The 110 techniques of communication and public speaking | David JP Phillips | TEDxZagreb

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  • Опубліковано 31 січ 2019
  • David JP Phillips has spent 7 years studying 5000 speakers, amateurs and professionals in order for the first time in history to detail every single skill a communicator from stage or in a presentation uses in order to deliver their message. This TEDx talk gives you the very most important ones to bring with you to your next presentation or even everyday communication! Jedan od glavnih razloga ljudskog razvoja je komunikacija, kako verbalna tako i pisana. No, da bi komunikacija bila učinkovita potrebne su nam i prezentacijske vještine. Davidova misija je pokazati ljudima što čini najbolje govornike, na koji način uvlače publiku u svoj svijet te kako svatko može razviti tu vještinu. Njegovi TEDx govori “How to avoid death by PowerPoint” i “The magical science of storytelling” imaju preko 2 milijuna pregleda, knjige su mu prodane u preko 30 zemalja, a njegova kompanija je najveći pružatelj edukacija za prezentacijske vještine na Skandinavskom poluotoku. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at www.ted.com/tedx

КОМЕНТАРІ • 823

  •  4 роки тому +1899

    So, in summary:
    The five top skills are: 1) always keep an *_open_* body language, 2) move forward instead of backward when talking about positives, 3) do functional gestures (but do not lock your hands), 4) a slower pace of speaking feels more important, and 5) use pauses to emphasize your important bits (and never do "eeh", "aah", or alike).
    Then Dr. Phillips showed 4 subtle skills that you rather have to watch on your own, from 12:34

  • @marvinfernandez2781
    @marvinfernandez2781 8 місяців тому +69

    1. Step forward = Increase focus
    2. Tilting (sloping position) head on the sides = increase empathy.
    3. Changing pace of what you are saying = increase focus
    4. Shifting yourself lower (sitting down on a chair) = increase trust
    5. Lowering your voice = you get anticipation
    6. If you pause, you will get undivided attention.
    7. Body language
    a. Maintain open body language
    b. Don’t move backwards
    c. Use functional gesture
    8. Voice
    a. Pace (lower voice = means important than higher voice)
    b. Pause ( in every sentence)
    9. Small skills
    a. Look up = illustrate thinking
    b. Audible inhale = suggest excited
    c. Duchenne Smile = Smile with eyes & mouth
    d. Self-laughter = increase anticipation for what to say

  • @sayeesaran
    @sayeesaran 3 роки тому +717

    my man David is probably the only person that got claps after showing his middle finger on the stage to everyone sitting 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼

    • @nassimbensayah4568
      @nassimbensayah4568 3 роки тому +6

      hahahahahahaa yeaaaah he's the king!

    • @loverrynj1628
      @loverrynj1628 3 роки тому +3

      lmao😂😂

    • @salleymalia6762
      @salleymalia6762 3 роки тому +9

      HATS OFF! By far the best speaker I've come across

    • @dontpanicitsorganic9821
      @dontpanicitsorganic9821 3 роки тому +2

      That's so funny

    • @ValterSoaresMNeto
      @ValterSoaresMNeto 3 роки тому +1

      LMAO! This is what happens when you really create the expression, doesn't matter what you express, it will be understood accordingly to what you want.

  • @angelo7217
    @angelo7217 5 років тому +379

    That is the BEST TED I've ever seen.....Duchenne smile

    • @DavidJPPhillips
      @DavidJPPhillips 5 років тому +20

      That smile... ;)

    • @chittaranjan2316
      @chittaranjan2316 4 роки тому

      Yes Right

    • @Baki_B
      @Baki_B 3 роки тому +1

      I'm all about that dutchavelli smile

    • @nikolasscholz7983
      @nikolasscholz7983 3 роки тому

      Duchenne smiley

    • @nulevrevep639
      @nulevrevep639 3 роки тому

      Outstanding. Best 16 minutes of information I've seen in the last 40 years of my life. Succint. Brilliant delivery. Duplicatable

  • @hssaugat1589
    @hssaugat1589 3 роки тому +354

    He didn't include the double shrug :(

    • @eradoreto
      @eradoreto 3 роки тому +22

      he did tho! at 13:45 :)

    • @Lord_Unicorn
      @Lord_Unicorn 3 роки тому +2

      he did!!!

    • @dorcasderose4485
      @dorcasderose4485 3 роки тому +3

      my man David is probably the only person that got claps after showing his middle finger on the stage to everyone sitting 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼

    • @ian3087
      @ian3087 3 роки тому

      Pewdiepie double shcrug OP lmao

  • @nofrillsapproach
    @nofrillsapproach 4 роки тому +318

    Outstanding. Best 16 minutes of information I've seen in the last 40 years of my life. Succint. Brilliant delivery. Duplicatable

    • @DavidJPPhillips
      @DavidJPPhillips 4 роки тому +42

      You made my day! Thank you for spreading love and joy.

    • @mylifepart2
      @mylifepart2 2 роки тому +3

      I agree

    • @atoyart
      @atoyart 27 днів тому

      I agree. This is probably the best there is in the market right now.

  • @susansamuel6704
    @susansamuel6704 4 роки тому +333

    One of the most comprehensive, useful and best ted talk. I'm a fan now.

    • @DavidJPPhillips
      @DavidJPPhillips 4 роки тому +18

      Wow! Thank you for your kind words, I truly appreciate it xD

    • @Metafelle
      @Metafelle 3 роки тому +5

      @@DavidJPPhillips the legend himself!

    • @konnteejonnie495
      @konnteejonnie495 2 роки тому +1

      like that too.

  • @barak1812
    @barak1812 2 роки тому +2

    I was in the middle of writing an email and listen to this video in the background. . . then you lowered your voice and I started typing slower and catching more and more words, then you. . . paused, and I. . . stopped typing completely and waited, it felt like forever. When you started talking again. . . every word sounded very important, so I stopped the video, I stopped typing the email, adjusted my headphones, set back in my chair and listened (and watched) this video with the outmost attention. There is just 3 words I can, now, say about it. . .
    It is working. . .

  • @AJsGreenTopics
    @AJsGreenTopics 4 роки тому +213

    I would have to say that this video would make it on my top 10 public speaking list. Great speaker with awesome tips. Thanks for sharing.

    • @realestjeremyhamel
      @realestjeremyhamel 4 роки тому +14

      What are the other 9? Please share!

    • @sophielu6670
      @sophielu6670 4 роки тому +3

      ditto

    • @AJsGreenTopics
      @AJsGreenTopics 4 роки тому +7

      @@realestjeremyhamel How to get out of debt. How to be an effective listener. How to become a great communicator are just a few others to name.😎

  • @fahadorky8103
    @fahadorky8103 4 роки тому +25

    One of the best ted talks I’ve heard

  • @ashleyloren6159
    @ashleyloren6159 4 роки тому +5

    Phenomenal. I simply adore the chart! Thank you for sharing!

  • @victorrey37
    @victorrey37 2 роки тому +34

    As you can imagine, watching, listening and following your advice has changed my life! Thanks for being so genuine, David. You really know how to communicate well.

  • @indianappguy
    @indianappguy 4 роки тому +20

    Ohh man i have watched this more than 10 times love him

  • @Aritul
    @Aritul 4 роки тому +3

    Not only do I learn a tremendous amount of information from his presentations, but they are entertaining to boot.

  • @jesss7699
    @jesss7699 5 років тому +35

    This was the single most valuable and helpful presentation on public speaking I ever saw. Not just theories, which are all good and interesting, but actual examples, demonstrations and a great set of tools to come back to. Thank you a lot for this!

  • @nsfa19
    @nsfa19 5 років тому +21

    Well, this why I love, love, love TED talks.

  • @farhanahad6252
    @farhanahad6252 3 роки тому

    Hands down one of the best ted talks i've ever seen. David JP Phillips you are inspirational!

  • @missdire
    @missdire 3 роки тому +3

    It's fascinating watching him talk about the skills he employs, while he employs him (probably subconsciously at this point in his career) and spotting them as they happen. I wish UA-cam and things like this were available back when I was in high school; videos like this would have been immensely helpful.

  • @LoveForeverTaylor
    @LoveForeverTaylor 4 роки тому +6

    Fantastic! The way he lowered his voice and knelt down or sat in the chair I'd say was my favorite part and really captured my attention. So glad I came across this!

  • @luisborges2048
    @luisborges2048 3 роки тому +24

    Incredible talk. One of the most engaging and useful I've listened to.

  • @connereece3023
    @connereece3023 3 роки тому +67

    I have been teaching public speaking at the college level for over 25 years. David does a fantastic job of demonstrating the highlights. This video could be adapted for job interviewing as well, since nonverbal communication and vocal dynamics are critical in that situation. Great job.

  • @mysticyoung9623
    @mysticyoung9623 2 роки тому +18

    Wow, this was absolutely incredible. I don't think I've seen a talk delivered this well. Great information and stunning delivery.

  • @azmanbmilai4240
    @azmanbmilai4240 3 роки тому +3

    he made me cry at the end of his presentation showing how really good he was

  • @cesarmendez8813
    @cesarmendez8813 3 роки тому

    Straight to my list of best talks i've seen. Bravo, pure gold.

  • @RichAndoh
    @RichAndoh 4 роки тому +191

    What a talk, the ability to explain and apply in real-time show an extremely high level of skill. Something I have rarely seen. I also like how many of the 110 techniques (probably all) are applied in this talk, 2:50 blew my mind, dissecting it is an entire course by itself! And how he makes it all come together, this is a lesson that will stick for sure...Thanks for this wonderful message.

    • @Lo-to7zh
      @Lo-to7zh 4 роки тому

      Richard Andoh true

    • @joea6296
      @joea6296 2 роки тому +1

      Shout out to teachers.
      Have balls of steel.

    • @theangelfromheavenbrianbyon
      @theangelfromheavenbrianbyon 7 місяців тому

      b

    • @BulbulAill-kb3kb
      @BulbulAill-kb3kb 6 місяців тому

      ​a@@theangelfromheavenbrianbyonSßSSssexs🎉xszzszaaaZzZzzzzzzzzzaAAÀSSs🎉RaazatSsxaàZsarÀaaz😢Aas

  • @Moltenlava
    @Moltenlava Рік тому +2

    Anyone else got up from their chair after like a few mins and started to try and mimic and improve the gestures he was making? Definitely one of the most helpful videos ive seen on youtube

  • @sabinehader3362
    @sabinehader3362 2 роки тому +2

    Amazingly clear and easy to follow instructions! Thank you David

  • @svenoyntzen3497
    @svenoyntzen3497 4 роки тому +4

    Skills, skills, skills....brilliant! Thank you.

  • @bystrovoff
    @bystrovoff 3 роки тому

    The indescribable charisma of this person is inspiring. Excellent!

  • @royphenk4794
    @royphenk4794 5 років тому +32

    He practises what he taught and boy, was it amazing. Great tips and wonderful real-life demonstration.

  • @AndresRamirez-uy1jd
    @AndresRamirez-uy1jd 4 роки тому +22

    You’re something else man! Keep it up

  • @Sky-ui5cd
    @Sky-ui5cd Рік тому +2

    -body language - open
    -hands gestures: to illustrate point
    -voice inflection
    -t h e pause: stress importance
    -get used to awkward silences
    ->instead of uhhhhing
    -in the moment+focus on audience
    -being passionate abt what you do
    -smiling
    -reiterating your point

    • @lightmanalbane4676
      @lightmanalbane4676 Рік тому

      Hi, I would like to purchase his training on the site headgain(with the 110 elements) with 20 peoples (some of the content would be sent before payment as proof of purchase). Would you be interested in this ? :))

  • @prasannasai6139
    @prasannasai6139 6 місяців тому +6

    One of the most informative, practical and useful TED talk I’ve watched. Thanks Dave, you absolutely killed it!

  • @m.k.i.4249
    @m.k.i.4249 3 роки тому

    Absolutely brilliant! This man is a true master of the very skills he is teaching. Excellent done.

  • @SpringHWhipple
    @SpringHWhipple 4 роки тому +5

    I actually think this is one of my favorite Ted talks! Thank you so very much (pretend to see the body language) for providing us with your knowledge,and, for helping us become better communicators, presenters, and speakers! Thank you! (Ended with Duchenne Smile )

  • @misty_miss
    @misty_miss 4 місяці тому

    I have a rather short attention span when any videos go pass the 7 min mark but this video proves that all the skills shared works a charm! I was absolutely drawn into the whole presentation and wanted more after. Exellent!

  • @johnjordaan7306
    @johnjordaan7306 Рік тому +1

    Thank you David, excellent stuff. One small comment I want to add, we are now in the age of Teams meetings/Zoom meetings, remember you can only really perform these "skills" if you meet with your audience in person. In the business world, the most successful colleagues I worked with made a point of meeting customers and colleagues , rather than just settling for a Teams call. To those in Sales, the in-person meeting is even more vital.

  • @devanandpurohit6081
    @devanandpurohit6081 4 роки тому +6

    This is what I was looking for.. Great explanation.. Thanks David and TED !!

  • @zaskt1214
    @zaskt1214 4 роки тому +3

    Such a comprehensive contents in 16:51 minutes.
    Love it!

  • @lvngfrmdaheart
    @lvngfrmdaheart 3 роки тому +2

    Fantastic. One of the best TEDEx talks I have seen!! He really knows what he's talking about which is evident from the way he speaks and demonstrates in front of the audience. Would love to learn more from him. Thank you SO much for this talk!!

  • @MichaelAlexander1967
    @MichaelAlexander1967 5 років тому +20

    Wow! The Academy Award goes to Mr. David Phillips! Very, very good. The world has a new communications coach.

  • @Marci92xyz
    @Marci92xyz 4 роки тому +1

    Watched it twice while analyzing and notating the overview sheet. Im looking forward to implementing these methods incrementelly in my lectures :D thank you!

  • @quocsonang6264
    @quocsonang6264 4 роки тому +4

    Thanks to your incredibly amazing presentation, now i know what to do with my free time

  • @Doforand
    @Doforand 5 років тому +7

    Excellent. Thank you very much

  • @amanshandilya6723
    @amanshandilya6723 3 роки тому +40

    *He* *explained* *very* *well!*
    *This* *is* *one* *of* *the* *best* *ted* *talks* *on* *speaking* *skill,* *voice* *coaching* *e.t.c*

    • @myrtlefowler6800
      @myrtlefowler6800 3 роки тому

      The best thing I ever learned from watching a PewDiePie video.😂

  • @mayankify
    @mayankify 3 роки тому +4

    Majority of people don't aspire to become public speaker. We just want to be someone who's loved.

  • @abdelaalis
    @abdelaalis 3 роки тому +6

    Woooow just woooow, i mean i wanted to watch mr david ted talks right after watching his reactions, but i am just blown by his presentation. Soo well-done 👏

  • @mase3165
    @mase3165 5 років тому +4

    So so soooo good. Get me in front of a crowd immediately. Cheers David.

  • @yalnaabi
    @yalnaabi 4 роки тому

    Likely my favourite TED talk!

  • @user-yb5eu6zo7e
    @user-yb5eu6zo7e 3 роки тому +2

    I found myself smiling so big by the end of your presentation! Great points in this video and watching you was very inspiring!

  • @somepolishdude9853
    @somepolishdude9853 3 роки тому +6

    The legend himself on a TED talk!

  • @legend_bobai
    @legend_bobai 2 роки тому +1

    I have managed to speak without really noticing this actually,, you know how you have presented and you know you just missed it again.... Thank you for this 🙌🙌🙌❤️❤️

  • @takumijoong6271
    @takumijoong6271 4 роки тому +1

    this is incredibly underrated. it should be the one getting views, videos with actual useful and new content.

  • @jcarlbysa1592
    @jcarlbysa1592 2 роки тому +19

    From the very start, I like his way of articulating his thoughts to the minds of the audience. I'm really with this man. He's truly blessed with his sacrifices to get the benefits that he shared with us. That's great.

  • @mvsfunhouse
    @mvsfunhouse 3 роки тому +3

    This is a great video! I've started a book reading channel with my daughters to improve there reading and English comprehension skills. It's been a wonderful learning experience for me as well since I wasn't much of a book reader growing up. Wishing you continued success and happiness!!

  • @smartITworks4me
    @smartITworks4me 4 роки тому +3

    BRILLIANT! I think he's a teacher. He is just too eloquent and perceptive of audience' reaction. Communication Skills is never a serious issue among teachers because they face the students more than 5 hours a day. One basic factor in gaining confidence to speak before a crowd is simply GET USED TO DOING IT.

  • @jonnyholmberg
    @jonnyholmberg Рік тому +23

    I hope teachers find you and let their students learn from you and get inspired. I was a teacher for more than 40 years and tried to teach my students quite a lot of the skills you are talking about. You really boiled ut down brilliantly, showed it beutifully and deconstructed it at the same time. You deserve an A+++!

    • @Aliphbay
      @Aliphbay Рік тому +1

      your A+++! :)

    • @changboipatrick
      @changboipatrick Рік тому

      Definitely. There's a lady lecturer in my engineering school who raps physics and electrical, she has a reputation of students failing her classes. I'm contemplating whether to send her this or not

    • @lightmanalbane4676
      @lightmanalbane4676 Рік тому

      Hi, I would like to purchase his training on the site headgain(with the 110 elements) with 20 peoples (some of the content would be sent before payment as proof of purchase). Would you be interested in this ? :))

  • @mayaphantasia7279
    @mayaphantasia7279 4 роки тому +6

    BEST TED TALK EVER HEARD

  • @smilelikenina
    @smilelikenina 4 роки тому +6

    Amazing talk! Will definitely try these skills 👍🏻

  • @yilmadellelegnabebe4825
    @yilmadellelegnabebe4825 4 роки тому

    You have been very helpful and inspiring! Thanks very much!

  • @rahulpareekapex
    @rahulpareekapex 5 років тому +4

    Thank you sir, For sharing useful tips and tricks. All the best to you.
    Rahul
    India

  • @CyrielKortleven_ChangeMindset
    @CyrielKortleven_ChangeMindset 5 років тому +35

    Absolutely great talk. I'm following some coaching with David since I saw his talk last year in Singapore and wow, you really get better if you explore the 110 skills and techniques (start with a few). Certainly recommended - also for professional speaker who have a lot of experience!

    • @user-uc4wc4ev9y
      @user-uc4wc4ev9y 5 років тому

      fantastic presentation thank you for do this

  • @digitalresearcher3740
    @digitalresearcher3740 2 роки тому +2

    A,beautiful factual information that really shows what presentation skills really are such as non verbal communication skills which are extensive. Some are appropriate pausing, gestures and facial expressions, modulation, enthusiasm etc.
    Thank you so much for bringing out this features a lot seem not to practice.💯👌

  • @jliz6435
    @jliz6435 5 років тому +8

    Very informative thank you 🙏😎

  • @Bridgercdl
    @Bridgercdl 2 роки тому +1

    Thank you David. Amazing presentation. The best I’ve seen, will eagerly apply in my practices and develop

  • @PaulPeixoto
    @PaulPeixoto 4 роки тому +1

    Great techniques here, David. Keep up the great work!

  • @nassimbensayah4568
    @nassimbensayah4568 3 роки тому

    Simply the best. I've watched this more than 20 times maybe!!

  • @chasetheidea
    @chasetheidea Рік тому +1

    This is phenomenal and an absolute essential to listen to for everyone

  • @charleyroquefort6172
    @charleyroquefort6172 4 роки тому +1

    What an awesome guy! Fantastic TED Talk

  • @Hollyweed1
    @Hollyweed1 4 роки тому +2

    Holy moly. What a great presentation. 👏 👏 👏

  • @velvetdeyla1265
    @velvetdeyla1265 5 років тому +24

    This is going to be very helpful, thanks you 🙏🏻

  • @rmb4057
    @rmb4057 5 років тому +8

    One of the best ted talk, I have ever seen.

  • @vgueafrica
    @vgueafrica 4 роки тому +9

    You’re freaking amazing!!!

  • @annekilbourne
    @annekilbourne 3 роки тому

    This is brilliant and what a lovely man David is! He is absolutely correct and that Duchenne Smile 😃 is very powerful ❤

  • @nishadnazar1687
    @nishadnazar1687 4 роки тому

    The best video about Public speaking i have ever seen.
    Thank you

  • @GLowzx7r
    @GLowzx7r 4 роки тому +3

    This is my all time favourite Ted Talk 👌🏻

  • @Lily77Sam
    @Lily77Sam 9 місяців тому

    Absolutely mind blowing. I love it. Thanks so much David 🍀

  • @CC-px1xv
    @CC-px1xv 4 роки тому

    Most useful Tedtalk ever! Thank you!

  • @avezkhanniyozov2197
    @avezkhanniyozov2197 Рік тому +2

    The best skills for public speaking I have learned, thanks 👍

  • @JimmyNaraineOfficial
    @JimmyNaraineOfficial 4 роки тому +3

    As a fellow speaking trainer I have to say: this is gold.

    • @MohammedMBakri
      @MohammedMBakri 4 роки тому +2

      where do you work? I want to be train under ur supervision, just for a week

    • @JimmyNaraineOfficial
      @JimmyNaraineOfficial 4 роки тому +1

      @@MohammedMBakri Hi man, you can see my profile on Udemy. I'm teaching 125,000 students there also in public speaking. Cheers

  • @topspoke
    @topspoke 3 роки тому

    Thank you for this nugget of pure quality... Priceless

  • @harshdeeptelang127
    @harshdeeptelang127 4 роки тому

    literally the best ted talk ever...

  • @shefeekts199
    @shefeekts199 5 років тому +3

    Just 😮 wow... incredible 👌🏻

  • @arthurmaghanoy18
    @arthurmaghanoy18 Рік тому

    I never thought that i would get goosebumps in this kind of videos

  • @nasrinali2328
    @nasrinali2328 3 роки тому

    A phenomenal educational and superb presentation. Also humorous. 🙏🏻

  • @The_Captainn
    @The_Captainn 4 роки тому +1

    Thanks for recommending your talk, David. Very informative.

  • @summersimonton3440
    @summersimonton3440 3 роки тому +5

    What a fantastic talk David. Thank you for so much value. I've been a professional speaker for over 3 decades and learned some new skills. Well done.

  • @Pinkymortgage
    @Pinkymortgage 4 роки тому +1

    Fantastic and well delivered. I will definitely watch again!

  • @dotconnector1746
    @dotconnector1746 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you Mr Phillips for your brilliant TED talk :)
    my favourite takeaway might be how your demonstrations really help you take home your point.
    The one with contradicting gestures was a rare and enriching pleasure for me to watch and has actually inspired me to come back to this video a few times already.
    Tim/ DotConnector17

  • @mariadelcarmengarcia1414
    @mariadelcarmengarcia1414 5 років тому

    I have just loved it, thank you so much.

  • @nmd9722
    @nmd9722 3 роки тому

    Wow that's a great one! Thank you for giving us a very detailed speech. Learned a lot from this. Hands down.

  • @yasoraso8755
    @yasoraso8755 4 роки тому

    I love it great job. He is the exemple of that is teching us .what a great speaker.

  • @jeng16565
    @jeng16565 Рік тому

    I am those people afraid of the pause!!! Such an amazing video, thank you!

  • @aneelakhan1617
    @aneelakhan1617 4 місяці тому

    I learned very useful tips from this video .
    Standing ovation 👏
    Five useful tips to to engage audience,
    1. During speaking 🗣️ moves foward show focus.
    2 . Moving a head show empathy.
    3 . Showing Gestures
    4 . Slowing voice create anticipation.
    5. Pause which takes attention of audience also smile ..
    Favourite lines😊
    You're what you become.
    You can be a good speaker..

  • @JOANNAPARACKAL
    @JOANNAPARACKAL 3 роки тому

    HATS OFF! By far the best speaker I've come across

  • @kopfherzseminare4713
    @kopfherzseminare4713 4 роки тому +2

    WOW - Thank you for this amazing talk

  • @ljwatson6262
    @ljwatson6262 Рік тому

    David is a really smart individual, he has helped me with public speaking a lot 😁thank you

  • @iamlilkj1
    @iamlilkj1 Рік тому +2

    I had this title saved in my notes since October 7, 2019 because I remembered watching it in Public Speaking - and falling in love with this video! Bravo good sir 👏🏼, you’ve done well!

    • @lightmanalbane4676
      @lightmanalbane4676 Рік тому

      Hi, I would like to purchase his training on the site headgain(with the 110 elements) with 20 peoples (some of the content would be sent before payment as proof of purchase). Would you be interested in this ?

  • @BhawinJagad
    @BhawinJagad 4 роки тому +6

    Duchenne Smile was amazing, also one of the best TED talks ive seen so far :)

  • @user-lm6oj9xq3j
    @user-lm6oj9xq3j 4 роки тому

    This ted is gorgeous. the tips which he has given are really helpful.