Neil deGrasse Tyson: Life on Europa, Jupiter's Moons, Ice Fishing and Racket Sports | Big Think
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- Опубліковано 12 тра 2024
- Neil deGrasse Tyson: Life on Europa, Jupiter's Moons, Ice Fishing and Racket Sports
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Where there is water, there is life-and Europa’s got water alright: scientists believe it has twice the volume of Earth’s oceans swirling beneath its kilometers-thick ice crust. A moon in Jupiter’s massive orbit, Europa has captivated astrophysicists, including Neil deGrasse Tyson, because it has completely blown open the borders in the search for life in our universe. Europa is well outside of the life-supporting "Goldilocks Zone". Tyson explains how liquid water can exist in such a frozen part of our solar system, and how engineers might approach getting through all that ice to potentially come face to face/membrane with life, whether simple or complex. It won’t be too long before NASA’s ‘Europa Clipper’ mission makes its move to investigate the habitability of the icy moon: it will head for Europa in the 2020s. Tyson's new book is Astrophysics for People in a Hurry.
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NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON:
Neil deGrasse Tyson was born and raised in New York City where he was educated in the public schools clear through his graduation from the Bronx High School of Science. Tyson went on to earn his BA in Physics from Harvard and his PhD in Astrophysics from Columbia. He is the first occupant of the Frederick P. Rose Directorship of the Hayden Planetarium. His professional research interests are broad, but include star formation, exploding stars, dwarf galaxies, and the structure of our Milky Way. Tyson obtains his data from the Hubble Space Telescope, as well as from telescopes in California, New Mexico, Arizona, and in the Andes Mountains of Chile.Tyson is the recipient of nine honorary doctorates and the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal. His contributions to the public appreciation of the cosmos have been recognized by the International Astronomical Union in their official naming of asteroid "13123 Tyson".
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TRANSCRIPT:
Neil deGrasse Tyson: Nobody doesn't love Europa. Let me back up.
When we think of places you might find life we typically think of the Goldilocks zone around a star where water would be liquid in its natural state, and if you get a little too close to the star heat would evaporate the water and you don't have it anymore, it's gone. Too far away, it would freeze and neither of those states of H2O are useful to life as we know it. We need liquid water. So you can establish this green zone, this habitable zone, this Goldilocks zone where if you find a planet orbiting there: hey, good chance it could have liquid water. Let's look there first for life as we know it.
Now, it turns out that this source of heat, of course, is traceable to the sun, and if you go farther out everything would or should be frozen, all other things being equal. But Europa, a moon of Jupiter sitting well outside of the Goldilocks zone, is kept warm. Not from energy sources traceable to the sun, but from what we call the tidal forces of Jupiter itself.
So Jupiter and surrounding moons are actually pumping energy into Europa. And how does it do that? As Europa orbits Jupiter its shape changes. It's not fundamentally different from tides rising and falling on Earth. The shape of the water system of the earth is responding to tidal forces of the moon and when you do that to a solid object, the solid object is stressing and because of this, a consequence of this is that you are pumping energy into the object.
It is no different from when you say-anyone who's familiar with racquet sports, indoor racquet sports, it could be racquetball or squash-you say, “Let's warm up the ball before we start playing.” You want to hit it around a few times. You are literally warming up the ball. It's not just simply, “Let's get loose,” it’s, you are literally warming up the ball. How? You are distorting it every time you smack it and then the resilience of the ball pops it back into shape, and every time you do that, every smack, you're pumping energy into the ball. That's not fundamentally different from what's going on in orbit around Jupiter.
So you have this frozen world Europa, completely frozen on its surface, but you look at the surface and there are cracks in the ice. There are ridges in the ice where there's a crack and it's shifted and then re-froze. So this ridge has a discontinuity in the crack and it continues in another place. So what this tells you is that Europa cannot be com...
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Wed 8/5/20 ...100am ... saw 3 moons.... i think
That's actually kind of mindblowing: The fact that we could theoretically survive without a star because of other sources of energy, like he mentioned at the end.
Even when the sun dies this stuff could potentially still be going on
Nesano sure life can but we couldn’t.
CannedCherry when the sun dies everything around it dies with it. Nothing can survive in the system during the process of a supernova or red giant
RensSpace actually when the sun turns red giant Jupiter and it’s moons will be in the habitable zone meaning Europas ice would melt and because the atmosphere is oxygen (but still far too thin for humans) it could harbor more advanced life. Also when the red giant phase of the sun dies it will become a white dwarf, which is very dim so it would go back to the icy/ underground ocean state of before, but it would probably have the same microscopic life as it might be supporting right now.
@@RensSpace the sun will only expand to the orbit of Mars roughly, the outer planets will be fine (maybe more radiation, but they won't be swallowed by the red sun)
the camera is too much zoomed in, I wanted to see his hands expression.
"The good thing about science is that it's true whether or not you believe in it." - Neil
Sachin Tripathi only scientism my friend. Anthropology is a science and it is a provisional truth. Same with astronomy. Some factors.
True, but think about how many times it has been wrong. Just take a look at history and there is the answer. Just because it is true today, doesn't mean it won't be fiction in the future.
Aaron G. Randall You obviously don't understand the quote.
Science doesn't change. People practising bad science and making scientific errors doesn't mean the science is wrong.
The Greeks were quite accurate in knowing the shape and size of the earth using physics and maths.
Such knowledge was lost to religious retarded people in the middle ages but Colombus went to the Americas thinking that he had landed in India. Educated people with an understanding of maths and physics always knew the world was round.
Einstein's laws were only verified ~100 years after he formulated them.
2+2=4 always even if people are unable to compute it.
Physics and mathematics of the universe doesn't change as far as we know.
Maybe in black holes or parallel universes.
Sachin Tripathi We live in a universe of infinite possibilities, therefore the expansion of the universe can change how physics works.
Nothing is permanent and all things experience change. Even our experience of truth.
Trump > Tyson
We need more guys like this
sin of lust
Yes indeed. I truly believe that liquid water exists throughout the galaxy. And if that's so well there's the Drake Equation - and we're filling in values for many of the variables in that one. What the Drake Equation says is the probability for intelligent life elsewhere in the galaxy, Universe, Dimension etc.
kd1s Given that the most common elements in the universe are; Hydrogen, Helium, Oxygen, and Carbon its a mathmatical impossibilty that liquid water is not common. Neato fact: Top three elements in the human body are Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon.
Nigga high as shit.
I can see you uh oh peoples we gots a badass ova here
We need a hand motion cam.
kinky
I've been eagerly waiting for the exploration of Europa ^_^
No love for Mars?
According to NASA , they will launch the Europa clipper around 2023. It is equipped to search for life in Europa;s ocean.
Don’t forget that nasa’s going to sent some probes to not just search for water in Europa, but also search for water or ice on other moons of Jupiter which is a lot
@Dovyeon I suggest you check out this article about digging beneath the ice on Europa.NOVEMBER 14, 2018 BY MATT WILLIAMS
ARCHIMEDES: Digging into the ice on Europa with lasers. After you read it tell me if you think this method can dig through the ice,
nasa is going to send probes to europa in 2024
I'm never disappointed listening to Neil
Dr. Tyson truly understands his subject and can clearly explain it. His sense of humor makes me want to listen to him all day!!
Neil was very tired that day, and probably with a cold. kudos for doing it none the less.
It's his job to talk about it, and it's his favourite interest. Don't feel too sorry for him :)
piero san giorgio Science would demand that you prove he was tired and had a cold, therefore your statement is a random guess with no evidence or proof whatsoever.
piero san giorgio he just did hot ones before hand
Bob Hunt He sounds congested and his eyes are watery and red.
kinda looks like he just finished smoking a joint.
I'll watch anything with Neil in it!
Even porn?
No mention of Enceladus? I'm a bit surprised.
whats that
ahhaha this is great
Yes I saw a geyser photo, you could close orbit and collect samples removing the hundred year/maybe never wait for the money to produce something to melt through miles of ice.
U hurts Titan's feeling ! 😯😯😯
Enceladus is the moon of Saturn not of Jupiter.
I couldn't have clicked faster after seeing "Neil" in the title.
His explaining style is so aawsome
Neil is the only scientist I can understand without having to look up every single word another scientist says 😂
“If you can’t explain it to a 4 year old you don’t understand it enough “ -idk but someone said it
I like Michelle Thaller too
@@Silverdragon517 😂🤣 that’s what I’m talking about
So with all this energy being put into the moon to melt the water is the moon decaying in its orbit or is Jupiter's rotation slowing down? The energy has to come from somewhere...
Cody'sLab, both I'm assuming
At first I was going to suggest looking up tidal locking, but when I looked into it, it makes no real sense. Europa is almost tidal locked (synchronous), it's apsis has a difference of 2%, and has a tilt of 1%. I don't see how it can steal angular momentum in the form of heat. Either it's core is extremely soft (like putty so small changes in gravity field can affect it), or the gravity field surrounding Jupiter is uneven. If anything I'm thinking it's IO's gravity that's causing it.
@Bob De Baviaan This i want to know this
@@farmerjohn7756 Europa has an elliptical orbit around Jupiter, thus the gravitational pull from Jupiter varies as the moon orbits, creating the tides that flex and relax the surface.
Europa is tidally locked and has an elliptical orbit lasting about 3.5 earth days. This means twice a week the planet is essentially being compressed and released (generating heat just like any other form of conginuous stretching) through the force provided by jupiters immense gravitational pull on the moon, so it's not stealing energy from somewhere unless you count standing on earth as stealing energy from earth
1:41 perfect trombone
ahahahahah just keep smashing 1:41 its legit perfect XD
I love it
ok... if there is liquid water... and turns out no life... should we plant microbial life forms that favor that environment to see if they take hold??? Creating our own 👽
we should
Playing god🤔 we should do it
Chance Carlson Dou you realise how long we've played God for right here on earth.
Kevin Nelson toùche
I find it hilarious how people in the comments are so triggered and in denial about all of the "crazy science" Neil talks about. Yet here there are...on UA-cam...a website that wouldn't be possible without an extremely advanced understanding of software, hardware, physics, electricity, electromagnetism, etc.....things they have zero clue about. Yet they take all that in depth science at face value simply because it allows them to drool over their keyboard and post about how flat the earth is...
i'm going to europa who's with me
You gonna get destroyed by those mudraptors
Watch europa report, a film on europa moon.!
In spanish, europa means europe xd
Hell yeah let's go find the deep stone crypt
Neil Degrassi Tyson is a very smart and funny guy we need more scientists like him ☺
very well explained, it's simple and it makes sense!
the way Neil de grease Tyson explains things so interestingly
I love Neil because even though he has a vast and complex academic background, he can really break science down to make it easy to grasp and make it very interesting to the average Joe. Also, you can have chemosynthetic life forms(like "tube worms") in deep sea hydrothermal vents - if you have such undersea volcanic activity on Europa. It's amazing that extreme gravity can be a source of energy that can potentially support life (in place of light and radiation). I also love his Goldie Locks analogy - i.e. this porridge is too hot (close to the sun) to support life and this porridge is too cold (far away from the sun) to support life, etc.
Twelve people who believe the earth is flat disliked this video.
Cary R. And those 12 liked your comment :)
The earth is round , Tyson is flat !
The earth is an apple
I actually like the hypothesis that life could also be in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter it's self. I'd be very surprised if Europa didn't have some sort of microbial life on it
Fantastic video. Thanks.
Enceladus is a moon of saturn with a big liquid ocean and gravitational heat as well. Plus we just found some other great signs of life (organic compounds and H2 gas production) there during the Cassini mission.
Prove it!!!
If cellular life exists on Europa it would support the hypothesis that hydro-vents were the point of origin here on Earth. If no life exists despite the presence of favourable conditions, then the alternative 'hot spring ' hypothesis is indicated, in which it has been shown that lipid-encapsulated polymers can be synthesized by cycles of hydration and dehydration to form protocells.
I swear, Neil could describe taking a dump and still make it mind-blowing.
This made me think: Suppose there are macrobiotic species, animals, things with eyes and a brain, that live on Europa.
Or probably more correctly inside Europa, in that ocean between it's surface ice and whatever is the core of the planet (I don't assume it's 100% an ice-covered water ball).
What would the ice sheet look like when you looked up to where we would normally see sky?
Or would it be so dark on the inside, so little light if any that would penetrate deep enough, that you couldn't see a thing?
Do you think the interior oceans of Europa get any light at all?
Would a macrobiotic animal even evolve to have eyes in such conditions?
I know Earth has fish with eyes that live at depths that are so far down light doesn't reach, but perhaps a Europan fish wouldn't.
It could be even darker in the depths of the Europan ocean than the deepest of Earth's oceans.
This is the first time I've watched Neil deGrasse Tyson talk about Europa without mentioning "Europians".
Can planets which are too close to the star and ,thus too hot for water, be somehow tempered by other natural phenomena to cool it down to be habitable? Say, a dense asteroid belt which would partially reflect sunlight?
Kinda cool. I'm curious what we'd find in Europa
Where ma Cosmos fanboys and girls at line up!
Good stuff.
He is wearing the same outfit as the one in Hot ones. I bet he did this talk before he went there.
OR after, hence the teary red eyes lol
Paul Bularan possibly
That is pretty freaking cool!
the Goldie locks zone is redundant, a planets core temperature could possibly keep liquid water, if it has enough core temperature of course
'All These Worlds Our Yours - Except Europa - Attempt No Landings There.' I know, I know, no black monoliths and Jupiter hasn't been turned into a miniature Sun, but, damn, wasn't Arthur C. Clark a great science fiction writer, scientist, and scholar. Oh, and major props to Neil and Big Think for this vid.
love Neil
One of the best videos ever
Love this guy
what is funny is that azimov wrote a book before he died that was never tied into the robot/foundation series entirely, but was mentioned in a later foundation book at least once, about a world in a brown dwarf system that was orbiting a super massive gas giant that had a livable breathable atmosphere through tidal force. the name of the book is nemesis (it probably also triggered some of the planet 9 style apocalypse conspiracies, because the star was on a collision course with earth in the book, lol, even gave a semi realistic amount of time, well over 1000 years after detection it would impact our system and make a big enough mess to make it unlikely that earth would remain habitable)
When people talk about the heat death of the universe, does that include these tidal forces? I understand that the last stars will have burned out after a long enough time, but could you still have moons around gas giants that have these tidal forces keeping them warm?
Good question.
Wouldnt a thick layer of ice surrpunding Europa lead to unstable exchanges of important chemicals and gases and therefore things like anoxia?
Europa has liquid water. 😮😮😮😮😮😮
Io: Fire / Europa:Water / Ganymede:Air / Callisto:Earth
Shared resonance - 28:14:7:3
I can figure out how to get threw the ice With a clever device and plus make outher gadgets.
Деграсс как всегда прекрасен.
I love listening to Neil' brain.
Yes there is life on Europa.. I live there
What about heat from jupiter? Could it behave like a very small sun
I love you Neil
In other words, no need for the Goldilocks Zone in the search for life
I pray that in Neil's lifetime he gets to see alien contact and can assist with developing modes of communication and understanding.
Be careful what you pray for.
can a planet be classed as orbiting bodies with a atmosphere compared to a moon that orbits a planet with no atmosphere and planets that orbit a sun since titan and europa are planets orbiting a planet and we do know pluto is a big rock not classed as a planet anymore what you guys think?
4/28
Jupiter's Big 4 motors have a Resonance together, from Io to Callisto
28:14:7:3
Just think about what creatures could live there under kilometers of ice in a pure darkness having in mind our glowing deep sea fishes.
What about Enceladus?
We all want to go to Europa and colonize under the ice and become ice people
Neil shows up when he's got a new book to promote. Not complaining though!! The world needs him.
Watch the movie Europa Report, its a scifi bout what could happen if we go there : O
I think the key sentence for me is "life as we know it"
Life on Europe? Impossible. I'm in Europe right now, and it's totally ded..
Fnidner You mean Eurabia?
predictable and uncreative. this black physicist has a surprising number of racist fans
TheNutSlapper69 Fuck you
TheNutSlapper69 we talk about universe not about religion
Joel Landman If you question that, you must be a moron
Honestly? We need to create an artificial atmosphere in Europa, then make it have some greenhouse effects to warm it up. We will have lots of water before we even know it.
A moon naturally gets warmer due to tidal heating and add extra green house gases and a moon could be quite far from goldilock zone and should still thrive in life.
4:11 … fish*
Person x people x peoples
fish x fish x fishes
HOW DO PEOPLE NOT LIKE THIS?
what are they hate science?
Dwayne Pitts Because they prefer their religious teachings.
So you're saying, when all the star in the universe are used up, we can harness the power of black dwarf stars squashing planets and generating heat for trillions of years?
At that point draining black holes of their energy would become more efficient. Those would be viable power sources long after entropy ate all galaxies and all the stars.
If there were intelligent beings on Eurpoa, with a technology about even with outs, would they have any way of knowing there was anything outside their world?
Can we harvester this gravitation energy?
I just want more answers.
Well the Europa Clipper mission is set to arrive there in 2030, so you gotta wait until then.
Why would you need to tunnel through the ice if the vents are shooting water vapor into the sky wouldn’t that mean that thats an opening to the sea underneath and a drone could just go in from there?
So dam fascinating I'm giddy!!... (actually that's the gunja)
you also have Saturns moon Enceladus that has water on it
the ice hole could be melted with a laser, that would keep the hole unable to re-freeze for operations
Another problem may be that the weight of the ice may be exerting pressure on the water underneath so when the probe or laser or whatever breaks through water may gush out of the hole. Don't know...
I thought that engineering problem is also a science problem but its more hands on.
My hypothesis is there is no native life on Europa, because electricity is essential to developing the more complex organic molecules.
Yo one question... if Europa is receiving energy... what's losing that energy?
Europa and Jupiter are losing kinetic energy.
They get energy from the gravitational effect of Jupiter and its moons.Europa expands and contracts continually,causing heat.Listen again to the tennis ball analogy.
There's no life on Europa. Life *in* Europa is an entirely different matter.
nice
Io has the most volcanoes in the solar system? I thought Venus has a mess of them too.
I believe Venus has numerically more volcanos, but IO has more that are active (erupting all the time).
WHERE WERE YOU NEIL IN THE 80’s..... because all my earth and sciences biology teachers did was show movie 🍿. That had nothing to do with anything relevant to the subject. We never used the big telescopes 🔭 , the classes were a waste... I wanted so much more ..
Is NEIL from Philly
NY City, no?
Woooooow. It's already known that light is not needed to sustain life by the discovery of marine life at the deepest parts of the ocean, but is light needed to create life? In the darkest parts of the universe, can there be life created and sustained solely by "alternate" energy sources? If so, is it possible for it to evolve into intelligent life? Such an interesting topic.
As far as I'm aware the first lifeforms on earth were chemotrophs.
“It’s not a science problem it’s an engineering problem.” What that means is that it’s within the laws of physics and we have the technology to do so, we just haven’t done the math for that specific problem yet. Keep it up, professor! We need ya!
PLEASEEEEEEE I NEED EUROPA TO HAVE LIFE. I WANT TO BE ALIVE DURING THE BIGGEST SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY IN THE HISTORY OF HUMANITY
Prog47 launch for the Europa Clipper is scheduled for 2025 so we shall see!
@@TheDemisemismiles but that won’t drill into the ice so it’s unlikely it’ll find life. It will confirm the ocean theory at best.
I searched this after I heard about Shark life on Europa
Imagine we just had earth. Nothing else.. no moon. Spinning around the sun all alone.
Could this be a new energy/heat source for the galaxy instead of stars? Could We off of a gas planet without a star?
Its quite scary that for all we know, we are the only life in the universe which is really depressing that the universe is infinite in all directions and that we seem to be the only life
We should move all the Ice Moons to the Goldilocks Zone, melt and clean the water then add engineered plankton and algae.
Hey Neil, why are we currently observing changes on all of the planets, not just Earth? Why are the magnetosphere and ionosphere weakening?
Jupiter was able to form due to it's orbital path around the sun. So I suppose it IS traceable to some extent.
Wow
I want a bottle of water made from Europa's water content. How much do you think that would be worth on Earth? 😆
Just 50 years from now man will wish he hadn't gone ice fishing on Europa! D:
Io 🔥 Europa ❄️ Ganymede 🌪️ Callisto 🗿
Collective Resonance - 28:14:7:3
2020 is to long from now!! Just go now!!! Lol ! I want to know wtf is on this Moon 🌝