning him in Iran. Plus Zoroastrian texts as well. Stop being blinded by nationalism and take the time to look up facts. I get you love your country but you can’t deny an event happened, especially when people of that region at the time fighting Alexander are saying he was there.
The benefits of the Mongols conquering China are massive, they've got skilled Chinese engineers that can build siege weapon, gunpowder, large wealth and gained many talented/skillful people around China. Its like Britain when they finally conquered India, which played a big part in the empire
@@mint8648 yes and the bankers profited greatly. Few of those families still have a large wealth though they maintain obscurity. Even in the 7 years war they loaned a huge amt to the British.
@@mukhtarsyajaratun1025 gold and silver were the most valuable of any currency.Indian bankers were to the southern,central Asia and arab peninsula in 18th century what the rothschild were to Europe in the 19th century.
@@clez2 why? Hamical went undefeated against the roman empire during the first punic war while being completely isolated, after the war he conquered Spain. His son spent 20 years isolated and unbeaten in Italy. Amongst other accomplishments. Oda nobunaga had some of world's most amazing victories, including beating a 30.000 strong army with a 3.000 strong army and he did it in an open battlefield. Or Fredrick from Prussia who fought Russia, Austria, France and a lot of minor nations at the same time being extremely outnumbered. Or prince Eugene of savoy, even Napoleon called him the best at some point. Or Charlemagne, "the father of europe" who basically created a massive empire covering half of Europe out of nothing. Or Saladin, the one who allowed islam to conquer half the world and who beat the Christian armies. Or tamerlane, who started from nothing, with a handful of men and he basically conquered all from nowdays turkey to the border of China. Or Maurice of nassau, he allowed a nation of 1.000.000 people to fight against the greatest empire at the moment, the Spanish empire. And they won after 80 years. So many generals who can also be the greatest. And then we havent even covered Aztec or inca generals or some of the leading figures to fight colonists like Tecumseh. Calling one the greatest is the definition of arrogance.
Note that Mongol swept through Asia to Europe in 10 years, yet at the time of Gengis Khan’s death, he could only conquer the smallest Kingdom of Xixia of China. The City of Xiang Yan stood in front of the Mongol seige for 10 years and the City of Diaoyu Shan was never captured. It was at Diaoyu Shan that Monge Khan was killed by the Song army. Mongolian conquest of China took more than seven decades of a deeply split country, and in nearly 50 years Mongols were fighting Song Dynasty. This illustrates the fact often neglected in Western history book: the East had been militarily more advanced than the West until the rise of the colonial empires. That was the reason why China defeated the Huns, and the Huns defeated Rome. And China conquered the Turks and the Turks defeated the Byzantines. But the table turned gradually in favor of the West since the 16th century, when different elements of the modern society was born in the West. In the end the modern society took over the Earth.
Thats not true. The Mongol empire tried to invade Europe but was pushed out because the Europeans were too powerful and advanced... They lost a whole army of 30k people against Croatia. Thats just one example. Go learn history. Also the Huns didnt defeat the Romans.. They had battles where yes the Romans did lose sometimes but the collapse of their empire was not because of the Huns. You have read too much propaganda
@@froglifes6829 wrong. Subutai defeated Europe and Russia with just a scouting army lol. Your European pope, france, byzantine used to send gifts to Mongol khan hence maintaining diplomacy. But after Mongol empire split up Mongols became weak hence came there defeat but in height of power Mongols were the strongest.
@@ttt9618 Go learn history. There is a reason why the Mongols couldnt make it to central or western Europe... Because they were not advanced or strong enough. Again over 30k mongols lost to Croats... You can say am wrong but you cant change history ;) go back to school and study instead of being stupid. if the Mongols were strong in the first place the empire wouldnt split up.. The mongols stood no chance against Europeans. They could only make it to ukraine... Again go learn history.
@@ttt9618 The Venetian crossbow men and long bows of Central and western Europe were far more powerful and longer range than anything the Mongols had. They failed to conquire Europe because of this
@@froglifes6829 The Mongols did not go further into Europe because Gengis Khan died at He lan mountain in conquering Xixia, and the sons need to go back and elect the new great Khan. They did not go back because the weak resistance of the Europeans. Just go back and read how they sacked Kiev Russia and defeated Hungary. No real and serious history will say that the Mongol stopped because the Europeans pushed them back, despite the Europeans, especially the Hungarians fought bravely but got defeated. The second great Mongol expedition were called First Sons expedition. Again, the Egyptian Mamuluke victory, the only major victory against the Mongols was not the reason why the Mongols stopped. The Great Mongol Khan Monge was killed by Song firepower at Diaoyu Shan city. And Holaku khan was one of the candidates for the Great Khan and that was why he pulled army back to East Iran to seek the great khan position. Geghis Khan’s death in conquering Xiaxia and Monge Khan’s death in the war with Song were the reasons why the two Mongol western expedition stopped. By then, the Golden Horde Khandate was already at war with Holaku khan, and the Mongol civil war stopped the Mongols from further invasion into Europe. In the East, Diaoyu Shan city stood in front of the Mongol invaders for 36 years and did not fall. In comparison, the Western great cities usually fall in less than a week when facing a major invasion.
Mongolia is a historical accident. In 100 years, three powerful nomadic empires have emerged in the grasslands of northern China. The Han people (Song) lost the Great Wall and cavalry (horse-producing area) in continuous wars with them. After the rise of Mongolia, the army that concentrated in Arabia, Central Asia, and Europe destroyed Song in the war of attrition. (One city was besieged for forty years before surrendering). This is unique among nomads.
The Mongol Empire: "Knock knock." Dai Viet: "Who's there?" The Mongol Empire: "The mothertickling MONGOL EFFIN EMPIRE BEEATCH!" Dai Viet: "Oh. It's you. Go away." The Mongol Empire: "Are you DEAF!?" Dai Viet: "No. Yu is blind." The Mongol Empire: "I'm not blind. YOU blind!" Dai Viet: "That is what I just said!" The Mongol Empire: "You just said what!?" Dai Viet: "Exactly." The Mongol Empire: "All right, I'm tired of playing games! Prepare yourself to DIE!!!" Dai Viet: "Can't say Dai Viet without 'die'.... oh... wait!" The Mongol Empire: "You just jinxxed yourself, boi!" Dai Viet: "Whatever. Come at me with your best shot." The Mongol Empire: "My nerves are nervous from WRATH!" DIE!" Dai Viet: "Haha! You died in a filthy SWAMP!" ... oh... wait!" The Mongol Empire: "You got lucky thi time. NEXT TIME NOT!" Dai Viet: "Blah blah blah. Get lost!" The Mongol Empire: "I'm back!" Dai Viet: "Ha! You died in a stinkin' cesspool swamp AGAIN!" The Mongol Empire: "You have short-term memory. Stop dissing your country!" Dai Viet: "I have hordes of mosquitoes. You cannot defeat me!" The Mongol Empire: "Third time's a charm! OUr arrows will blot out the SUN TSU! See what I did there?" Dai Viet: "No. I' told you I'm blind. Regardles, we shall fight in the SHADE!" The Mongol Empire: "WAAAAAAAAAAA!!! WE DONE DIED A-GIN!!!!" Tune in next episode for when the mothertickling Mongol EFFIN Empire knocks on Egypt's door!
They were impressive militarilly mainly due to them excepting help from other ppl in their war efforts .wana break chinese walls recruit chinese ppl, wana move to and invade russia ally with the local nomads, wana make siege on european castles get some turkish engineers to built trebuchets.
@@scintillam_dei Bro the Mongol Empire was a hollow shell of what it was when it tried taking Vietnam. 4- factors Disadvantage #1-Mongols wore heavy fur and in humid swamps with mosquitos and disease, considering the fact they come from cold climate it didn’t work in their favor Disadvantage #2-No clue of the region Disadvantage #3- No Genghis Khan Disadvantage #4- Mongol armies sent to Vietnam was only a small platoon and also shell of the what the empire once was If any one of those disadvantage was never there Vietnam sandal warriors would have easily gotten steam rolled like a dumpling 😂 Imagine sending the armies of the Four Khanates during its might to Vietnam 😂 Lol Viets think they tough because God gave them an inhospitable regional advantage. Viet: “We tough because of Jungle” Wait what if you don’t have jungle then what? Put a Viet on a flat plane of grass and let him fight a Mongolian, I wanna see who wins 😂 The Mongolian would use the Viet as his personal toothpick when he’s on his daily high protein diet Mongolian would look like a bodybuilder and the Viet would look like a malnourished child 😂🤣🤣🤣
Actually, historic official documents showed the Song knew they should aid Jin instead of corporating with mongols but the Song people refused to do so after many years war. And who raised aidding Jin in the court were attacked by political opponents…which left Song no choice as Jin would be conquered by mongols anyway.
Interesting fact: When Kublai Khan was about to conquer the Southern Song Dynasty (China),he became emperor of China.And changed the Mongol Empire into the Yuan Dynasty, China.China has successfully survived in this way
@@hiyukelavie2396 not rejected due to being too chinese but they backed different people in the civil war. And killing of Most of Oguudei lineage is what made Tului lineage or Khublai khan rejected by other Mongol khanate. if you read into the history of Chingis khaans 4 sons family it's so clear.
Mongols used Southern China against Northern China (Jurchens ) and when they succeeded they flip the script and used the North against the South. So basically the Chinese helped defeat each other. In fact during the wars , the Han Chinese banners who fought for the Mongols outnumbered the actual Mongols
You are right, the major commanders sent by Yuan to conquer Southern Song were northern Chinese and even some defected southern Chinese generals, like Zhang Hongfan, Shi Tianze, because China is a culturally diverse vast land and peoples do not have a common national identity.
@@XuerLi thank you ! And vice versa. The Southern Song helped the Mongols fight the “hated “ Jin dynasty in the North. Chinese history is fascinating. I am also very intrigued by the struggle between the settled “civilized” Chinese and the a “barbarian” nomads (Mongols, Turks ) . Greetings from Somalia 🇸🇴
Northern China is not Jurchen just conquered by Jurchens. At that time Jurchens and Song are enemies. Song hated Jurchens more than the mongols and always try to take back its old home territory aka central plain.
Back then, people did not have a strong conception of race or ethnicity. Also contrary to popular perceptions, the Mongols were not particularly brutal towards the Chinese. Most deaths in China occurred due to famine and disease (Black Death) during the Yuan dynasty
The song Chinese fought well against the Mongols. Until the Mongols brought Trebuchet from the middle east to break their city walls at xiang yang. A major city on the Yangtze River.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan to be fair, Chinese deal with thr Mongols much better than many nations, at least Song Dynasty managed to killed thr Mongol emperor Mongke Khan in Diaoyu siege, dute to his death, Great Mongol Empire splits into four Khanates,
@@Emilechen The Kanates exist since the creation of the Mongols empire. The Mongols split into different kingdom because of the push of Kublai khan against the elect Great Khan. Shame on him!
@@alvaro701 To be fair, most folks would’ve done the same. Kublai Khan did most of the dirty work of conquest in China, and what did the elected khan do? Why would you freely hand over someone something you worked so hard for over night, right? You would most likely take what you and your men fought and died for and keep it.
china did fall to mogolian eventually, but it took them 48 years to conquest. There were none a single country could hold on a resist against the mongolian that long, most of them fell within 2 months
Just think, Khwarezmian Empire, was one of the strongest Empires at that time, with the cities of Urgench and Nishapur being some of the wealthiest cities of the world. But even with all that the Empire fell to the Mongols in three short years.
@@justinwillingale2086 Vietnam got a good geography location to resist the Mogols invasion that the mogol horse was really hard to adapt that area and all the mountains surrounding between China and vietnam...
2:08 I already knew about this and learned from this already. The key advantage why the Mongols conquer China was they were disunited. And the Mongols came at a perfect time when China wasn't as one. Also China wasn't very strong at this point. EDIT: China has defeated the Mongols before just look at the Han-Xiongnu War 漢匈戰爭 in 133 BC.
China wasn't strong at this point. Lol!! China was disunited yes, but they were far from weak. During the mongol invasion, The Jin Empire alone managed to raise an army, that outnumbered the mongols Ten to One.
Disunited or not, Mongols were outnumbered all the time. Just look at the battle of yehuling. 100k Mongol cavalry vs 1.4m Jin various troops and the great wall at their side.
Song : We have Mandate of Heaven Jin : We have a lot princess and bribes Xia : We have Xia Xia Xia... Mongols : Good, we have Chinese Engineers, European engineers, Specialists technologies. Advanced!! XIA XIAXIA first... Me : They did attack Xia Xia Xia LOL!!!
My heart breaks knowing how the little Song Emperor was thrown off the cliff to his death when the Mongols besieged their land... Much love to the Song Dynasty!
Based on how weak Mongol is today, how brutal Mongol was when they conquered and slaughtered their enemies, and how well they are perceived by people 1000 years later. I have reached a conclusion. That is *end justify means, history only favour winners.*
event a the peak of Mongol Empire, Mongol warriors are powerful but thir economy in their homeland is still weak, so in their empire, Mongolian steppe's economy get marginalized by other region, once Mongol rulers and warriors lose and go back to heir homeland, thry will become poor agains, such is the question :s
That's because back then almost all men and boys between age 13 and 50 were trained and equited to fight. They all had horses, armor, spears, and most importantly bows. They lacked heavy infantry and most importantly engineers and skilled Smith's but China was weak and has always been willingy to serve anyone who sits on their imperial throne so when they rolled over so easily when the mongols invaded it provided the mongols with top quality enginees to build siege weapons, build siege works, build bridges, perform logistics, and it gave them Smith's to make top quality armor and weapons. Mongolia went into the war with China as a half decent army with many weak points but China rolling over so easily gave them everything they needed to March across the continent. Much like Rome during the western half of their empire collapsing; China was more focused on internal fighting then on external threats and it caused a global ripple.
The Song's fear of their military wasn't unfounded. As this video stated, there was a real fear of rebellion and there was a huge number of chinese already defecting to the mongols which only fueled this paranoia.
Central Asian countries, Europe and India were vulnerable, China resisted Mongolia for 70 years, the emperor and ministers of the Song Dynasty committed suicide
Bunch of steppe nomads with bows and arrows took on nations which had 100 times their population, huge defensive cities, as well as early gunpowder weapons? The size of Mongols' balls! That feat was comparable to modern day Mongolia somehow defeating modern day Russia--impossibly amazing.
And to think this can be traced to Western Xia's refusal to give the military aid to Genghis Khan when he was going to invade Central Asia. I wonder what will happened if they actually willing to become allies instead.
@@lordInquisitor It's so funny to me that everyone at the time was so eager to go to war as they each had their own plans of dominating the area. The khwarezm shah, the jurchen jin, the song, etc. What set the mongols out was that they were just better at it.
@@googane7755 well better as in they were masters of tactics that the other powers had little knowledge off . I would bet that the biggest factors in Mongol success was the horse archer , fear and the fact that the open plain is basically custom made for horses and horse riders
Genghis Khan will still invaded Jin. While Mongolia was not united, Jin raid the Mongol all the time. One of the Genghis Khan ancestor was murder by Jin. So Genghis Khan hate Jin and is determined to payback on what Jin done to his people.
well, it makes sense when that civilisation was divided on itself while the mongols took their time to conquer bits of territory AND the locals were supporting them AND the Song Dynasty and a weak army while being attaked on 3 sides. If china would have been united, the mongols would've never conquered them, and if the song dynasty wasn't so paranoid of its own army, they probably wouldv'e resisted longer and even survive until the inevitable collaspe of the Yuan Dynasty
Mongke Khan was the recinarnation of a Chinese general. China conquered China. Not the Mongols. Genghis Khanwas the preincarnation of Mao Zedong, obviously.
Nice work totally but some mistakes: 1,the appearance of the king of Xia and JINN is wrong,the video showed the clothes and hairstyle of Qing dynasty,the last chinese dynasty. 2,the position of Xiangyang is wrong. 3,the last battle between Song and Mongol empire happened in Yashan ,not Yamen
1.1. The Jin people were the female real people who lived in the Heilongjiang region, a fishing and herding civilization, and were a subordinate tribe of the Khitan (Liao) in the early days. These female real people were not from the Joseon region. Because today's Korea and Korea in fact belonged to the Three Korean tribes during the Tang Dynasty, they joined forces with the Tang Dynasty to fight against Goguryeo (the successor of Wei's Korea, a nation of local tribes and Yan exiles) eventually forming Silla, which is the ancestor of today's Koreans and Korean people. 2. Before the rise of the Mongols, it was the Turkic people, the enemies of the Tang Dynasty, who controlled the Mongolian plateau, but after Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, wiped out the Eastern Turkic and Western Turkic peoples, a vacuum period arose in the nomadic plateau region. This land was successively contested by the Hui falcons, the Shatuo Turks, the Dang Xiang Qiang (also the ancestors of the Western Xia), and the Khitan. The final victors were the Khitan, who established the Liao Kingdom, but the Khitan, who already controlled northern China, did not want to return to nomadic areas. The Mongols emerged from this process, and Genghis Khan's great-grandfather, Hepbul Khan, united the various tribes and gave rise to the concept of the Mongols. Hebure Khan defeated the Khitan several times, but was forced to submit due to the huge power gap between the two sides. 3. AD1236-AD1242, the Mongols attacked the then many principalities of Rus' and defeated their allied forces. In AD1240-AD1241, this army led by Battuta, Speedy, Mongol, and Guiyu was divided into two groups and took amazing high speed maneuvers to surround and tempt the enemy deeper in the Battle of Legnica and the Battle of Tisza River to annihilate the main Hungarian and Polish armies. They also created false king's documents to deceive the nobles all over Hungary after attacking Hungary and occupying Pest and Bra. In AD1242, the Mongols invaded the Second Bulgarian Empire and Bulgaria became a vassal state of Mongolia. 4. Genghis Khan died before defeating the Southern Song Dynasty, and AD 1258, the Mongol Khan Mongol died in the Battle of Diaoyu Castle. In fact, the Mongols' fighting power was the most amazing in this period. The unique geography of Vietnam can also be seen here indeed while the battle of Ilkhanate against Mamluk, which represents the rapid decline of Mongol fighting power, took place in AD1281. It is important to mention here that the geography of the Vietnamese region and the strength of their resistance were equally impressive. AD 1257, AD 1284-AD 1288, the Mongol invasion of Vietnam, the Vietnamese Chen dynasty defeated the forces of the Yuan dynasty several times (this period saw a Mongol heir crisis after the death of Mongol, but at least nominally Kublai defeated the other contenders for the position of Mongol Khan, but except for The khanates outside Ilkhanate were not actually subservient. (At the same time he crowned himself Emperor of the Great Yuan.) . In war after war, the Yuan dynasty was surprised by the tenacity of Vietnam and began to increase its leverage. The Vietnamese Chen dynasty eventually became bitter at this endless invasion and was forced to choose to become a vassal state. The Mongols, on the other hand, turned their attention to Burma. 5. The Mongols are divided into many branches, the western Nai Mongols are Christian and followers of Nestorianism, while the eastern Muroves are descendants of the Xianbei people left over from the Han dynasty. The central and southern Mongols were under the command of Genghis Khan's Golden Family. The northern Mongols, on the other hand, were known to them as the Khalkha Mongols, and these northern Mongols were made up of tribes affiliated with the Mongols. This continues to this day, and since the secession of Mongolia from the Republic of China since World War II, their main population is the Khalkha Mongols. 6. We have to understand in any case that the rise of the Mongols in the 13th century was essentially a cataclysm. He was in no way inferior to the destruction of Arab civilization by the Turkic Ghulam, or to the destruction of Western Rome by the Huns and Goths and Vandals. Every civilization that resisted them should be proud of it.
@@sansan2591 It was a border conflict, yet the Tibetan Lamas realized the strength of Mongols and chose to surrender before Mongols reached the the inner land. They made a treaty in Liangzhou (modern Wuwei in Gansu Province), where the Tibetans agree to pay taxes and allow Mongols to field army in their land.
By the way, Lhasa was not the pollical center of Tibet though. It was Saskya, where the Pandita Lama lives. He was one of the religious leaders in Tibet. At that time, Tibet had been scattered into many small feudal lands and was not unified for centuries, with each feudal lords had only a few hundred soldiers.
@@dabome4001 By being allies with one greek city state and make them turn on another until they all were under Romes influence. Very simplified ofcourse.
Yeah, only took mongols 45 years to conquer southern song with help of Chinese military adviser and scarification of one khan, who’s death stop its army march further into Europe.
China's geographical location is relatively closed, and ancient Chinese believed that the world was composed of the Central Plains civilization world, northern nomadic peoples, southern tribes, and the distant West. Mongolia has played an important role in Chinese history and has always been a powerful opponent of the Central Plains dynasties
To be more accurate, the "Song" dynasty is considered the Han chinese state at the time, with the Jin dynasty being foreign invaders. So the video showed the conquest of people that were ancestors to manchurians, other northern central asian states and then "China" during the Song battles. The Song did not team up with mongolians to fight other Chinese states, they considered the Manchurians to be invaders and thought they would be able to gain more of their homeland back by teaming up with the Mongols, in which they did accomplish initially....
Yeah they were all considered foreigners by the Han Chinese which explains their unwillingness to co-operate and may have thought the Jin were just another barbarian state no different from the Mongols so the Song didn't care who they were screwing over.
Googane Your post reflects some deep stereotypes on the Han Chinese race. Keep in mind their country is being invaded by Manchurians and Mongols. There is no cooperation when your country is being invaded. Lol. They were making decisions based on what they feel is best to protect their country and Manchus arent chinese, that land isn’t theirs. Get it? Mongols promised (they lied) we’ll take our the manchurians and you’ll get your state back. Alot of ancient civilizations thought of outsiders as barbarians just like Rome did of the Germans. Youre saying the han chinese were wrong for being invaded and not cooperating, lol. Funny stuff.
Yes, Song is Han Chinese state, but Yuan is not. And then Ming is Han Chinese state but Qing is not. So that you can undrstand why there were so many rebels from civilians after Ming dynasty fell down.
How Mongols united Gobi steppe: Temujin exploited OngKhan of Keraits, his orth father's strength How Mongols defeated Jin main force at Yehuling: Jin troops didn't use their advantage in numbers, too dispersed, HuShahu ran with his reinforcement How XiLiao (Kara khitai) got annexed: Exploited internal conflict: Kuchalug overthrowal Why Tangut populations are mostly wiped out: XiXia concubine bit off Temujin's genital...jk, they failed to aid Mongol with reinforcement on their Western conquest & Temujin's benefactor: Heda'An was killed by XiXia border guards Why did Song's last stand fail? Chinese attacked by more surrendered Chinese
The most logical explanation of why the mongol can conquer chinese dynasty which have plenty of heavily fortified city is that the mongol is waging a war of attrition. First, the mongol army (that consist mostly of lightly armored cavalry archer) can easily harrassed the chinese army while also avoiding pitched battle with the chinese army by doing hit and run tactic. The chinese army that have no answer to that will become demoralized and will seek shelter behind walled city to avoid being harrassed further. Second, the mongol will pillage and loot the countryside and lightly fortified/defended city not only to obtain loot and food supply for themselves but also to drive/herd the mass populace to take shelter inside a walled city. After that they just need to wait for those city that was overpopulated by the refugee to either starve themselves to death simply surrender. That would explain why a lot of city defender easily surenderred against the invader. Because by the time they open their gate to invite the masses their fate was sealed. Instead of the mongol they will face food shortages and the possible threat from starved soldier and civilian mutiny instead.
@@leexingha What he said isnt completly false. China has relied on the fact that they have more men many times in history,and when it does not go their way countless of men die. Not to mention the Chinese were lacking combat experience and skill when fighting the Mongals.
@@leexingha Yes and do you know which country on Earth has had and has currently the most people? China even now exploits its people. Thats how China stays rich. But its not exploited by everyone. Thats where you are wrong.
Pretty much after the collapse of the xixia the mongols already have access to chinese ppl who are knowledgable in siege warfare. And after many chinese and proto-machu ppl defected from the jin, they had a substantial amount of infantry and siege engineers to back up their light calvalry and after the fall of Kaifeng, they have access to gunpowder. Arabic and european scholars at the time the ones to survive the mogols raids into europe staited that the mongols used 'greekfire' and 'chinese arrows' in their battles to burn anyone and everything in their way. Only castles on high up mountains were safe. The mongols were effective mainly due to them using the enemy against the enemy as they recruited almost anyone to fight with them from koreans to turks. Tho they do have their short comings it took them 44 years to break Song defenses (the song lasted longer than anyone else) and they took the worse time to invade Japan, when the seas and weather was calm which is a sign a typhoon is coming ya know calm before the storm.
2 bloods I love most Emperor Charlemagne and Genghis. 1 pinch of blood from them you become a emperor material. Although Babur got most of his domains from being the descendant of Amir Timur also his legit claim on India was to have Lahore which his ancestor Timur conquered, Babur got his real legitimancy from being the descendant of Genghis .
The Mongol empire probably is the largest empire in human history. No other empire has conquered so much land areas as the Mongols did. The closest to it probably is the Russian empire, which was also part of the Mongol empire in the thirteenth century.
@@zyanego3170 The British had guns and fought aborigines with boomerangs and stone axes. The Mongols fought equal and more advanced civilizations. The British never had much success conquering anything in Europe even when fighting agains lesser European countries. The British were really good at piracy not so much at warring but against Australian aborigines and Eskimos they were great!
@@yeshiyangzom8532 Which Chinese federal state (Inner Monglia is a federal state or autonomy province but which dinasty)? Which Chinese dinasty historically rule under Inner Mongolia and from which city? Are they declare as Mongol or Chinese?
Marko Croatia There is a mountain called “Yinshan” in Inner Mongolia, which is the real boarder between China and normad dynasty. You can still see the older Great Wall there.
There is a story passed down in my culture that back in the day we were forced out of our region in china. I believe that it might’ve have been khan or a descendent of khan
@@williamrobert9898 Jin and Song Dynasties were in War for Centuries.....both Dynasties can't cooperate when the Mongols Invaded.. The Mongols promised Song Alliance in exchange of helping attacking Jin.. But 40 years later the Mongols Still invaded Song .also Song Military are very Neglected by their Emperor
No mention of many details. Though Mongols brought all China under one control, which would be very useful for coming Chinese Dynasties. Same as Mughals have done in India, a near relatives of Mongols. Babar the founder of Mughal empire was direct descendent of Genghis Khan, numerous spelling of his name, western and Muslims , since they became Muslims, so spelling of name. The original story told & read of Mongols first penetration into China was very superhuman. The Mongols use to ride for 6 hours form their camping area to China , where they would shut gates of fortress on early warning system. It was estimated that Mongols who ride horses bear, meaning without any seat or other cushioning material. The Chinese has estimated that it would take in such condition of riding Mongols 6 hours to come to gates of fortress. The Mongols then did extra human fleet, they rode to their camps and return immediately back, thus riding continuously for 12 hours, and they took China with complete surprise . In all history, except for post modern, where fire power is winning factor, in past it was often poor, tough people , who organised and became much feared invaders as Mongols and Mughals & other numerous horseback militia did as Golden Hordes etc. The Crimean much feared Muslim Turk militia, which kept Crimean a vessel state of Ottoman Empire. .
@@giles4565 Facts say otherwise, Mongols had Lamellar armor which is iron working. battle of Legnica and Mohi proved Templar Knights, Teutonic Order and Hungarian heavy cavalry a failure against Mongols. Death of Ogedei Khan saved Central Europe. Subutai steamrolled Teutons in their steel heavy armor lol Subutai freaking used Gunpowder weapons against the Europeans at Mohi ffs. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mohi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica
@@giles4565 Please learn history. Mongols butchered the combined armies of Rus principalities of Russia at the Battle of Kalka River even though the mongols were outnumbered three to one. They also massacred Poland's army at the Battle of Legnica. After the battle they captured and killed Henry The Pious (leader of the polish army) and displayed his severed head on a spike in the town of Legnica. They also destroyed the Hungarian Army at the Battle Of Mohi. And massacred more than 500,000 of Hungary's civilian population, after King Bella fled.
But a funny thing is that, after mongols conquered China, they ruled Chinese in an inadvertent way, which provided more freedom than a despotism in many Chinese dynasties 🤣🤣🤣 In Song dynasty's China, the status of women were much lower than Mongolian society... In Ming and Qing dynastie, people were not entitled to criticize the authority, but people could do this in Mongol's Yuan dynasty 😂
@@amaerukaoru Because the Mongolian royal family basically did not know how to govern an empire, they had never had the experience of ruling such a large country and people. Therefore, the Yuan Dynasty was essentially governed by the Han elites. The Mongolian royal family only needs to collect taxes on time. The Han officials who govern the country don't care what you say
Song emperors were all stupid except the founder and first 2 generations. Son Gaozong had a chance to restore the Song Empire and make it the most powerful song empire under his reign, because he had legendary Yue Fei as his military commander. But then he is just a coward, scared that rescueing his daddy in Kaifeng city would mean the end of his reign. So after a victorious war by yue Fei he orders yue Fei to retreat. And made terms with enemy to negotiate peace by killing yue Fei. He could have just pushed on the conquest, rescue his father( make his dad the imperial father) have title but no political power. Emperor Gaozong of song could have wiped out Jin, then when Genghis comes, it would be 100k troops vs 1M+. Very difficult to fight.
The secrets of only thousands of Mongolian nomads conquering country of millions such as China is in their nourishing good diet- meat and milk, which gave them good stamina, plus the harsh step climate coupled with extensive physical labour, such as horse riding since childhood.
@@babak-shah5005 Because I love Cyrus II and Darius I, Achaemenid Empire is one of the Greatest Empire all time, My favourite Ancient city was Persepolis which was build by non slave. because as you see the Cyrus cylinder which consider as first Human rights, they are done many beautiful projects like Royal road, second Jewish temple, Canal of the Pharaohs (Suez Canal) and many more..., its an Diversed Empire with Multicultures and with Multiple peoples. I love Achaemenids!!!
@@LakshmiPraveenDiaries wow thats very nice that you know so much about my beautyfull country and history. I am from Iran sir. I want to visit the ruins of Persepolis. Since when are you intrested in Iran or Iran's history and how did that start? I am curious to know. Much respect
@@babak-shah5005 When I was research Great Empires and Cultures, Only Achaemenid Empire has Infuenced me. because you people have Greatest and Successful Administration and Religions.
Kubilai was surprised as over than 60,000 Chinese Han actually joined his conquest to Southern Song. When Mongol occupied Song, the Han people celebrated it as they were subjected to heavy taxes and tortures from corrupt Song kingdom. Enriched by culture, wealth, and hardworking quality people, Kubilai declared himself as the Khan of Mongol and Emperor of China. Something that no other Mongol leader would do, as it mean the Khan has the same title as Emperor of China. Similar with the Mongol, when Manchuria conquered China, the Chinese welcomed them due to suffering under Ming corruptions. The Manchu Emperor Kanghsi declared every provinces leaders to host grand feast, combining culinary of Han chinese and Manchu. Years later, the Manchu Emperor at peak of Manchuria golden age, Xianlong declared himself as reincarnation of Liubang, the Emperor of Han dynasty. As he heavily fell in love with Chinese culture, he announced to his close ministers that he often dreamed of Guangong (Chinese general turned into deity) came to protect him. He then promised to uphold his mission and brought China to be superpower of Asia, which he did as his conquest including part of modern Russia, present Mongolia republic, entire Korean peninsula, northern vietnam, and further west including part of kazhakstan.
I think this bit of history is, as you say, quite simplified, but ok. The bigger lack, maybe covered elsewhere? is that you didn't explain how the Mongols, also a collection of various tribal groups, were unified in the first place. They had been suppressed by the various Chinese dynasties for a few hundred years before they were able to effectively unite. This might be a good story as well. Further, how the FALL of this empire happened is another good story.
@@protestantwarrior1516 Apparently the North Song dynasty was the dynasty in which China started pay tributes to Mongols and it in total lasted only two centuries.
@@protestantwarrior1516 The Qing Dynasty established by the Jurchen is the first country in Chinese history to call itself China. Historically speaking, the country name of China came from the Qing Dynasty, and modern China continues to use this country name, so the Jurchen is of course Chinese.
@@SimakSantana True but they were facing a very different Mongol Empire, weakened by decades of being softened by 'civilsation', while China resisted a Mongol Empire at its military peak under legends like Subutai.
Mongols never fully conquered China, Yuan dynasty only had 89 years, (1271 to 1368), and the Chinese never gave up fight back. Ming dynasty quickly beat up Mongolians and took over.
@@protestantwarrior1516 Every Chinese knows Tumu incident. But if you take it as a proof of the Mongol's complete conquest to China then it's weird. Also, the emperor that was kidnapped during Tumu is an emperor ranked last 3 (not official, but by history amateurs) and he was kidnapped due to his own incompetence. It was true that the Ming dynasty did not completely defeat Mongolians, but it was also the fact that Ming dynasty kicked Mongolians out of land of Chinese.
Another observation is rarely any Chinese think Jin or Liao is China, but thinks Mongolian’s Yuan is. The fact is culturally and ethnically Jin and Liao is much more China than Yuan.
Then u don't understand China at all. The Liao and Jin never conquered Song so many Chinese wouldn't consider them as a rightful ruler of middle kingdom. Yuan conquered Song and started the Yuan dynasty using Chinese system Writing and so on makes Yuan the successor of Song.
Chinese learn a major lesson after this. No more small kingdoms fighting among themselves. Unify together or get conquered by a strong outside force. In WWII, the nationalist (Taiwan today) and Communist work together right away when Japan invaded even though they are super bitter enemies.
"Working together" may be a bit of a stretch seeing how the communists (indirectly) benefited from the Japanese incursion, as the bulk of the fighting was done by the nationalists (+ Japanese materiel seized by the communists/Soviets in northern China at the end of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War; the communist forces did not receive German/US/Soviet materiel support or training like the KMT did). Frankly, Chinese republicanism (whether nationalist or communist) greatly benefited from Japanese aggression since the late 19th c. as the Qing dynasty lost its legitimacy to rule ("Mandate of Heaven"), stoking the fire of a republican revolution which eventually occurred in 1911. Heck, even Sun Yat-Sen was living in Japan in exile. Was there a Chinese "united front" formed in the face of Japanese aggression? Sure, but mostly on paper. Chiang Kai Shek had to be coerced into halting aggression against communist forces.
@@DucaTech are you drugs? Hong Kong until the 90’s was European colony, Taiwan is still ostensibly a colony. And there is no lack of English speakers in China.
In fact, every dynasty in China has repaired the Great Wall and sent troops to confront northern nomadic tribes, which lasted for thousands of years. Until the Song Dynasty saw a turning point, allowing Mongolia to unify the grasslands and become a powerful warlord spanning across Europe and Asia. At that time, the Song Dynasty accumulated thousands of years of money and technology, which were used by the Mongols to conquer the continent, which is ironic.
States then can field hundreds of thousands of soldiers because of mandatory conscription and abject poverty. People were so poor that being in the army meant eating at least twice or thrice a day; so it doesn't take much coaxing to enlist men into the army. Although irregular, soldiers were also paid meager salaries and a share in the spoils.
Mongol, Western Liao and Jin Dynasty were derived from Liao Dynasty. In general Chinese history, nowadays, the Mongol's re-unification of China was regarded as the civil war of China, the later established Yuan Dynasty still using chinese empirical system by succeeding Western Liao, Jin, Western Xia and Song dynasty, chinese language was still the official language, Yuan Dynasty is an important chinese Dynasty, she made an excellent combination of chinese culture and normadic culture, importantlly, for the first time, Tibet was united into China. Based on the unification model established by Yuan Dynasty, in later 700 years, the Great China system （大中华体系） was continued in Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, Republic of China and today's People's Republic of China.
Beg to differ. What you stated is the official propaganda to consolidate the current multi ethnic country which mainly composed of Han ethnicity at the population of 92% or higher. But actually the notion of China in history was more cultural rather than geographical, referring to the adherence of Confucianism and sinicization. The so called “Yuan” dynasty or the mongols is a humiliation of Chinese history since it was fully conquered by an alien force that discarded Confucianism and Chinese language, while imposed a hierarchical society that placed Han people at the very bottom
I guess you may not chinese, cannot totally understand Chinese 's mentalities for unification (culturally and more), if you have time, staying and living in China for 3 years, then come back to tell me your feeling. It is the time for our 5000 years China teaching the world in the next decades. Please just wait and see.
@UC7B_y-cMhnHgWPcZoCMsCqQ the point I’m making is not to argue if western countries have biased views or try to provoke racial tensions in China. This is a way more complicated issue, if you take geo-political factors, partisanship and media propaganda into account. Rather, my point is, the notion of current China “中国” is actually proposed by 孙中山 after the collapse of Qing Dynasty. Before that, it is an academic consensus that China (in this case 华夏/中原) was a cultural norm to those who endorsed Confucianism and Chinese values. So arguably, Qing Dynasty, which also ruled by an ethnic minority group, is generally considered an integral part of Chinese history because of the sinicization process. Yet by any criteria, Yuan’s history was a humiliation in Chinese history, as Confucianism as well as traditional Chinese values and customs were not preserved during that era. I agree with you that the Opium War and the following 100 years have been a humiliation to Chinese history, but that doesn’t qualify Yuan to be a legit Chinese Dynasty
@@Gasolonfreestyle In the future, China will making expansion and take back outer Mongolia and more of our lost lands, so it is not very important to emphasis the intra-chinese dynasties' difference. Hopefully you can understanding my meaning.準備中華文明的復興和擴張 😄😉 Sui-Tang-(Song-Liao-Jin-Mongol)Yuan-Ming-Qing-ROC-PRC-Big China. The real humiliation is the Anglo-Saxons and Japanese invasion, We should never forget, one day we will let them pay for the debts.
@@rayleighs2840 when reviewing historical issues and discourses, we cannot use our current values and ideologies to judge upon wha happened in the past, that’s what most historians, including Chinese teachers would tell their students. From our current point of view, Yuan and the so called inner dynasties are Chinese domestic issues, as propagated by Chinese textbook and media, but assume China lost the second Sino-Japan War (1937-1945), the “successful” Japanese invasion would be considered “inner dynasties” in the mindset of people like you in the future, right? I’m a Chinese who was born in China and had been in the states for more than 10 years. Chinese domestic nationalism has somehow developed into a far right situation and I do hope it would not degrade into nazism and therefore cause World War III
This is the perfect example of how the enemy of your enemy isn't always your friend
You just need to know who the bigger enemy is
your friends until your enemies fall
before this, China allied with Jin to eliminate Liao. Jin was a friend (enemy of Liao), then became the biggest enemy. Almost identical story.
所以我们中国人的历史时刻提醒我们不要相信那些北方人
If it’s age of 3 kingdom, Son Quan would aid the Jin in fighting Mongolians, after defeating the Mongolian army, he would turn his back to fight the Jin with the weaker Mongolian troops. After Jin is done might face the Mongolian head on
It took great khans Genghis Khan, Ugodei Khan, Gayuk Khan , Mongke Khan and the last Kublai Khan (Nominal) various decades to conquer entire China using their military might. It shows how hard was to conquer China.
In total, these kings took 60 years to conquer all of China
中国防御工事非常强大，蒙古的分裂是因为Möngke Khan打中国四川的钓鱼城战死，一个强大的蒙古帝国就这样分裂了
China's fortifications were very strong. The Mongolian Empire was split because Möngke Khan was killed in the battle of Diaoyucheng in Sichuan, China. The powerful Mongolian Empire was split.
Given how many decades it took them to take China who was right next to them vs how easy it took them to breeze through to Central Asia-Europe really showed how strong China was.
however Song China had the weakest military...
It had talented generals, but the emporor limited them so bad
many times, Song China almost had a chance to take back lands but all oppotunities are lost
mongol was the tributary state of jin dynasty. jin basiclly bully mongol for long time until mongol united
@@bankrob9941 mongol wasn’t a thing before genghis khan, the Jin dynasty has minor tribes under them, but some how one man is able to unit all of it
@@bot01020 the Sima family who rule Jin for 1000 years was just causing Suffers for Xiongnu tribes(Mongol's also)untuk Main character born named Chingghis
Ehhh, Central asia just didn't have any centralised powers and its one of the least densely populated region of the world
Genghis Khan united the mongol tribes to protect Mongolia from outside threats. But he ended up making the biggest land empire in history.
Second great britian had the biggest
@@StandTallFortress i know in which britian still held the most land at its peak.
@@StandTallFortress take that back im wrong lol.
@@StandTallFortress British invaded almost every country in the world. They defeated the central powers, Napoleon and the Axis powers. They defeated the Dutch, Spain and Swedes. They also subdued India and china. Apart from all the technological and political innovations they brought. You must be crazy
@@michaelcooper9422 he said land empire not colonial empire.
If mongols failed in conquering Xixia then mongols would never have gained confidence to conquer other lands and therefore we wont have the largest continuous empire this huge
He likely still would've expanded into central asia and would've used that to attack the western xia from multiple angles repeatedly until they submitted. That kingdom was not destined to survive due to its poor geography.
I think if the Mongols did establish their empire, another group of people would have
@@Belioyt no
@Patrick Swan but mongols were an outlier. it’s not normal to conquer such a vast territory within 100 years during the middle ages
@Patrick Swan only british, russian empires can compare with the size of the mongol empire. the next largest empire, the qing, doesn’t even come close to half what the mongol empire ruled.
"Pride and excess bring disaster for man"
- Xunzi
Which man?
When we said the Mongol had 100 thousand armies, they really do have a hundred thousand armies that can fight. They settle camps anywhere they like and hunt the wild animals when they want to eat. When you said that the Chinese had 400 thousand armies, 80% of them are administrative, food transporters and units that do not fight. They bring and transport their own food to war. So it is only about 100 thousand armies that cannot fight as well as the Mongols.
不完全是这样吧(๑ت๑)
The Jin empire alone mobilised an army of a million (900,000 infantry and 100,000 cavalry) to fight against the mongols, but they were decimated by the mongols because of there superior mobility and tactics.
Numbers alone don't won wars.When the Mongols fought,they put an entire army ready to fight.
When the Jin called for war,the dressed as soldiers peasants and commoners.
Having the outfit of a warrior doesn't make you into a real soldier.
That's the difference.
We must also say that the Jon had a professional militia and army as well,but Mongola were simply stronger.
Mobility is another important thing. Actually Jin won many battles against the Mongols. But when Mongols lose, they can always retreat without big casualty. When Jin loses, they usually lose the entire army.
@@leitgongao6558 Ghengis Khan's mongols didn't lose any battles against the Jin. But they lost quite a number of battles against the Song.
The Rise of the Mongol Empire is one of the greatest conquests in human history.
Clearly you've never heard of Alexander the Great
@@t3rm715 and you surely you've never heard about Alexander the fake is not real lol
@@ASh-oe9hm the fuck does that even mean
@@t3rm715 Alexander the Great's conquests were meager compared to the Mongols. Alexander inherited a professional army, one of the first of its kind during the time period, from his father Phillip. Ghenghis Khan united the nomadic tribes of Mongolia, made them a professional army, and conquered a greater landmass.
Both did great things. Plus, both lived at different time periods. What does this mean? different technology, different military tactics that worked and things like that. Also I can’t believe I have to say this but Alexander the Great ONE HUNDRED PERCENT IS REAL..
@A Sh There are non-Greek, Babylonian texts mentioning him in Iran. Plus Zoroastrian texts as well. Stop being blinded by nationalism and take the time to look up facts. I get you love your country but you can’t deny an event happened, especially when people of that region at the time fighting Alexander are saying he was there.
The benefits of the Mongols conquering China are massive, they've got skilled Chinese engineers that can build siege weapon, gunpowder, large wealth and gained many talented/skillful people around China. Its like Britain when they finally conquered India, which played a big part in the empire
Britain conquered india with Indian banker money, same can't be said about the Mongols.
@@cs-mi8ur and then they used that money to buy indians to fight for them
@@mint8648 yes and the bankers profited greatly. Few of those families still have a large wealth though they maintain obscurity. Even in the 7 years war they loaned a huge amt to the British.
@@cs-mi8ur are the Indian currency at that time powerful compared to the British one?
@@mukhtarsyajaratun1025 gold and silver were the most valuable of any currency.Indian bankers were to the southern,central Asia and arab peninsula in 18th century what the rothschild were to Europe in the 19th century.
Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines, practiced every day.
Jim Rohn
Mongols had genius military leaders that was born from the harsh time that made them tough and hardy people.
That does make you a good general. They were good because they got promoted on quality and not inheritance
Yeah subutai is best general world history
@@clez2 why? Hamical went undefeated against the roman empire during the first punic war while being completely isolated, after the war he conquered Spain. His son spent 20 years isolated and unbeaten in Italy. Amongst other accomplishments. Oda nobunaga had some of world's most amazing victories, including beating a 30.000 strong army with a 3.000 strong army and he did it in an open battlefield. Or Fredrick from Prussia who fought Russia, Austria, France and a lot of minor nations at the same time being extremely outnumbered. Or prince Eugene of savoy, even Napoleon called him the best at some point. Or Charlemagne, "the father of europe" who basically created a massive empire covering half of Europe out of nothing. Or Saladin, the one who allowed islam to conquer half the world and who beat the Christian armies. Or tamerlane, who started from nothing, with a handful of men and he basically conquered all from nowdays turkey to the border of China. Or Maurice of nassau, he allowed a nation of 1.000.000 people to fight against the greatest empire at the moment, the Spanish empire. And they won after 80 years.
So many generals who can also be the greatest. And then we havent even covered Aztec or inca generals or some of the leading figures to fight colonists like Tecumseh.
Calling one the greatest is the definition of arrogance.
@@TheSuperhoden that is very true my friend. Spot on!
Note that Mongol swept through Asia to Europe in 10 years, yet at the time of Gengis Khan’s death, he could only conquer the smallest Kingdom of Xixia of China. The City of Xiang Yan stood in front of the Mongol seige for 10 years and the City of Diaoyu Shan was never captured. It was at Diaoyu Shan that Monge Khan was killed by the Song army. Mongolian conquest of China took more than seven decades of a deeply split country, and in nearly 50 years Mongols were fighting Song Dynasty. This illustrates the fact often neglected in Western history book: the East had been militarily more advanced than the West until the rise of the colonial empires. That was the reason why China defeated the Huns, and the Huns defeated Rome. And China conquered the Turks and the Turks defeated the Byzantines. But the table turned gradually in favor of the West since the 16th century, when different elements of the modern society was born in the West. In the end the modern society took over the Earth.
Thats not true. The Mongol empire tried to invade Europe but was pushed out because the Europeans were too powerful and advanced... They lost a whole army of 30k people against Croatia. Thats just one example. Go learn history. Also the Huns didnt defeat the Romans.. They had battles where yes the Romans did lose sometimes but the collapse of their empire was not because of the Huns. You have read too much propaganda
@@froglifes6829 wrong. Subutai defeated Europe and Russia with just a scouting army lol. Your European pope, france, byzantine used to send gifts to Mongol khan hence maintaining diplomacy. But after Mongol empire split up Mongols became weak hence came there defeat but in height of power Mongols were the strongest.
@@ttt9618 Go learn history. There is a reason why the Mongols couldnt make it to central or western Europe... Because they were not advanced or strong enough. Again over 30k mongols lost to Croats... You can say am wrong but you cant change history ;)
go back to school and study instead of being stupid. if the Mongols were strong in the first place the empire wouldnt split up.. The mongols stood no chance against Europeans. They could only make it to ukraine... Again go learn history.
@@ttt9618 The Venetian crossbow men and long bows of Central and western Europe were far more powerful and longer range than anything the Mongols had. They failed to conquire Europe because of this
@@froglifes6829 The Mongols did not go further into Europe because Gengis Khan died at He lan mountain in conquering Xixia, and the sons need to go back and elect the new great Khan. They did not go back because the weak resistance of the Europeans. Just go back and read how they sacked Kiev Russia and defeated Hungary. No real and serious history will say that the Mongol stopped because the Europeans pushed them back, despite the Europeans, especially the Hungarians fought bravely but got defeated. The second great Mongol expedition were called First Sons expedition. Again, the Egyptian Mamuluke victory, the only major victory against the Mongols was not the reason why the Mongols stopped. The Great Mongol Khan Monge was killed by Song firepower at Diaoyu Shan city. And Holaku khan was one of the candidates for the Great Khan and that was why he pulled army back to East Iran to seek the great khan position. Geghis Khan’s death in conquering Xiaxia and Monge Khan’s death in the war with Song were the reasons why the two Mongol western expedition stopped. By then, the Golden Horde Khandate was already at war with Holaku khan, and the Mongol civil war stopped the Mongols from further invasion into Europe. In the East, Diaoyu Shan city stood in front of the Mongol invaders for 36 years and did not fall. In comparison, the Western great cities usually fall in less than a week when facing a major invasion.
Mongolia is a historical accident. In 100 years, three powerful nomadic empires have emerged in the grasslands of northern China. The Han people (Song) lost the Great Wall and cavalry (horse-producing area) in continuous wars with them. After the rise of Mongolia, the army that concentrated in Arabia, Central Asia, and Europe destroyed Song in the war of attrition. (One city was besieged for forty years before surrendering). This is unique among nomads.
you got to admire just how impressive the Mongol army was
The Mongol Empire: "Knock knock."
Dai Viet: "Who's there?"
The Mongol Empire: "The mothertickling MONGOL EFFIN EMPIRE BEEATCH!"
Dai Viet: "Oh. It's you. Go away."
The Mongol Empire: "Are you DEAF!?"
Dai Viet: "No. Yu is blind."
The Mongol Empire: "I'm not blind. YOU blind!"
Dai Viet: "That is what I just said!"
The Mongol Empire: "You just said what!?"
Dai Viet: "Exactly."
The Mongol Empire: "All right, I'm tired of playing games! Prepare yourself to DIE!!!"
Dai Viet: "Can't say Dai Viet without 'die'.... oh... wait!"
The Mongol Empire: "You just jinxxed yourself, boi!"
Dai Viet: "Whatever. Come at me with your best shot."
The Mongol Empire: "My nerves are nervous from WRATH!" DIE!"
Dai Viet: "Haha! You died in a filthy SWAMP!" ... oh... wait!"
The Mongol Empire: "You got lucky thi time. NEXT TIME NOT!"
Dai Viet: "Blah blah blah. Get lost!"
The Mongol Empire: "I'm back!"
Dai Viet: "Ha! You died in a stinkin' cesspool swamp AGAIN!"
The Mongol Empire: "You have short-term memory. Stop dissing your country!"
Dai Viet: "I have hordes of mosquitoes. You cannot defeat me!"
The Mongol Empire: "Third time's a charm! OUr arrows will blot out the SUN TSU! See what I did there?"
Dai Viet: "No. I' told you I'm blind. Regardles, we shall fight in the SHADE!"
The Mongol Empire: "WAAAAAAAAAAA!!! WE DONE DIED A-GIN!!!!"
Tune in next episode for when the mothertickling Mongol EFFIN Empire knocks on Egypt's door!
@@scintillam_dei meanwhile Japan: typhoon go brr
They were impressive militarilly mainly due to them excepting help from other ppl in their war efforts .wana break chinese walls recruit chinese ppl, wana move to and invade russia ally with the local nomads, wana make siege on european castles get some turkish engineers to built trebuchets.
@@scintillam_dei lol
@@scintillam_dei Bro the Mongol Empire was a hollow shell of what it was when it tried taking Vietnam.
4- factors
Disadvantage #1-Mongols wore heavy fur and in humid swamps with mosquitos and disease, considering the fact they come from cold climate it didn’t work in their favor
Disadvantage #2-No clue of the region
Disadvantage #3- No Genghis Khan
Disadvantage #4- Mongol armies sent to Vietnam was only a small platoon and also shell of the what the empire once was
If any one of those disadvantage was never there Vietnam sandal warriors would have easily gotten steam rolled like a dumpling 😂
Imagine sending the armies of the Four Khanates during its might to Vietnam 😂
Lol Viets think they tough because God gave them an inhospitable regional advantage.
Viet: “We tough because of Jungle”
Wait what if you don’t have jungle then what?
Put a Viet on a flat plane of grass and let him fight a Mongolian, I wanna see who wins 😂
The Mongolian would use the Viet as his personal toothpick when he’s on his daily high protein diet
Mongolian would look like a bodybuilder and the Viet would look like a malnourished child 😂🤣🤣🤣
Actually, historic official documents showed the Song knew they should aid Jin instead of corporating with mongols but the Song people refused to do so after many years war. And who raised aidding Jin in the court were attacked by political opponents…which left Song no choice as Jin would be conquered by mongols anyway.
yes
Absolutely magnificent. Please don't stop making these amazing content :)
Interesting fact: When Kublai Khan was about to conquer the Southern Song Dynasty (China),he became emperor of China.And changed the Mongol Empire into the Yuan Dynasty, China.China has successfully survived in this way
That's just for the enslaved. Mongols didn't believe in this nonsense, as they ruled mostly from Mongolia. Bug apparently you do.
@@moozillamoo2109 But they did
Kublai Khan and the Yuan dynasty became so Chinese that they were rejected by the other Mongols
@@hiyukelavie2396 not rejected due to being too chinese but they backed different people in the civil war. And killing of Most of Oguudei lineage is what made Tului lineage or Khublai khan rejected by other Mongol khanate. if you read into the history of Chingis khaans 4 sons family it's so clear.
The mongols became Chinese in the End
@@smartwatcherss5718anyone who tried to conquer them did 😅
Nice going, Genghis! I bet that will last, a long time-
*COLLAPSES*
Glorious Leader Kim!
shutup kim
glorious leader posts glorious comment. Lol and Mongolia!
Longer than Alexander's
Did your sister allow you to write that
Mongols used Southern China against Northern China (Jurchens ) and when they succeeded they flip the script and used the North against the South. So basically the Chinese helped defeat each other. In fact during the wars , the Han Chinese banners who fought for the Mongols outnumbered the actual Mongols
You are right, the major commanders sent by Yuan to conquer Southern Song were northern Chinese and even some defected southern Chinese generals, like Zhang Hongfan, Shi Tianze, because China is a culturally diverse vast land and peoples do not have a common national identity.
@@XuerLi thank you ! And vice versa. The Southern Song helped the Mongols fight the “hated “ Jin dynasty in the North.
Chinese history is fascinating. I am also very intrigued by the struggle between the settled “civilized” Chinese and the a “barbarian” nomads (Mongols, Turks ) .
Greetings from Somalia 🇸🇴
divided and conquer
Northern China is not Jurchen just conquered by Jurchens. At that time Jurchens and Song are enemies. Song hated Jurchens more than the mongols and always try to take back its old home territory aka central plain.
Back then, people did not have a strong conception of race or ethnicity. Also contrary to popular perceptions, the Mongols were not particularly brutal towards the Chinese. Most deaths in China occurred due to famine and disease (Black Death) during the Yuan dynasty
The song Chinese fought well against the Mongols. Until the Mongols brought Trebuchet from the middle east to break their city walls at xiang yang. A major city on the Yangtze River.
lmao the chinese literally thought they could use the mongols to deal with their enemies and then just simply deal with the mongols later
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan
to be fair, Chinese deal with thr Mongols much better than many nations,
at least Song Dynasty managed to killed thr Mongol emperor Mongke Khan in Diaoyu siege, dute to his death, Great Mongol Empire splits into four Khanates,
@@Emilechen and one of that khagnates ruled over china, right?
@@Emilechen The Kanates exist since the creation of the Mongols empire. The Mongols split into different kingdom because of the push of Kublai khan against the elect Great Khan.
Shame on him!
@@alvaro701 To be fair, most folks would’ve done the same. Kublai Khan did most of the dirty work of conquest in China, and what did the elected khan do? Why would you freely hand over someone something you worked so hard for over night, right? You would most likely take what you and your men fought and died for and keep it.
You literally have no clue what you are talking about
china did fall to mogolian eventually, but it took them 48 years to conquest. There were none a single country could hold on a resist against the mongolian that long, most of them fell within 2 months
Just think, Khwarezmian Empire, was one of the strongest Empires at that time, with the cities of Urgench and Nishapur being some of the wealthiest cities of the world. But even with all that the Empire fell to the Mongols in three short years.
And this was based on the fact that China itself was in a state of division at that time. Otherwise, it would be impossible to be conquered so easily.
Korea held their own for around 40 years and they were way more weaker and poorer than China.
The only people to resist was Vietnam even the Mongols cut their losses
@@justinwillingale2086 Vietnam got a good geography location to resist the Mogols invasion that the mogol horse was really hard to adapt that area and all the mountains surrounding between China and vietnam...
The biggest part is a lots of Han army surrendered and joined Mongols troop. Mongols also used Chinese dynasty name YUAN (元) to be part of China.
it's crazy that the tiny Mongols were able to rule over such vast areas
Nice tale
@Ali Kılıç same
@Ali Kılıç It didn't last a century but yes, they were very impressive. Greeks are the best!
These weren't "tiny" Mongols. These were all "life-sized".
@@kerriwilson7732 ok karen
2:08
I already knew about this and learned from this already. The key advantage why the Mongols conquer China was they were disunited. And the Mongols came at a perfect time when China wasn't as one. Also China wasn't very strong at this point.
EDIT:
China has defeated the Mongols before just look at the Han-Xiongnu War 漢匈戰爭 in 133 BC.
Song China would never have entered an alliance with the Jurchen Jin again after the Rape of Jingkang.
China wasn't strong at this point. Lol!!
China was disunited yes, but they were far from weak. During the mongol invasion, The Jin Empire alone managed to raise an army, that outnumbered the mongols Ten to One.
Disunited or not, Mongols were outnumbered all the time. Just look at the battle of yehuling. 100k Mongol cavalry vs 1.4m Jin various troops and the great wall at their side.
Do you think Mongols are united? They are much more diverse than Chinese, but they know how to cooperate, not like Chinese.
@@beautifullife1881 Mongols are Chinese too. Lol.
Song : We have Mandate of Heaven
Jin : We have a lot princess and bribes
Xia : We have Xia Xia Xia...
Mongols : Good, we have Chinese Engineers, European engineers, Specialists technologies. Advanced!! XIA XIAXIA first...
Me : They did attack Xia Xia Xia LOL!!!
My heart breaks knowing how the little Song Emperor was thrown off the cliff to his death when the Mongols besieged their land... Much love to the Song Dynasty!
😂
The Song were just as barbaric as their Mongol enemies.
@@SamBrockmann they all have barbaric nature
Based on how weak Mongol is today, how brutal Mongol was when they conquered and slaughtered their enemies, and how well they are perceived by people 1000 years later. I have reached a conclusion. That is *end justify means, history only favour winners.*
China today is basically base on the Mongol n han assimilation
event a the peak of Mongol Empire,
Mongol warriors are powerful but thir economy in their homeland is still weak,
so in their empire, Mongolian steppe's economy get marginalized by other region,
once Mongol rulers and warriors lose and go back to heir homeland, thry will become poor agains, such is the question :s
@@gkdlmlnl7697 not really, Mongol Yan dynasty didn't stay longtime in Chinese core land,
That's because back then almost all men and boys between age 13 and 50 were trained and equited to fight. They all had horses, armor, spears, and most importantly bows. They lacked heavy infantry and most importantly engineers and skilled Smith's but China was weak and has always been willingy to serve anyone who sits on their imperial throne so when they rolled over so easily when the mongols invaded it provided the mongols with top quality enginees to build siege weapons, build siege works, build bridges, perform logistics, and it gave them Smith's to make top quality armor and weapons.
Mongolia went into the war with China as a half decent army with many weak points but China rolling over so easily gave them everything they needed to March across the continent.
Much like Rome during the western half of their empire collapsing; China was more focused on internal fighting then on external threats and it caused a global ripple.
Maybe because there was a lot of propaganda against them. The Mongols weren't worse than any Chinese Muslim or European Kingdom
Love that you covered this topic and such other topics.
The Mongols may not have ruled long, but they did rule over kings, queens, princes and princesses. The king of kings.
The Song's fear of their military wasn't unfounded. As this video stated, there was a real fear of rebellion and there was a huge number of chinese already defecting to the mongols which only fueled this paranoia.
Central Asian countries, Europe and India were vulnerable, China resisted Mongolia for 70 years, the emperor and ministers of the Song Dynasty committed suicide
why did you choose those portraits for western xia and jurchen jin? those are qing pictures
yeah this 'documentary' is poorly written. Try this list instead ua-cam.com/play/PLaBYW76inbX6rwW39kRuJ-DvG4hE7vEFC.html
Bunch of steppe nomads with bows and arrows took on nations which had 100 times their population, huge defensive cities, as well as early gunpowder weapons? The size of Mongols' balls! That feat was comparable to modern day Mongolia somehow defeating modern day Russia--impossibly amazing.
You realize that Mongol empire is a gun empire that can easily defeat and conquer Russia in a minute
Amazing how Russia is backward
And to think this can be traced to Western Xia's refusal to give the military aid to Genghis Khan when he was going to invade Central Asia. I wonder what will happened if they actually willing to become allies instead.
And if genghis died in childhood when his family was abandoned then his empire also wouldn't of been possible. Such is the butterfly effect...
He would have thanked him right before invading his lands , look how he treated the other Chinese allies
@@lordInquisitor It's so funny to me that everyone at the time was so eager to go to war as they each had their own plans of dominating the area. The khwarezm shah, the jurchen jin, the song, etc. What set the mongols out was that they were just better at it.
@@googane7755 well better as in they were masters of tactics that the other powers had little knowledge off . I would bet that the biggest factors in Mongol success was the horse archer , fear and the fact that the open plain is basically custom made for horses and horse riders
Genghis Khan will still invaded Jin. While Mongolia was not united, Jin raid the Mongol all the time. One of the Genghis Khan ancestor was murder by Jin. So Genghis Khan hate Jin and is determined to payback on what Jin done to his people.
It's crazy that such an old and massive civilisation was completely conquered by some nomads
well, it makes sense when that civilisation was divided on itself while the mongols took their time to conquer bits of territory AND the locals were supporting them AND the Song Dynasty and a weak army while being attaked on 3 sides. If china would have been united, the mongols would've never conquered them, and if the song dynasty wasn't so paranoid of its own army, they probably wouldv'e resisted longer and even survive until the inevitable collaspe of the Yuan Dynasty
Not some nomads, the strongest nomads in the whole human history.
@@sjohn1186 Follow by the jurchen Qing
@Regular dude on internet. but the vikings didn't create a massive continent wide empire
@@ephraimboateng5239 yes
8:00 Ah yes, Mongke
Mongke Khan was the recinarnation of a Chinese general. China conquered China. Not the Mongols. Genghis Khanwas the preincarnation of Mao Zedong, obviously.
Nice work totally but some mistakes:
1,the appearance of the king of Xia and JINN is wrong,the video showed the clothes and hairstyle of Qing dynasty,the last chinese dynasty.
2,the position of Xiangyang is wrong.
3,the last battle between Song and Mongol empire happened in Yashan ,not Yamen
No. One. Cares.
a really great topic to watch before using hui hui pao on song dynasty in Age of Empires 4
Happy Mongolic noises
Sad Tungusic, Sinitic and Tangut noises
Her yerdesin
@@herzeg4912 valla mı
@@papazataklaattiranimam and sad turkic noises
and Turkic shatuo song dynasty
Sinitic- Goryeo and Dali kingdom got vassal to mongol.
1.1. The Jin people were the female real people who lived in the Heilongjiang region, a fishing and herding civilization, and were a subordinate tribe of the Khitan (Liao) in the early days. These female real people were not from the Joseon region. Because today's Korea and Korea in fact belonged to the Three Korean tribes during the Tang Dynasty, they joined forces with the Tang Dynasty to fight against Goguryeo (the successor of Wei's Korea, a nation of local tribes and Yan exiles) eventually forming Silla, which is the ancestor of today's Koreans and Korean people.
2. Before the rise of the Mongols, it was the Turkic people, the enemies of the Tang Dynasty, who controlled the Mongolian plateau, but after Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, wiped out the Eastern Turkic and Western Turkic peoples, a vacuum period arose in the nomadic plateau region. This land was successively contested by the Hui falcons, the Shatuo Turks, the Dang Xiang Qiang (also the ancestors of the Western Xia), and the Khitan. The final victors were the Khitan, who established the Liao Kingdom, but the Khitan, who already controlled northern China, did not want to return to nomadic areas. The Mongols emerged from this process, and Genghis Khan's great-grandfather, Hepbul Khan, united the various tribes and gave rise to the concept of the Mongols. Hebure Khan defeated the Khitan several times, but was forced to submit due to the huge power gap between the two sides.
3. AD1236-AD1242, the Mongols attacked the then many principalities of Rus' and defeated their allied forces.
In AD1240-AD1241, this army led by Battuta, Speedy, Mongol, and Guiyu was divided into two groups and took amazing high speed maneuvers to surround and tempt the enemy deeper in the Battle of Legnica and the Battle of Tisza River to annihilate the main Hungarian and Polish armies. They also created false king's documents to deceive the nobles all over Hungary after attacking Hungary and occupying Pest and Bra.
In AD1242, the Mongols invaded the Second Bulgarian Empire and Bulgaria became a vassal state of Mongolia.
4. Genghis Khan died before defeating the Southern Song Dynasty, and AD 1258, the Mongol Khan Mongol died in the Battle of Diaoyu Castle. In fact, the Mongols' fighting power was the most amazing in this period. The unique geography of Vietnam can also be seen here indeed while the battle of Ilkhanate against Mamluk, which represents the rapid decline of Mongol fighting power, took place in AD1281.
It is important to mention here that the geography of the Vietnamese region and the strength of their resistance were equally impressive. AD 1257, AD 1284-AD 1288, the Mongol invasion of Vietnam, the Vietnamese Chen dynasty defeated the forces of the Yuan dynasty several times (this period saw a Mongol heir crisis after the death of Mongol, but at least nominally Kublai defeated the other contenders for the position of Mongol Khan, but except for The khanates outside Ilkhanate were not actually subservient. (At the same time he crowned himself Emperor of the Great Yuan.) . In war after war, the Yuan dynasty was surprised by the tenacity of Vietnam and began to increase its leverage. The Vietnamese Chen dynasty eventually became bitter at this endless invasion and was forced to choose to become a vassal state. The Mongols, on the other hand, turned their attention to Burma.
5. The Mongols are divided into many branches, the western Nai Mongols are Christian and followers of Nestorianism, while the eastern Muroves are descendants of the Xianbei people left over from the Han dynasty. The central and southern Mongols were under the command of Genghis Khan's Golden Family. The northern Mongols, on the other hand, were known to them as the Khalkha Mongols, and these northern Mongols were made up of tribes affiliated with the Mongols. This continues to this day, and since the secession of Mongolia from the Republic of China since World War II, their main population is the Khalkha Mongols.
6. We have to understand in any case that the rise of the Mongols in the 13th century was essentially a cataclysm. He was in no way inferior to the destruction of Arab civilization by the Turkic Ghulam, or to the destruction of Western Rome by the Huns and Goths and Vandals. Every civilization that resisted them should be proud of it.
Mongols were united. China was fragmented. Unity is true strength.
A glaring omission about the Mongols invading Europe and the Middle East first, acquiring engineers and technology from there to fight in China.
At that time, Europe's military and technology was just rubbish.
@@leogogo7041 ok lol
不！实际上是蒙古人掠夺走中国的工程师和武器，包括火药和枪炮，征服了西方世界。
Mongolia's rise is in the northern part of China, okay?
I am interested in how Mongols conquer Lhasa and how/if they fight in such high altitude?
No they didn't. Tibet surrendered before Mongols enter their land
@@6principlesforcartography61 nope Tibetans actually fought against Mongols. Mongols sent Turko-Mongolic soldiers to defeat them
@@sansan2591 It was a border conflict, yet the Tibetan Lamas realized the strength of Mongols and chose to surrender before Mongols reached the the inner land. They made a treaty in Liangzhou (modern Wuwei in Gansu Province), where the Tibetans agree to pay taxes and allow Mongols to field army in their land.
By the way, Lhasa was not the pollical center of Tibet though. It was Saskya, where the Pandita Lama lives. He was one of the religious leaders in Tibet. At that time, Tibet had been scattered into many small feudal lands and was not unified for centuries, with each feudal lords had only a few hundred soldiers.
Just like how Rome conquered Greece
How Rome conquered Greece? Im asking for real
@@dabome4001 By being allies with one greek city state and make them turn on another until they all were under Romes influence. Very simplified ofcourse.
Sad Hellenes
Also just like Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece, some Mongols adopted Chinese culture as well then formed the Yuan Dynasty.
@@GlaciaDay Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic and Para-Mongolic nomads adopted Sinitic culture who ruled China
Yeah, only took mongols 45 years to conquer southern song with help of Chinese military adviser and scarification of one khan, who’s death stop its army march further into Europe.
China's geographical location is relatively closed, and ancient Chinese believed that the world was composed of the Central Plains civilization world, northern nomadic peoples, southern tribes, and the distant West. Mongolia has played an important role in Chinese history and has always been a powerful opponent of the Central Plains dynasties
A nicely informative video. Details pretty well how the Mongols were able to do what they did.
Thanks for this video!
To be more accurate, the "Song" dynasty is considered the Han chinese state at the time, with the Jin dynasty being foreign invaders. So the video showed the conquest of people that were ancestors to manchurians, other northern central asian states and then "China" during the Song battles. The Song did not team up with mongolians to fight other Chinese states, they considered the Manchurians to be invaders and thought they would be able to gain more of their homeland back by teaming up with the Mongols, in which they did accomplish initially....
Yeah they were all considered foreigners by the Han Chinese which explains their unwillingness to co-operate and may have thought the Jin were just another barbarian state no different from the Mongols so the Song didn't care who they were screwing over.
Googane Your post reflects some deep stereotypes on the Han Chinese race. Keep in mind their country is being invaded by Manchurians and Mongols. There is no cooperation when your country is being invaded. Lol. They were making decisions based on what they feel is best to protect their country and Manchus arent chinese, that land isn’t theirs. Get it? Mongols promised (they lied) we’ll take our the manchurians and you’ll get your state back.
Alot of ancient civilizations thought of outsiders as barbarians just like Rome did of the Germans. Youre saying the han chinese were wrong for being invaded and not cooperating, lol. Funny stuff.
Yes, Song is Han Chinese state, but Yuan is not. And then Ming is Han Chinese state but Qing is not. So that you can undrstand why there were so many rebels from civilians after Ming dynasty fell down.
Divide and conquer. Classic.
How Mongols united Gobi steppe: Temujin exploited OngKhan of Keraits, his orth father's strength
How Mongols defeated Jin main force at Yehuling: Jin troops didn't use their advantage in numbers, too dispersed, HuShahu ran with his reinforcement
How XiLiao (Kara khitai) got annexed: Exploited internal conflict: Kuchalug overthrowal
Why Tangut populations are mostly wiped out: XiXia concubine bit off Temujin's genital...jk, they failed to aid Mongol with reinforcement on their Western conquest & Temujin's benefactor: Heda'An was killed by XiXia border guards
Why did Song's last stand fail? Chinese attacked by more surrendered Chinese
The most logical explanation of why the mongol can conquer chinese dynasty which have plenty of heavily fortified city is that the mongol is waging a war of attrition.
First, the mongol army (that consist mostly of lightly armored cavalry archer) can easily harrassed the chinese army while also avoiding pitched battle with the chinese army by doing hit and run tactic. The chinese army that have no answer to that will become demoralized and will seek shelter behind walled city to avoid being harrassed further.
Second, the mongol will pillage and loot the countryside and lightly fortified/defended city not only to obtain loot and food supply for themselves but also to drive/herd the mass populace to take shelter inside a walled city.
After that they just need to wait for those city that was overpopulated by the refugee to either starve themselves to death simply surrender. That would explain why a lot of city defender easily surenderred against the invader. Because by the time they open their gate to invite the masses their fate was sealed. Instead of the mongol they will face food shortages and the possible threat from starved soldier and civilian mutiny instead.
@Ali Kılıç "lack of true combat skill and physical stamina was their biggest weakness" - you must be high on drugs
@@leexingha What he said isnt completly false. China has relied on the fact that they have more men many times in history,and when it does not go their way countless of men die. Not to mention the Chinese were lacking combat experience and skill when fighting the Mongals.
@@froglifes6829 having more numbers in war is always an advantage exploited by anyone
@@leexingha Yes and do you know which country on Earth has had and has currently the most people? China even now exploits its people. Thats how China stays rich. But its not exploited by everyone. Thats where you are wrong.
Pretty much after the collapse of the xixia the mongols already have access to chinese ppl who are knowledgable in siege warfare. And after many chinese and proto-machu ppl defected from the jin, they had a substantial amount of infantry and siege engineers to back up their light calvalry and after the fall of Kaifeng, they have access to gunpowder. Arabic and european scholars at the time the ones to survive the mogols raids into europe staited that the mongols used 'greekfire' and 'chinese arrows' in their battles to burn anyone and everything in their way. Only castles on high up mountains were safe. The mongols were effective mainly due to them using the enemy against the enemy as they recruited almost anyone to fight with them from koreans to turks.
Tho they do have their short comings it took them 44 years to break Song defenses (the song lasted longer than anyone else) and they took the worse time to invade Japan, when the seas and weather was calm which is a sign a typhoon is coming ya know calm before the storm.
3:55 I guess that guy never heard of the concept of an existential threat 😂
They have Huge balls
2 bloods I love most Emperor Charlemagne and Genghis. 1 pinch of blood from them you become a emperor material. Although Babur got most of his domains from being the descendant of Amir Timur also his legit claim on India was to have Lahore which his ancestor Timur conquered, Babur got his real legitimancy from being the descendant of Genghis .
Exelent animation, thanks
Nicely explained.
8:36 Territory of Chaghatai khanate is wrong there, it was much bigger
Prove it.
@@SamBrockmann read "Tarkhi-I Rashidi"
When you had so many children that 16 million people are related to you:
*I am aware of the effect I have on human population*
those 16 Million people should start a new dynasty.
I cringe whenever I see the gay US of AIDS flag. See my video proving the US funds ISIS. The US should fall, and will, thank God.
I'm one of them.
Sending regards to my 16 mllion relatives and in counting!
In short ! The Chinese assisted mongols conquer their own nation.
As someone Who played total war medieval 2 i know why they were so formidable.
The Mongol empire probably is the largest empire in human history. No other empire has conquered so much land areas as the Mongols did. The closest to it probably is the Russian empire, which was also part of the Mongol empire in the thirteenth century.
The British Empire was bigger.
@@zyanego3170 The British had guns and fought aborigines with boomerangs and stone axes. The Mongols fought equal and more advanced civilizations. The British never had much success conquering anything in Europe even when fighting agains lesser European countries. The British were really good at piracy not so much at warring but against Australian aborigines and Eskimos they were great!
@@zuzudernegger9721 they did conquer more advanced civilizations like india, but only with banking money
@@zyanego3170 the British empire occupied 25%of the land areas of the earth. Mongol empire occupied at least 1/3 of the land areas of the earth.
@@userwsyz Wrong.
Basically the entire mongol army: bunch of dudes riding horses
And now China revenge to them historically when they took Inner Mongolia.
Except majority of china are illegitimate spawns of Temujin
Inner Mongolia is just a name, historically, 80% of Inner Mongolia territory belongs to Chinese.
@@yeshiyangzom8532 Which Chinese federal state (Inner Monglia is a federal state or autonomy province but which dinasty)? Which Chinese dinasty historically rule under Inner Mongolia and from which city? Are they declare as Mongol or Chinese?
Marko Croatia There is a mountain called “Yinshan” in Inner Mongolia, which is the real boarder between China and normad dynasty. You can still see the older Great Wall there.
@@limhock604 don't forget about India. Where majority are illegitimate spawns of Persian, Greeks, Arabs and Brits
There is a story passed down in my culture that back in the day we were forced out of our region in china. I believe that it might’ve have been khan or a descendent of khan
How mongol empire builded:
Mongol: we going to raid wes-
Turk: im in before u say it
- Mongol empire established -
Nice Video ^_^
Mongols invasion of Jin and Song is like the Eastern Version of Arab invasion of war torn Sassanid and Byzantium
Idk about that tbh
@@williamrobert9898 Jin and Song Dynasties were in War for Centuries.....both Dynasties can't cooperate when the Mongols Invaded..
The Mongols promised Song Alliance in exchange of helping attacking Jin..
But 40 years later the Mongols Still invaded Song .also Song Military are very Neglected by their Emperor
Im early yay love the videos and the lore learn more than i ever did in school
Q in chinese pinyin is not pronounced /k/ . Its closer to ch in english word "church". So Qin dynasty is pronounced like Chin, not Kin
Pinyin is dumb, or whatever that system is.
@@scintillam_dei agree. Cant be helped because China gonna chine, potato gotta potate
Qin is not easy to pronounce for whoese mother language is English.
No mention of many details. Though Mongols brought all China under one control, which would be very useful for coming Chinese Dynasties. Same as Mughals have done in India, a near relatives of Mongols. Babar the founder of Mughal empire was direct descendent of Genghis Khan, numerous spelling of his name, western and Muslims , since they became Muslims, so spelling of name.
The original story told & read of Mongols first penetration into China was very superhuman. The Mongols use to ride for 6 hours form their camping area to China , where they would shut gates of fortress on early warning system.
It was estimated that Mongols who ride horses bear, meaning without any seat or other cushioning material. The Chinese has estimated that it would take in such condition of riding Mongols 6 hours to come to gates of fortress.
The Mongols then did extra human fleet, they rode to their camps and return immediately back, thus riding continuously for 12 hours, and they took China with complete surprise .
In all history, except for post modern, where fire power is winning factor, in past it was often poor, tough people , who organised and became much feared invaders as Mongols and Mughals & other numerous horseback militia did as Golden Hordes etc. The Crimean much feared Muslim Turk militia, which kept Crimean a vessel state of Ottoman Empire.
.
Meanwhile Russia started growing at the mongols’expense
Muscovy using loan sharking tactics to unite Russia is one of the most underrated feats in history tbh.
Exactly, mogols did not stand a chance against European heavy calvelry. They did not even have knowledge of iron working.
@@giles4565 Facts say otherwise,
Mongols had Lamellar armor which is iron working.
battle of Legnica and Mohi proved Templar Knights, Teutonic Order and Hungarian heavy cavalry a failure against Mongols.
Death of Ogedei Khan saved Central Europe.
Subutai steamrolled Teutons in their steel heavy armor lol
Subutai freaking used Gunpowder weapons against the Europeans at Mohi ffs.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mohi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica
@@giles4565 hahahaha what ? read some history broo Mongols literally butcherd Poles and Hungarians.
@@giles4565 Please learn history. Mongols butchered the combined armies of Rus principalities of Russia at the Battle of Kalka River even though the mongols were outnumbered three to one.
They also massacred Poland's army at the Battle of Legnica. After the battle they captured and killed Henry The Pious (leader of the polish army) and displayed his severed head on a spike in the town of Legnica.
They also destroyed the Hungarian Army at the Battle Of Mohi. And massacred more than 500,000 of Hungary's civilian population, after King Bella fled.
Mongol was a great lesson that unification and unity among states could gain you support and freedom
But a funny thing is that, after mongols conquered China, they ruled Chinese in an inadvertent way, which provided more freedom than a despotism in many Chinese dynasties 🤣🤣🤣
In Song dynasty's China, the status of women were much lower than Mongolian society...
In Ming and Qing dynastie, people were not entitled to criticize the authority, but people could do this in Mongol's Yuan dynasty 😂
@@amaerukaoru Because the Mongolian royal family basically did not know how to govern an empire, they had never had the experience of ruling such a large country and people. Therefore, the Yuan Dynasty was essentially governed by the Han elites. The Mongolian royal family only needs to collect taxes on time. The Han officials who govern the country don't care what you say
China had better tech, but Mongols had better warriors and strategy.
@Cengez han actually, it was richest dynasty of China.it was also golden age for tech, like gunpowder，printing.Song dynasty fall because of corruption
+@Cengez han :
Are you for real? Pretty sure Gunpowder, Compass, Printing Press, and Paper. The 4 great inventions came from China.
Song emperors were all stupid except the founder and first 2 generations. Son Gaozong had a chance to restore the Song Empire and make it the most powerful song empire under his reign, because he had legendary Yue Fei as his military commander.
But then he is just a coward, scared that rescueing his daddy in Kaifeng city would mean the end of his reign. So after a victorious war by yue Fei he orders yue Fei to retreat. And made terms with enemy to negotiate peace by killing yue Fei.
He could have just pushed on the conquest, rescue his father( make his dad the imperial father) have title but no political power.
Emperor Gaozong of song could have wiped out Jin, then when Genghis comes, it would be 100k troops vs 1M+. Very difficult to fight.
I like song empire
Love you from india 🇮🇳
China had an emperor that didn't give a shit for ordinary peasants. That is why Mongols were able to get upper hand.
The secrets of only thousands of Mongolian nomads conquering country of millions such as China is in their nourishing good diet- meat and milk, which gave them good stamina, plus the harsh step climate coupled with extensive physical labour, such as horse riding since childhood.
How about liao? Dynasty? U didnt mention liao ?
at this time period, Liao don't exist no more
How Chinese cover Mongols conquering them
"Mongols were Chinese"
The Ming Empire destroyed the Mongolian Empire (Yuan Dynasty)
@@指鹿为马-s1h so?
they don’t cover
@@mint8648 there's a whole Inner Mongolia that China captured from Mongolia, also CCP claims Mongols are Chinese
@@joshua_here5849 they say mongols are one of 50 something ethnic groups of china
Sir, would you like to make video on Achaemenid Empire series after this Mongols Empire series, please Its my huge request...
Hello sir, are you Indian? I wonder why you are so interested in the Acheamenid? Peace from Iran.
@@babak-shah5005 Because I love Cyrus II and Darius I, Achaemenid Empire is one of the Greatest Empire all time, My favourite Ancient city was Persepolis which was build by non slave. because as you see the Cyrus cylinder which consider as first Human rights, they are done many beautiful projects like Royal road, second Jewish temple, Canal of the Pharaohs (Suez Canal) and many more..., its an Diversed Empire with Multicultures and with Multiple peoples. I love Achaemenids!!!
@@babak-shah5005 Yes, I am Indian. you?
@@LakshmiPraveenDiaries wow thats very nice that you know so much about my beautyfull country and history. I am from Iran sir. I want to visit the ruins of Persepolis. Since when are you intrested in Iran or Iran's history and how did that start? I am curious to know. Much respect
@@babak-shah5005 When I was research Great Empires and Cultures, Only Achaemenid Empire has Infuenced me. because you people have Greatest and Successful Administration and Religions.
Land:exist
Mongols: you know the rules and so do i
Water: Exit:
Mongols: WAAA! MOMMY! I DON'T WANT TO TAKE A BATH!
Remember to visit Mongolia before Mongolia visits YOU
China has learned the lessons of history, keeping China strong and united is the top priority today.
@Free Speech cringe
United under Satan the dragon isn't the answer.
The territories they consider Chinese and in need of being "united" is questionable. Today it is just used as a tool for aggression and expansion.
@@googane7755 Exactly.
Still PRC Vs ROC . And Chinese go around to provoke other countries. They have not learned much.
Kubilai was surprised as over than 60,000 Chinese Han actually joined his conquest to Southern Song. When Mongol occupied Song, the Han people celebrated it as they were subjected to heavy taxes and tortures from corrupt Song kingdom. Enriched by culture, wealth, and hardworking quality people, Kubilai declared himself as the Khan of Mongol and Emperor of China. Something that no other Mongol leader would do, as it mean the Khan has the same title as Emperor of China.
Similar with the Mongol, when Manchuria conquered China, the Chinese welcomed them due to suffering under Ming corruptions. The Manchu Emperor Kanghsi declared every provinces leaders to host grand feast, combining culinary of Han chinese and Manchu. Years later, the Manchu Emperor at peak of Manchuria golden age, Xianlong declared himself as reincarnation of Liubang, the Emperor of Han dynasty. As he heavily fell in love with Chinese culture, he announced to his close ministers that he often dreamed of Guangong (Chinese general turned into deity) came to protect him. He then promised to uphold his mission and brought China to be superpower of Asia, which he did as his conquest including part of modern Russia, present Mongolia republic, entire Korean peninsula, northern vietnam, and further west including part of kazhakstan.
I think this bit of history is, as you say, quite simplified, but ok. The bigger lack, maybe covered elsewhere? is that you didn't explain how the Mongols, also a collection of various tribal groups, were unified in the first place. They had been suppressed by the various Chinese dynasties for a few hundred years before they were able to effectively unite. This might be a good story as well. Further, how the FALL of this empire happened is another good story.
Chinese never surppressed the Mongols. The Chinese paid tributes to Mongols and their predessors for centuries.
@@protestantwarrior1516 nope they suppressed mongols. ambaghai khan was purged by jin.
@@QWERTY-gp8fd jurchens are not chinese. China was invaded by them.
@@protestantwarrior1516 Apparently the North Song dynasty was the dynasty in which China started pay tributes to Mongols and it in total lasted only two centuries.
@@protestantwarrior1516 The Qing Dynasty established by the Jurchen is the first country in Chinese history to call itself China. Historically speaking, the country name of China came from the Qing Dynasty, and modern China continues to use this country name, so the Jurchen is of course Chinese.
division weakens a nation
unity strengthens a nation.
The Chinese are undoubtedly the strongest in the world when it comes to resisting the Mongols.
china fell. countries like veitnam and japan actually resisted
@@SimakSantana True but they were facing a very different Mongol Empire, weakened by decades of being softened by 'civilsation', while China resisted a Mongol Empire at its military peak under legends like Subutai.
Mongols conquering China resulted in some historic implications there.
Mongols never fully conquered China, Yuan dynasty only had 89 years, (1271 to 1368), and the Chinese never gave up fight back. Ming dynasty quickly beat up Mongolians and took over.
If that's true, why did Ming dynasty emperor was kidnapped by Mongols during Tumu crisis.
@@protestantwarrior1516 Because it was different emperor and age ,duh!
@@fromfareast3070 Research Temu incident, and see how Ming dynasty failed with their border policies with Mongols.
@@protestantwarrior1516 Every Chinese knows Tumu incident. But if you take it as a proof of the Mongol's complete conquest to China then it's weird. Also, the emperor that was kidnapped during Tumu is an emperor ranked last 3 (not official, but by history amateurs) and he was kidnapped due to his own incompetence. It was true that the Ming dynasty did not completely defeat Mongolians, but it was also the fact that Ming dynasty kicked Mongolians out of land of Chinese.
Still 89 years they lost their empire by Mongols, oh, don't forget Qing dynasty after that 😅
Another observation is rarely any Chinese think Jin or Liao is China, but thinks Mongolian’s Yuan is. The fact is culturally and ethnically Jin and Liao is much more China than Yuan.
Then u don't understand China at all. The Liao and Jin never conquered Song so many Chinese wouldn't consider them as a rightful ruler of middle kingdom. Yuan conquered Song and started the Yuan dynasty using Chinese system Writing and so on makes Yuan the successor of Song.
You are not a Chinese who grew up in China, right? Most Chinese people agree that Liao and Jin are part of Chinese history.
Chinese learn a major lesson after this. No more small kingdoms fighting among themselves. Unify together or get conquered by a strong outside force. In WWII, the nationalist (Taiwan today) and Communist work together right away when Japan invaded even though they are super bitter enemies.
"Working together" may be a bit of a stretch seeing how the communists (indirectly) benefited from the Japanese incursion, as the bulk of the fighting was done by the nationalists (+ Japanese materiel seized by the communists/Soviets in northern China at the end of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War; the communist forces did not receive German/US/Soviet materiel support or training like the KMT did).
Frankly, Chinese republicanism (whether nationalist or communist) greatly benefited from Japanese aggression since the late 19th c. as the Qing dynasty lost its legitimacy to rule ("Mandate of Heaven"), stoking the fire of a republican revolution which eventually occurred in 1911. Heck, even Sun Yat-Sen was living in Japan in exile.
Was there a Chinese "united front" formed in the face of Japanese aggression? Sure, but mostly on paper. Chiang Kai Shek had to be coerced into halting aggression against communist forces.
Only front the Communist really fought at the time was the back side of the Nationalists. True traitors of the era.
@@TheJadedSkeptic The ruling party is not doing its job, so it blames the opposition for not protecting the country.
Next video should be about an island nation for #TeamSeas
No mention of the siege technology they imported from Europe? The siege tach that allowed them to conquer the most heavily fortified Song Strongholds?
What exactly?
A lot came from conquered Muslim territories especially Iraq
@@scintillam_dei Borrowed trebuchets from kingdom of Antioch
No! They already had siege engines and gunpowder weaponry after they sacked Beijing.
They get from Jin dynasty cannon and grenade
7:45 i read that in Oogway's voice lol
蒙哥died in battle of dianyucheng nowadays sichuan. Thats triggered fall of Mongol empire. If 蒙哥 didnt die, Europe will be swiped away.
Well that didn’t happen but European colonialism of China happened for several hundreds of years.
@@jamesray1439 They did? How come the Chinese are not speaking English like other colonies?
@@DucaTech are you drugs? Hong Kong until the 90’s was European colony, Taiwan is still ostensibly a colony. And there is no lack of English speakers in China.
@@jamesray1439 China not speak English bro😂, can you tell me anywhere in this world that there's no people can speak English？
Diaoyucheng not dianyucheng. My home town, toasted fish is famous, welcome to travel.
In fact, every dynasty in China has repaired the Great Wall and sent troops to confront northern nomadic tribes, which lasted for thousands of years. Until the Song Dynasty saw a turning point, allowing Mongolia to unify the grasslands and become a powerful warlord spanning across Europe and Asia. At that time, the Song Dynasty accumulated thousands of years of money and technology, which were used by the Mongols to conquer the continent, which is ironic.
We can't blame China why they hate most other countries nowadays. They went through a lot in the past though
China also destroy a lot of countries and people. Original china wasnt that big. Even southern china wasnt originally chinese. Search bai yue people.
It's America made other countries people hate China, not Chinese hate other countries
States then can field hundreds of thousands of soldiers because of mandatory conscription and abject poverty. People were so poor that being in the army meant eating at least twice or thrice a day; so it doesn't take much coaxing to enlist men into the army. Although irregular, soldiers were also paid meager salaries and a share in the spoils.
Mongol, Western Liao and Jin Dynasty were derived from Liao Dynasty. In general Chinese history, nowadays, the Mongol's re-unification of China was regarded as the civil war of China, the later established Yuan Dynasty still using chinese empirical system by succeeding Western Liao, Jin, Western Xia and Song dynasty, chinese language was still the official language, Yuan Dynasty is an important chinese Dynasty, she made an excellent combination of chinese culture and normadic culture, importantlly, for the first time, Tibet was united into China. Based on the unification model established by Yuan Dynasty, in later 700 years, the Great China system （大中华体系） was continued in Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, Republic of China and today's People's Republic of China.
Beg to differ. What you stated is the official propaganda to consolidate the current multi ethnic country which mainly composed of Han ethnicity at the population of 92% or higher. But actually the notion of China in history was more cultural rather than geographical, referring to the adherence of Confucianism and sinicization. The so called “Yuan” dynasty or the mongols is a humiliation of Chinese history since it was fully conquered by an alien force that discarded Confucianism and Chinese language, while imposed a hierarchical society that placed Han people at the very bottom
I guess you may not chinese, cannot totally understand Chinese 's mentalities for unification (culturally and more), if you have time, staying and living in China for 3 years, then come back to tell me your feeling. It is the time for our 5000 years China teaching the world in the next decades. Please just wait and see.
@UC7B_y-cMhnHgWPcZoCMsCqQ the point I’m making is not to argue if western countries have biased views or try to provoke racial tensions in China. This is a way more complicated issue, if you take geo-political factors, partisanship and media propaganda into account. Rather, my point is, the notion of current China “中国” is actually proposed by 孙中山 after the collapse of Qing Dynasty. Before that, it is an academic consensus that China (in this case 华夏/中原) was a cultural norm to those who endorsed Confucianism and Chinese values. So arguably, Qing Dynasty, which also ruled by an ethnic minority group, is generally considered an integral part of Chinese history because of the sinicization process. Yet by any criteria, Yuan’s history was a humiliation in Chinese history, as Confucianism as well as traditional Chinese values and customs were not preserved during that era. I agree with you that the Opium War and the following 100 years have been a humiliation to Chinese history, but that doesn’t qualify Yuan to be a legit Chinese Dynasty
@@Gasolonfreestyle In the future, China will making expansion and take back outer Mongolia and more of our lost lands, so it is not very important to emphasis the intra-chinese dynasties' difference. Hopefully you can understanding my meaning.準備中華文明的復興和擴張 😄😉 Sui-Tang-(Song-Liao-Jin-Mongol)Yuan-Ming-Qing-ROC-PRC-Big China. The real humiliation is the Anglo-Saxons and Japanese invasion, We should never forget, one day we will let them pay for the debts.
@@rayleighs2840 when reviewing historical issues and discourses, we cannot use our current values and ideologies to judge upon wha happened in the past, that’s what most historians, including Chinese teachers would tell their students. From our current point of view, Yuan and the so called inner dynasties are Chinese domestic issues, as propagated by Chinese textbook and media, but assume China lost the second Sino-Japan War (1937-1945), the “successful” Japanese invasion would be considered “inner dynasties” in the mindset of people like you in the future, right? I’m a Chinese who was born in China and had been in the states for more than 10 years. Chinese domestic nationalism has somehow developed into a far right situation and I do hope it would not degrade into nazism and therefore cause World War III