Hi Nick and all. Just wanted to thank you, Nick, for introducing Seth and his channel to us. I particularly like that his channel vids with Sumer, then Egypt, and then the Bronze Age Collapse. Each topic so far is a series of 1 to 3 lectures and his research is exhaustive. Too, he’s always quick to inform the viewers of any ‘current’ alternative views extant in archeological and Biblical research. AND I REALLY ENJOY how he takes seemingly ‘settled’ facts, factoids, data pieces and tweezes the pieces apart and then puts them back together again, 1 piece at a time, explaining every step of the way AND (as I said) is quick to relate any extant debates and alternative interpretations EVERY STEP OF THE WAY. Seth’s lectures typically run about an hour, so NO LECTURETTES THERE and he provides lots of pictures, maps, charts, textual references, etc. for a great experience. ...soooooo, THANKS AGAIN, Nick 😊✌️✌️✌️👍👍👍👌👌👌🇺🇸
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
Based on other accounts like from the tablets of Alalakh it seems like the Hebrews were Apiru but not all Apiru were Hebrews. Similarity, as you stated, Hebrews were israelite but not all israelites were Hebrew. Basically, both Apiru and Hebrew referred to a people group but not specifically to a well defined clan. More of a regional class of people with shared characteristics.
@@Justinsatiable HELLO. The Bible distinguishes between Israelites and Hebrews. In the war between the Philistines and Israel, non-Isreal Hebrews suddenly appear on the side of the Philistines: 1 Samuel 14:21 "And behold, swords of men fell against one another, and there was a very great uproar. 21 The Hebrews also, who had hitherto been with the Philistines and went to war with them, went over to those of Israel,..." That means: There were Hebrews who were not Israelites. Both are descended from boar = ever the ancestor of Abraham. Ever lived in Ur in Chaldea Abraham's homeland. This was the land of the Horites. So there are Israel Hebrews and Horite Hebrews. The Hyksos of Egypt were part Habiru. They had names like Hor and Jakob-Hor. This shows that the Habiru = Horites were. so it is very likely that the Habiru were relatives of the Isrealites.⬆
@@siegfriedlechler7412 oh I definitely agree that the Hebrews and the Israelites are not the same thing. Many Hebrews were not part of the Israelites identity. But the habiru, according to ancient texts, are not an ethnic group nor a geographical group. They were nomads who existed throughout the levant and Anatolia
@@Justinsatiable Heber the ancestor of Abraham who lived in Ur had many descendants who expanded as different peoples from Ur to Canaan, Anatolia, and also to Europe. The river Düna has the name Don-aper. The Sons of Eber: Genesis10 And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat BOAR = EBER. 25 And unto EBER were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother' name was Joktan. 26 And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah, 27 And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah, 28 And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba, 29 And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab: all these were the sons of Joktan.
In Luhya M-ivri means a person passing by. Abiru means servents in the whole Great Lakes, it's a word associated with Bantu who were perceived as servents to the Nilotic warriors.
עבר can also mean immigrant in Hebrew עברי (havar) more accurately it means "passed/pass" and immigrant are passing a lot similarAkkadian My intuition is that "other side of the river" meaning is derived from "pass the river" עפר (in Hebrew (hafar means dust similar to old Egyptian I can see it interchangeable as mocking/translation error
These are helpful distinctions ... Habiru as you define it first made me think of Untouchables in India ... whether slaves of those days to minimum wage essential workers today ... the bottom of the pyramid of society gets no respect in this analogy ... The word Barbarian came to mind right away too ... named by the Greeks who only heard 'bababa' when foreigners spoke ... just lumping people together by that general reference, nothing to do with different groups within ... Nuances like this should be factored into any evaluation of hierarchical cultures. Makes me think! Thanks ...
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
They were not untouchables. It's a more nuanced thing than you can understand. I myself am a Habiru of India. We were wild races, not abiding by priestly rules of piousness thus getting shunned here and there due to our sinful deeds. Otherwise we were the people of God, the chosen people the Abhiru/Yadavas(Yahudis) amongst whom Krishna(Jesus) was born.
I'm 70 and have always felt uncomfortable with the approach of so many "scholars" looking askance at the Habiru. There were always conflicting and missing pieces to the puzzle few were willing to delve. After decades, I appreciate the assist in my understanding. Etymology is both fascinating and key in understanding the word's clarifying it's meaning, while aiding one's cognition. . . . New-Speak is quite worrisome, "In this Day and Age. I'd add an "LOL," if not for the seriousness of the matter.
The Shasu where also around at that time and believed to worship YWHY (The Soleb Inscription). The Shasu would have been yet another group among the hebrew class. But to what extend did they, if at all, defined the Israelite people?
What are your thoughts? Seth does a wonderful job in giving his thoughts and views on the Habiru, I will be posting another episode soon by Dr. Maier that presents a different view on the subject as well. Check out our new store! teespring.com/stores/the-history-shop Get your Sea Peoples | Late Bronze Age Merch below! Mugs: teespring.com/new-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=658&cid=102950 Hoodies | Shirts | Tank Tops: teespring.com/get-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=212&cid=5819 Get your Hittite Merch below! Mugs: teespring.com/HittiteEmpireMug?pid=658&cid=102950&sid=front Shirts | Tank Tops | Hoodies: teespring.com/hittite-empire-shirt?pid=2&cid=2397 Trojan War Merch Below! Mugs: teespring.com/trojan-war-coffee-mug?pid=658&cid=102950 Tank Tops | Shirts | Hoodies: teespring.com/TrojanWarShirt?pid=2&cid=2397 Get your face mask today! spqr-emporium.com/collections/face-masks?aff=3 Enjoy history merchandise? Check out affiliate link to SPQR Emporium! spqr-emporium.com?aff=3 To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: www.patreon.com/The_Study_of_Antiquity_and_the_Middle_Ages Donate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale *Dislaimer, the link above is an affiliate link which means we will earn a generous commission from your magnificent purchase, just another way to help out the channel! Join our community! Facebook Page: facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGES/ Twitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdale Instagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_ages/ Facebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170/
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
I want to ask you something, how come you say jews to describe the Israelite people or the descendants of Yaakov( Israel) if there were 12 tribes and the only tribe that was Jewish was the tribe of Judah? I don't think that if you traveled to the past to the time of the 12 tribes and told a man from the tribe of Zvulun that he is Jewish he would tell you no, I am a Zevulonite, the first time the word jews was written in the Bible was in the book of Esther, remember that the only tribes that remained were the Tribe of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin, that united with Judah after the exile of the 10 tribes to Asiria.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
@@dillhouston2833 Assyrian means Abhira people of abhira tribe ...present time called Ahir living in India ...and Their ancestors called Jadhav and Ahir
First there were the Habiru, one of the Habiru Patriarchs, a fella named Abram had a relationship with the Chief God of the Canaanitic Pantheon, name of “El”. “El” proposed a contract called “The Abrahamic Covenant” to Abram, who accepted this Covenanting for he and his Descendants. The Covenant was a 3 Cornered set of relationships, for this Man and his Family, involving the Deity, this Family, and a specific piece of geography. The obligation of the Family was not to come until later. Well, much happened, the Family grew until it was a set of Tribes, all led by a son of Jacob (also called Israel) and whose sons were often called “Israelites”, the Hebrew Patriarch, grandson of Abraham that was. These Habiru/Israelites no longer did child sacrifice, nor practiced a number of the other standard Canaanitic Tribal cultural protocols. Then, there was a terrible drought, so they eventually ran their Herds down to northern Egypt, which was being run by the West Akkadians, one of the distantly related. Semitic speaking groups who had conquered and set up their own Pharoah. Well the Israelites were doing ok in North Egypt under these “Hyksos” Big Bads, until they were run out by the native Egyptian Dynasty, who didn’t look at these Habiru/Israelites as anything but leftovers from the Hyksos era, and might as well use them for labor. They were there for awhile, got exposed to all sorts of ideas, such as Monotheism, and then the Bronze Age Collapse happened, and the Habiru/Israelites got out if Egypt, along with other groups of oppressed folks, and they were a “mixed multitude” that headed for their Canaanitic homeland. Well , they had lots of adventures and hardships, a lot of weeding out of those who weren’t getting with “El’s” Abrahamic Covenant, and finally, at Mt. Sinai, the ethnogenesis of the Jewish People, all of that mixed multitude that came out of Egypt who accepted following El’s Laws (Mosaic Covenant) as the fulfillment of the Patriarch Abraham’s Family obligation to uphold in order to complete the Covenant. The evolution of Hebrews and Israelites and into Jews began at that time, they are an EthnoReligious People, who, to this day, are faithful to the Covenanting, and still on the little piece of Canaan they are Covenanted to and with. Been conquered a bunch of times, with multitudes of them being dragged off and dispersed, but they always return, and they have always had some if them living in that Land they are Covenanted with.
Is there any chance the habiru had any connection to the Hyksos? both were nomadic tribes in the levant and had armies big enough to trouble any territory they went into.
I use to hate history in school but really enjoy learning about it now. THIS CHANNEL IS PERFECT FOR LEARNING HISTORY! Thank you.... Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages!!! I'm subscribed!!!
I am wondering if you put some pillows near or around your microphone, possibly a cloth backdrop,if that would improve the echo,and general quality of sound. Sounds like there are many hard surfaces nearby.
Always appreciate your presentations and the tenure of your arguments. History - especially ancient- seems to have remained frozen, regardless of any new discussion/discovery, so the novelty, the depth and width of your argument is really helpful and significant. Thank you
Their name isn’t Habiru. It’s Kabiru. Pronounced “Ka-fee-row” the priesthood sold into slavery during the construction of the great pyramids. It’s their culture and faith that shaped Judaism. Secondly, you can’t rely on modern Hebrew for translation as it was created very recently(less than 100 years ago).
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
As a native Hebrew speaker - the word for confuse comes from blbl, not bbl which isn't a word at all. Makes sense to me that babel means door-god, and the story about confused languages came later. Also, afr in Hebrew is dust, so afiru makes sense as a different word from avru as well.
Your lecture was a bit of confusing... Abraham/Isaac nor Jacob were a Jew. Clearly Aaron nor Moses was not a Jew. The Amarna Tablets do provide an very interesting narrative in comparison to the Torah. The Habiru seems to be a people group and not a particular tribe. Exodus 32 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him. 2 And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me.3 And all the people brake off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them unto Aaron 4 And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.5 And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast to the Lord. 26 Then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the Lord's side? let him come unto me. And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together unto him. 27 And he said unto them, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbour. 28 And the children of Levi did according to the word of Moses: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.
Linguistics kind of ignores something common place that we disparage today but have historically done. People commonly take a people identity name (like country or race would be a modern example) they don’t like and convert it into a slur or insult. It doesn’t have to be something remotely true - just demeaning and insulting. Like “polak” for Polish + Lach (slavic tribe) also meaning stupid. Or “Kano” used as a shortened Americano in the Philippines. So it’s easy to see how Habiru could have easily been converted to other meanings by the Egyptians and others. As former slaves they may well not have been the cleanest. The Bible says they took what they needed when leaving Egypt and the conquered cities taking things. So wander, thief, dirty…. all those could have become synonymous with habiru.
They were raiders bandits and nomadic migrant workers with mixed names . They raided Canaan sometimes siding with the Egyptians and raided against their vassals. The term changed over time and it might have morphed into Arab. They managed to conquer Egypt and were kicked out by Ahmose with a treaty that guarantees loyalty to Ahmose and that’s where we get Moses from Ahmose’s name mixed with Sargon of Akkad birth story.
From what we know of the Hebrew Patriarch Abram, they were primarily a scattered NW Semitic Tribal Group of Pastoralists. One of the last in a World that had begun with mixed agriculture. The story of Cain and Abel is a metaphorical. Likely descended from Natuffians.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
@@deepakkumaar7096 Habiru was “The Dusty Ones”. They were spread across the Fertile Crescent Region. Likely descended from one of the many Neolithic/Chalcolithic Canaanitic Tribes, which included “Wasteland” Tribes that lived on the edges of the Farmlands/Cities from the North Sinai to Anatolia, and then south and East into the Lands between the Two Rivers. The Habiru, as many Pastoralist Peoples were, skilled Smiths.
@@chet1921 The original Mesolithic/Neolithic People of the Levant. Believed to be the groupings who developed agriculture and animal husbandry. The story of Cain and Abel, and the initial conflicts between the Farmers and the Herders at the dawn of history. Possibly related ethnically and culturally to those who created Gobekli Tepe.
@@maracohen5930 Abhir were also stated Patrolists and cowherds. And also stated Robbers sometimes ..and Now Called Ahir Living in India... Inscriptions Books Mentioned then as Most Ancient tribe of India ..
In pretty much all language families there are basic words for "person", "people" and sometimes special words indicating a local ethnic political and tribal unity. I think in the case of the Semitic languages the word is seen in the middle part of Habiru - abir which is cognate with the word Arab. I imagine this probably just originally meant "The People" or "Our Tribe". The words Shem or Ham were probably the Afro-Asiatic words for "person". The 'am" element forming the basis of the name Adam.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
The Habiru were relatives of the Hebrews. Descendants of Ever= Eber. Their country of origin was Ararat = Kura Araxes = Kur = Hor. They were Horite Habreans. The Habiru were part of the Hyksos in Egypt. They also expanded north from there. The river Düna used to be called Don-aper.⬆
They were raiders bandits and nomadic migrant workers with mixed names . They raided Canaan sometimes siding with the Egyptians and raided against their vassals. The term changed over time and it might have morphed into Arab. They managed to conquer Egypt and were kicked out by Ahmose with a treaty that guarantees loyalty to Ahmose and that’s where we get Moses from Ahmose’s name mixed with Sargon of Akkad birth story.
Around 3:10 what are the references that cover the span of 1800 BCE to 1200 BCE? The Amarna letters are in the middle of those dates but what are the early references around 1800?
There is also the origin of the Armana tablets. While Egyptian Government could both read and write in cuneiform, these would be for communication with the foreign powers( Hittites Etc.) however for their own purposes, they would have used papyrus and a demotic script. So these tablets would have originated from outside Egypt, as Cuneiform tablets would have been received, and sent out, not kept as internal documents. Any mention of Habiru( Hebrew) as a people would have been reported from outside powers, not as an internal account. Additionally, with these reports, it would indicate that there were in Canaan, which while politically could have been a vassal state or an associated power, if the Old Testament reports in the book of Joshua are taken as history, any reports from Canaan would hav also been in a demotic script as would have been used when the Hebrews were in Goshen. While the proto-Hebrew/ Aramaic script was being devised.
Any Armani Tablet that attempts to report on anything circa 1200BCE, is not possible as Armana was abandoned after the reign of Tutankhamen, and by 1200BCE, the 19th Dynasty was already into it’s third ruler, Ramses II. Any conception that RamsesII was the Pharaoh of the Exodus cannot stand up to the archeological evidence as can be proved by a structural engineer. The Rubble stone / river stone)foundations of the Town( city ) of Ramses. Could never have supported the monumental stone work that was transported to Tanis. The only thing that could be supported by such foundations at first, would be the Mud-brick as reported that the Hebrews were forced to make while being enslaved, so this would have had to be when Ramses was ruled by the Hyksos Pharaohs. Then after the ground had sufficiently dried out, the foundations could have been rebuilt upon in the evidential stone. As to why the resetting of the reported timeline has not been adjusted to all the evidence can only be attributed to an accepted dictum from insufficient evidence from biblical archeologists of the late 19-20th Century, Who’s biases were to find what they wanted to find.
From my study, the term “Hebrew” is given to Abraham as the Patriarch of the faith in YAHWEH. The term “Israel” does not come about until Jacob receives the name change from “deceiver” to “God Rules” = ISRAEL, as the 12 SONS of Jacob develops into the 12 TRIBES of Israel. Later, when they receive the territory of Canaan and establish a monarchy, you then see the other nations calling them “Israelites”. There is NO REFERENCE or CONCEPTION of the term “Jew” until after the Babylonian Captivity of the Southern House of Judah. It is misleading and incorrect to even say “Jew” in the early history of the Israelites. Many teachers and leaders do not understand that Israel was never called the Jews. They had 2 different prophecies and 2 different identities.
MMM - Judah was on of the 12 tribes of Israel and Israel was a unitary nation until the death of Solomon when the divided into two kingdoms - 10 tribes in the north with Jeroboam as their king, they kept the name Israel. The other two tribes with Rehoboam as their king werein the south and were referred to as Judah and were later to be called Jews. So, as the saying goes "all jews are Israelites but not all Israelites are Jews.
@@fredgillespie5855 Yes, I know. The Bible says, “those from the tribe of Judah” when referring to each separate tribe when they were a United Monarchy for 120 years. When they split into the Northern Kingdom, ONLY the 10 tribes were called “Israelites”. The 2 tribes were called “those from the Southern Kingdom/House” or from the “House of Judah.” From 931 BCE and onward, the “Israelites” had a separate identity than the House of Judah (Jews). They are not the same group after this point. Many teachers confuse these separate identities and use it interchangeably. This is a big mistake.
@@fredgillespie5855 Correct, so when they divided in 931 BCE, the identity of ISRAEL (10 Tribes) was ALWAYS ISRAEL. They never ever ever were referred as “Jews”. They had a different prophesy to fulfill and a BIRTHRIGHT CALLING. The House of Judah at the split were called the House of Judah but in the Bible, they are only referred as “Jews” AFTER they return back into the land in the book of Ezra. Once they returned in 539 BCE, they too lost the name ISRAEL because the Tribe of Joseph (Ephraim) had to be in the land to keep that BIRTHRIGHT NAME. House of Judah ONLY had the BLESSING of Kingship from the Tribe of Judah. So the prophets distinguish the Lost 10 Tribes with the 50,000 (about) that returned from the Babylonian Captivity as Jews. The people living in Judea at that time were not called Israel. Only when referred to the past state of “unified 12 tribes”. This is why Jesus was tagged as “KING OF THE JEWS” NOT King of Israel when the sign was posted on the cross.
I suspect the term Hebrew or Habiru had many meanings. Are double-entendres common in ancient Hebrew texts? I'm of French origin, and the French have a strong tradition of double-entendre in their poems, songs and jokes. For example, a common gag used in French is someone playing a simpleton or a bum and saying things that on the surface seem innocent, but that have a second meaning that is very rude or critical. Another standard gag is having an innocent young girl saying things that seem innocent on the surface but that have a second meaning that is very sexual.
Double or triple entendres, punning, and other kinds of word play occur all over the place in the Hebrew Bible. Most are obliterated in translation. It's important to distinguish the investigation of the terms Habiru in Egyptian and Ivri in Hebrew-- these words may have entirely different connotations and double-entendres in their respective languages.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
Vazhga Thamizhan! It's a very good presentation on the origins of Habiru. You have tried to explain the root but not to the satisfaction. The truth is today, The Tamil scholars and linguists consider the Hebrews as a branch of Tamils who moved from Indus Civilization to Sameria. The whole bible contains Tamil names and culture. The true meaning of 'Habiru', 'Adam', 'Awa', Noah, Abraham, El, YHWH' etc. are found in Tamil Language. Could you please do some research in Tamil Language Where you as well as Linguist will be surprised, Awestruck to find a deep relationship between Tamil and Hebrew Culture and language. Valargha Valluvam!
A branch of Tamil *Ayars/Ahirs/Ābhīrs/Habir(u)s* if possible. Read Thapar on migration of Ayars north wards. The Indus was under rule of the Ābhīras since Ramayan and Mahabharat.
Habiru (sometimes written as Hapiru, and more accurately as ʿApiru, meaning "dusty, dirty";[1] Sumerian: 𒊓𒄤, sagaz; Akkadian: 𒄩𒁉𒊒, ḫabiru or ʿaperu) is a term used in 2nd-millennium BCE texts throughout the Fertile Crescent for people variously described as rebels, outlaws, raiders, mercenaries, bowmen, servants, slaves, and laborers.Habiru is etymologically related to the so-called biblical „Hebrews“. Once deceiving stealing criminal invaders, forever deceiving stealing criminal invaders!
Babel, Habiru, Belzebub have al probably the same Origin: a foreign language hear the world and try to adapt to their vocabulary, and then if some world is similar, the foreign meaning tends to stuck. The Babel tower was probably a fable told in Israel about a distant famous place, made up coming form the idea that it had to have something to do with "confusion". Hebrew and Habiru have the same connection: the "dusty meaning fits people coming form the desert (Sinai). Baal Ze Bul with the original meaning of "Sky Prince" becomes "Prince of the flies" as a mocking phrase from the Israelites. Apiru and Hebrew were probably the same thing indicating the same people but the meaning the world had for the Egyptian was different then it had for the Jews
Taking the Habiru as the same as Hebrew does not 'justify' the Torah and its detailed elaborate stories surrounding places and peoples. Archeology does not support that. What you have is a very bare scaffolding of true history being manipulated by later Judahites for their own religious purposes. The play on words is exactly what the Judahites (final redactors or authors of the text centuries later) are doing with the story of Abraham coming from across the river Euphrates. Taking your point, as correct, they are simply revamping Habiru (negative term) to Hebrews (glorious origins chosen by God) in order to separate themselves from other Canaanites. Where do we find 'Hebrew', as an ethnic term, outside these Biblical stories? The Habiru are primarily Canaanites who are against Egyptian control of their homeland or are frankly just damn greedy for land and power. Some of these Habiru become Israelites based upon their particular political and religious differences with other Canaanite tribes. As noted in I Sam.14:21 Hebrews and Israelites were different. I mean Israel itself is simply - “EL persists/prevails or rules”. You know the Canaanite god - not YHWH. The name as a group of peoples probably came about when there was a coalition of those (Habiru) who served and worship El above all others as opposed to the other gods in Egypt and Canaan as the Bronze Age Collapse began. YHWH worship probably came up from the south with the Sashu causing even more division as each vied for prominence! El was worshiped around Shiloh (places like Bethel, El Berith, Pennuel, etc.) Shiloh is just south of Shechem. In the Samaria Ostraca (800 BCE) there is a clan named Asriel located between Shechem and Shiloh. The Habiru were given land in/near Shechem by Labaya (Amarna Letters) a Canaanite warrior, c. 1350 BCE, whose rule was centered in Shechem. These eventually settle and develop clans, one of which was Asriel, then combine with Sashu and adopt YHWH from the south after 1200 BCE. So, by the time of 1208 BCE Israel is mentioned in the Merneptah Stele.
This time it was good that my phone listened to a good debate about the habiru as this popped up in my feed. Have subscribed and look forward to viewing it listening to the other lectures. Thank you .
Assuming that the Israelites were half migrant workers from Egypt and half canaanite Peasant revolt it would make sense for them to be called Habiru. Because that's who they are to others. Why do you think there was so much focus on equality within the tribe, and making sure slavery didnt last more than seven years, and abolishing debt
Remember Abraham left the Sumerian civilization and pitched his tent in the wilderness in order to marry his biological sister! The Hebrews were outcasts, taboo-breakers, the despised "other." The Torah and the Amarna tablets are using the term according to the same meaning.
All three languages Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittites that address the Hebrew people with three different meaning ... yes.. you will be able to understand clearly when we do the research from Tamil Language Perspective, all three meanings are interlinked historically. Hebrew means "The Poor Migrants from the Other Side of the River" as they migrated from Indus to Sumeria where already Tamils have built Sumerian Kingdom. The Sumerians accommodated their blood brethren and asked them to settle on the Other side of the River.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
I thought that at first. And I do think there might be a bit of shade in that direction. As one of Celtic origins I feel my people were shadowed by the Anglo-Saxon’s. But if Israel is of the the Habiru class and they rose above then it’s merely fascinating to learn the distinction. To clarify, an Irishman understands he is of the lower class.... but believes “a prophet is never accepted in his home town” or that god calls lowly men (and women) to prove the haughty feign. The man Jesus was a blue-collar worker who quit his job and became essentially a vanlifer. The message is... stop thinking you’re “the shit” and be happy within your means. Who cares about the rest 😏
Anyone have any insight on the possibility of the word "Hebrew" (root עבר) being a metathesis of the word "Arab" (root ערב) ? They both have similar meaninings, both peoples are related, the root word is almost the same just that the "b" and "r" root radical consonants are switched.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
@@deepakkumaar7096 1. Aristotle talks of the Jewish sages being the Kalani Jews from India so maybe and 2. Habiru means muaraders and migrants in old Semitic languages, they weren't just the people who became israelites
Interesting. I'm thinking it has more to do with language. You mentioned eber. Eber had two sons. Pe'leg and joktan. Pe'leg nsme means division or earths population. Its seems that division was language. Chapter 11 tells us how it happened when the earth was one language. Being that genesis 3:15 came through pe'leg, he and his son Re'u continued the original language known as Hebrew. Habriru may have been Japheth genesis 10:21>11:12. Also lot and haran is father. 11:27,31. Maybe you could explain genesis 4:26? Chapter 4 and 5 is the same as 10 and 11. Its not until seth we find age. How old was Adam when cain and able were born? Why don't we know the age of Cains descendents? Why don't we know the age of Japheth and ham and their descendants? Why is Shem like Seth? Seems to me genesis 4:26 is the key. Hebrew is the original language passed down through Pe'leg. Even in the 1st century it was still know. Acts 22:2. Realizing it's supernatural because it's the resurrected Jesus. At acts 26:14 Jesus appeared to Paul in a voice and spoke in the Hebrew language. Why not Greek? Paul wrote 13 letters in the Greek language. Why did the promised seed of genesis 3:15 speak in Hebrew? Looking at the name Israel, rael is alot like Reu'el. It's pronounced RA el just as my name is RA llins but spelt roll. My name is rooted with Re'u. Is it spelt Rau' and not Re'u? Ha or he? Or is it ae like Elon and Grimes named their son? Peace and agap'e.
The Habiru people came from southern Egypt and seems to have supported Akhenaton's new religion, to appease him, and thus got mentioned in the Amarna tablets. Later after exodus they returned to pagan believes and practices. Worship of one god was not established before Islam.
Don’t look now, but your bias is showing. Might want to cover that up. This was an historical (facts) study, not a treatise on the originality of the Abrahamic religions. Point of fact: Monotheism was around long before the Bronze Age, with clearly definable roots from Proto Indo-European cultures - all of which pre-date the peoples spoken about here. Of course, if you are only using a holy book for reference those details could easily be misconstrued, or missed entirely.
Certain Sounds were not voiced, Think in that context. Misir rA in it's Sacred spelling is Pronounced Messiah or Mi -Cy -Ra. Misir Ra Dondi Jon Cook The Son of The East ~...
Moses is fictional. Just an Egyptian name. Most probably the monotheism was adapted by Hebrews from the Medianites which were influenced by Amenkhotep IV.
The stories are virtually identical, with virtually identical dates. Egyptian dating constantly changes, so a discrepancy of less than a hundred years speaks to the point. Include that Canaan was under Egyptian rule and that Akhenaten was exiled for his religion and the two match up consistently. There is a tablet found that says that Akhenaton delivered the Canaanites to their promised land of pastures, so there is even documentation.
Hebrew means to cross over to pass over; it's an action. Ancient Hebrew(Ibriy). IB-REE Genesis 14:13 the first time it was mentioned according to the story.
Hebiru is a word from the name Eber who lived about 3,700 ago today or 1,700 BCE in the Isles or outer Islands? Eber son of Salah, son of Arphaxad son of Shem son of Noa (genesis 10:22-30). In genesis 11:1-2, it said that the patriarch travel from the East to settle at Shinar. Shinar is another name for Sumeria, the earliest civilization, where city of Sumer, Akkad, and Ur is and where Terah the father of Abraham was born in the Ur of the Chaldeans. Eber or Heber therefore from which the word Habiru or Heberu which means beyond which later become traveller is an eastern monarch from the eastern islands of southeast asia. Because the east of Shinar or Sumeria called beyond are the islands of southeast asia in which spain wrote a travel guide in 1600 where Ophir is. Ophir is a son of Eber whom he divided his lands with his brother Joktan (genesis 10:25).
its not. israelite come from beyond the river mean the beyond the euphrates. they are mesopatiam immigrant foreigner living in egpyt. egypt has same reaction as today. paranoia and xenophobia of foreigner and immigrant.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
Trace Abraham to Cutha Find the God of Cutha. The God of Cutha trace to the God of Tyre and Carthage. The God of Tyre and Carthage trace to Heru Khuti Trace Heru Khuti to Geburah Trace Geburah to El Gibor Trace El Gibor to Jesus
Habiru or apiru is Arab. Or drividian. The Aryans were the Hyksos/Minoan/Cappadocia who were all “white” but the apiru were darker or Arabs/Palestinians
Aryans weren't all white. Go around Iran and north india and see for yourself. Stop being ignorant. The hAbhiru were Abhirs of India, a mixed aryo-dravidian pastoralist warrior wild race
@@rsy3974 Israelites we’re Hyksos which were sintashta, Mitanni, etc. they were more likely from khazakstsn & Russia/chrimea areas. Israelites are not the Hebrews. They were brothers but not related. Stop being such a bitch and get over the colour of skin! U am I share the same pre history ancestors so there is no difference
@@rsy3974 the original word for Aryan was Brahman! The point is we are only being told half truths to keep opinions going in a direction to be controlled
Very broadly speaking, all of the above could be classified as West Asian peoples who migrated to either the Middle East or Southern Europe. Hence, one needs to think of the Eurasian continent rather than thinking of Europe & Asia as distinctly separate continents. These folks originally got around to lots of places. Indo-European languages, for example, blanket Southwest Asia, the Middle East, including North Africa, & Europe, & most likely along the way this has resulted in the intermixing of different ethnic groups, who have pillaged, conquered, & ravished each other from before the beginning of recorded time, & unfortunately will continue to do so until Doomsday.
@@EvelynElaineSmith I’m a proponent of a strange history or humanity being 100’s of millions of years old. Wheat, humans and a few other living things here in earth are genetically modified to precision. It’s nice to think we know our past but when the world shifts everything dissapears. I’m Australian and our native ppls here do talk of whales walking on land and sky beings coming down. I’ve seen things in the bush that are only in fairy tales. Nothing is what it seems and reality is much more extravagant then our tiny minds want to comprehend.
Before I even begin watching; Nibiru: Sumerian for He who Crosses; Habiru: They/Those Who Cross/wander.
Hebrew is the same as Bedouin, or Nomad.
Hi Nick and all. Just wanted to thank you, Nick, for introducing Seth and his channel to us. I particularly like that his channel vids with Sumer, then Egypt, and then the Bronze Age Collapse. Each topic so far is a series of 1 to 3 lectures and his research is exhaustive. Too, he’s always quick to inform the viewers of any ‘current’ alternative views extant in archeological and Biblical research. AND I REALLY ENJOY how he takes seemingly ‘settled’ facts, factoids, data pieces and tweezes the pieces apart and then puts them back together again, 1 piece at a time, explaining every step of the way AND (as I said) is quick to relate any extant debates and alternative interpretations EVERY STEP OF THE WAY.
Seth’s lectures typically run about an hour, so NO LECTURETTES THERE and he provides lots of pictures, maps, charts, textual references, etc. for a great experience.
...soooooo, THANKS AGAIN, Nick 😊✌️✌️✌️👍👍👍👌👌👌🇺🇸
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
Based on other accounts like from the tablets of Alalakh it seems like the Hebrews were Apiru but not all Apiru were Hebrews. Similarity, as you stated, Hebrews were israelite but not all israelites were Hebrew. Basically, both Apiru and Hebrew referred to a people group but not specifically to a well defined clan. More of a regional class of people with shared characteristics.
Ever = Eber, was the Father of the Hebrews and the Habiru.
@@siegfriedlechler7412 there is no definitive historical evidence proving that the apiru were synonymous with the Hebrews
@@Justinsatiable HELLO.
The Bible distinguishes between Israelites and Hebrews. In the war between the Philistines and Israel, non-Isreal Hebrews suddenly appear on the side of the Philistines:
1 Samuel 14:21 "And behold, swords of men fell against one another, and there was a very great uproar. 21 The Hebrews also, who had hitherto been with the Philistines and went to war with them, went over to those of Israel,..."
That means:
There were Hebrews who were not Israelites.
Both are descended from boar = ever the ancestor of Abraham. Ever lived in Ur in Chaldea Abraham's homeland. This was the land of the Horites.
So there are Israel Hebrews and Horite Hebrews.
The Hyksos of Egypt were part Habiru.
They had names like Hor and Jakob-Hor. This shows that the Habiru = Horites were. so it is very likely that the Habiru were relatives of the Isrealites.⬆
@@siegfriedlechler7412 oh I definitely agree that the Hebrews and the Israelites are not the same thing. Many Hebrews were not part of the Israelites identity. But the habiru, according to ancient texts, are not an ethnic group nor a geographical group. They were nomads who existed throughout the levant and Anatolia
@@Justinsatiable Heber the ancestor of Abraham who lived in Ur had many descendants who expanded as different peoples from Ur to Canaan, Anatolia, and also to Europe. The river Düna has the name Don-aper.
The Sons of Eber: Genesis10
And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat BOAR = EBER.
25
And unto EBER were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother' name was Joktan.
26
And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah,
27
And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,
28
And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba,
29
And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab: all these were the sons of Joktan.
The Septuagint text reinforces the meaning of “Hebrew” as “migrant/passenger”.
The map at 2:45 showing the Amarna tablet geographic references is fantastic.
In Luhya M-ivri means a person passing by.
Abiru means servents in the whole Great Lakes, it's a word associated with Bantu who were perceived as servents to the Nilotic warriors.
Bantus are Hebrews
Bullshit. That’s fake black Hebrew blather.
Had a friend that was Jewish.. he told me his family did not like to use the word Hebrew. So makes since now...
עבר can also mean immigrant in Hebrew עברי (havar)
more accurately it means "passed/pass" and immigrant are passing a lot
similarAkkadian
My intuition is that "other side of the river" meaning is derived from "pass the river"
עפר (in Hebrew (hafar
means dust similar to old Egyptian
I can see it interchangeable as mocking/translation error
These are helpful distinctions ...
Habiru as you define it first made me think of Untouchables in India ... whether slaves of those days to minimum wage essential workers today ... the bottom of the pyramid of society gets no respect in this analogy ...
The word Barbarian came to mind right away too ... named by the Greeks who only heard 'bababa' when foreigners spoke ... just lumping people together by that general reference, nothing to do with different groups within ...
Nuances like this should be factored into any evaluation of hierarchical cultures.
Makes me think! Thanks ...
Could it be a catchall term for anyone who is outside thee pharaohs control but live near Egypt maybe in the desert?
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
Yup, they weren’t the big bads of the Semitic Speaking Workd, that’s for sure.
They were not untouchables. It's a more nuanced thing than you can understand. I myself am a Habiru of India. We were wild races, not abiding by priestly rules of piousness thus getting shunned here and there due to our sinful deeds. Otherwise we were the people of God, the chosen people the Abhiru/Yadavas(Yahudis) amongst whom Krishna(Jesus) was born.
@@rsy3974 Are you aheer??
I'm 70 and have always felt uncomfortable with the approach of so many "scholars" looking askance at the Habiru. There were always conflicting and missing pieces to the puzzle few were willing to delve. After decades, I appreciate the assist in my understanding.
Etymology is both fascinating and key in understanding the word's clarifying it's meaning, while aiding one's cognition. . . . New-Speak is quite worrisome, "In this Day and Age. I'd add an "LOL," if not for the seriousness of the matter.
The Shasu where also around at that time and believed to worship YWHY (The Soleb Inscription). The Shasu would have been yet another group among the hebrew class. But to what extend did they, if at all, defined the Israelite people?
What are your thoughts? Seth does a wonderful job in giving his thoughts and views on the Habiru, I will be posting another episode soon by Dr. Maier that presents a different view on the subject as well. Check out our new store! teespring.com/stores/the-history-shop
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Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
I want to ask you something, how come you say jews to describe the Israelite people or the descendants of Yaakov( Israel) if there were 12 tribes and the only tribe that was Jewish was the tribe of Judah? I don't think that if you traveled to the past to the time of the 12 tribes and told a man from the tribe of Zvulun that he is Jewish he would tell you no, I am a Zevulonite, the first time the word jews was written in the Bible was in the book of Esther, remember that the only tribes that remained were the Tribe of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin, that united with Judah after the exile of the 10 tribes to Asiria.
Assyria?
Europeans have manipulated the Ancient bible story that nothing makes sense anymore!!
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
@@dillhouston2833 Assyrian means Abhira people of abhira tribe ...present time called Ahir living in India ...and Their ancestors called Jadhav and Ahir
First there were the Habiru, one of the Habiru Patriarchs, a fella named Abram had a relationship with the Chief God of the Canaanitic Pantheon, name of “El”. “El” proposed a contract called “The Abrahamic Covenant” to Abram, who accepted this Covenanting for he and his Descendants. The Covenant was a 3 Cornered set of relationships, for this Man and his Family, involving the Deity, this Family, and a specific piece of geography. The obligation of the Family was not to come until later. Well, much happened, the Family grew until it was a set of Tribes, all led by a son of Jacob (also called Israel) and whose sons were often called “Israelites”, the Hebrew Patriarch, grandson of Abraham that was. These Habiru/Israelites no longer did child sacrifice, nor practiced a number of the other standard Canaanitic Tribal cultural protocols. Then, there was a terrible drought, so they eventually ran their Herds down to northern Egypt, which was being run by the West Akkadians, one of the distantly related. Semitic speaking groups who had conquered and set up their own Pharoah. Well the Israelites were doing ok in North Egypt under these “Hyksos” Big Bads, until they were run out by the native Egyptian Dynasty, who didn’t look at these Habiru/Israelites as anything but leftovers from the Hyksos era, and might as well use them for labor. They were there for awhile, got exposed to all sorts of ideas, such as Monotheism, and then the Bronze Age Collapse happened, and the Habiru/Israelites got out if Egypt, along with other groups of oppressed folks, and they were a “mixed multitude” that headed for their Canaanitic homeland. Well , they had lots of adventures and hardships, a lot of weeding out of those who weren’t getting with “El’s” Abrahamic Covenant, and finally, at Mt. Sinai, the ethnogenesis of the Jewish People, all of that mixed multitude that came out of Egypt who accepted following El’s Laws (Mosaic Covenant) as the fulfillment of the Patriarch Abraham’s Family obligation to uphold in order to complete the Covenant. The evolution of Hebrews and Israelites and into Jews began at that time, they are an EthnoReligious People, who, to this day, are faithful to the Covenanting, and still on the little piece of Canaan they are Covenanted to and with. Been conquered a bunch of times, with multitudes of them being dragged off and dispersed, but they always return, and they have always had some if them living in that Land they are Covenanted with.
Is there any chance the habiru had any connection to the Hyksos? both were nomadic tribes in the levant and had armies big enough to trouble any territory they went into.
Yes and both were Indian Aryans
Zeus, the Hyksos & The Aryan Invasion
Damian Beeson
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I am wondering if you put some pillows near or around your microphone, possibly a cloth backdrop,if that would improve the echo,and general quality of sound. Sounds like there are many hard surfaces nearby.
Fabulous. Always learn so much, from Seth.
Great to hear!
Always appreciate your presentations and the tenure of your arguments. History - especially ancient- seems to have remained frozen, regardless of any new discussion/discovery, so the novelty, the depth and width of your argument is really helpful and significant. Thank you
i love the depth of this presentation
Their name isn’t Habiru. It’s Kabiru. Pronounced “Ka-fee-row” the priesthood sold into slavery during the construction of the great pyramids. It’s their culture and faith that shaped Judaism.
Secondly, you can’t rely on modern Hebrew for translation as it was created very recently(less than 100 years ago).
The construction of the Gizeh Pyramids predate Egyptian dynasties by thousands of years Ethiopian Enoch is the architect
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
False. Ābhīra=Apiru
Absolutely. The same priesthood that carries the office of Mugo wa Kabiru. Today, we are called Agikuyu.
excellent video.
many thanks.
have a great day always.
Thank you! You too! And thanks for your support!
A Diamond in the "rough" - Apiru
As a native Hebrew speaker - the word for confuse comes from blbl, not bbl which isn't a word at all. Makes sense to me that babel means door-god, and the story about confused languages came later.
Also, afr in Hebrew is dust, so afiru makes sense as a different word from avru as well.
thanks so much. great content. a suggestion...slow down a bit and try to be more emphatic about each salient point you are trying to make. thanks
Your lecture was a bit of confusing... Abraham/Isaac nor Jacob were a Jew. Clearly Aaron nor Moses was not a Jew. The Amarna Tablets do provide an very interesting narrative in comparison to the Torah. The Habiru seems to be a people group and not a particular tribe.
Exodus 32 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.
2 And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me.3 And all the people brake off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them unto Aaron 4 And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.5 And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast to the Lord.
26 Then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the Lord's side? let him come unto me. And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together unto him. 27 And he said unto them, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbour. 28 And the children of Levi did according to the word of Moses: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.
That was absolutely incredible
Select "Sparks" Layer and change Blending monde to: SCREEN.
Linguistics kind of ignores something common place that we disparage today but have historically done. People commonly take a people identity name (like country or race would be a modern example) they don’t like and convert it into a slur or insult. It doesn’t have to be something remotely true - just demeaning and insulting. Like “polak” for Polish + Lach (slavic tribe) also meaning stupid. Or “Kano” used as a shortened Americano in the Philippines. So it’s easy to see how Habiru could have easily been converted to other meanings by the Egyptians and others. As former slaves they may well not have been the cleanest. The Bible says they took what they needed when leaving Egypt and the conquered cities taking things. So wander, thief, dirty…. all those could have become synonymous with habiru.
Excellent exposition, thank you.
You're very welcome
They were raiders bandits and nomadic migrant workers with mixed names . They raided Canaan sometimes siding with the Egyptians and raided against their vassals. The term changed over time and it might have morphed into Arab. They managed to conquer Egypt and were kicked out by Ahmose with a treaty that guarantees loyalty to Ahmose and that’s where we get Moses from Ahmose’s name mixed with Sargon of Akkad birth story.
I Enjoyed the commentary and the entomology.
You're right. The Hapiru were the Hebrews.
No, they where Horite Hebrews, Relatives of Abraham .
From what we know of the Hebrew Patriarch Abram, they were primarily a scattered NW Semitic Tribal Group of Pastoralists. One of the last in a World that had begun with mixed agriculture. The story of Cain and Abel is a metaphorical. Likely descended from Natuffians.
Natuffians?
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
@@deepakkumaar7096 Habiru was “The Dusty Ones”. They were spread across the Fertile Crescent Region. Likely descended from one of the many Neolithic/Chalcolithic Canaanitic Tribes, which included “Wasteland” Tribes that lived on the edges of the Farmlands/Cities from the North Sinai to Anatolia, and then south and East into the Lands between the Two Rivers. The Habiru, as many Pastoralist Peoples were, skilled Smiths.
@@chet1921 The original Mesolithic/Neolithic People of the Levant. Believed to be the groupings who developed agriculture and animal husbandry. The story of Cain and Abel, and the initial conflicts between the Farmers and the Herders at the dawn of history. Possibly related ethnically and culturally to those who created Gobekli Tepe.
@@maracohen5930 Abhir were also stated Patrolists and cowherds. And also stated Robbers sometimes ..and Now Called Ahir Living in India... Inscriptions Books Mentioned then as Most Ancient tribe of India ..
Absolutely phenomenal research-very good! Your awesome! I LOVE YOUR WK!💛❤💛❤
In pretty much all language families there are basic words for "person", "people" and sometimes special words indicating a local ethnic political and tribal unity. I think in the case of the Semitic languages the word is seen in the middle part of Habiru - abir which is cognate with the word Arab. I imagine this probably just originally meant "The People" or "Our Tribe". The words Shem or Ham were probably the Afro-Asiatic words for "person". The 'am" element forming the basis of the name Adam.
Love this one super interesting especially for me as a Jew
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
The Habiru where Indoarians = Horite Hebrews
@@siegfriedlechler7412 the abhira tribe was also indo Aryan
Absolutely great video, thanks. You should do a etymology video for the word Canaan too!
What's the evidence for the 'river' being the Euphrates? Is the name 'Abraham' cognate with 'eber'?
The Habiru were relatives of the Hebrews. Descendants of Ever= Eber. Their country of origin was Ararat = Kura Araxes = Kur = Hor. They were Horite Habreans. The Habiru were part of the Hyksos in Egypt. They also expanded north from there. The river Düna used to be called Don-aper.⬆
If Habiru meant crossing the river then Moses had the Israelites cross back.
They were raiders bandits and nomadic migrant workers with mixed names . They raided Canaan sometimes siding with the Egyptians and raided against their vassals. The term changed over time and it might have morphed into Arab. They managed to conquer Egypt and were kicked out by Ahmose with a treaty that guarantees loyalty to Ahmose and that’s where we get Moses from Ahmose’s name mixed with Sargon of Akkad birth story.
It's referring to the Euphrates. Not the Jordan.
@@josephhebert1785 thanks
@@michealjackson8269 welp that's what a humiliated nation would call the Hebrews after what they did to the Egyptians.
Around 3:10 what are the references that cover the span of 1800 BCE to 1200 BCE? The Amarna letters are in the middle of those dates but what are the early references around 1800?
There is also the origin of the Armana tablets. While Egyptian Government could both read and write in cuneiform, these would be for communication with the foreign powers( Hittites Etc.) however for their own purposes, they would have used papyrus and a demotic script. So these tablets would have originated from outside Egypt, as Cuneiform tablets would have been received, and sent out, not kept as internal documents. Any mention of Habiru( Hebrew) as a people would have been reported from outside powers, not as an internal account.
Additionally, with these reports, it would indicate that there were in Canaan, which while politically could have been a vassal state or an associated power, if the Old Testament reports in the book of Joshua are taken as history, any reports from Canaan would hav also been in a demotic script as would have been used when the Hebrews were in Goshen. While the proto-Hebrew/ Aramaic script was being devised.
Any Armani Tablet that attempts to report on anything circa 1200BCE, is not possible as Armana was abandoned after the reign of Tutankhamen, and by 1200BCE, the 19th Dynasty was already into it’s third ruler, Ramses II. Any conception that RamsesII was the Pharaoh of the Exodus cannot stand up to the archeological evidence as can be proved by a structural engineer. The Rubble stone / river stone)foundations of the Town( city ) of Ramses. Could never have supported the monumental stone work that was transported to Tanis. The only thing that could be supported by such foundations at first, would be the Mud-brick as reported that the Hebrews were forced to make while being enslaved, so this would have had to be when Ramses was ruled by the Hyksos Pharaohs. Then after the ground had sufficiently dried out, the foundations could have been rebuilt upon in the evidential stone. As to why the resetting of the reported timeline has not been adjusted to all the evidence can only be attributed to an accepted dictum from insufficient evidence from biblical archeologists of the late 19-20th Century, Who’s biases were to find what they wanted to find.
From my study, the term “Hebrew” is given to Abraham as the Patriarch of the faith in YAHWEH. The term “Israel” does not come about until Jacob receives the name change from “deceiver” to “God Rules” = ISRAEL, as the 12 SONS of Jacob develops into the 12 TRIBES of Israel. Later, when they receive the territory of Canaan and establish a monarchy, you then see the other nations calling them “Israelites”. There is NO REFERENCE or CONCEPTION of the term “Jew” until after the Babylonian Captivity of the Southern House of Judah. It is misleading and incorrect to even say “Jew” in the early history of the Israelites. Many teachers and leaders do not understand that Israel was never called the Jews. They had 2 different prophecies and 2 different identities.
Hebrew means to cross over or to pass over its in Genesis 14:13 (Genes of Isis).
MMM - Judah was on of the 12 tribes of Israel and Israel was a unitary nation until the death of Solomon when the divided into two kingdoms - 10 tribes in the north with Jeroboam as their king, they kept the name Israel. The other two tribes with Rehoboam as their king werein the south and were referred to as Judah and were later to be called Jews. So, as the saying goes "all jews are Israelites but not all Israelites are Jews.
@@fredgillespie5855 Give me evidence that a King Named Solomon existed I will wait for your reply.
@@fredgillespie5855 Yes, I know. The Bible says, “those from the tribe of Judah” when referring to each separate tribe when they were a United Monarchy for 120 years.
When they split into the Northern Kingdom, ONLY the 10 tribes were called “Israelites”.
The 2 tribes were called “those from the Southern Kingdom/House” or from the “House of Judah.” From 931 BCE and onward, the “Israelites” had a separate identity than the House of Judah (Jews).
They are not the same group after this point. Many teachers confuse these separate identities and use it interchangeably. This is a big mistake.
@@fredgillespie5855 Correct, so when they divided in 931 BCE, the identity of ISRAEL (10 Tribes) was ALWAYS ISRAEL. They never ever ever were referred as “Jews”. They had a different prophesy to fulfill and a BIRTHRIGHT CALLING.
The House of Judah at the split were called the House of Judah but in the Bible, they are only referred as “Jews” AFTER they return back into the land in the book of Ezra.
Once they returned in 539 BCE, they too lost the name ISRAEL because the Tribe of Joseph (Ephraim) had to be in the land to keep that BIRTHRIGHT NAME. House of Judah ONLY had the BLESSING of Kingship from the Tribe of Judah.
So the prophets distinguish the Lost 10 Tribes with the 50,000 (about) that returned from the Babylonian Captivity as Jews.
The people living in Judea at that time were not called Israel. Only when referred to the past state of “unified 12 tribes”.
This is why Jesus was tagged as “KING OF THE JEWS” NOT King of Israel when the sign was posted on the cross.
Hibiru are bantus and the real Hebrew are bantus habiru
Exactly! Europeans will never accept.
Look at the genetics before dreaming
@@rsy3974 you dreaming habiru means dark people from Nabiru cosmos original......just being feed lies......did this ashkanazi in Africa testing people
Haibiru was a lifestyle. It was one who moved and sold services.
How can the amarna letters span from 1800 bc to 1300 bc if it was under Akhenaten?
Right, ca.1350 BC
@@charlesfenwick6554 so the cuneiform was used on mass for 400 years for trade? Interesting
Not only used for trade but also for diplomatic relations.
I suspect the term Hebrew or Habiru had many meanings. Are double-entendres common in ancient Hebrew texts? I'm of French origin, and the French have a strong tradition of double-entendre in their poems, songs and jokes. For example, a common gag used in French is someone playing a simpleton or a bum and saying things that on the surface seem innocent, but that have a second meaning that is very rude or critical. Another standard gag is having an innocent young girl saying things that seem innocent on the surface but that have a second meaning that is very sexual.
Double or triple entendres, punning, and other kinds of word play occur all over the place in the Hebrew Bible. Most are obliterated in translation. It's important to distinguish the investigation of the terms Habiru in Egyptian and Ivri in Hebrew-- these words may have entirely different connotations and double-entendres in their respective languages.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
Vazhga Thamizhan!
It's a very good presentation on the origins of Habiru. You have tried to explain the root but not to the satisfaction. The truth is today, The Tamil scholars and linguists consider the Hebrews as a branch of Tamils who moved from Indus Civilization to Sameria. The whole bible contains Tamil names and culture. The true meaning of 'Habiru', 'Adam', 'Awa', Noah, Abraham, El, YHWH' etc. are found in Tamil Language. Could you please do some research in Tamil Language Where you as well as Linguist will be surprised, Awestruck to find a deep relationship between Tamil and Hebrew Culture and language.
Valargha Valluvam!
A branch of Tamil *Ayars/Ahirs/Ābhīrs/Habir(u)s* if possible. Read Thapar on migration of Ayars north wards. The Indus was under rule of the Ābhīras since Ramayan and Mahabharat.
Habiru (sometimes written as Hapiru, and more accurately as ʿApiru, meaning "dusty, dirty";[1] Sumerian: 𒊓𒄤, sagaz; Akkadian: 𒄩𒁉𒊒, ḫabiru or ʿaperu) is a term used in 2nd-millennium BCE texts throughout the Fertile Crescent for people variously described as rebels, outlaws, raiders, mercenaries, bowmen, servants, slaves, and laborers.Habiru is etymologically related to the so-called biblical „Hebrews“. Once deceiving stealing criminal invaders, forever deceiving stealing criminal invaders!
Babel, Habiru, Belzebub have al probably the same Origin: a foreign language hear the world and try to adapt to their vocabulary, and then if some world is similar, the foreign meaning tends to stuck.
The Babel tower was probably a fable told in Israel about a distant famous place, made up coming form the idea that it had to have something to do with "confusion".
Hebrew and Habiru have the same connection: the "dusty meaning fits people coming form the desert (Sinai). Baal Ze Bul with the original meaning of "Sky Prince" becomes "Prince of the flies" as a mocking phrase from the Israelites.
Apiru and Hebrew were probably the same thing indicating the same people but the meaning the world had for the Egyptian was different then it had for the Jews
"If you look on the right hand side ..." 10:06 Well, I also confuse right and left. ;-)
Awesome 👍
Thank you! Cheers!
I watched until you mentioned Shem and Noah. At that point I knew you were lacking a few synapses.
That was what I thought too, of course minus your scholarly knowledge.
Taking the Habiru as the same as Hebrew does not 'justify' the Torah and its detailed elaborate stories surrounding places and peoples. Archeology does not support that. What you have is a very bare scaffolding of true history being manipulated by later Judahites for their own religious purposes. The play on words is exactly what the Judahites (final redactors or authors of the text centuries later) are doing with the story of Abraham coming from across the river Euphrates. Taking your point, as correct, they are simply revamping Habiru (negative term) to Hebrews (glorious origins chosen by God) in order to separate themselves from other Canaanites. Where do we find 'Hebrew', as an ethnic term, outside these Biblical stories? The Habiru are primarily Canaanites who are against Egyptian control of their homeland or are frankly just damn greedy for land and power. Some of these Habiru become Israelites based upon their particular political and religious differences with other Canaanite tribes. As noted in I Sam.14:21 Hebrews and Israelites were different. I mean Israel itself is simply - “EL persists/prevails or rules”. You know the Canaanite god - not YHWH. The name as a group of peoples probably came about when there was a coalition of those (Habiru) who served and worship El above all others as opposed to the other gods in Egypt and Canaan as the Bronze Age Collapse began. YHWH worship probably came up from the south with the Sashu causing even more division as each vied for prominence! El was worshiped around Shiloh (places like Bethel, El Berith, Pennuel, etc.) Shiloh is just south of Shechem. In the Samaria Ostraca (800 BCE) there is a clan named Asriel located between Shechem and Shiloh. The Habiru were given land in/near Shechem by Labaya (Amarna Letters) a Canaanite warrior, c. 1350 BCE, whose rule was centered in Shechem. These eventually settle and develop clans, one of which was Asriel, then combine with Sashu and adopt YHWH from the south after 1200 BCE. So, by the time of 1208 BCE Israel is mentioned in the Merneptah Stele.
🕎🕎Very🕎🕎insightful ✡️✡️Many thanks✡️🔯✡️🔯Great scholarship 24:44
what about Iberia?
This time it was good that my phone listened to a good debate about the habiru as this popped up in my feed. Have subscribed and look forward to viewing it listening to the other lectures. Thank you .
*and listening
Assuming that the Israelites were half migrant workers from Egypt and half canaanite Peasant revolt it would make sense for them to be called Habiru. Because that's who they are to others. Why do you think there was so much focus on equality within the tribe, and making sure slavery didnt last more than seven years, and abolishing debt
The Apiru of Heliopolis
You cannot take the Bible as a history textbook. Methodologically your lecture is unacceptable.
Remember Abraham left the Sumerian civilization and pitched his tent in the wilderness in order to marry his biological sister!
The Hebrews were outcasts, taboo-breakers, the despised "other." The Torah and the Amarna tablets are using the term according to the same meaning.
YHWH called his people Israel the nation in scripture he said ur name s no more Jacob now ur name is Israel now known as the Hebrew Israelites
This guy needs a better microphone.
Agree
A Jew would have been someone from Judah, which is way after the time the Hebrews supposedly made their exodus from Egypt.
All three languages Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittites that address the Hebrew people with three different meaning ... yes.. you will be able to understand clearly when we do the research from Tamil Language Perspective, all three meanings are interlinked historically. Hebrew means "The Poor Migrants from the Other Side of the River" as they migrated from Indus to Sumeria where already Tamils have built Sumerian Kingdom. The Sumerians accommodated their blood brethren and asked them to settle on the Other side of the River.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
The Indus was under Abhira/Habiru/Apir/Apiru rule. I am an Abhir.
Wow..seems like a bit of an agenda in that disassociation explanation.
I thought that at first. And I do think there might be a bit of shade in that direction. As one of Celtic origins I feel my people were shadowed by the Anglo-Saxon’s. But if Israel is of the the Habiru class and they rose above then it’s merely fascinating to learn the distinction. To clarify, an Irishman understands he is of the lower class.... but believes “a prophet is never accepted in his home town” or that god calls lowly men (and women) to prove the haughty feign. The man Jesus was a blue-collar worker who quit his job and became essentially a vanlifer. The message is... stop thinking you’re “the shit” and be happy within your means. Who cares about the rest 😏
The Apiru and not the jews were the first inhabitants of Palestine
Anyone have any insight on the possibility of the word "Hebrew" (root עבר) being a metathesis of the word "Arab" (root ערב) ? They both have similar meaninings, both peoples are related, the root word is almost the same just that the "b" and "r" root radical consonants are switched.
Yup! You are correct!
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
@@deepakkumaar7096 1. Aristotle talks of the Jewish sages being the Kalani Jews from India so maybe and 2. Habiru means muaraders and migrants in old Semitic languages, they weren't just the people who became israelites
@@Aj-zr8dz abhira People are called Robbers and Violent in inscriptions of India.
@@Aj-zr8dz And undated book Mahabharta States that after Mahabharta war Some Abhiras moved to West of India.
Interesting. I'm thinking it has more to do with language. You mentioned eber. Eber had two sons. Pe'leg and joktan. Pe'leg nsme means division or earths population. Its seems that division was language. Chapter 11 tells us how it happened when the earth was one language. Being that genesis 3:15 came through pe'leg, he and his son Re'u continued the original language known as Hebrew. Habriru may have been Japheth genesis 10:21>11:12. Also lot and haran is father. 11:27,31. Maybe you could explain genesis 4:26? Chapter 4 and 5 is the same as 10 and 11. Its not until seth we find age. How old was Adam when cain and able were born? Why don't we know the age of Cains descendents? Why don't we know the age of Japheth and ham and their descendants? Why is Shem like Seth? Seems to me genesis 4:26 is the key. Hebrew is the original language passed down through Pe'leg. Even in the 1st century it was still know. Acts 22:2. Realizing it's supernatural because it's the resurrected Jesus. At acts 26:14 Jesus appeared to Paul in a voice and spoke in the Hebrew language. Why not Greek? Paul wrote 13 letters in the Greek language. Why did the promised seed of genesis 3:15 speak in Hebrew? Looking at the name Israel, rael is alot like Reu'el. It's pronounced RA el just as my name is RA llins but spelt roll. My name is rooted with Re'u. Is it spelt Rau' and not Re'u? Ha or he? Or is it ae like Elon and Grimes named their son?
Peace and agap'e.
The Habiru people came from southern Egypt and seems to have supported Akhenaton's new religion, to appease him, and thus got mentioned in the Amarna tablets. Later after exodus they returned to pagan believes and practices. Worship of one god was not established before Islam.
Monotheism was not established until Islam? What would you propose to call Christianity?
Don’t look now, but your bias is showing. Might want to cover that up. This was an historical (facts) study, not a treatise on the originality of the Abrahamic religions. Point of fact: Monotheism was around long before the Bronze Age, with clearly definable roots from Proto Indo-European cultures - all of which pre-date the peoples spoken about here. Of course, if you are only using a holy book for reference those details could easily be misconstrued, or missed entirely.
Certain Sounds were not voiced, Think in that context. Misir rA in it's Sacred spelling is Pronounced Messiah or Mi -Cy -Ra.
Misir Ra Dondi Jon Cook The Son of The East ~...
Habiru ~ Hamrabbi
Avarim (in horrible hebrew transcription) those who pass over. Abraham being the first to leave paganism. I think it's a monotheist.
Hiba-who???
It's NOT akheNaten, rather, it IS akheTaten.
os hebreus da gibiblia e os sashu são os levitas
Hadda from reno
Habiru were the Abhira/Ahirs of modern day India, a pastoral warrior wild race.
Tower of Bobble?
{:o:O:}
Second
Moses was Akhenaten. Seems obvious.
Moses is fictional.
Just an Egyptian name.
Most probably the monotheism was adapted by Hebrews from the Medianites which were influenced by Amenkhotep IV.
The time period does not match at all. Akhenaten comes about a century later after Moses’ time.
The stories are virtually identical, with virtually identical dates. Egyptian dating constantly changes, so a discrepancy of less than a hundred years speaks to the point. Include that Canaan was under Egyptian rule and that Akhenaten was exiled for his religion and the two match up consistently. There is a tablet found that says that Akhenaton delivered the Canaanites to their promised land of pastures, so there is even documentation.
Hebrew means to cross over to pass over; it's an action. Ancient Hebrew(Ibriy). IB-REE Genesis 14:13 the first time it was mentioned according to the story.
Hebiru is a word from the name Eber who lived about 3,700 ago today or 1,700 BCE in the Isles or outer Islands? Eber son of Salah, son of Arphaxad son of Shem son of Noa (genesis 10:22-30).
In genesis 11:1-2, it said that the patriarch travel from the East to settle at Shinar. Shinar is another name for Sumeria, the earliest civilization, where city of Sumer, Akkad, and Ur is and where Terah the father of Abraham was born in the Ur of the Chaldeans.
Eber or Heber therefore from which the word Habiru or Heberu which means beyond which later become traveller is an eastern monarch from the eastern islands of southeast asia. Because the east of Shinar or Sumeria called beyond are the islands of southeast asia in which spain wrote a travel guide in 1600 where Ophir is. Ophir is a son of Eber whom he divided his lands with his brother Joktan (genesis 10:25).
its not. israelite come from beyond the river mean the beyond the euphrates. they are mesopatiam immigrant foreigner living in egpyt. egypt has same reaction as today. paranoia and xenophobia of foreigner and immigrant.
Hello an Ancient time tribe Abhira(Ahir) living in India...abhira and Habiru Their language and words match with each other ...and Indian sculpture book Mahabharta states that Abhira tribe moved to the The area where Habiru lived..may be they are same
Hebrew /Habiru/Apiru=Horites
Horites=Followers of Heru
Abraham was Horite
jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2011/01/who-were-horites.html?m=1
Sigh...hogwash from your covert biased perception of someone else’s history.
Trace Abraham to Cutha
Find the God of Cutha.
The God of Cutha trace to the God of Tyre and Carthage.
The God of Tyre and Carthage trace to Heru Khuti
Trace Heru Khuti to Geburah
Trace Geburah to El Gibor
Trace El Gibor to Jesus
Did You ever ask yourself with WHICH WOMAN Sem Cham and Japhet could have propagated their genure ? Was she their mother ?
Always these people.. 🤮
Habiru or apiru is Arab. Or drividian. The Aryans were the Hyksos/Minoan/Cappadocia who were all “white” but the apiru were darker or Arabs/Palestinians
Aryans weren't all white. Go around Iran and north india and see for yourself. Stop being ignorant.
The hAbhiru were Abhirs of India, a mixed aryo-dravidian pastoralist warrior wild race
@@rsy3974 Israelites we’re Hyksos which were sintashta, Mitanni, etc. they were more likely from khazakstsn & Russia/chrimea areas. Israelites are not the Hebrews. They were brothers but not related.
Stop being such a bitch and get over the colour of skin! U am I share the same pre history ancestors so there is no difference
@@rsy3974 the original word for Aryan was Brahman!
The point is we are only being told half truths to keep opinions going in a direction to be controlled
Very broadly speaking, all of the above could be classified as West Asian peoples who migrated to either the Middle East or Southern Europe. Hence, one needs to think of the Eurasian continent rather than thinking of Europe & Asia as distinctly separate continents. These folks originally got around to lots of places. Indo-European languages, for example, blanket Southwest Asia, the Middle East, including North Africa, & Europe, & most likely along the way this has resulted in the intermixing of different ethnic groups, who have pillaged, conquered, & ravished each other from before the beginning of recorded time, & unfortunately will continue to do so until Doomsday.
@@EvelynElaineSmith I’m a proponent of a strange history or humanity being 100’s of millions of years old. Wheat, humans and a few other living things here in earth are genetically modified to precision.
It’s nice to think we know our past but when the world shifts everything dissapears. I’m Australian and our native ppls here do talk of whales walking on land and sky beings coming down. I’ve seen things in the bush that are only in fairy tales.
Nothing is what it seems and reality is much more extravagant then our tiny minds want to comprehend.