Michio Kaku: 99.99% of species go extinct. What is humanity’s future? | Big Think
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- Опубліковано 15 сер 2019
- Michio Kaku: 99.99% of species go extinct. What is humanity’s future?
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The great science fiction writer Isaac Asimov put a terrifying question on humanity's radar: Where will we be 50,000 years from now?
Humanity is close to exhausting the known laws of physics; it's the unknown - the unified theory of everything - that could dominate our destiny in the coming millennia. And that destiny is almost certainly tied to space travel. Why?
"Extinction is the norm," says Michio Kaku, 99.99% of all species on Earth eventually go extinct. "Mother Nature and the laws of physics have a death warrant for humanity," says Kaku. "[U]ltimately our destiny will be in outer space."
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MICHIO KAKU
Dr. Michio Kaku is the co-founder of string field theory, and is one of the most widely recognized scientists in the world today. He has written 4 New York Times Best Sellers, is the science correspondent for CBS This Morning and has hosted numerous science specials for BBC-TV, the Discovery/Science Channel. His radio show broadcasts to 100 radio stations every week. Dr. Kaku holds the Henry Semat Chair and Professorship in theoretical physics at the City College of New York (CUNY), where he has taught for over 25 years. He has also been a visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, as well as New York University (NYU).
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TRANSCRIPT:
MICHIO KAKU: When I was a child, I, too, read Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, and it forced you to confront the question: Where will we be 50,000 years from now?
Now, remember, science fiction, when I was a kid, was just shoot 'em up cowboy movies in outer space. That's all it was. However, Isaac Asimov forced you to come to grips with the fact that we're going to be exhausting the known laws of physics pretty soon. We have a very good grasp of the electromagnetic, the strong, the weak forces, gravity, but beyond that lies the unified field theory; the theory that eluded Einstein for the last 30 years of his life, the theory that I work on professionally -- that's my day job; I work on something called string theory, which we think is the theory of everything, and this theory could dominate our destiny in the coming millennia. Now, this means, of course, starships. Already, NASA has something called the 100 Year Starship program, very ambitious, however, a lot of it's still theoretical. We don't know for sure what it would take to go to the stars. Stephen Hawking, my colleague, the late Stephen Hawking, talked about shooting computer chips, tiny computer chips boosted by laser beams to 20% the speed of light, capable of reaching Alpha Centauri in 20 years time. But then, of course, we want to go beyond that. One day, we're going to have fusion rockets, anti-matter rockets, rockets that can take us to the nearby stars, not just computer chips, but people. And then beyond that, who knows? Maybe our destiny really does lie in outer space.
Remember that on the earth, 99.9% of all species eventually go extinct. Extinction is the norm. We think of Mother Nature as being warm and cuddly, and for the most part, she is. But sometimes, the savagery of Mother Nature is revealed. And if you don't believe me, dig underneath your feet. Right under your feet, right now, are the bones, the bones of all the different organisms, of fossils, the 99.9% that were doomed by the laws of nature. And the laws of physics also doom the entire planet Earth. And that's why I say, given the fact that Mother Nature and the laws of physics have a death warrant for humanity, that ultimately our destiny will be in outer space.
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I swear Michio has stayed 70 something years old his whole life
"The fate of humanity is entirely dependent on its moral development." Albert Einstein
"The economy anarchy of capitalism is the root of all evil." Albert Einstein
" We must become global citizens." Stephen Hawking
@Peter Kazavis Exactly. It's not hard to see people who are bright minds in science, but totally infant in economics.
Even if we developed light speed engines, space would STILL be vastly too big for us. People don't grasp just how large it is.
Or just how large it will rapidly expand to.
400 billion sun like stars of the Milky Way galaxy inside 400 Billion galaxies of the known universe is hard to wrap your mind around.
True, but we won't need all space. Our future will be continuous outward exploration and expansion-ie no coming back to the 'old worlds'. Perhaps in a million years, we'll have populated a good few planets within our own galaxy.
Silver Solver I really appreciate your sensible yet optimistic attitude about the future of man. I always feel so nervous thinking about our future, especially when Kaku said that part about what is right under our feet. It would be so disgusting if we found a way to inhabit a new world and just trashed it the way we’re doing with Earth right now. But if Trump is right, like he is about everything ...there is no such thing as climate change. He wants to buy Greenland! What will he think when he sees it’s melting day by day! Oh , don’t worry, Greenland belongs to the Danes and they are way to smart . I wouldn’t sell him an island full of nature’s bountiful treasures, he starts to sweat a little and his hands get twitchy when he thinks of that gorgeous virgin land and he just can’t wait to pummel the place
sogghartha space is fake and the earth is flat
We cannot give up on our Earth. We may maintain heartbeats and brain activity for a while, but our Humanity will die with the Planet.
This man is such a legend! I would love to have a beer with him and just talk
Im smarter than him. You wanna meet me? I can kick Dwayne Johnson and Vin Diesels ass on front of you.
@@DBMWM3GTR go home dickhead
Rodger Murphy He would be on the TOP of my list of cool people I would love to “kick it” with!
I’m afraid Mother Nature could get pissed at us and shake us off like a dog shaking off water..or I guess we would be little fleas clinging to her
We've got to watch out for superhuman Artificial Intelligence.
This is a delusion, the only thing AI will do is empower the obscenely wealthy to subvert and enslave, or dispose of, the populous.
with neural link we wont have to have so much electricity running from our TVs if we could just watch videos and serve the web in our mind. It might be what can save the world from things like Climate change.
I’d like to see AI replace the human political system.
Anthony Hirsch *Suprahuman , also strange how it’s underlined since Subhuman isn’t,and Supra is the opposite of sum.
Brainybutnotgeeky. In medical terminology I believe Supra means above and/or beyond. With this limited bit of information, I figured it meant above or beyond human
Great video
I've been following the many science promoters and enthusiasts for several years, And Michio Kaku is one of the reasons why i became an astrophysicist. It is a bit sad to see old age descend on such wonderful humans. Thank you so much for always brightening our day with knowledge of the cosmos.
Yeah, I love him so much.
I don't think that a civilization that can't even get its business on the planet in order will have the capabilities to venture beyond its own solar system.
Putting things into perspective:
We have done proper science for a little over 200 years now.
Not even 100 years ago we fought two world wars, followed by a cold war where we teetered on the edge of mutual destruction for several decades.
We have developed an economic system that is glorifying growth within a circular logic of profit and wealth accumulation. This economic system is bringing upon us catastrophic climate change and despite our scientific knowledge about this existential threat, we fail to act rationally because we are so trapped by the artificial logic of this system we have built.
As humans we, today, are no different from the humans that lived in the dark ages, not even different from the ones who lived 2000 years ago.
But the socialization we go through has changed, leading us to become doctors, scientists, teachers and inventors instead of being superstitious idiots who burn witches, fear everything they can't comprehend and have no reliable way of telling fact from fiction.
The stable social environments we rely on to do proper science and achieve scientific progress are very delicate and fragile.
This socialization we so much take for granted because we went through it and know nothing else, has just very recently appeared in human history and it's in no way for certain that it will continue to exist.
As things stand right now I think it is more likely that, in the face of climate change, we will go back to the resource and land wars of the past. But this time, the mutual destruction, that we were barely able to avoid during a time of prosperity, will become impossible to avoid during a time of scarcity.
Einstein once said that he doesn't know which weapons will be used in WW3, but in the wars after that it will be sticks and stones again.
He had a, for the time, unique outlook on western society.
While Europe gave in to nationalist romanticism in the wake of WW1, Einstein signed a manifesto arguing for a united Europe that moved beyond nation states.
He feared the human nature, as it's the result of an evolutionary process that relies on overpowering everything thats not part of the own arbitrarily constructed group.
Yet, the great potential that lies within our intelligence brought us to a point where overpowering the other is no rational option anymore, because our means of destruction have become too massive. Einstein knew what kind of weapons we would be able to build, he knew that our capabilities would quickly outgrow our sense of responsibility and eventually we would destroy ourselves because of arbitrary conflicts and our inability to overcome the inherent irrational traits ingrained into our DNA. Rationality is something we came up with, it is not something that is inherent to us.
So, before venturing into interstellar space, lets fix climate change, lets fix inequality, lets deescalate global conflicts and enable global cooperation, because if we don't, I'm afraid we likely won't make it long enough to make the discoveries necessary for interstellar travel, before destroying ourselves.
Michio kaku doesn't cade as he's ass is backed by pentagon. He's rich elite. Elites never die in a war.
Janice from Accounting
Well written thoughts! Hope more people will get to this level of consciousness.....
Janice from Accounting or should humans just follow our natural course and go extinct sooner? We are the largest cause of problems on this planet. Quantum physics also suggests this reality is more mysterious than we know, only existing because of measurement. What we really need is to accelerate general purpose AI and quantum computing that will help us problem much faster than we are capable of, then we can deal with climate change and other environmental issues.
.......in the meantime Janice, get back to accounts now! The whistle blower just ratted GE and you need to destroy evidence.
Nicely put 👍
I think this is mostly true but humans are at a strange time where we are coming to a realization that we are finite, and that power doesn't mean anything if we bite the hand feeding us. Our morals are way behind our technology, we are a lot closer to burning our own planet down than we are to venturing out into space for a new home. I dont know if we are necessarily trapped in our social system, its more like theres so god damn many of us that if we dont put these systems in place the world would be chaos. The worst possible thought we can have is "Fuck it Ill be dead by the time THAT happens" and it seems like nowadays its Fuck it ill be dead or us humans are finite so I should live a fulfilling life while I can. So I believe venturing into space would be best and the only thing stopping us is climate change.
Wow! He just said Mother Nature is “more or less” warm and cuddly.
Excellent explaination. Disturbing and interesting. Best of luck.
Humanity shouldn't worry about the problems of tomorrow, it should now worry about the next few minutes
Michio Kaku: Dig under your feet.
Me: Have a pissed third floor neighbor!
Is this a reupload? Could've sworn this was uploaded before..?
What a nice upbeat speech to start the day
Hopefully we will not be extinct.. At least not if we can get trough the next 100 years.. This to me will be the most challenging time. We are starting to develop some sort of God like power that we don't know how to properly control.. So if we avoid doing bad choices in the near future I'm pretty sure we'll be able to colonize the outer space. I am confident. I want to believe in the mankind.
Wooo michio kaku alive and well!!
Very good, ´´String theory´´ ´´50,000 years´´ We have time on our side for now!
Yes all things based on carbon do rearrange. So, physically, it would need a more stable base. Sort of how the earth formed from plasma and magma into obsidian. It hardened a more chaotic base and imprinted itself, harmoniously, in the surrounding harmonious potential.
So, if I got this right, regardless of what we do as a species to preserve this planet, it will eventually consume us by it's own power of nature, so we should at the same time look into how to sustain life in outer space?
Nah, I prefer the current model. If nature's going to kill us, we're going to try to kill nature!
So if spacetime flips in a black and becomes timespace, could there be a Time singularity?
What would that mean?
A singularity in space is also a singularity in time.
As you approach a black hole time will become so dilated (from your perspective) that you will never reach the center.
Everything dies eventually
When will clickbait go extinct?
So.
Where is the .01%
I’m feeling certain humans haven’t even scratched the surface of our destiny. It is inevitable that we continue to evolve with our universe, existence demands this from everyone, whether people pay attention to this or not. I’m happy I participated at this moment in time with the rest of you goofballs.
In a very real sense … we are in “outer-space” … whether or not humans survive to explore that place we have wondered about so much rests in how “wisely” humans evolve to meet that challenge. 🤔
I'm guessing the likelihood of us going extinct as well is around 99.99%.
However, it's 0.01% possible we'll figure out how to transfer our consciousness into either a mechanical and/or new biological host. We would be able to effectively extend our lives for as long as we want or until we figure out a way for our consciousness to transcend the material plane and evolve into some form of energy being that will allow us to gain access to other dimensions or realms of existence.
Also extinction
I do agree with Anthony Hirsch we need to watch what man creates that can cause us to crease.
It's not common for me to hit dislike on a video but this is part of an increasingly difficult to appreciate trend of scientists taking a cheap way out of the general responsibility of the rich and powerful for artificial forces like climate change.
Humanity's next stage of evolution will be our venture and expansion into the cosmos just like the earliest life forms that left the water for land.
Humans will go extinct way before being able to venture into space.
@@jcvdmantas We shall see.
the world will end when ill die. cant remember who wrote that, i read it 35 years ago, but he was right.
That can't be right - 35 years ago I wasn't born, therefore there was no world to speak of
Hmmm... I bit lacking from a big mind. He forgot to mention that the 6th mass extinction is now in progress because of man's (unprecedented climate change) input. I also notice that the drake equation Vs the Fermi paradox obvious solution 'the great filter', wS not mentioned.
Doom soon adios hasta la vista from matter to death no matter?
We bring our short shortsightedness to space with us man.
All of 99.99% did not know what extinction is but we humans do if that's not enough hope for you then there is no hope
Just another ape that glorifies its own intelligence without any validation. Have you wondered why other animal brains although bigger or more complex than ours like the elephant or whale still never act or think like us? It might be that we are the dumb ones who have mistaken what intelligence is and thats why we have no other species on earth or in space acts like us because our intelligence is illusion of fear.
@KarthikSoun also another ape just glorifies his intelligence. I need a validation that animals are not perceiving life as we do? Like you said never acts or think like us. We know what extinction is and it's just matter of time we take it seriously, probably after the 3rd generation dies out which is soon they are already at their 60s and 90s.
Even the entire universe will end at some point. Moving out and conquering outer space is just a temporary solution and will not ensure humanity will survive forever.
U have 1 billion years to leave the solar system, and trillions of years to escape the universe. If it's possible to make something to leave the universe time is on our side.
Prove it.
@@Obi-WanKannabis we are rather slow by now we should be pre star wars era able to travel in our Galaxy its bit to slow man whoever is running this needs to quicken the pace up or we are doomed..thats for sure money or science cant have both these years are the premise if we make it or not .
@@momsbasementnerd4ever315 Scientific progress is booming mate, at this pace, if we don't kill ourselves we'll be fast to anywhere
@@Obi-WanKannabis but uhh same rocket designs for four decades man and we cant even fly to mars yet thats rather worrsome and some tech being held back why》if we were sciencetifical society renewable energy would be the only energy and combustion extinct we have hydro engines, more efficient electric cars and core engineering for travel why are they not in use I can list 1000 more things tbh we dont even need traditional electric anymore the ones in home we can use solar and have energy cell store it for months seems awkward dont you think
How uplifting
For me, it would be a good opportunity to travel in a plane.
Live sustainably (eat plant based & organic, reuse/reduce/recycle, use natural cleaning/hygiene products, walk/bike/carpool/public-transportation, etc.) and promote education which can decrease overpopulation and its negative effects
When mosquitoes r gonna extinct ?
Always refreshing to hear a futurist speak about ideas.
I think Carl Sagan said it best, “All species either become space faring or extinct”
Everyday our future in space becomes more and more likely😌
That's wildly optimistic. 🙂👍
The future of the next generations, you'll die way before we can even leave the solar system
Nice
@@aethiluvatar what do mean man i just said nice
@@dimitrisgalazis I know just like going around and naming the 1st comment
I'm kinda sceptical about the 99,99% thing
Good. Skeptical means you are critically thinking and at the same time not slamming the door on it in denial. Research it. I for one have some understanding of it and have no doubt that it's true. He might be a couple of a tenths of a percents off but if so he's close enough to safely annihilate the world.
I think humans would repeat them self’s over and over due to war and natural disasters
Evolution.
We're living in a changing universe and change does not mean to save what was or is but progress. In this time we have to say good bye to burning fossil energy even it gave mankind such a great advantage compared to life just 200 years ago. We have to switch fastly to a new livestyle that once mankind will move the forrests into space.
It is better to make predictions until Singularity/AGI is achieved, i.e. 50-100 years from now. Trajectory of science and tech will be unpredictable from there onwards. Hidden laws of the Universe and even far deeper insights into mathematics than we could ever imagine unaided will be within in the reach of AGI. Frankly, it is absurd to attempt at predictions 50,000 years into the future. Type-I, Type-II, Dyson's sphere, etc are all cute. But who knows for sure how strange our future will be even 500 years from now, let alone 50K years (if we manage to survive).
Why species' get extinct. Think food think water and chemicals.
?
MICHIO!!!
Extinction is bad to us because we fear death. No longer existing. Especially the Herd. The Herd is mediocre. The Herd sucks at living. So they're extremely sentimental to death.
"My life sucked and in death I don't even get another chance?" - The Herd
"Extinction" is essential to evolution; like a fire razing a forest to the ground, clearing the way for new organisms to grow. Dinosaurs were big, consumed a lot of resources, and we're inefficient. Today we have us, we are a better version of organic lifeform compared to dinosaurs. Life knows what it is doing. Evolution is going to make us better. Extinction isn't bad, it's necessary. Humans need to get a grip and get over it.
Won’t Mother Nature catch us in outer space !!!
No, Mother Nature is a metaphor for the planet Earth. Space couldn't care less. It's not nearly as hospitable to humans or other forms of life. We would have to zero in on our chances of survival in the Universe, because they're tiny!
Mother Nature is within us too, part of our human existence. It can’t leave us no matter how far in space we imagine to go
I see what you did there. It's true that we'll require a superior technology to sustain our species. Maybe we will, maybe we won't. It's mentally unfathomable to imagine a million years into the future, for example. The odds of human existence are incalculable at this time.
Soo we all die.it is inevitable.. Drinks on me lady and gents!
nothing last forever
@thomas anderson mmm i take that back hawking states information is inifinite nevermind
If humanity extinct first I wonder if it will still be the same? will 99.99% species still go extinct. Maybe it will but perhaps, just perhaps the timeline will change for better...
Always interesting listening to Mr. Kaku, gets the mind racing! I feel like with the ever rapidly expanding universe, even lightspeed engines may not be enough to get us efficiently through the cosmos, technology may need to look more towards bending space time as opposed to direct propulsion, bring in the Stargate! 😜🤘😝
👋 Charles Swindoll said life is 10 percent what happens to me and 90 percent of how I react to it. A dude by the name of @evenkingsfall (his insta) says the key is you have to THINK BIG to WIN BIG! Always keep that vision! Onwards and upwards 🎯
I'm pretty sure the heat death of the universe will do us in if nothing else
That's billions of years in the future. Doubtful that we'll last the next 50k years in the form we are now. If we do reach space and are able to colonize other planets we'll have to adapt to them and we'll eventually lose our 'humanity' as we evolve into something else.
David Lender We won't ever physically leave the galaxy, and maybe never the solar system.
Upload our consciousness to machines will be the way to survive extinction.
It’s a Mortal sin!😔
Hai big think 😃👀
We cannot give up on our Earth. We may maintain heartbeats and brain activity for a while, but our Humanity will die with the Planet.
Forrest L The planet can take a beating, it may get wrecked pretty bad, but it will bounce back in my opinion. As for humanity... I am not so sure. If by some chance we do pull through, I am pretty sure civilization won’t.
Let's hope(no hopium here) that we learn from the climate catastrophe that is to come and not end like the 99.9 %
it's Inevitable!!
Humans will just eventually evolve into some mutant fish kangaroo turtle monkey creature.
Humans wont exist anymore because this all ia already an computer generated reality. Humans existed before and created machines and machines didnt see any logic reason for love. We are here to proof them that love is worth all of this. But oh well humand arent good at it to proof love is worth. So theres no reason for this all. A nice day
Its already happening... I'm already swimming like the zohan, and fighting like Idris Elba in hobbs vs. Shaw... 💪💪
@Andrii Shumskyi what the fuck are you sayin' brolo?
Our destiny is overpopulation, resource depletion, and annihilation. No sapiens will survive.
The earth will not be here forever period.
He hasn't found appied quantum because he would have spoke about Holidium
Humanity is something to be surpassed~ Nietzsche. In the future, humanity will represent a small majority of intelligence on earth
Very optimistic . All it’s take to end our civilization is rock from space .
We are at the mercy of fate .
Is no fate. Only cause and effect. The issue is the causes are out of our hands
Danny Matten it’s basically fate (or similar) just without any “intention” behind the deterministic cause and effect which is usually what fate is traditionally described as. Then again please do correct me if am wrong.
Ineffable Being you are right
No we will not extinct, we will spread out true our galaxy and with the time evol in new species.... just how native Americans change with isolation on different continent.
$upreme ?!
Animal agriculture is the leading cause of species extinction. - United Nations. Avoiding meat and dairy is "THE SINGLE BIGGEST WAY" to reduce our impact on Earth. - Most comprehensive analysis on the environment from researchers at Oxford University.
Wait, is that the inventor of Mario?
*Edit:* no apparently that was another guy.
Stupid
The last human is alive.
Inaccurate
What exactly IS mankind's future? Let's ask the man on the street.
"Excuse me, sir. What do you think the future holds for mankind?"
"gabbo .... Gabbo .... GABBO!!"
lol 50 000 years from now - lol
"... NASA is working on some ultra tech project, it is ambitious however a lot of it still theoretical..."
ha says the guy who's working on String Theory
God has the final say...
I believe there is evidence to suggest that humanity is currently in a state of slow progressive evolution. We are adept at adaptation perhaps more so than even we thought ourselves capable of
Until we we stop being our own worst enemy we are not worth extinction avoidance. Our uniqueness is the ability to look at ourselves right in the eye, see the problem and still remain helpless in changing ourselves. An antiseptic scrub off of life on this planet would in all honesty be refreshing.
This is surprising sloppy thinking from an otherwise cutting edge futurist. He implies that 98% of species went extinct at one time. No one believes that happened. It might be the total over 5 great extinctions. That is still quite dramatic and still makes the point. But it makes a difference.
Butt the big surprise was hearing him suggest that physicists pretty much know it all now. They thought that around the turn of 1900 too. Now we have dark energy and dark matter and no clue. But he says something like this/ Surely he's kidding. Please.
When guys like this pass away, science will actually begin to move forward again.
We are the properties of time, space, and matter. Nirvana will come when we achieve enlightenment.
What will we do when we get there? Polute it with plastic?
2nd comment
Yes
Best consciousness in the world.
Money will bury us long before 50k years. xd
The extinction of humanity is inevitable. Lest we excelerate it, the big concern is who or what we will pass our history, our culture, our legacy and our genius onto. So long as we can make sure sentient life can continue to exist and thrive while having knowed us , I can live contentedly. That is my goal in science.
nothing makes sense if you do not believe in God
religion and ideology is holding people back imo
We are going to go extinct, it’s inevitable and the odds are against us. You see the name of the game isn’t to achieve some made up teleological end goal of some meta-narrative that is prescribe by and ideology, and then achieve it as fast as possible, like a race. Or topple some inherent and objective evil, like a protagonist. Or hell maybe a combination of those two things. It’s a game of who can last the longest. The victor is the last man standing, his rewards, dying possibly knowing he is the victor and the sweet release of death. This is a game of course where there a little to no rules, and anything is just a potential means and or strategic approach of achieving and maintaining this. So far we are screwed. Actually what is this talk of “we” anyway. It’s not like any of us asked to be apart of this “game” let alone be on team humanity.
Too bad we will never reach outer space...
String theory is a load of nonsense.
Because you can't understand it
Sir, are you inplying to have a better suggestion?
@@lucasv.drunen3384 (in..plying heh) but yes, Infinite Divisibility and Dimensions of Observation bound by Causality. Everything is energy, and energy is infinitely divisible. There is no "base" string or particle. It's a tangle of energy. And if we're to observe that tangle at scale, it would be infinitely divided into smaller tangles. The same works in reverse. Our observable Universe is just a fundamental particle in another vastly larger Universe.
And they are all bound by Causality into Dimensions. (Causality is the ability to transmit information, like time...) Dimensions are not parallel, they are Blooming.
And Michio Kaku is extremely well educated 50 years ago. He's a Celebrity and an influencer. Hardly the front lines of scientific research. You should respect his work ethic. But his choice to "champion" a theory and attempt to push it unto the public, not so much. Especially one bred, born, and proven by nothing but Math. Specifically for String Theory, multidimensional math... which is a load of complete nonsense.
In 2019 we understand that Math is a language humans invented to explain reality. In his time, scientists believed Math was the language of the Universe and Humanity just discovered it. It seems like a subtle difference. But it's extremely important.
So yeah, I have a much better idea. One grounded in logic, observation, and dedication to the science.
Celebrity Scientists should always be ignored. The real work is being done by people who don't have time to "play scientist" for rich people.
@tinylilmatt my time machine doesn't go back 10 years yet...
@@lucasv.drunen3384 sir? No I am god
Spoiler alert: All Species go extinct.
He starts by talking about string theory then concludes that we're doomed. He didn't have any credibility to begin with....
America has me wondering. Pondering the majority of support for the current POTUS and their view on inbreeding... 😐...👽
🙈🙉🙊
....hes getting old....
That's a law of physics