And I do like that he talked about the Q factor. People often gets the notion that Alpha radiation is next to harmless as even paper can stop that type of radiation. But the reality is that this type of radiation is the one you should be the most careful about. Radon is so scary because it is a Alpha emitting gas. (Beyond the fact that the decay chain can also produce some nasty elements)
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons. Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
I' ve looked into lots of videos about radiation but this video is the most informative and easiest to understand so far. Thank you so much for your great efforts.
In the Nuclear Navy we had a saying, "You have 4 cookies. One cookie is made of alpha particles. A second is made of beta particles. A third is made of gamma rays. And the forth is made of neutrons. Which cookie do you eat? Which cookie do you hold in your hand? Which cookie do you put in your pocket? And which cookie do you throw away?" This was test knowledge of dangers of the various types of ionizing radiation. The answer is, "You hold the alpha cookie in your hand, the dead skin cells will stop the radiation. You put the beta cookie in your pocket, your clothes will stop the radiation. You eat the gamma cookie, the extreme majority of it will fly away before it can interact with the cells of your body. And finally, you throw away the neutron cookie, they have enough energy to penetrate into your body and cause harm simply by slamming the atoms in your cells."
They use the same radiation poreoof materisl they used when they landed mens on th emoons. Cotton with a light coatings o flkean and irons-copper malloys. Thanslkm Yous!
I LOVE this man. His sense of humour and mannerisms crack me up every.single.time. Great videos with superb to-the-point presentation. You have become my favourite Physics channel!
@Strelok Not trying to fuck up the joke but the dead protective layer of your skin stops a vast majority of them so only extremely high alpha emitters in prolonged close contact can pose serious but localized harm, same thing if you inhale except you need less material because everything the Alpha particle will hit is living thus exposing you to constant damage to living tissue.
I've worked in a nuclear power plant. I had to learn all of what was mentioned in this video, and more, before starting. Craziest job I've ever had by far. I have seen nuclear fuel rods get moved from the reactor to the spent fuel pool, and the new ones added. One of the coolest things was to see what happens when a particle moves faster than the speed of light (in the medium of water). They used a steel tube to remove the rods from the reactor, and you could see how far in the tube the rod was by the blue glow on the outside of the steel tube. It was relatively safe to work there. Per my dosimeter I only received an extra 100 mrem. For those who don't know the average person receives about 550-650 mrem a year from background radiation. On the final day of work before you could leave the facility you had to stand in a machine that checks for internal contamination. If one ate a banana during lunch that day there would be enough radiation in the potassium to set off the machine. The bad thing about that is they wont let you leave with, what has to be assumed as, their radioactive particle. Anyway, I love your videos! Keep them coming.
Excellent presentation, thank you to Dr. Lincoln and the Fermi Labs for producing these videos - these are great refreshers for older engineers like me. Peace be with you, Ciao, L (FoMoCo Engineering)
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons. Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
Thank you, doctor. I’m taking a hazmat class right now and we’re on radiation. I found your explanation of the different types of radiation to be the easiest to understand so far.
I'm guessing the sources used in order are: Americium-241, Strontium-90, Cesium-137, and Californium-252 (stored in that big polyethylene moderator). The 1st is a Ludlum model 43-92 alpha scintillation detector (Zinc Sulfide: Silver-activated). The 2nd is a gas-filled Eberline HP-210 Geiger-Muller tube. I'm not sure what the next two detectors are, but probably a beta/gamma gas-filled G-M tube and a proton recoil neutron scintillation counter.
Thanks greatly for this video. I got to work with Milt Finger and Don Kennedy at the old Lawrence Livermore Labs on various ballistics and dirty bomb threats. We came up with new types of shielding for gamma and neutron radiation,at lower cost,weight, and less toxicity than lead.
Could you talk about electromagnetics ?- some of us are amateur radio operators (Hams) and would love to hear some discussion . Perhaps some talk about antenna theory ?
Very well explained sir, thank you... 1. what is the example of neutron decay ?.. how is it used by humans? 2. when it is said slow or fast neutrons, what is the demarkation for slow and fast ?
I would have liked to see what types of shielding DON'T work against different types of radiation. For example, paper stops alpha rays, but see how it doesn't stop beta rays. A thin metal plate stops beta rays, but...
Aluminum or beryllium foil will stop an alpha particle but will kick off neutrons, also alpha particles can induce fission which releases neutron and gamma
Dr. Don...So glad you showed Zilla...and gave a nod to the Sci-Fi comics...many of us grew up in the 1950's when we had real Science Fairs in Jr. High. Many of us read Sci-Fi comics..especially "Journey Into Space" with Adam Strange. Inside, there was always the "Scien-ti-fact" strip which explained something cool, like the aberration of Starlight. Thanks to those comics and "Mr. Wizard" we learned lot. Some of us are so daft, we're still waiting for "Gamera Rays" to be charted from our favorite Rocket Turtle. Love your presentations.. wish you had been our physics teacher in High School. Peace from TX.
Please do a video on Medical Physics and the use of various radiations used for medical purposes (Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiations), little bit of the role of medical physicist, and the diseases which are cured by radiation. What are radiopharmaceuticals ? What measures should one take if we have a spill of radioactive material in a hospital. Etc.
"How does it happen so that only two protons + two neutrons get emitted?" - two protons + two neutrons are alpha particle. connections between nucleons IN alpha particle are more strongly than connections between alpha particles IN atom core.
there are situations where protons can be emitted, but this is much rarer because free protons actually have a lot of free energy, alpha particles are more stable.
They feel more comfortable that way, so when a nucleus wants to shed mass, it tends to do that in whole alpha particles rather than in separate protons and neutrons. By "more comfortable" meaning "there's a greater increase in entropy because less energy is left condensed in nuclei".
Alpha particles are quite massive and positively charged (+2). It's a much more stable mode of decay for heavier elements. Heavy elements consist of many more neutrons than protons, and alpha decay becomes the more dominant mode of decay for heavy elements.
I think I understand your question. Since with other types of decay energy is also released, so why not this time. Well, I believe energy is released, but it's minor. . . . electromagnetic energy in the range of heat, light or radio waves, but nothing with more energy like x-rays or gamma rays.
This explains why modern nuclear reactors have a core of Brazil Nuts. As a general rule of thumb, if a Brazil Nut can see 12 other nuts, the core will go critical and so control rods are used to ensure that for optimal power generation and control purposes the nut line of sight factor is reduced to between 6 and 7.
Question: If a neutron gets stopped by hydrogen nuclei (in any kind of matrix (concrete, plastic etc). and that nuclei "knocks them out". First, what do you mean by "knock them out". Out of what? (since the hydrogen nuclei is just a proton. or a deuterium nuclei.)Next question: why wouldn't the neutron hit any other kind of nucleus ?? .. Doc: Thanks for a great video! this was cool !
I love to study radioactivity! I have loads of sources. Uranium, Thorium, Radium-226, Strontium-90, Cesium-137, Cobalt-60, Krypton-85, Lead-210, Americium-241, Americium-241/Beryllium neutron sources, X-ray tubes, etc. It's a great subject to study! Always have a Geiger Counter and/or a scintillation counter!
KarbineKyle. You do have proper licenses. I pray. You must or the feds would be knocking. We were only able to get Promethium from Russia back 25 years. Any new sources? Been retired for a while.
Excellent video. Can you make another video explains what happens to the mass and energy in nuclear radiation? For example what happens tot he He nuclei when it hits the piece of paper or your skin. Does the paper weigh more as in the weight of a He nucleus? Do the paper now have a He atom embedded in the paper of does it bounce off after losing all of it’s energy? Does it just float away into space because it is so light>. As the He nucleus travels through the air toward the target won’t is try and grab 2 electrons and become change neutral? Or when it hits the paper target does it grab 2 electrons from the paper thus ionizing the paper? Please we need more videos like these. They are wonderful.
A subject that interests me greatly is the difference in nuclear radiation in latent residency, or how long a city remains radioactive after a nuclear event. I have read that nuclear power plants, like Chernobyl, have an extended radiation threat over many years as opposed to the relatively short half life or latent residency radiation from uranium and plutonium radiation from atomic weapons, such as Hiroshima, and Nagasaki.
The Q factors were actually opposite of what I thought I knew. "Oh, it's just alpha radiation. I can stop that with a sheet of paper!" Thanks for setting me straight. I am curious why alpha radiation is exactly two protons and two neutrons. Why aren't there more or less of either?
I have a conceptual question. In space, alpha particles are so high energy they can go straight through thick shielding. Theoretically, if we are eventually able to achieve light-speed, we would then become the fast moving thing colliding with stationary particles. If we traveled through a helium cloud at light speed, our DNA and other cell structures would be shredded. A stationary helium cloud would become alpha particles relative to the fast moving human--how much shielding would be required to survive? How many other molecules then become ionizing and penetrate shielding at light speed?
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons. Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
The AdS/CFT wants to have a word with you Ninja and Locutus. To quote wikipedia: "[The AdS/CFT correspondence] represents a major advance in our understanding of string theory and quantum gravity... and is the most successful realization of the holographic principle, ..." Basically, the entire formulation of the correspondence depends on the holographic principle.
Clear... concise... well presented and informative. Great video as usual.
And I do like that he talked about the Q factor. People often gets the notion that Alpha radiation is next to harmless as even paper can stop that type of radiation. But the reality is that this type of radiation is the one you should be the most careful about. Radon is so scary because it is a Alpha emitting gas. (Beyond the fact that the decay chain can also produce some nasty elements)
Yep
Only thing missing was Imagine Dragons' "Radioactive" at the credits. :)
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons.
Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
Radiation gives you superpowers in comics and cancer in real life :)
Unless you get radiation therapy 😜
Or both if ur deadpool
Superpowers in death, perhaps...
yep... kinda depressing
That's what they want you to believe
HBOs Chernobyl series just gave radiation videos on UA-cam a spike in their views 😅
Lmao
V86 i just came from Chernobyl
Too bad it was so full of BAD science.
Rich any examples?
@@the_musiccellar How about electronic disruption caused by radiation?
But its just 3.6 roentgn
Not great, not terrible
@Strelok COMRADE MY HAIR AND SKIN IS FALLING OFF!!
You don't see it because its not there!!!!!!!
This man is delusional.
It's not 3.6, it's 15000
I' ve looked into lots of videos about radiation but this video is the most informative and easiest to understand so far. Thank you so much for your great efforts.
In the Nuclear Navy we had a saying, "You have 4 cookies. One cookie is made of alpha particles. A second is made of beta particles. A third is made of gamma rays. And the forth is made of neutrons. Which cookie do you eat? Which cookie do you hold in your hand? Which cookie do you put in your pocket? And which cookie do you throw away?" This was test knowledge of dangers of the various types of ionizing radiation. The answer is, "You hold the alpha cookie in your hand, the dead skin cells will stop the radiation. You put the beta cookie in your pocket, your clothes will stop the radiation. You eat the gamma cookie, the extreme majority of it will fly away before it can interact with the cells of your body. And finally, you throw away the neutron cookie, they have enough energy to penetrate into your body and cause harm simply by slamming the atoms in your cells."
Fermilab: "The technician doing the demos was not in an danger."
Technician: "I'm 23 years old and had a full head of hair last week!"
Fermilab: "The technician doing the demos was not in an danger." Technician: (wags friendly his tail)
Technician : "we did everything right"
Also he didn't mention that the technician is actually a Japanese woman.
Its only 3.6 roentgen. Not great, not terrible.
They use the same radiation poreoof materisl they used when they landed mens on th emoons. Cotton with a light coatings o flkean and irons-copper malloys. Thanslkm Yous!
Oh my goodness, thank you for including neutron radiation! No one ever talks about it! This has been so informative
4:18 am and you learn something new every day 😂
Dr Lincoln never fails to keep me hooked on his lectures. great educator
I LOVE this man. His sense of humour and mannerisms crack me up every.single.time.
Great videos with superb to-the-point presentation.
You have become my favourite Physics channel!
Nerd
He is a man of culture too 😅
This was such a great video for a non-physicists who wanted to know the summary of types of radiation.
Clear and to the point.
Don, I love your videos. Don't ever stop making them!
God bless people like Doctor Lincoln.
when you are the alpha radiation and have to be 20 times more dangerous to keep your status
@Strelok Not trying to fuck up the joke but the dead protective layer of your skin stops a vast majority of them so only extremely high alpha emitters in prolonged close contact can pose serious but localized harm, same thing if you inhale except you need less material because everything the Alpha particle will hit is living thus exposing you to constant damage to living tissue.
@@volka2199 In what situation or scenario we will inhale alpha particles ?
@@user-mfsc-2024 as was said in the video, radioactive dust, for example.
I've worked in a nuclear power plant. I had to learn all of what was mentioned in this video, and more, before starting. Craziest job I've ever had by far. I have seen nuclear fuel rods get moved from the reactor to the spent fuel pool, and the new ones added. One of the coolest things was to see what happens when a particle moves faster than the speed of light (in the medium of water). They used a steel tube to remove the rods from the reactor, and you could see how far in the tube the rod was by the blue glow on the outside of the steel tube. It was relatively safe to work there. Per my dosimeter I only received an extra 100 mrem. For those who don't know the average person receives about 550-650 mrem a year from background radiation. On the final day of work before you could leave the facility you had to stand in a machine that checks for internal contamination. If one ate a banana during lunch that day there would be enough radiation in the potassium to set off the machine. The bad thing about that is they wont let you leave with, what has to be assumed as, their radioactive particle. Anyway, I love your videos! Keep them coming.
Didnt knew you could work in a NPP at the age of 14
The Most underrated channel on youtube!
Dr.Don Lincoln is great and should be appreciated by everyone~
Excellent presentation, thank you to Dr. Lincoln and the Fermi Labs for producing these videos - these are great refreshers for older engineers like me. Peace be with you, Ciao, L (FoMoCo Engineering)
Would have like to have seen positron (beta+) mentioned as well, since this is medically relevant (such as for positron emission tomography).
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons.
Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
Thank you, doctor. I’m taking a hazmat class right now and we’re on radiation. I found your explanation of the different types of radiation to be the easiest to understand so far.
We want more videos Sir. You are awesome.
I'm guessing the sources used in order are: Americium-241, Strontium-90, Cesium-137, and Californium-252 (stored in that big polyethylene moderator). The 1st is a Ludlum model 43-92 alpha scintillation detector (Zinc Sulfide: Silver-activated). The 2nd is a gas-filled Eberline HP-210 Geiger-Muller tube. I'm not sure what the next two detectors are, but probably a beta/gamma gas-filled G-M tube and a proton recoil neutron scintillation counter.
I adore your dorky humour. Keep up the fantabulous work!
Thanks greatly for this video.
I got to work with Milt Finger and Don Kennedy at the old Lawrence Livermore Labs on various ballistics and dirty bomb threats.
We came up with new types of shielding for gamma and neutron radiation,at lower cost,weight, and less toxicity than lead.
Dear Professor >>>>>>>> from middle east I send to you sincerely thanks and appreciation
You have a very calm and clear voice and you explain things really nicely. Thank you.
GREAT!
Make a part 2 of this, please.
Should be required viewing in high school science classes.
Fantastic vídeo. Thanks for the comprehensive insight on this subject.
Good science communicator. keep it up
This has been my favorite video on this channel so far....
That was one of the best summaries about Radiation I have ever read or seen. Very well done!
Thank you for this well thought out video. I really enjoy how everything is put together and presented.
Totaly love the Fermilab does and answers a very nice question
Roentgen discovered X rays a year before Becquerel discovered Gamma rays.
You are doing well .... please maintain it😇😇😇...
"YOU are radioactive!"
Dang, how did he find out about me vaping Americium
The greatest explanation about radiation ever!!!
Very well explained. Easy to grasp the understanding of the different types of radiation.
Could you talk about electromagnetics ?- some of us are amateur radio operators (Hams) and would love to hear some discussion . Perhaps some talk about antenna theory ?
And how 5G is going to fry our brains!
73
I'm not in any classes that talk about this sort of stuff but I just wanna watch videos like these for the fun of it and learning a thing or two
Sir, Your explnations are very clear and highly appreciated. Thank you sir.
Another great video. Thank you Dr. Lincoln.
Thanks so much for this clear, concise explanation!
Very well explained sir, thank you...
1. what is the example of neutron decay ?.. how is it used by humans?
2. when it is said slow or fast neutrons, what is the demarkation for slow and fast ?
HONORS TO YOU SIR, DR DON LINCOLN AND FERMILAB.
3.6 Roentgen, not great but not terrible.
No worse than a chest x-ray
What about an x-ray to the knee?
Stay cheekie breekie
Simple and easy to understand. Great video.
Time, distance, shielding.
Awesome explanation sir! Hats off to you!
this is my comfort video
Watching in 2020... Corona time. And free at home. And get the best knowledge from you sir. Thank you. 😊🙏🏻🇮🇳
Thank You 🙏
I would have liked to see what types of shielding DON'T work against different types of radiation.
For example, paper stops alpha rays, but see how it doesn't stop beta rays. A thin metal plate stops beta rays, but...
Aluminum or beryllium foil will stop an alpha particle but will kick off neutrons, also alpha particles can induce fission which releases neutron and gamma
Dr. Don...So glad you showed Zilla...and gave a nod to the Sci-Fi comics...many of us grew up in the 1950's when we had real Science Fairs in Jr. High. Many of us read Sci-Fi comics..especially "Journey Into Space" with Adam Strange. Inside, there was always the "Scien-ti-fact" strip which explained something cool, like the aberration of Starlight. Thanks to those comics and "Mr. Wizard" we learned lot. Some of us are so daft, we're still waiting for "Gamera Rays" to be charted from our favorite Rocket Turtle. Love your presentations.. wish you had been our physics teacher in High School. Peace from TX.
I've been looking for this explanation for some time. Thanks.
i was shocked by the fact that alpha radioation is more dangerous than gamma and beta ! , thanks for explaining ❤️
Professor Lincoln, I guess I am addicted to your videos
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
"this isn't a radiation safety video."
Thanks for the heads up.
Please do a video on Medical Physics and the use of various radiations used for medical purposes (Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiations), little bit of the role of medical physicist, and the diseases which are cured by radiation.
What are radiopharmaceuticals ?
What measures should one take if we have a spill of radioactive material in a hospital. Etc.
As always: clear and concise with a cute ending. (I agree with Alex D. below)
X-rays= Gamma's "Younger and less successful sibling". I love that analogy 👍
Very informative video. Thank you, sir. Good style of presentation.
very comprehensive and intersting. Thanks
I love the way you are explaing things.
I am feeling like new love for physics and science.
Very interesting keep up the good work
THANK YOU! I was unaware of the Q factor. I will add that to my own 'splainers"!
Helps a lot
Why are alpha particles emitted, but not single protons? How does it happen so that only two protons + two neutrons get emitted?
"How does it happen so that only two protons + two neutrons get emitted?" -
two protons + two neutrons are alpha particle. connections between nucleons IN alpha particle are more strongly than connections between alpha particles IN atom core.
there are situations where protons can be emitted, but this is much rarer because free protons actually have a lot of free energy, alpha particles are more stable.
They feel more comfortable that way, so when a nucleus wants to shed mass, it tends to do that in whole alpha particles rather than in separate protons and neutrons. By "more comfortable" meaning "there's a greater increase in entropy because less energy is left condensed in nuclei".
Alpha particles are quite massive and positively charged (+2). It's a much more stable mode of decay for heavier elements. Heavy elements consist of many more neutrons than protons, and alpha decay becomes the more dominant mode of decay for heavy elements.
I think I understand your question. Since with other types of decay energy is also released, so why not this time. Well, I believe energy is released, but it's minor. . . . electromagnetic energy in the range of heat, light or radio waves, but nothing with more energy like x-rays or gamma rays.
I had no idea alpha particles were more dangerous than Gamma. Thanks for the knowledge
This explains why modern nuclear reactors have a core of Brazil Nuts. As a general rule of thumb, if a Brazil Nut can see 12 other nuts, the core will go critical and so control rods are used to ensure that for optimal power generation and control purposes the nut line of sight factor is reduced to between 6 and 7.
knew the information, still watched and also learned a few new things
That is some scary stuff for sure. Thanks for explaining that in such details.
Question: If a neutron gets stopped by hydrogen nuclei (in any kind of matrix (concrete, plastic etc). and that nuclei "knocks them out".
First, what do you mean by "knock them out". Out of what? (since the hydrogen nuclei is just a proton. or a deuterium nuclei.)Next question: why wouldn't the neutron hit any other kind of nucleus ??
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Doc: Thanks for a great video! this was cool !
Dear Fermilab, dooo youuu remember.... ACCELERATING SCIENCE!
SCIENCE!!!!!!!!!!
PEOPLE!!!!!!!!!!!
TECHNOLOGY
dO yOu eVeR wOnDeR hOw iT aLL bEgAn
Time
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THE BIG BANG!
I love to study radioactivity! I have loads of sources. Uranium, Thorium, Radium-226, Strontium-90, Cesium-137, Cobalt-60, Krypton-85, Lead-210, Americium-241, Americium-241/Beryllium neutron sources, X-ray tubes, etc. It's a great subject to study! Always have a Geiger Counter and/or a scintillation counter!
Of course!
ScienceNinjaDude, are you telling me I should stop wearing this Cesium-137 eye shadow? But it glows so pretty!
You must also like being on Govt. watch lists
KarbineKyle. You do have proper licenses. I pray. You must or the feds would be knocking. We were only able to get Promethium from Russia back 25 years. Any new sources? Been retired for a while.
Dealing
I think we should use a banana as a standard unit for measuring radiation.
Yes, the B.E.D. The Banana Equivalent Dose. 2 million B.E.D. and you're in trouble.
see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_equivalent_dose
THERE ARE NO BANANAS ON THE GROUND
3.6 bananas. Not great not terrible...
Igor Miovski stay cheekie breekie
Another great video, Doc!
As always, well done.
One of few videos, that I understood 100% But great as always :)
awesome and simple as always, for us slow folk!
Excellent video. Can you make another video explains what happens to the mass and energy in nuclear radiation? For example what happens tot he He nuclei when it hits the piece of paper or your skin. Does the paper weigh more as in the weight of a He nucleus? Do the paper now have a He atom embedded in the paper of does it bounce off after losing all of it’s energy? Does it just float away into space because it is so light>. As the He nucleus travels through the air toward the target won’t is try and grab 2 electrons and become change neutral? Or when it hits the paper target does it grab 2 electrons from the paper thus ionizing the paper?
Please we need more videos like these. They are wonderful.
Great video and leaves me wanting to learn more!
Can you do a follow up video that elaborates on how each type of radiation interacts w/ people + the necessary shielding?
this was very helpful, I have recently been doing research on radiation.
A subject that interests me greatly is the difference in nuclear radiation in latent residency, or how long a city remains radioactive after a nuclear event.
I have read that nuclear power plants, like Chernobyl, have an extended radiation threat over many years as opposed to the relatively short half life or latent residency radiation from uranium and plutonium radiation from atomic weapons, such as Hiroshima, and Nagasaki.
Thank you, I am researching tradition for my cancer treatment!
great video thank you Dr it was very clear
The Q factors were actually opposite of what I thought I knew. "Oh, it's just alpha radiation. I can stop that with a sheet of paper!" Thanks for setting me straight.
I am curious why alpha radiation is exactly two protons and two neutrons. Why aren't there more or less of either?
The combination of these four particles is very stable. It is a nucleus's way of getting rid of a large amount of energy.
Very informative
These videos are great! Informative and entertaining. And the theme song is catchy :)
Man How I love these videos!
I have a conceptual question. In space, alpha particles are so high energy they can go straight through thick shielding. Theoretically, if we are eventually able to achieve light-speed, we would then become the fast moving thing colliding with stationary particles. If we traveled through a helium cloud at light speed, our DNA and other cell structures would be shredded. A stationary helium cloud would become alpha particles relative to the fast moving human--how much shielding would be required to survive? How many other molecules then become ionizing and penetrate shielding at light speed?
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons.
Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
You missed cosmic radiation in the list of EM radiations .
Greetings from portugal Dr. Don ! you are the coolness incarnated :) great videos and great humor!
Please make a video on the observable universe and also one on the holographic universe would be great.
Why is it a dead idea? I thought it had gained popularity a few years ago.
It was a hypothesis believed by naive millennials based on The Matix movies.
The AdS/CFT wants to have a word with you Ninja and Locutus. To quote wikipedia:
"[The AdS/CFT correspondence] represents a major advance in our understanding of string theory and quantum gravity... and is the most successful realization of the holographic principle, ..."
Basically, the entire formulation of the correspondence depends on the holographic principle.
Please talk about the UV radiation and the differences of penetration in our skin
HBO's Chernobyl brought me here... 😏
Me too