The future of measurement with quantum sensors - with The National Physical Laboratory
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- Опубліковано 8 лют 2025
- What are quantum sensors? And how do they enable precision measurements of gravity, inertial forces, and magnetic fields?
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This lecture was recorded at the Ri on 29 November 2023, in partnership with The National Physical Laboratory.
Discover how atomic magnetometry is used to monitor the spin of atoms in external magnetic fields and how NPL is supporting the development of portable magnetometers for instance for non-destructive imaging of structural defects. Learn about atom interferometry and how it is being used to measure gravity, linear accelerations, and rotations.
Find out about NPL's leading-edge research in this area, including their work on the measurement behind gravity gradiometers and absolute gravimeters based on a double rubidium atomic fountain, which has advantages over classical devices.
Take advantage of this opportunity to delve into the exciting world of quantum sensors and their applications in precision measurement.
Prof Jan-Theodoor (JT) Janssen FREng FinstP FIET is the Chief Scientist at NPL and a member of the executive team. JT joined NPL in 1998 and is distinguished for the application of quantum technologies and an NPL Fellow in Quantum Electrical Metrology. His research involves a wide range of topics in solid-state physics applied to metrology applications. JT launched the National Graphene Metrology Centre (NGMC), the role of which is to develop metrology and standardisation for the nascent graphene industry. He is also a Scientific Co-Director of the Quantum Metrology Institute (QMI), which covers all of NPL's leading-edge quantum science and metrology research and provides the expertise and facilities needed for academia and industry to test, validate, and ultimately commercialise new quantum research and technologies.
Since 2017, JT has been a member of the NPL Executive team, first as the Research Director, and now as the Chief Scientist. In this role he is responsible for the external scientific engagements with academia and other government organisations and recently also our international activities. He responsible for the Science & Technology Advisory Council (STAC) and Post Graduate Institute (PGI) which NPL jointly runs with the Universities of Strathclyde and Surrey. Internally, he is responsible for the quality and benchmarking of the research outputs of the laboratory and its knowledge management. JT is also the UK delegate for EURAMET the European Association of National Metrology Institutes. JT is the executive sponsor for NPL’s Juno committee, which aims to address gender equality in physics and to encourage better practice for all staff and sponsor of the disability working group. JT is passionate about diversity and inclusion at the laboratory and in STEM more generally.
JT is a Chartered Physicist and Chartered Engineer and a Fellow of NPL, the Institute of Physics (IOP) and the Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET). He is also the NPL Head of Science and Engineering Profession for the Government Science and Engineering Profession (GSE) and a visiting professor at the University of Lancaster. He is the UK representative on EURAMET (European Metrology Organisation) and a member of its Board of Directors. In 2021 JT was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
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I have to appreciate the scientific rigor in the construction of the presentation itself. He began by explaining why measurement is good, so we’re all in agreement.
Always love a new RI video
I hope there is always time to recognise the genius of those who imagine the application for the principle as well as those who establish the principle itself.
2019 passed me by. It was obviously a very important year for quantum mechanics. Thank you.
"A lunar lander crash lands on Mars"
Overshot is an understatement.
Imagine how precise this error must be 😂
@@Sejl perhaps the mathematician heard 'Duna' instead of 'Lunar'
YOU do it! 💥👌
This is a fantastic presentation. Thanks for sharing the video.
this was a very interesting lecture. who knows what these researches give us in time. Keep at the good work sir !
well the sub titles on my screen kept putting out "broccoli wavelength". Now I know it should have been De Broglie wavelength, but the uncertainty of it all made me laugh
The next breakthrough in information processing relies on decoherence-sensitive weight-biasing at the node-layer level in a network. I'm excited for this lecture.
Edit: in the context and towards the capability of maintaining entangled super-oscillation of two identical inverse 'signal inputs'.
Such a wonderful Talk !!!!!
NIST has a report about using quantum detectors for broadband radio communication at very low frequencies. That would be amazing if it could be used for 6G and higher instead of the extremely high traditional radio frequencies required. It will be interesting to hear this lecture.
Oh that’s an interesting idea
3:30. A lunar lander crashing on mars is indeed a huge measurement error.
Brilliant presentation 🤍
I wish there was a venue like R.I. near my residence.
Cool, nice talk!
He is bringing back our old school physics memory
"The system is fixed forever"? How bold! Doesn't that fly in the face of Science? Cool Viddy!
Nah its arbitrary, as long as everyone agrees. Its like maths, we say 1+ 2=3 but 1+1 could =3 if we picked those symbols to mean that. Its arbitrary agreement
@@devilsolution9781 Sounds very 1984ish. You people need some logic.
@@DonnyHooterHoot oh you must be american, using imperial. Or something.
Glad you like Feynman analysis of quanta propagation. It leads us to speculate there is a granular nature of spacetime at plangth lengths where influences make the granules behave pseudo randomly as quanta are transmitted and diffracted through them. The maths is likely similar to Feynman.
"When a lunar lander crashes on Mars"... Yeah that would be a serious error in navigation! 😄
28:55 - Thank you! ^.^
31:30 “...All elementary particles arise from the dissipation of the vibration energy of a single essence - the string - which obeys the simple laws of a single theory that unites all particles and all forces in nature.”(Smolin); - if the parameter w (=1/т) describing the vibrations (vibrations) of the string, is interpreted as inertial induction: B(i)=[sec^-1].
[Apparently, the following expression takes place: μ(0)ε(0)Gi=1, which means that Gi=с^2 where i is inertial constant, i=1,346*10^28[g/cm]; or k=1/i=7,429*10^-29[cm/g]:
"(Giving the interval ds the size of time, we will denote it by dт: in this case, the constant k will have the dimension length divided by mass and in CGS units will be equal to 1,87*10^-27)", Friedmann, "On the curvature of space". The ds, which is assumed to have the dimension of time, we denote by dt; then the constant k has the dimension Length Mass and in CGS-units is equal to 1, 87.10^ ± 27. See Laue, Die Relativitatstheorie, Bd. II, S. 185. Braunschweig 1921: k(Friedmann)/k=8π, where k=r(pl)/m(pl).
The constant c^2 / 2w(pl) in the final formula* in "GR was QG" is a quantum expression of Kepler's second law: the quantum of the inertial flow Ф(i) = (½)S(pl)w(pl) = h/4πm(pl) (magnetic flux is quantized: = h/2e, Josephson’s const; and the mechanical and magnetic moments are proportional).]
“The geometry of space in general relativity theory turned out to be another field, therefore the geometry of space in GR is almost the same as the gravitational field.” (Smolin);
"This new type of universe in its other properties resembles Einstein's cylindrical world." (A. Friedmann, "On the curvature of space", 1922).
Developing Einstein's hypothesis of a cylindrical world, Einstein's theory of gravitation "migrates" into phase space: due to this, it is quantized.
-------------------
*) - Final formula:ф(G)=-[w/w(pl)]c^2/2, where ф(G) - is Newtonian gravitational potential, w - the frequency of the quanta of the gravitational field (as vibration field); according to GR / QG, gravitational field, or more precisely the grav-inertial field is characterized by a spontaneous flow: J(Gi) = (v'/π )(1/4π) g^2/G, where v'/π- phase velocity of field evolution is determined from the relativistic expression of Kepler's second law: сr(G)= v'r = const.
Can be tested experimentally in the laboratory at the present.
{The experimenter needs only two parameters; the mass (gram) of the body under study m(0) and the distance from its center (centimeter) r: so
the energy of the quanta of the field
ε(eV) ~1.83(m/r);
the radiation flux
J*[erg/cm^2•sec]~7.57•10^-27(m^3/r^5).
For example:
A lead ball suspended on a strong chain from the ceiling of the laboratory can serve as a test body; at radius r=27,6 cm, ball mass is m=1т.
The energy of quanta/photons of the field (photons are characterized by different parity and helicity, and it is not quite accurate to say that a photon has an integer spin equal to one) at a distance r from the center of the test body to the detector (practically on the surface of the ball) =66,3 keV.
The flow: J*=4,5•10^-9 quanta/сm^2sec; this is a measurable flux for modern world-class gamma detectors.
(On the Earth's surface, the frequency of the quanta of the Earth's gravitational field: w=2.57*10^34 Hz (~2.7 J); the flow: J(G)=0.3 MW/cm^2).}
Great video. I loved the bit about the Newton apple tree grown from a cutting. A very nice touch.
48:45 Are those images examples of their effects on gravity to the decimal place they're pointing to?
Anyway I hope it'll be sensitive enough to detect Russia submarine.
3:34 If built according to accurate measurement, a ‘Lunar Lander’ should definitely crash on Mars; shouldn’t it? 😊
If a lunar lander crashes on Mars, there were some SERIOUS measurement problems.
Try spinors with uncertainty of precise spin or polarisation states. We make the uncertainties of measurement fit the maths
Is thought a particle or a wave? Can quantum mechanics be applied for understanding thoughts and its entanglement with emotions, feelings and other phenomena? If yes, could these fields be related to sociology, psychology and societal spacetime of words of languages? Is this approach societal mechanics like celestial mechanics and soil mechanics?
I am curious about detection at extreme distance, say astronomical distance. Could we use any of these to image or map asteroids or say, Pluto?
Would it be possible to observe the superposition of a photon in the double-slit experiment using quantum imaging techniques?
The observable element is modified by wave function collapse from measurement. The next step is to establish the source of determinism; and the solution cost is a increasing function of the depth of the latent goal buffer is biased to a repeating single variable as the input from ambient probability in space, where it is more accurate than the standard utility of choice obtained by considering maximum entropy generated by a single supercomposite action by a human, presenting as a collection of self organizing quantum sub-agents to reassemble a message from a textual linear bottleneck from unbiased quantum indeterminacy. It is NP complete.
No hidden variables? What are the energy considerations of spin flips of quanta in deep space? They could be as mysterious as pair formation in deep space.
If quantum gravity has been detected then does that mean that in a state of superposition the gravitational field in that space is in a state of constant fluctuation to accommodate the probability of a particle's position? If that is true then the gravitational force in the spacial field must be greater than the mass of the particle? Then to measure the gravitational effects in a spacial field is to know a particles position and velocity no?
It would violate Newtonian physics ?
It would only mean that spacetime is slightly "uneven" at the level of resolution of atomic interferometers. I doubt that very much, even though I wish these experimentalists luck. It would be a very interesting result if it turns out to be correct.
52:20 Is the gravity at the centre of the earth really higher than at the surface? Since the centre of the earth is surrounded by a roughly equal amount of mass in all directions, wouldn't the gravity be (almost) zero there?
What? Just google the equation. Gravity gets stronger as objects get closer. Also look up what center of mass means, i think that would help you
Where do you think the vector of gravity heads? In my understanding the vector also points to center of mass of the larger object
Look up “Shell Theorem”. The “center of mass” simplification only applies if you’re outside the mass.
Inverse square law only applies to point sources. The amplitude doesn't approach infinity when you are nearby, because the source won't be point-like. Inverse square law says that it approaches infinite gravity at the center, which is total nonsense. At the center, there is no gravity because the gravity of all of the mass around you sums to zero, being all equal and opposite. When you are too near for the source to appear as a point, it becomes linear.
Is at all possible to measure the immeasurable ??
The uncertainty Principle comes to mind!!!
The uncertainty principle is a completely trivial lemma about certain types of linear operators. You can see it at work on water waves. It has nothing to do with quantum mechanics.
38:10 - One day, quantum video editing will allow audio to actually stay in sync.
20:02 -273° Celsius. Kelvin would be 0 for absolute zero
This really does mean you're living in a dream world Neo.
The review of physics here is error-ridden. Sensors discussion is good.
Quantum imaging
Because of applications.
If we could ever find hawking radiation. We could hack physics and find out what's happening in a black hole, inter alia.
But all three are exciting to follow lol
37:57 42!
Ah, but what was the question?
3:28 If a lunar lander crashes on Mars, it's off by at least 54,600,000 km. 😁
3:29 …”or when a Lunar Lander crashes on Mars …” that will be a measurement error of the navigation system!
58:20 8*-
Can I get a fact check on the Lord Kelvin quote? I believe that was a paraphrase of another physicist, Albert Michelson. I could be wrong, tho and no hating on the speaker.
3:27 yeah, that's what I would call a poor measurement - when a lunar module crashes on Mars 😂
u need to pass and knowing fundamental of magnetometry and gravimetri ,how it works and why , before Q.I. / I.Q.
I realise it must be hard to avoid, but you really need to provide in a popularising session, but you really owe us a better reason for the photo of "Newton's apple tree", for which no evidence actually exists.
The ACTUAL apple tree in question is to be seen in Trinity College, Cambridge in England.
@@anthonyshiels9273 I remain sceptical
I see NPL, I think 'nipple' and I laugh.
I'll see myself out.
With all these "fake-name-four-digit" accounts, yours might be the most genuine reaction here. As sad as that is.
The presenter is entangled with the word "Uh"
I'm assuming that English isn't his native language so he's translating his thoughts on the fly and that results in little pauses.
You do realize that, though you've defined your units in terms of the fundamental constants of nature, that you're completely dependent upon today's level of technology to realize those measurements, don't you? You need today's technology infrastructure or better. If new policies unravel industrial civilization (post-industrial ruins) and advanced labs become rare as hen's teeth...
uhhhhhh
3:29 how could a lunar lander crash on Mars?
Measurement errors
A “massive” change indeed.😂
I'm (uh) sorry. I tried. I (uh) really did (uh)(uh) try to watch this for the (uh) potentially (uh) interesting content. But in the end, I (uh) just couldn't (uh) get past the (uh) presenter's (uh) verbal tic of (uh) saying "uh" every few (uh) seconds.
The Professor (uh) may be a (uh) fine (uh) scientist, but he (uh) really needs some (uh) coaching on (uh) public speaking.
There is zero evidence that Lord Kelvin made that quote. In fact the evidence points very much to the contrary.
Most got it wrong
really members only content.. *grumbles in poor person*
"errrrr, errrr, errr!!" :/
😂 If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don’t understand quantum mechanics - Feynman (and/or others)
he was sloppy when he said there are no hidden variables. There are no 'local' hidden variables. Global hidden variables could exist
Π¹
Quantum phenomena really are not hard to understand, we just make it hard. Things cannot be in two places at once, the founding 7 knew this. Computers didn't exist.
God plays dice because "god" is just an idea, a word for something non physical. The more correct word would be a distributed/parallelized information system, which has individuality as a key concept - we play this physical protocol, render our universe as we make choices, and learn - we CHANGE our SELF
Thus the vector of evolution continues, we become more specialized, and more interdependent.. as the architect said.. the problem is choice. Choose wisely..
Compared to other RI-lectures, this one seems superficial, and of a attitude "Yay, Science!" instead of lucid explanations as -let's say- Feynman might have provided.
Feynman got one hour to tell stories about a single electron, this guy has to summarise the entire western canon of physics first to get to his point. So not real fair comparison I guess, just skip through the first half hour
I think This lecture aims ti motivate the posible beneficts of the development of theese quamtum tecnologies
As a non-physist I enjoyed it. It was well pitched for non experts and introduced me to a huge range of ideas which I can now go off and do further research into.
Applied science vs theoretical physics
@hattielankford4775 😂 woops 😂
Gravity is proven? What force pulls?
Gravity. It is one of the four fundamental forces, along with the strong force, the weak force, and electromagnetism.
If you want to disagree, don’t bother putting it here. I’ll just read your peer-reviewed journal article when you publish it. If you prove this stuff wrong, there is a Nobel prize in it for you for sure.
@zacukeNo gap, quantum mechanics switches to classical mechanics, both in relation to gravity, That is, if I understand it properly.
Magnetic fields
Gravity is often described as a force, even in the scientific domain.
But you r right. There is nothing that „pulls“.
I would say its semantic freedom.
@@biteingbonobo Semantics indeed, how would you describe it?
Since we all fall to the ground?
Why does it feel like an advert?
This is absolutely dreadful. Old theories out of date. Also double slit with bullets ? Seriously ? they would just go in a straight line or destroy the slit!
NOT for advanced listeners who would like to hear about quantum sensors!