WHY THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT WAS PRODUCED IN THE CHERNOBYL PLANT ANIMATION
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- Опубліковано 18 вер 2024
- WHY THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT WAS PRODUCED IN THE CHERNOBYL PLANT ANIMATION
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Disabling warnings and continuing the test, solid plan.
As I read, that warning signal had a very bad desing and it has been constantly showing danger when they touched the pumps, even there wasn't real danger. They turned it off in the thought what they do is safe
"Everything is fine *sips tea*"
And don't forget the "less experienced" night shift!
Come on this ain't rocket science.
Yep
Thank you mr diatilov(sp) . Typical communist party member.
This is a much better explanation than the "big" channels.
Damn right.
Uruguay always coming in clutch
@@javo5807 Does this mean that my clutch is lubricated by Uruguayan semen?
@@sjaakvkoten6061 well.... if a clutch is lubricated.... its going to slip
which is bad....
Wholly agreed. I've been trying to figure out why the graphite on the tip of the control rods made it explode and this video allowed me to finally figure it out
The best explaination video I stumbled upon. Simple but detailed enough - not oversimplified. Too bad, it is not very popular.
Right. I've been trying to figure out why the graphite on the tip of the control rods made it explode and this video allowed me to finally figure it out
alot of the videos forget to tell about the reactor poisoning with xenon gas
100% I finally get it!
Perfect
I was just about to comment this. Seen a few. This one is the best.
88 dislikes by Dyatlov and his alt accounts
And the KGB! ;)
Oh, i see that you saw HBO's Chernobyl but didn't realize that he dead at 13 December 1995.
This video is Not Great, Not Terrible
He did not die, just got a chest xray... 😂
Dyatlov at the toilet when the reactor exploded.. he did not know
From what I recall they were planning to start the test at 200 MW. Normally the test was to be done at 700. The reactor power drop didn't appear to be lowered only to 500 before the reactor stalled. It would appear they got down to 200, and then it stalled down to around 30 MW. The rest was fairly accurate as they began to pull out the rods and everything went haywire after this point.
They didn't realize there was a hot-spot forming in the core due to the position of the sensors. By the time the readings actually started to show up, they did hit the SCRAM switch. The rods like you described had graphite tips (which I have no idea why they did this), but they also did not enter the reactor very rapidly -- this was a problem and the shape of the tips also displaced coolant. The combination produced an unexpectedly massive spike in power.
The reactor is more unstable the more steam is present which produces a positive feedback effect, and the reactor was extremely dangerous in this configuration. The last recorded reading was around 33000-34000 MW which is over 10 times the normal output. It's not clear if this reading was before the first explosion or the second. The shattering of the fuel rods prevented further insertion of the control rods which would have simply jammed against them.
I'm not sure exactly when the energy level reached 100 times normal -- I don't know if it was during the insertion of the control-rods, or after the fuel rods shattered
From what I could find, they tipped the boron control rods with graphite because otherwise it caused some parasitic loss when retracted. There was never supposed to be less than 30 rods in at any given time. The spike in energy level was when all of the control rods came down at once during the SCRAM. All that extra graphite entered at the same time, and when the steam pockets formed the water is no longer able to dissipate heat. This creates a self sustaining worsening, they call it a positive void coefficient. Western pressurized reactors just use water as the moderator, the RBMK reactors used water AND graphite. So if the water boiled off in a typical pressurized water reactor, then the reaction would slow (negative void coefficient), but in the RBMK if the water boils off there is still graphite so the reaction will continue with less cooling, and with less cooling make more steam, and the cycle gets worse and worse.
No, they weren't planning to start the test at 200MW. The plan was to start the test at 700MW, but the reactor began to lose power rapidly from reactor poisoning due to the reactor not being given sufficient time to power down. Chernobyl was going to start powering down early in the day on April 25th, before the day shift came in, but they were asked to remain at full power because another reactor near Kiev went offline and Chernobyl was required to provide the power needs, so when the time came for the experiment they had to power down the reactor rapidly before the night shift came in.
To late mate whatever you try to explain the event still it happened
@@commanderrussels2612 do you know why they were allowed to be retracted to the point the graphate tips would be out of the reactor?
İf their max retracted pozition was like 1:30 in this video(instead of 2:00), power wouldn't spike when they were reinserted. Am I wrong?
Dyatlov should have been used as a control Rod in another power plant
he would make a terrible control rod. the nucleotides would just pass straight through him instead of being absorbed like a control rod is supposed to do
Slandora Paralex or they could simply cover his head with graphite
Dyatlov wasn't the villain that the show portrayed him like. Just like the rest of operators, he didn't know the core was poorly designed nor that it was on a Xenon pit. He also was well aware that the core exploded, he helped to fight fires in the turbine hall and personally went to look for Khodemchuk at the pump room, that's where he absorbed most of his dose. He had his fault innthe accident, but not like the series showed, the soviet state just used him as a scapegoat to keep their hands clean and sweep their own dirt under the rug.
@@wilberts.cubero3629 you are correct comrade everyone else is delusional
You fuckin pleb scrub m8
I've been told it's equivalent of a Chest X-ray
Anyone who tells you otherwise is delusion and should be taken to the infirmary.
Zotac 1060 6GB Not great, but not terrible
It's always the night shifters fault 🤣
This was an awesome video and exactly what I was looking for. The animation was simple, but worked well. The disaster events were also explained well through a step-by-step process. I hope the creator updates this video now the the HBO Chernobyl series is popular, possibly with pictures of an actual core and actual fuel rods. This video should really be more popular. It's a pity that I have seen other videos with really good animation, but with a very poor explanation that have double the likes. Please update the video and continue delivering good content.
I will take into account everything you tell me and I will try to improve the animation, a million thanks and best regards
I also loved this video more than the others. Seemed so accurate without deviating to other subjects with no importance just to be able to monetize it more. I also hope you get more views. Maybe a new thumbnail with something related to the HBO series? Although it was this thumbnail which brought me here hehehe
Loved how you explained how the graphite tips at the control rods made the power spike. This was the explanation I was looking for
I am here because of Chernobyl on HBO. I read few articles, watched few videos, but this is the only one, that explained everything i need.
The poisoning of the rods was one of the key facts left out. Thats why there was a “sudden drop” in power and thats also why it took awhile before suddenly shooting up
Great explanation! I've been fascinated with Chernobyl ever since I learned about the elephant's foot years ago.. I never really delved into why it happened until the HBO series came out. I never knew about the test conditions, why they removed the control rods, or the reasons for the explosions.. If I had seen this video 3 weeks ago, I wouldn't have needed to spend all those hours reading articles on the internet!
Outstanding work! This deserves 10000x more likes.
Russian nuclear reactors work like a machine designed in Russia to slice apples in 4
@@another_german
Still better than in two.
Russia ? Soviet Union don't exist or what ...
Serko Russia still existed during the Soviet times, it was just one of the many states that made up the union.
@@GhostRider659 no Befor Soviet union existing Russian Empire and Russia is a copy name of Kiev Rus for edit Ukrainien culture . Russian Federation is actually .The big tartaria was renemed Russia but it's a joke country .
@@Alexei55555 Well, regardless of whether you think it's an accurate name, there was a Russian SSR during the soviet times, so it probably isn't wrong to speak of something distinctly Russian even in those times (provided that reactor was actually designed/built in the Russian SSR)
Homer Simpson was in charge at that time...
That would be safer. Homer would be sleeping and the automatic system would turn the reactor in a safer mode.
Dyatlov was fighting the reactor to death.
He was I was on the toilet
The only way the get 1.21 jigawatts with RBMK1000... VTEC kicked in yo.
VANOS failure
Lol funny thing is, when the graphite at the ends of the control rods was inserted, the power out put shot up to about 30,000 MW, which is 30 GW. So yeah, they could have just gone back in time and stopped it lol.
You mean: the diesel generators? LOL! As a matter of fact: it took 40 seconds for the diesel generators to kick in! That's why the explosions happened!
@@Beun007 The diesels has not much to do with the explosion, the fission was unstable because they produced at low energy state and poisoned the reactor with Xenon Gas. When the power felt to 30 MW, they decided to increase and start the test. The only way to start a poisoned reactor was to remove the rest of control rods. This caused a hotspot in the lower 1/3 in the reactor and generated lots of steam. The sensors failed to detect, only there was a "normal" drum separator alarm. Steam introduced voids in the water part of the moderator (graphite+water) and the reactor started to double the power in every second (positive void coefficient), they pushed the AZ5, it's not clear it was part of the test or they realized the emergency, but the Scram increased the power to ~30000mw (VTEC kicked in yo) due to design mistakes with the control rods. This was to much and blew up the reactor upper and lower biological shield. Without this maybe they would survive the test, because the damaged fuel channels are not big deal with RMBK until it not affect the cooling. But when it exploded there was nothing, just the worst civilian catastrophe in nuclear history.
Kick you in the face - yo
Good explanation really helpful ....... thanks
Who's here from the HBO show?
FutureMartian97 thank god i was born in America Russia keep taking Lz
@@eddie323la Haha man, if you think one is better than the other... it's just who covers up better ;)
@@J0lker tru
Me
That's nothing to be proud of since most of the HBO viewers are lobotomized and only capable of spewing memes.
First mistake was that the operators reduced the power down to 30MW (1%) regardless that the procedure specified that this
should never be below 700MW (20%) because here the RMBK-1000 reactor becomes unstable (positive void coefficient becomes dominant).
Second mistake it was that they decided to withdraw the controlling rods(this was Anatoly Dyatlov's order,so the operators
can be excused).I assume that leaving the bars down finally the reactors shuts down and none of following happens.
At that moment when the rods were completely removed(h 1:00:00)and the power slightly increased to 200MW the reactor was
already unstable.From this point the chain reaction started and all the actions made did nothing but creating more
instability.It is possible that when removing the rods, a low pressure was created at the bottom of the reactor and this
made the water to boil (cavity effect).Steam made by the boiling water reduces the absorption of neutrons which increase the
nuclear fission which creates more heat which creates more steam (positive feedback).
Continuing with the mistakes, the operators disables many safety mechanism controls and as a final mistake they shut down
the steam to the turbine, which shuts down the water pumps,leaving the reactor without cooling water.
This however was useless because the chain reaction was impossible to stop:even if they did not turn off the steam,the water
pumps continuing to pump water in the core,the heat from reactor will produce more steam whatsoever.So basically with or
without cooling water,the reactor was impossible to be stopped.
On the top of this they lowered again the bars and for some reason the graphite tips from the rods (altought they were fall
down faster than 0.4m/s) put the last drop on the fatal ignition scheme.
The russian officials claim that all this happened because the faulty design of the controlling rods, which were shorter than should be.
Consider that prior the Chernobyl disaster were more than 10 incidents at russian NPP, from which they learn and do nothing.
First mistake was probably plant design....
After studying subject for several days, it is clear to me that operators actions wasn't the main cause of the disaster. Reactor has some design flaws and it was easier to officials to blame several operators rather than huge reactor design and production companies (whole ministries in soviet union)
@@Desert-Father Agreed...And the very worst part of all this? No containment building...Lol.... Only idiots would design a Nuclear power plant and its reactors without a structure to contain an explosion.... No worries people, we'll let the reactors blow their guts all over the parking lot, and then over the top of 14 countries. Assholes....
In Soviet Union, reactor heats up you!
The operators were aware that the reactor was unstable at such a low power level, and even brought up the issue to the senior engineer in charge of the test. The engineer essentially browbeat them into continuing on.
Many important informations are missing in this video. I am sure this would boost the video length but some things shouldn't be left out.
The graphite "tips" on the control rods for example. The graphic doesn't show that the control rods are also surrounded by water. The rods are made of boron which works as a kind of a break (neutron poison) and stops the chain reaction between the uranium rods. Water in bigger amounts does the same. It absorbs the neutrons. If you pull out the boron control rods, the space between the uranium is filled with water. You'd replace a neutron poison with another neutron poison. So the tip of the rod is made of graphite which enhances the chain reaction. The reactor can be controlled way better this way.
Another important information is why the reactor "somehow" went down to 30 MW. That "somehow" was because of the big amount of xenon inside the reactor. The fission of uranium produces big amounts iodine which after around 6 hours decays into xenon. xenon is a strong neutron poison and throttles down the reaction. The working shift the day before had tho encrease the power to the max of 3200MW and produced huge amounts of iodine. The iodine decayed and alot of xenon was waiting in the reactor block. The fission of uranium does burn off xenon though but there was a lot of xenon. The next shift which executed the test didn't know this. With the cooling water, the boron rods and the xenon there was so much neutron poisoning that the reactor went down to 30MW.
The workers paniced, pulled out all but 8 control rods, the xenon burned off, the cooling water got hotter and hotter and changed from a neutron poison into a moderator (due to steam voids) and the power skyrocketed. Workers paniced again and pushed the SCRAM button which lowers ALL control rods slowly (within 18 seconds) into the reactor block. Remember the graphite tips? They went in first and boosted the chain reaction further. The uranium got hotter and stretched the cylinders in which they were in and jammed the control rods exactly at the worst position. BOOM!
Oh and it is very well clear what happened next. Due to the imense heat 5-6 of the zirconium jacked uranium cylinders cracked open and instantly evaporated all the water and produced an unbelievably high pressure and the reactor blew up.
Little fun fact: on top of the reactor was a 2000t steel plate which was blown about 1km up in the air. It was 10 seconds airborne. Go out and throw a tennis ball into the air and count how many seconds it takes to come back. Bout 2-3 seconds? Imagine the power it would take for you to throw that ball 10 seconds up in the air. And then try to imagine what power it takes to lift a 2000t steel plate for 10 secs...
1.36 it was the xenon gas accumulation that stalled the reactor as shown in the series
Not SO Fast There said, there were prosecutions: "The head of the Chernobyl nuclear power station at the time of the world's worst nuclear power accident and two of its aids were sentenced today to 10 years in a labor camp, the maximum possible in After the three-week trial, most of it closed, three other officials received shorter labor camp terms, The trial was held in Chernobyl, 11 miles southeast of the plant, Those receiving 10-year sentences were Viktor P. Bryukhanov, who was plant director, Nikolai M. Fomin, chief engineer, and Mr. Fomin's deputy, Anatoly S. Dyatlov. " Dyatlov and Brykhanov only served half their sentences and were released "due to ill health". In addition, Valery Legasov hanged himself out of guilt and grief. I would highly recommend the British adaptation of the incident which covers Legasov's story
Inerciauruguay hey yo no entendí porque el grafito actuó así con el combustible...o porque tenían las puntas de ese material ( ya se que era más barato).
@@bavenhen00 La punta de las barras de grafito de aquel tipo tenía otro fallo de diseño que hacía que desplazaran parte del refrigerante al entrar en el núcleo. El reactor 3 se sobrecalentó y explotó, reventando la tapa y liberando masivas cantidades de material radioactivo. Pronto la siguió una segunda explosión. Las investigaciones aseguran que la primera explosión la causó la presión del vapor. La segunda no está tan clara, pero se cree que la provocó el hidrógeno acumulado en el reactor o incluso de nuevo el vapor.
@@bavenhen00 Es muy simple. Tienes una barra de fierro caliente que ya evaporo parte del agua. Luego para detener la reaccion metes las barras de boro que deberia enfriar el tubo. Pero primero entro el grafito que no hace nada. El grafito mientras entraba empujo hacia abajo el agua que quedaba sin evaporar, entonces el tubo caliente ya no tenia nada de agua alrededor y se calento mucho mas rapido, evaporando toda el agua que quedaba alli al instante y hace volar la tapa del nucleo. La tapa fue la que salio volando y no otras partes de la tuberia porque todo ese aumento de presion fue al instante en el nucleo.
great video, the main part that is left out that started everything was the reactor running at half power for 10 hrs creating xenon gas and poisoning itself and stalling the reactor
Finally a detailed explanation.
"the unknown effect" was actually melting together both the fuel rods and the control rods, causing the total meltdown and so steam pressure and so the explosions!
You forgot to mention that the reason for the experiment was to determine if the turbines could provide power to the coolant pumps during a power outage until the emergency backup diesel generators revved up to full power so they could take over running the pumps, which would take about 60 seconds. That 60 second gap between the time of a power outage and the time the backup generators could get up to full power was the entire reason for the turbine test in the first place.
I've never heard if they had a back-up plan. What if the answer to the question was "no"? What if the turbines could not adequately power the coolant pumps until the generators revved up? What were they supposed to do then? I think the answer was, "watch the plant explode and catch fire and melt down."
@@ThirtyNineWinks Well, that's what the previous three tests were for, and they all failed. Chernobyl wasn't just a failure, it was a complete cluster screw up. So the answer is, if the turbines can't generate enough power to keep the coolant pumps working as the turbines wind down, and until the backup generators reach full power, then you'd better design the core more efficiently so it can last those 60 seconds in case of a power outage.
@Charlie K The backup diesel generators actually took only 15 seconds to start up, but they needed 60 to 75 seconds to attain full speed in order to reach the 5.5‑megawatt (MW) output required to run one main cooling pump.
@@ThirtyNineWinks the answer to the question was no. They had done this test three times before and it never worked.
They had no back up plan.
What could go wrong lol
@@ThirtyNineWinks So I think that this graphic is a little misleading in that it depicts the graphite tips of the control rods already overlapping/inline with the fuel rods. The control rods would probably be up higher so that no horizontal line from one fuel rod to another would intersect these tips. The graphite from my understanding helps encourage fission by slowing down escaping neutrons from one fuel rod and making them more likely to collide with atoms in neighboring fuel rods. My understanding is that the control rods, with the exception of the tip, as the video described were made of a material that would absorb or otherwise prevent escaping neutrons from colliding with adjacent fuel rods, thus slowing the reaction.
In the event that the backup system could not power the cooling system, they would have had the ability to lower the fuel rods partially or entirely to slow or kill the reaction. Under normal operation, these rods wouldn't be fully retracted to begin with, but always partially inserted as needed to maintain the reaction / power output. From my understanding it is a PITA to restart a nuclear reactor after it has been completely shut down. The problem was, like the video described, they ran the reactor too low of an output for the test which risked the fission reaction halting/shutting down. Thus to prevent this they completely removed most of the rods to encourage more neutron collisions / increase the reaction.
When, as the video described, the operators realized the reaction was out of control, they tried to emergency halt the reaction by lowering all the control rods. At this point it was probably already too late given how the cooling system was already compromised / full of steam. However, with all the control rods previously having been removed and now all being inserted at the same time, the first parts of the control rods (graphite) all lined up with the fuel rods in unison. This supposedly is what caused a massive spike in the fission reaction. If the control rods were as depicted (already inline with the fuel rods), the graphite tips would have already been accounted for in the reaction, thus lowering the control rods would not cause a spike in output.
Well you Explained it well, I was expecting another Lousey answer, Good Job
Otherwise I had to do the Explaining
3.23 with subs: a steam explosion first blew off the lid of the reactor (applause)
This is an amazing and understandable video. Thank you for sharing.
Thank you. Most videos don't explain exactly why/how the explosion occured
"The RBMK design was built primarily to be powerful, quick to build and easy to maintain. Full physical containment structures for each reactor would have more than doubled the cost and construction time of each plant, and since the design had been certified by the Soviet nuclear science ministry as inherently safe when operated within established parameters the Soviet authorities assumed proper adherence to doctrine by workers would make any accident impossible." I guess no one ever heard of the Titanic over there.
Academician Alexandrov (head of the RBMK design team) argued that the re is so safe that it can be built even in the Kremlin. And in addition, it is also very cheap, all materials and parts can be produced at ordinary machine-building plants. And it was assumed that he is able to work on cheap low-enriched uranium. In fact, they took the usual production reactor to produce weapons-grade plutonium, increased it 10 times, slightly changed the regimes - and called it RBMK.
But they did not take into account the fact that, due to its gigantic size, the reactor turned out to be poorly controlled, and with nuances that were not understood during development.
Dyatlov: I was on the toilet!!!
The first explosion is from dyatlov's toilet because in the evening he ate a taco
@@infroma6745
And some baked beans to go along with it.
I just watched a UC Berkeley professor explain it, and then this video. This video wins handily in the explanation.
Finally an explanation as to what happened. Thanks for this.
It’s not 3 roentgen. It’s 15000.
Not great not terrible
Why am I addicted to all nuclear reactor related videos!! May be after Chernobyl TV series.. that is a pure art..
I got addicted to all nuclear related articles and videos two years back when I happened to read abt uranium in a science text book and now it is the series.
Ignore warning systems and pull out all control rods...
OUTSTANDING MOVE
the HBO explanation is the best and more accurate
the video I was looking for thanks...
The only omission was the fact that the RBMK has a positive temperature coefficient of reactivity. That it why the power kept dropping at low levels and why it dramatically increased when the rods were withdrawn.
for less scientific people.... (aka didnt pay attention in high school physics and chemistry.... and thought "history is stupid because its old")
positive temp coefficient = when the temp goes up....so does the chain reaction
AKA....more heat..... more reactions.... which leads to more heat...which leads to more reactions....ETC till explosion)
almost ALL other reactors IN THE WORLD have a negative temp coefficient
if it gets too hot.... it starts to cool down (by slowing the chain reaction)
AKA.... letting off the gas pedal too quickly makes your car go faster.... and faster..... and faster....
till the engine blows up
Don't forget those positive void coefficients....silly Russians....
there are a few mistakes in the physics behind the explanation ..but it's a better video than what you might find
(the vid is from 2000s i think)
In Chernobyl they even didn't have proper containment building, they made it only after the accident. RBMK reactors are not in use anymore.
Thank you for the explanation, Coleco.
I thought the power spiked before the control rods were fully inserted. Then the fuel channels broke apart and the control rods could not be inserted any further.
as Ukrainian/Russian native speaking, I can say that I have watched to UA-cam interviews of Dyatlov, Boris Stolyarchuk and other engineers who were there that night.
Long story short, they were saying that the same reason for failing was flaws of the RBMK reactor.
RBMK reactor was poorly engineered.
@@mog404 why did Dyatlov insist on doing this test and go against the higher ups? Did Dyatlov know about the instability of the reactor the positive void coefficient? What was his reasoning? Did the Russian authorities know about this positive void coefficient and sweep it under the rug?
@@mog404 yeah dyaylov was a scumbag that night and it got ppl killed. Still, this wouldn't have happened if the rbmk wasn't so poorly designed to begin with. A graphite moderator? Lol, everyone else in the world was using the coolant water as the moderator, only the Soviets had to get fancy and the graphite (and lack of containment building which is beyond stupid) ultimately made this as big as it was. Still dyatlov could have stopped at any point and prevented this whole mess.
@@yougosquishnow why were they using graphite for a moderator anyways?
@@bernardocantu77 Water moderated reactors need BIG pressure wessels. Channel type reactors like the RBMK using many small pressure wessels. Every single fuel rod was put in a high grade steel tube with water around, and connected to the common lines under and over the core. This design made possible to separate them from the other channels, and refill the fuel without shutting down the whole reactor. So tere is no lenghty downtime during refuel, and no size limit for the core to increase efficenty. But garphite. Yes, graphite has known disadvantages, like the positive void coefficient, and the designers made security systems to avoid that. But god know why, they made these systems overridable. The RBMK type reactor not entirerly faulty design, and can be used with proper cautions. Sadly Dyatlov was an idiot.
The second thing, what was made the decision to make these channel type reactors at the first place is to save money.
Millitay reactors used to manufacture plutonium expensive, and wasn't really good to make electricity. To make high quality plutonium, you cannot keep the fuel rods too long in the zone, because extended neutron radiation make the product spoiled with other plutonium isotopes unusable for the bomb. But you dont have to shut down the whole reactor to remove the plutonium if ou use this type. RBMK was the solution to make a high power civilian reactor, and use it for millitary purpouses.
And they gave it to ill educated personel to operate. Also KGB redacting vital information. Cogito, ergo, boom.
@@bernardocantu77
Light water needs volume, and this needs a big and expensive pressure vessel.
Heavy water is good but really expensive to use it in a massive reactor like this.
Graphite is cheap, and you can use small and cheap pressure vessels.
See my other comment above for more.
The great thing about this video is that it shows the animation with a voice over, and not the face of a dude while you're trying to picture all the bullshit they're talking. Thanks for this, like others said, the most understandable explanation.
This is the best explanation I’ve seen of what went wrong.
So basically they were over revving the cold reactor XD
Got into the xenon pit, and pulled a bunch of control rods trying to climb out of it, so...basically, yeah. :)
It's over 9000!
...I'll show myself out.
It is not 3.6 - it's 15000.
I just don't get why they removed all of the control rods when the power was low. The logical thing is to remove some of them. Also couldn't they just remove the rods a bit, wait to see what the power is and proceed accordingly? Can someone who understands this explain the reasoning?
Lenghty explanation ahead: According to the Wikipedia article the plant had to run a rather long period on less than full power. This led to the build-up of 135-Xenon from the reaction, a noble gas that "poisons" reactors, because it catches slow neutrons that are needed for the nuclear reaction. Fast neutrons don't do a thing there.
When the operators lowered the power even further for the test or by mistake to 30 MW, the build-up of 135-xenon increased even further, poisoning the reactor further and lowering the output further. After a while, when the operators noticed the mistake of a reactor at a far too low level, they tried to increase the power by lifting far too many the control rods at once completely, so the only thing controlling the reactor was the non intentional and depleting 135-Xe, leading to a slow, then faster becoming rise in activity.
And that was one of the biggest mistakes. When they shut down the water supply for the test, the increased output due to the steam bubbles increased also the depletion rate of 135-Xe adding even more power and reactivity, so two effects (steam and Xe depletion) increased the output.
So when the power went through the roof, all of the control rods were lowered at once, the reactor became self sustaining due to the increase of activity caused by the graphite tips, rendering the control rods entirely useless. And a self sustaining reactor (without any control!) does not know any limits, hence the well known events...
@@CoatiRoux
The operational procedures of RBMK reactors never allowed to fully remove control rods. But they did.
Best line from the movie
"Every lie incurs a debt to the truth..."
Soviet obsession with sneaking hiding and secrecy created that disaster
The complacency of the control room management might not have existed had they been aware of design flaws in the reactor that the KGB chose to classify
Blame does little to solve a problem, but if you look up the chain of command,eventually the perpetrator becomes obvious and in this case,it was Big Brother
Very nicely done. One detail, Dyatlov decided to alter the test and run the reactor at 200MW, a power band in which it became very unstable. Everything seemed to have gone wrong in this test, at every level. A few years before, a similar test was run aat another plant, nearly the same low power instability of the reactor design was seen but ignored. The RBMK design was highly flawed, together with mismanagement, gross negligence and hubris, the rest became prologue.
3:00
"What does the scouter say about its power level, Vegita?"
"It's OVER 9000!!!"
Well, that explains a lot :)
This was the best explanation i have found so far and explained the moving of the fuel rods which i didn't get till now thanks :)
This video is a mixed bag. It does help simplify the events to make them easy to understand, but at the cost of important information, such as the xenon build up in the core.
When you build a BWR design and do not understand the dynamics of this Reactor and you got Vodka Cowboys running something like this. It's a mixture for a fatal end. I used to work at a Power Plant. Sorry not to slam the Russians but let's look at TEPCO now. WHY would you build a Nuclear Power Plant seaward to the Pacific being on the Pacific Rim? Build the damn plant on the other side of the Island not to keep your fly wide open to Tidal Waves. Like America were I live. The California Nuclear Plant "Diablo Canyon" another Engineering Nightmare. Rest easy the plant was Decommisioned years ago. Research it. Oh by the way that was a good down to Earth explaination for people that do not understand this. Cool deal.
Honestly the only critical problem with Fukushima plant was that the emergency reactors were placed too low. They got flooded and couldn't cool the core anymore. Would've been just fine if they were positioned higher that overflow sea level, despite the flooding.
Craig Chaney I know who was the senior chief engineer demanding the test at low power if you want to know like the comment
Both Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters were caused by emergency cooling failures. AGR reactors were the only type that could likely survive complete cooling failure.
No, because stupid enginers do 'energy independend cooler' control by electric valves! Awesome design. System can cool reactor quite long and probably forever if somebody else added small emergency turbine with generator (actually switched off reactor powers about 10Mw ! quite enough for any control system) And second thing they do 'water round' under reactor for cooling but nobody thought how to cool this thing also, 'just trying to save some $$'
I'm not a native speaker. What does it prove?
You completely forgot to mention the Xenon poisoning which occurs after lowering reactor power below a certain level or shutting it off completely.
After Xenon poisoning has occurred, it’s not possible to restart the reactor normally which is why they pulled way too many control rods, even control rods that are never supposed to be removed.
What they did would have most likely damaged any type of reactor if they managed to pull all control rods.
Very simplistic and to-the-point. I like it.
Good video!
This video severely over-simplifies what happened to the point of inaccuracies. Here's a few:
1. When the power of the reactor stabilized at 30 it was, essentially shut off. The 30 megawatts being generated was simply reactor decay. (A nuclear reactor takes a while for reactivity to go down)
2. Xenon was present in the core. At the moment they were down to 30 megawatts they should have officially shut down for 24 hours to allow the xenon to dissipate from the core. Xenon is the best neutron absorber and will severely inhibit nuclear reactivity preventing the reactor from producing controllable power!
3. The control rods were not "tipped" with graphite. Below the control rods were "displacement rods". These rods are made of graphite by design. Their purpose was to displace the water in the control rod tubes to increase fission in the reactor. Think of the boron control rod as a break, and the displacement rod as the gas.
Excellent video! Thanks!
Decent but I need to point out: The automatic system or the operators were not to blame for the stall, it was the accumulation of Xe which poisoned the core. The operators were at fault when they raised all the rods, violating poison protocols, they should have waited for the Xe to decay since it has a short half-life.
poor explanation with out mentioning of nuclear reaction components at all, processes and nuclear reactions (and its compounds) inside the core
Good for people who wants to now the basics of it
So, the lack of proper cooling flow, the accumulation of steam in the core and the sudden drop of the control rods provoke the catastrophe we all know.
You've just listed the effects of the real cause - human errors. And multiple of them. From one of the comments below: Chris Hawley
Chris Hawley
3 months ago
The officer that administered the test ignored the safety protocol despite the objections of the operators. The operators were under threat of dismissal for disobeying their superior. This is a fact.
It is empirical to say that the less experienced operators must be paired with highly experienced operators to maintain safety. Today, many nations don't know how safe the nuclear reactor is than the fossil fuels but their instict and mindset doesn't alow them to pursue nuclear reactor because of that acciedent.
Finally some video that makes sense. The other rubbish somehow has much more views.
In Soviet Russia, graphite writes with you...
You didn't see graphite...
Best and more clear explanation, thanks!
so, they didnt follow safety procedures, and caused a catastrophic explosion that spewed radiation. safety procedures, no matter when, or where, are to be followed, they are not suggestions, they are someone telling you to do something, or get injured/killed. some times it a small burn, sometimes it spewing radioactive material all over people and causing years of damage, and a blob of radioactive material that we cant do anything with.
Great vid, keep up the good work
Fed up of comments like, “you here after hbo series?”. Who the fuck cares?
Forgot to mention xenon buildup.
thumbs up for the "steam explosion" at 3:20
Looks an explanation prepared by my boy for his science project
False, Russian reactors don't explode.
The night shift, for the most part, knew about the test parameters but were forced into doing the test anyways by an idiot in charge. Most orders were followed under protest. It was something that never should have/ would have happened with a different man in charge. However, it did happen, the best we can do is learn from it.
This video has many mistakes and half-truths.
Scott Manley's video isn't much harder to understand if at all, and much more accurate and informational.
Water flow is shown wrong, water which flows in reactor is radio active and it should not be mixed with turbine water, radio active water should stay inside the reactor forever...coolant water and feed water should not be mixed
But isn't it the same water in closed loop? You know that you can cool water that leaves turbine.
what you say is another design, not RBMK
the cause of the sudden drop from 500 - 30MW was caused by Xenon poisoning, beacuse the reactor was running half the power for a full day
if they got rid of the xenon beforehand, none of that wouldve maybe not happened
Who is here after the Chernobyl tv series?
Good explanation 👍
Small flaw in your explanation. Its not graphite blocks but fuel elements that caused un controllable fission
Aww here we go with the damn computer voice
The night crew was not less experienced. The two operators warned the chief engineer multiple times that the reactor was not designed to operate below certain wattage. They were told to proses with the test anyway or to lose their jobs. Do your research before putting sh*t on UA-cam...
"Less experienced night shift" AKA drunk
@@artruisjoew5473 Thats exactly what I would say if I was drunk on the job and let a reactor melt down.
WTH?!
BEST WAY OF EXPLANATION FOR LAYMEN
They thought they can just e stop it safely, but didn't know that e stop button was actually a detonate button secretly modded by their enemy during designing of the reactor.
They pushed that reactor to the limit, that is why this happened. Human factor.
excellent video
the man who was in charge didnt see trough the whole process
his knowledge wasnt sufficient to realizing what happening actually
the real responsible people who let him work by himself
just for comparison, chernobyle reactor was at least 10 times larger than fukushima
so the disaster occured was also way larger scale
there were many graphitemoderated reactor around the world, so technology was a working model
we can only hoping it never happens again
1986 ?
I always thought that the big bang was 13.8 billion years ago !
best explaination
Great explosion animation at 3:20 !! The soundeffect is just amazing!
Actually it's not worse that many sound effects in contemporary games, not to mention cinema movies. They may have higher bitrate but sound designers rape realism to oblivion these days.
Sounds like a worn out old gay dude cutting a huge fart.
Thanks for the informative video.
basically did everything possible to blow it up
Chernobyl wa a man mistake and negligence. After they switched off the reactor by mistake they should call it a day, but no they had to do test and disable safety systems because of their leader huge ego.
finally understand after watching many videos of nuclear reactor
Thanks for the explanation.
03:10 This video says what exactly happened is not clear. Are there drawings of the construction what made it possible to let all the steam escape in case of emergency? Maybe it is better to rest the past but maybe it was a fault in maintenance, failur of the operator, failur in the design or an attack, one big experiment or just bad luck. I think the newest models of nuclear fusions are designed better with the highest safety protocols. Salute to all the heros who died while trying to put out the fire after the explosion. People are ungrateful. These heros didn't cause the problem and they only completed their tasks. Payed the highest price for it. In the west no news of the heros who died. Only news about the bad sovjet union. What a shame.